Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Library of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Identification of Two MA
夏黑葡萄花及果实全长cDNA文库的构建

( 南京农业大学 园艺学院,江苏 南京 210095)
摘要: 构建葡萄花果全长 cDNA 是开展葡萄花及果实发育的分子机理研究的重要工作基础,有助于重要相关基因 的克隆、功能分析、调 控 及 其 利 用。以 生 产 上 广 泛 栽 培、性 状 优 良 且 极 具 代 表 性 的 夏 黑 葡 萄 为 试 材,应 用 优 化 的 Creator SMART cDNA Construction Kit 技术,fu / mL,库容为 6 鉴定的结果显示: 插入片段大小为 1. 0 ~ 3. 0 kb,重组率为 99% 良 基 因 提 供 了 方 便,已 成 为 发 现 新基因、进行基因克 隆 与 功 能 基 因 组 学 研 究 的 重 要 工具[3,4],目前已发现的基因 来,为 方 便 基 因 克 隆 以及 EST 的大量 测 序,众 多 研些 重 要 的 模 式 生 物[5,6]和重要 农 作 物[7] 全 长 cDNA 文 库,获 得 了 大 量 的 重 要 数 据 ,极 大 地 促 进 了 功 能 基 因 完整阅读框 3'和 5'端的非编码区的全长基 因序 列,并 能 够 有 效 地 克 隆 低 丰 度 的、稀 有 mRNA
constructed with SMART
1. 4. 2 cDNA 第 1 链的合成 在预冷的 0. 5 mL 无 菌离心管中混合如下试剂: 1 μL 总 RNA 样品、1 μL SMART Ⅳ Oligo 引物、1 μL CDS 3 mol / L 接头、2 μL 双 蒸 水 ,混 匀 混 合 物 ,在 微 量 离 心 机 中 稍 离 心 使 混 合 物都集中管底; 72℃ ,2 min 后 冰 上 冷 却 2 min,再 稍 离心使内容物都集 中 到 管 底,并 向 每 一 个 管 中 先 后 加入 2. 0 μL 5 × First-Strand 缓 冲 液,1. 0 μL DDT ( 20 mmol / L) ,1. 0 μL dNTPs ( 10 mmol / L) ,1. 0 μL PowerScriptTM 反 转 录 酶,反 应 总 体 积 为 10 μL,混 合 均 匀,稍 离 心; 在 PCR 仪 上 42℃ 温 育 1 h,70℃ 15 min 终止第 1 链的合成,置于 - 20℃ 保存。 1. 4. 3 cDNA 第 2 链 的 合 成 在 获 得 第 1 链 DNA 的基础上,采 用 LD PCR ( Long distance PCR ) 扩 增, 获得双链 cDNA。在 0. 5 mL 反 应 管 中 加 入 如 下 试
cdna文库的构建和测序方法

cdna文库的构建和测序方法**CDNA Library Construction and Sequencing Methods**The construction of a cDNA library is a fundamental technique in molecular biology, enabling researchers to isolate, clone, and study specific genes. The process begins with the isolation of mRNA from a target cell or tissue. This mRNA is then reverse-transcribed into cDNA using a reverse transcriptase enzyme. The resulting cDNA fragments are subsequently cloned into a suitable vector, such as a plasmid or bacteriophage, to form a recombinant DNA molecule. These recombinant molecules are then introduced into host cells, typically bacteria, for amplification and storage.cDNA文库的构建是分子生物学中的一项基础技术,它使研究者能够分离、克隆和研究特定的基因。
该过程始于从目标细胞或组织中分离出mRNA。
随后,使用逆转录酶将这种mRNA逆转录成cDNA。
接着,将得到的cDNA片段克隆到合适的载体中,如质粒或噬菌体,形成重组DNA分子。
然后,这些重组分子被引入宿主细胞,通常是细菌,进行扩增和保存。
**Sequencing of cDNA Library**Once the cDNA library is constructed, sequencing becomes the next crucial step. Sequencing technologies have evolved significantly in recent years, with next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms becoming increasingly popular. NGS allows for high-throughput sequencing, generating millions of reads in a short time. Thesereads are then aligned to a reference genome or transcriptome, enabling the identification and analysis of individual genes and gene expression patterns.cDNA文库构建完成后,测序成为下一个关键步骤。
核酸技术问题解答

核酸技术问题解答问题1:我想克隆一个基因家族中的一个基因,这个基因家族的很多基因全长cdna已经被克隆,鸡中的该基因还未克隆,我本来打算根据该基因家族的保守区设计简并引物从鸡中扩增出一段,然后利用race得到全长cdna,可是作了很久的简并引物pcr都没得到什么结果,我想在genbank中查一下有没有该基因的est,不知道该怎么查啊?还请熟悉这方面工作的战友多加指教。
答:请你按照如下步骤:二,步入界面后你将看见存有一个“search”的大空地儿,在此黏上你的基因序列(随便就是全长还是片段,全长不好一些,所贴的基因序列和你必须克隆的物种亲缘关系越近越好),然后找出“choosedatabase”的附加栏,挑选里面的est栏或者estothers (因为你必须克隆鸡子的),页面\按钮;三,在出现的界面里点击“format!”,等待新弹出的窗口完全打开后,里面会出现n 多est序列,找到鸡子的对应的序列;四,页面对应的序列号可以发生代莱窗口,在这个窗口的最后面就是你必须的est序列,后面的就不必我再罗索啦。
问题2:现在手头上有两个老鼠的est克隆,都是1kb左右,但是已知人的cdna有6kb,老板要我拿到全长的老鼠的cdna,对这方面的工作一点经验都没有,不知哪位大侠可以给一点意见,由est去做或者是自己做rt?但是有6kb,rt不知道能行吗?答:几条途径:1,利用生物信息学资源展开电子克隆,进而赢得全长基因;2,利用race技术赢得全长基因;3,利用est得控针筛全长cdna库,进而获得全长基因;问题3:est就是由cdna文库的随机测序赢得,cdna文库源自细胞的mrna,那么这些mrna与否经过剪辑加工为明朗的mrna,还是pre-mrna?如果是由成熟的mrna经反转录为cdna的话,那么est就是没有内含子的,如果有些cdna来自pre-mrna,那么est就可能有内含子?我没搞过cdna文库,所以有些稀奇古怪。
Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clone of a European-Like Type 1 PRRSV Isolated in the

CONSTRUCTION OF A FULL-LENGTH cDNA INFECTIOUS CLONE OF A EUROPEAN-LIKE TYPE 1 PRRSV ISOLATED IN THE U.S. Ying Fang, Kay. S. Faaberg, Raymond R. R. Rowland, J. Christopher-Hennings, Asit K. Pattnaik, Fernando Osorio, and Eric A. Nelson 1. INTRODUCTION The recent emergence of a unique group of European-like Type 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in the U.S. presents new diagnostic and disease control problems for a swine industry that has already been seriously impacted by the traditional North American Type 2 PRRSV. Genetic and antigenic analysis from our laboratories demonstrated that this group of U.S. Type 1 PRRSV has features that distinguish it from typical European Type 1 PRRSV.1, 2 In order to further characterize this group of U.S. Type 1 PRRSV and provide an essential tool for the future construction of a new generation of genetically engineered PRRSV vaccines for both Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV, we constructed a full-length cDNA infectious clone of a U.S. Type 1 PRRSV. This is the first Type 1 infectious clone shown to replicate well in MARC-145 cells and represents the second infectious clone of Type 1 PRRSV. In addition, this infectious clone represents a recent member of this genotype, differentiating itself from the Lelystad infectious clone 3 derived from a 15-year-old strain of PRRSV. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS A European-like Type 1 PRRSV isolate, SD 01-08 (P34) was used for construction of a full-length infectious clone. SD 01-08 was isolated in 2001 from a group of 8-week-old pigs showing no clinical signs. BHK-21 cells were used for initial transfection, and MARC-145 cells were used for virus rescue and subsequent experiments. To construct the full-length cDNA clone, seven overlapping fragments (except the 5’ and 3’ ends) flanked by unique restriction enzyme sites were amplified by RT-PCR and Y. Fang, J. Christopher-Hennings, E. A. Nelson, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. K. S. Faaberg, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota. R. R. R. Rowland, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas. A. K. Pattnaik, F. Osorio, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska.**605Y. FANG ET AL.cloned into the pCR-Blunt II-Topo vector. These fragments were assembled into the low copy number plasmid, pACYC177, by restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, and transformation. The 5’ and 3’ ends of the genome were determined using a GeneRacer kit (Ambion) and assembled into pACYC177 vector. To rescue infectious virus, capped RNA was transcribed in vitro from the pACYC177 clone and transfected into BHK-21C cells using DMRIE-C (Invitrogen). Cell culture supernatant obtained 48 hours post- transfection was serially passaged on MARC-145 cells. Rescue of infectious virus was N specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). For discrimination between the cloned virus ORF7 region of the cloned virus using site-directed mutagenesis. Growth kinetics was examined by infecting MARC-145 cells with cloned virus and parental virus at a MOI of 0.1. Infected cells were collected at various times post- infection, and the virus titers were determined by IFA on MARC-145 cells and expressed as fluorescent focus units per ml (FFU/ml). Plaque morphology between the cloned virus and parental virus was compared by plaque assay on MARC-145 cells.