Stomach Epidermis Tumor