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONA full-length genomic cDNA clone of a European-like (U.S. Type 1) PRRSV, strain SD 01-08 was constructed. This construct contains a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter at the 5’ terminus of the viral genome, an additional guanosine residue introduced between the T7 promoter and the first nucleotide of the viral genome, 15047 nucleotides full-length genome of SD 01-08 and a poly (A) tail of 41 residues incorporated at the 3’ end of the genome. The in vitro transcribed capped RNA was transfected into BHK-21 cells. Forty-eight hours post-transfection, cells were examined by IFA using nucleocapsid (N) protein specific MAb SDOW17 (Fig. 1A). Results showed that about 5% of cells transfected with pSD 01-08 RNA expressed the N protein. Supernatants from the transfected cells were passaged to naïve MARC-145 cells. After 48 hours postinfection, MARC-145 cells were tested using Type 1 PRRSV specific, anti-Nsp2 MAb ES2 36-19 (Fig. 1B), and a MAb recognizing both genotypes, SDOW 17 (Fig. 1C). A Type 2 PRRSV specific, anti-N MAb MR39 (Fig. 1D) was used as a negative control. The results showed that both Nsp2 and N proteins were detected in MARC-145 cells inoculated with supernatant from transfected BHK-21 cells. Upon further passage in MARC-145 cells (passage 2 on MARC-145 cells), cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed within 48 to 72 hours post- infection. These results indicate that viable and infectious PRRSV was rescued from the cells transfected with in vitro transcribed RNA. The cloned virus from the second MARC-145 cell passage was also passaged on porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM). IFA results confirmed the presence of virus replication in PAM (Fig. 1E and 1F), which indicates that cloned virus possessed the ability, as its parental virus, to replicate not only in MARC-145 cells but also in PAM. The growth properties of the cloned virus were compared with that of parental virus. Results showed that there were no significant differences in growth kinetics and plaque morphology between cloned virus and its parental virus (data not shown).606 confirmed by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) using Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV Nsp2 and and parental SD 01-08 virus, a ScaI restriction enzyme site was engineered into theCONSTRUCTION OF A cDNA INFECTIOUS CLONE OF TYPE 1 PRRSV Figure 1. Rescue and passage of cloned U.S. Type 1 virus, SD 01-08. Picture A, BHK-21C cells transfected with in vitro transcribed RNA from the full-length cDNA clone. Pictures B, C, and D, MARC-145 cells were infected with cloned virus rescued from BHK cells. Cells were fixed and stained with PRRSV specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) at 48 hours post-transfection (or infection). A. Anti-N MAb SDOW17; B. Anti-Nsp2 MAb ES2 36-19 (Type 1 PRRSV specific); C. Anti-N MAb SDOW17; D. Anti-N MAb MR40 (Type 2 PRRSV specific). Pictures E and F, porcine alveolar macrophages were infected with parental virus (E) and cloned virus (F), IFA stained with anti-N MAb SDOW17.In conclusion, we successfully constructed a full-length cDNA infectious clone of a U.S. Type 1 PRRSV. The cloned virus maintained similar in vitro growth properties as that of parental virus. The availability of this U.S. Type 1 infectious clone provides an important research tool to study the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of PRRSV. In conjunction with the traditional North American Type 2 infectious clones,4-7 a new generation of genetically engineered chimeric PRRSV vaccines can be constructed.4. REFERENCES1. Y. Fang, D.-Y. Kim, S. Ropp, P. Steen, J. Christopher-Hennings, E. A. Nelson, and R. R. R. Rowland, Heterogeneity in Nsp2 of European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses isolated in the United States, Virus Res.100, 229-235 (2004).2. S. L. Ropp, C. E. Mahlum Wees, Y. Fang, E. A. Nelson, K. D. Rossow, M. Bien, B. Arndt, S. Preszler, P. Steen, J. Christopher-Hennings, J. E. Collins, D. A. Benfield, and K. S. Faaberg, Characterization of emerging European-like PRRSV isolates in the United States, J. Virol .78, 3684-3703 (2004).3. J. J.Meulenberg, J. N. Bos-de Ruijter, R. Van de Graaf, G. Wensvoort, and M. Moormann, Infectious transcripts from cloned genomic-length cDNA of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, J. Virol .72, 380-387 (1998).4. H. S. Nielsen, G.-P. Liu, J. Nielsen, M. B. Oleksiewicz, A. Bøtner, T. Storgaard, and K. S. Faaberg, Generation of an infectious clone of VR-2332, a highly virulent North American-type isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, J. Virol .77, 3702-3711 (2002).5. J. G. Calvert, M. G. Sheppard, S.-K. W. Welch, Infectious cDNA clone of North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and uses thereof, US Patent 6,500,662 (2002).607 To differentiate cloned virus from the parental virus, we engineered a ScaI restriction enzyme site at nucleotide 42 of ORF7. A 1057- bp RT-PCR fragment derived from the cloned virus was cleaved by ScaI . In contrast, the RT-PCR fragment derived from the parental isolate was not cleaved by ScaI.Y. FANG ET AL. 6086. J. G. Calvert, M. G. Sheppard, S.-K. W. Welch, Infectious cDNA clone of North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and uses thereof, US Patent Application 20030157689 (2003).7. H. M.Truong, Z. Lu, G. Kutish, J. Galeota, F. A. Osorio, and A. K. Pattnaik, A highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus generated from an infectious cDNA clone retains the in vivo markers of virulence and transmissibility characteristics of the parental strain, Virology325, 308-319 (2004).。
分子生物学10-gene libraries

Genomic libraries: made from genomic DNA cDNA libraries: made from cDNA (DNA complementary to mRNA, copy of mRNA)
Genomic Library
A genomic library contains clones of all the genes from a species genome Restriction fragments of a genome can be packaged into phage using about 16 – 20 kb per fragment This fragment size will include the entirety of most eukaryotic genes Once a library is established, it can be used to search for any gene of interest
Low enzyme concentration short digestion time
Sau 3A Sau 3A Sau 3A Sau 3A
粗毛栓菌cDNA文库的构建和漆酶基因的表达分析

ISS N 100727626C N 1123870ΠQ中国生物化学与分子生物学报Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology2009年6月25(6):528~533粗毛栓菌cD NA 文库的构建和漆酶基因的表达分析张希根, 何 川, 张义正3(四川大学生命科学学院,四川省分子生物学与生物技术重点实验室,成都 610064)摘要 粗毛栓菌(Trametes gallic a )能够分泌多种胞外氧化酶并且快速降解木质纤维素.为了快速高效分离鉴定粗毛栓菌木质纤维素降解酶相关基因,用T rizol 试剂提取不同培养条件下粗毛栓菌总RNA ,用CreatorT MS MART T M cDNA Library C onstruction K it 和Advantage○R 2PCR K it 成功构建了该菌全长cDNA 文库.原始文库滴度为115×105cfu ,重组率达99%,插入片段在017~210kb 之间,平均大小约1kb.随机取16个重组子进行测序,全长cDNA 序列完整性率为8517%;并筛选到1个漆酶基因,编码区长1551bp ,预测的蛋白质由517个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为55141kD ,等电点为4176.用半定量RT 2PCR 法分析了该漆酶基因在不同培养条件下的表达水平.结果显示,高浓度的碳源,氮源,Cu 2+均能诱导此基因的表达,该结果为漆酶基因的表达调控机制的深入研究奠定了基础.关键词 粗毛栓菌;cDNA 文库;漆酶;基因表达;反转录PCR 分析中图分类号 Q78Cloning of Laccase G ene from a Constructed cD NALibrary of Trametes gallicaZH ANG X i 2G en ,HE Chuan ,ZH ANG Y i 2Zheng3(College o f Life Sciences ,Sichuan Univer sity ,K ey Laboratory o f Molecular Biology andBiotechnology o f Sichuan Province ,Chengdu 610064,China )Abstract Tramets gallica secrete a series of extracellular oxidases to rapidly degrade lignocellulose.T o studythe relevant lignocellulolytic enzymes under different cultural conditions ,a cDNA library was constructed byusing the S MART (S witching Mechanism At 5′end of RNA T ranscript ,S MART T M )K it and the Advantage ○R 2PCR K it using the total RNA was extracted from T .gallica .Over 99%of 115×105independent clones in the cDNA library contained insertions of 017~210kb.16clones were selected randomly for sequencing and 14of which contained full 2length cDNA sequences ,including a laccase that encodes a protein of 517amino acid residues with m olecular weight 55141kD and pI 4176.The expression levels of the laccase in different culture conditions was analyzed by semi 2quantitative RT 2PCR.The result dem onstrated that the gene expression wasinduced by high concentrations of carbon ,nitrogen s ource and Cu 2+.This laccase 2expressing construct appeared to be useful for further studies of the enzyme expression regulations.K ey w ords Trametes gallica ;cDNA library ;laccase ;gene expression ;RT 2PCR analysis收稿日期:2009201210;接受日期:2009203218国家自然科学基金资助项目(N o.30470984)3联系人 T el :028*********;E 2mail :yizzhang @Received :January 10,2009;Accepted :M arch 18,2009Supported by National Natural Science F oundation of China (N o.30470984)3C orres ponding auth or T el :028*********;E 2m ail :yizzhang @ 栓菌(Trametes )是一类能有效地降解木质纤维素及多种难降解的苯酚类有机物的丝状真菌,它能用于研究植物生物质利用和自然界有机污染物的生物治理[1~4].粗毛栓菌HT C (T .gallica HT C )是一株可分泌20余种漆酶的白腐丝状真菌,比其它许多真菌,如香菇(Lentinula )、平革菌(Phanerochaete )、侧耳菌(Pleurotus )等能更有效地降解木质素,并具有很高的木质纤维素降解酶活性,可作为生物制浆、纸浆漂白、环境保护等方面的工业生产理想候选菌[5~7].虽然目前对T .gallica HT C 的基因工程研究取得了一些进展,但多限于对木质纤维素降解酶基因的克隆等,其研究水平与其他真菌相比,还存在着很大的差距[8~10].构建在不同培养条件下生长的T .gallica HT C 全长cDNA 文库是克隆相关基因并研究其生物学特性的基础.因此,本室用在不同生长条件下的T.gallica HT C制备RNA,用S MART技术,构建了全长cDNA文库,为分离新的全长序列的功能基因,对T.gallica HT C木质纤维素降解酶基因的特异表达及其应用等研究奠定基础.漆酶(laccase,EC11101312,Lac)是一种具有多个铜原子的含糖氧化酶,广泛分布于动植物和微生物中,其中真菌Lac被认为参与了腐木中木质素的降解22自然界碳循环的重要步骤.Lac被广泛用于生物制浆、漂白或用于降解污水中的酚类有毒物以及化合物的改造;利用木质素生产有用化合物,制造生物电极等,因而具有极大的工业应用价值[11~14].真菌Lac多为同工酶家族,通常由不同的基因家族所编码,而编码各种Lac同工酶的基因的表达调控又受到其菌株培养条件的影响[15~17].本实验室曾从T.gallica HT C中分离纯化出多种Lac同工酶,但对其表达调控机制仍知之甚少.本实验从T.gallica HT C的cDNA文库中成功地筛选到1个新Lac基因,通过半定量RT2PCR方法对该基因的表达模式进行了初步分析,为进一步筛选其它Lac同工酶基因以及对此类基因家族的表达分析提供了重要依据.1 材料和方法111 材料粗毛栓菌HT C(T.gallica HT C)由山东菏泽师范学院孙迅教授提供,4℃保存于PDA培养基中.该系列培养基由K irk基本培养基[18]改进而来,每种培养基(L)都含有2g K H2PO4,015g MgS O4・7H2O,011 g CaCl2和100ml微量元素溶液.微量元素溶液(L): 3g MgS O4・7H2O,015g MnS O4,1g NaCl,011g FeS O4・7H2O,011g C oCl2,011g ZnS O4・7H2O,011g CuS O4・5H2O,0101g K Al(S O4)2・12H2O,0101g H3BO3,0101g Na2M oO4・2H2O,115g氮三乙酸(NT A).在上述营养盐液中设计高碳高氮、高碳低氮、低碳高氮、低碳低氮4种营养组合条件:其中氮营养(酒石酸铵)浓度为214mm olΠL,定为低氮;碳营养(葡萄糖)浓度为1010gΠL,定为高碳,在此基础上分别设置了高氮,其浓度为24mm olΠL;低碳,葡萄糖浓度110gΠL;其中CuS O4浓度为200μm olΠL.另外,设置6种不同铜离子含量的培养基:用24mm olΠL酒石酸铵作为氮源,1%葡萄糖作为碳源,CuS O4浓度分别为:0、015、5、50、100、200μm olΠL.总RNA抽提T rizol试剂、M2M LV Reverse T ranscriptase购自Invitrogen公司,文库构建试剂盒Creator T M S MART T M cDNA Library C onstruction K it与Advantage○R2PCR K it购自Clontech公司Taq聚合酶购自T aK aRa公司,其余试剂均为分析纯或化学纯. 112 T.gallica HTC培养将T.gallica HT C接种于PDA培养基斜面, 28℃下活化培养;然后转接在PDA平板培养5~7 d,待菌丝长满整个平板后,用打孔器制成直径为12 mm的菌塞,接种于改进的K irk基本培养基中,250 ml三角瓶,每瓶25ml培养基液体,pH510,定量接种1个菌塞,振荡(120rΠmin,28℃)培养12~14d.113 总RNA提取收集T.gallica HT C菌体,立即在液氮中速冻,再放置-80℃保存.将011g样品放入研钵中,加液氮速冻研磨成粉末状后,加入装有1ml T rizol试剂的离心管里,按T rizol试剂说明书进行操作抽提RNA.使用紫外分析仪检测其浓度,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其完整性.114 双链cDNA的合成按Creator T M S MART T M cDNA Library C onstruction K it说明书中严格进行操作.在5μl反应体系中依次加入110μg poly(A)+RNA、10μm olΠL S MRART I V Olig o(5′2AAG CAG TGGT AT CAACG CAG A GTGG CC2 ATT ACGG CCGGG23′)1μl、C DSⅢΠ3′PCR引物5′2AT2 TCT AG AGG CC G AGG CG G CCG AC ATG2d(T)30N-1N2 3′(N=A,G,C or T;N-1=A,G,or C)1μl,用无RNase水补到5μl.72℃2min后向反应液中加入5×第一链反应缓冲液2μl及20mm olΠL DTT、10mm olΠL dNTP混合液1μl、P owerScript逆转录酶各1μl,于42℃孵育60 min,置于冰浴中终止反应,于-20℃保存或直接进行PCR扩增.引物为5′PCR引物(5′2AAG CAGTGG2 T ATCAACG CAG AGT23′)、C DSⅢΠ3PCR引物.循环条件为:首先把PCR仪预热到95℃,再95℃1min, 25个循环:95℃15s,68℃6min.115 cDNA分级分离纯化及文库构建合成的双链cDNA经S fiⅠ酶切后再经CHROMA SPI N2400柱层析分级分离,共收集14管,每管约40μl,然后分别从每管中取4μl经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,收集大于015kb的cDNA片段,沉淀后重悬在7μl去离子水中,在T4DNA连接酶作用下,与质粒载体pDNR2LI B(经SfiⅠ酶处理过)于16℃下连接16 h.连接产物转化感受态细胞大肠杆菌JM109.925第6期张希根等:粗毛栓菌cDNA文库的构建和漆酶基因的表达分析 116 文库质量鉴定和扩增取适量原始文库菌液,稀释100倍、1000倍后取10μl均匀地涂在含30μgΠml氯霉素的LB平板上,每个倍数设3个重复.文库滴度公式pfuΠml=菌落数×稀释倍数×103Π稀释的菌体铺板μl数,文库总库容量=文库滴度×总体积数(ml).随机挑取17个克隆,提取质粒经SfiⅠ酶切后电泳检测,可测定其重组率及重组片段的大小.取适量原始文库(115×105重组子)均匀地涂在10个含30μgΠml氯霉素的LB平板上(150mm),37℃倒置培养16~18h,用5 ml含有25%甘油LB培养基洗脱每个平板所有的菌落,将每板的菌液混合即得到了扩增文库,检测文库滴度,分装,放置-80℃保存.117 DNA测序和序列分析随机选取含重组克隆的菌落经过夜培养后,送北京三博远志生物技术有限责任公司测序,在NC BI 上网站中的G enBank内对测得的DNA序列进行比对,并分析其结果.118 Lac基因的表达分析用半定量RT2PCR分析T.gallica HT C中Lac基因在不同培养条件下的相对表达水平.设计一对特异引物:FP:5′2ATGG CCAGGTTCCAGTCTCTCC23′, RP:5′2CTGGTCGTCAGG CG AG AG CG23′,分别以不同cDNA作为模板,目的产物长度为1551bp.PCR反应程序:在25μl反应体系中依次加入模板DNA约10 ng,10×T aq缓冲液215μl,215mm olΠL dNTP2μl,10 mm olΠL上下游引物各1μl,Taq DNA聚合酶1U.在BI O2RAD公司生产的扩增仪上进行PCR扩增.反应条件为94℃预变性4min,每次循环94℃变性30s, 62℃退火30s,72℃延伸2min,共30次循环,最后72℃再延伸10min.以T.gallica HT C中组成型表达的三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(Gpd)为内参,设计扩增Gpd基因的特异引物:FP:5′2CGT ATCGTCCTC C2 GT AATG C23′,RP:5′2ACTCGTTGTCGT ACCAGG AG2 3′,扩增产物长度为907bp,PCR反应程序同上,但将循环数减少到20.将PCR产物电泳后拍照,在AlphaImager软件上进行光密度扫描分析.2 结果211 双链cDNA的合成与分级利用T rizol法提取的T.gallica HT C菌丝体总RNA经紫外分光光度计测定,A260ΠA280值为1193,所得总RNA纯度较高,符合建库要求.合成的双链cDNA产物经110%琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示,不同大小的cDNA成一弥散带,最大片段超过310kb,主要集中在015~210kb(Fig.1),表明合成的cDNA是比较完整的.合成产物用SfiⅠ完全酶切后过CHROMA SPI N2400柱分级分离,根据111%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测结果,合并合适大小片段的收集管样品(5~7管),乙醇沉淀,重悬于ddH2O中.Fig.1 E lectrophoresis analysis of synthesized ds2cDNA of Trametes gallica HTC M:D L15000DNA marker;1: Agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the synthesized ds2cDNA synthesized by LD2PCR,appeared mainly as the size of015~210kb212 cDNA文库的构建文库构建过程中cDNA和pDNR2LI B载体的连接比例决定了连接效率,设计3种cDNA片段与质粒体积比为015∶1、1∶1、115∶1.结果表明,比例为115∶1时,产生重组体的效率最高.将所有的cDNA 与载体连接后电击转化大肠杆菌JM109感受态细胞,电击条件是215kV,25μF,300Ω.将所有转化细胞合并,涂平板检测,该文库滴度为115×105cfu.随机挑取17个克隆,提取质粒经SfiⅠ酶切后电泳.结果表明,每个克隆均有插入片段,重组率>99%,插入片段大小大多在017~210kb间,平均大小1kb 左右(Fig.2).扩增文库的总容量达到312×109,适合长期保存.213 漆酶cDNA序列分析从T.gallica HT C的cDNA文库中随机挑选16个阳性克隆测序,同时对序列进行全长分析.有14条序列具有相关同源信息,除T g02,T g09两序列外,其余12条均为完整编码cDNA序列,长度为016~1165kb,完整性比率为8517%.这些同源基因包括酶类、结构蛋白、信号传导因子等(T able1).其中T g13序列与Lac基因具有非常高的同源性,命名为Tg Lac1.序列分析表明,ORF编码1个由517个氨基酸组成的蛋白,预测分子量为55141kD,等电点为035中国生物化学与分子生物学报25卷Fig.2 E lectrophoresis analysis of cDNA clones digested with SfiⅠ M:λEco T14DNA marker;1~17:Sam ples of recombinant clones.All of17recombinant clongs were digested by SfiⅠfrom recombinant clones picked at random and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.The average size of inserted fragments was approximately110kb.The m ost inserts were over015kb4176,已登录G enBank(登录号F J598130).将此蛋白序列与其它真菌中已报道的Lac进行多序列比对,再利用MEG A410软件采用邻接法构建系统进化树(Fig.3).结果表明,Tg Lac1与T.sp.C230,T.trogii 产生的Lac同源性达95%,与G.tusgae产生的Lac 同源性较低,为69%.T able1 List of some cDNA fragments comp ared with sequence from G enB ankClone number Putative function LengthΠbp C om pared species Identity(%) T g01Ribos omal protein759Laccaria bicolor S238N2H8265T g02Argininosuccinate synthetase813Coprinopsis cinerea okayama7#13078T g03Alpha2tubulin1254Coprinopsis cinerea okayama7#13080T g04Phosphatidylinositol32kinase1271Coprinopsis cinerea okayama7#13072T g05Hypothetical protein591Laccaria bicolor S238N2H8271T g06G lycoside hydrolase family16protein1560Laccaria bicolor S238N2H8280T g07M itochondrial ribos omal protein894Laccaria bicolor S238N2H8267T g08ATP synthase A chain subunit9760Pleurotus ostreatus95T g09G lycoside hydrolase1620Legionella pneumophila str.Lens24T g10Heat shock protein603Laccaria bicolor S238N2H8253T g11Cytochrome P450oxidoreductase848Trametes ver sicolor87T g12Hypothetical protein732Cryptococcus neo formans var.neo formans J EC2155T g13Laccase1554Trametes sp.C3095T g14Hydrophobin2603Lentinula edodes41Fig.3 Phylogenetic relationship betw een laccase amino acid sequences of different fungi Analysis of hom ology tree from several kinds of laccase amino acid sequences was per formed by using MEG A410.Bootstrap percentage values were shown at nodes,G enBank register numbers were in the right.The Tg Lac was highly conserved to T.sp.C230and T.trogii(95%indentity as a whole),but only69%indentity to G.tsugac 135第6期张希根等:粗毛栓菌cDNA文库的构建和漆酶基因的表达分析 214 Lac 基因的表达分析半定量RT 2PCR 分析T .gallica 在不同培养条件下Tg Lac 1的转录水平.结果(Fig.4)表明,在碳氮组合培养条件时,当碳源、氮源在较高浓度培养条件下,Tg Lac 1转录水平明显增加;当氮浓度不变时,高碳比低碳条件下的Tg Lac 1转录水平增加不到2倍,而当碳浓度不变时,高氮比低氮条件下的Tg Lac 1转录水平却增加了3~5倍.在不同Cu 2+培养条件时,当不加CuS O 4时,Tg Lac 1的转录水平几乎为零;但随着CuS O 4浓度的提高,伴随着Tg Lac 1转录水平相应的提高,在Cu 2+浓度为200μm ol ΠL 时,Tg Lac 1的转录水平比Cu 2+浓度为015μm ol ΠL 时增加了4倍.Fig.4 Expression of TgLac 1under different concentrations of carbon 2nitrogen (A)and Cu 2+(B) The higher m olecular weight band in each case represented the level of Tg Lac 1transcripts present.The lower m olecular weight band represented the TgGpd fragment am plified as an internal PCR control.T ΠC :Expression ratio of Tg Lac 1to TgGpd control.1:Nitrogen 2and carbon 2limited media ;2:Nitrogen 2su fficient and carbon 2limited media ;3:Nitrogen 2limited and carbon 2su fficient media ;4:Nitrogen 2and carbon 2su fficient media3 讨论311 高质量cDNA 文库的构建策略及评价发现和确证新基因的功能的关键在于获取尽可能多的全长cDNA.构建T .gallica HT C 的全长cDNA 文库,极大地方便了T .gallica HT C 新功能基因的筛选工作,是进一步进行T .gallica 木质纤维素降解酶相关基因克隆和鉴定的重要基础.完成高质量cDNA 文库的构建,首先需要分离到高质量的总RNA ,并且mRNA 种类越多,cDNA 文库就越完整[19].由于存在一些不同生长发育时期和不同生长条件下特异表达的重要基因,本室选取了不同培养条件下的T .gallica HT C ,经分别对木质纤维素酶酶活的测定分析,在12~14d 正是mRNA 转录和表达最为旺盛的时期.为了重点研究木质纤维素酶的生产条件以及表达调控机制,分别选取了不同生长状况下的T .gallica HT C 菌丝体,用T rizol 试剂提取法抽提总RNA ,直接混合建库,这样避免了在mRNA 分离和纯化中所造成的RNA 丢失.为了高效和大规模地获得全长基因序列,并实现对低丰度mRNA 基因的克隆,本室采用了S MART 技术[20]来构建cDNA 文库.此方法保证PCR 扩增出来的为全长cDNA.同时将cDNA 片段进行分级分离,除去其中的小片段(小于500bp ),增加了大片段插入到载体中的几率,提高文库的质量.评价一个cDNA 文库的质量,主要是看该cDNA 文库的库容量和插入的cDNA 片段长度.通过以上措施使本室所构建的文库具较好的代表性和完整性.经鉴定,cDNA 克隆重组率为99%,文库库容量为312×109,而插入片段长度多分布于700~2000bp 之间.测序验证部分插入cDNA 全序列,经生物信息学分析,序列完整性比例为8517%.已测的基因包含了多种参与生理过程的重要功能基因,在T .gallica HT C 中均为首次报道,更值得一提的是,它们中有许多具有完整的开放阅读框,跟其他物种的序列同源性很低或无同源性,提示它们极有可能是T .gallica HT C 中的特有基因,对这些基因的深入研究,可为将来揭示T .gallica HT C 生长过程的分子机制和发育进化中的特殊地位提供物质基础.T .gallica HT C 全长cDNA 文库的成功构建,为后续的235中国生物化学与分子生物学报25卷大规模测序,以及全长新基因的克隆和功能研究奠定了坚实的基础.312 漆酶基因的表达由于T.gallica HT C中降解木质纤维素酶系统的复杂性以及编码它们的基因的复杂性和它们在染色体上的连锁关系,木质纤维素降解酶基因的转录表达以及它们在木质纤维素降解中的作用方式并不清晰.T.gallica HT C作为高产Lac菌株,有必要开展此类基因在不同的培养条件下的转录应答分析,以确定它对不同的营养因子的转录应答和它们在降解天然木质纤维素的作用模式.本实验从cDNA文库中成功地筛选到1个Lac基因,与对应的Tg Lac1在T.gallica HT C中的转录水平相对较高.用半定量RT2PCR方法初步分析了T.gallica HT C在4种碳源与氮源营养组合以及不同Cu2+浓度培养基培养12~14d时Tg Lac1的表达,确定不同营养因子对其表达的影响.结果显示酒石酸铵、葡萄糖、Cu2+浓度对Tg Lac1表达影响十分显著.当浓度提高时,Tg Lac1的转录水平相应提高,这表明该基因在转录水平上受到碳源、氮源、Cu2+的诱导表达调控;对Tg Lac1而言,氮源、Cu2+浓度对其表达调控的影响比碳源要更大.由此可见,Lac的表达与菌株的培养条件有很重要的关系,同时为进一步分析T.gallica HT C中Lac 同工酶基因与其它木质纤维素酶基因特异表达及其表达调控机制等提供了重要依据.参考文献(R eferences)[1] Raghukumar C,D’S ouza2T iclo D,Verma A K.T reatment of coloredeffluents with lignin2degrading 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利用DSN和SMARTTM技术构建绿僵菌产孢时期均一化全长cDNA文库

农业生物技术学报 Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 2007,15(5):884~887*基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (No.30170630) 和重庆市重点自然科学基金(No.8564)资助。
**通讯作者。
Author for correspondence.教授, 主要从事病原真菌与寄主昆虫之间相互作用的分子机理研究以及杀虫真菌农药研制。
EMail:<Yuxianxia@>. 收稿日期:20070109 接受日期: 20070315 ·研究论文· 利用 DSN 和 SMART TM技术构建金龟子绿僵菌产孢时期均一化全长cDNA 文库 *张石柱,王中康,彭国雄, 曹月青,殷幼平,谢 磊,刘 静,夏玉先 **(重庆大学生物工程学院基因工程研究中心,重庆市杀虫真菌农药工程技术研究中心, 功能基因及调控技术重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400030) 摘要: 为高效获得与绿僵菌产孢相关的全长 cDNA , 采用 DSN (duplexspecific nuclease ) 均一化技术与 SMARTTM(switching mechanism at 5忆 end of RNA transcript) 建库技术相结合的方法,构建了杀虫真菌金龟子绿僵菌( var.)菌株 CQMa102产孢时期的均一化全长 cDNA 文库。
经检测, 原始文库滴度为2.1伊 10 6 cfu/mL , 库容量超过6伊 10 6。
随机挑取 100个克隆,PCR 方法测得文库重组率大于95%,插入片段平均长度1500bp 。
小规模测序分析表明, 全长基因的比例 超过60%。
对组成性表达基因 3磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶 和微管蛋白 均一化前后丰度检测表明, 其丰度均有大幅度的下降,基本满足节约筛库的要求。
一种构建全长cDNA文库的方法

自 20 世 纪 70 年 代 中 期 首 例 cDNA 克 隆 问 世 以 来 , 已 经 发 展 了 许多 旨 在 提 高 cDNA 合 成 效 率 和 长 度 的 方 法 , 并 对载管该系统在载体的设计方面 非常成熟, 然而, 该系统构建过 价 值 。 传 统 cDNA 文 库 构 建 方 法 由 于 反 转 录 能 力 差 , cDNA 内切酶位点保护不彻经不能适 应 目 前 大 规 模 、高 通 量 、高 效 的 功 能 基 因 组 研 究 需 要 。因 此 , 寻找一种此, 笔者以人胎盘组织为材 料, 研究了一种以 LD!PCR 为基础的简人胎盘组织, JG45 质粒和 E.coli JM109 菌株, 由 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院实验室保存; M!MLV 反转 录酶, SfiⅠ限制性内切酶, Pyrobest DNA 聚合酶, T4 ligase 及 DEPC, 购自大连宝生物公司; 质粒小量快速提取试剂盒, PCR 产 物 纯 化 试 剂 盒 , 购 自 Bio!Dev 公 司 ; Trizol, 购 自 Invitrogen 公 司 ; 引物 合 成 和 测 序 , 由 上 海 invitrogen 生 物 公 司公司完成; 其余试剂均为国产分析纯。引物序列为:
Study on Full Length cDNA Libr ar y Constr uction LIU Hong!jun et al (College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&.F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100) Abstr act A simple method of full length cDNA library construction based on long!distance PCR was established. Total RNA from the human placenta tissues were isolated, and the first cDNA was synthesized through RT!PCR with the help of M!MLV reverse enzyme. Then double strand cDNA (ds!cDNA) with the restriction sites of SfiⅠ was synthesized through LD!PCR (Long!distance!PCR) and ligated into the JG45 vector with the restriction sites of Sfi I. Recombinant vectors were transformed into E.coli JM109 and then amplified. Then qualities of the cDNA library were analyzed. The average capacities of the cDNA library was about 7.01×105 clones per μg ds!cDNA with recombinant rate of 96%. Among the 80 detected randomly selected cDNA clones, no repetitive sequence was found. cDNA library constructed with this method was suitable for functional gene analysis. Key wor ds Full length cDNA; Longdistance!PCR; Method of cDNA library constru分别为 和 5.73×10μg ds DNA, 通过酶切鉴定 cD kb, 在 100 个随机提取的质粒 中 仅图见图 3。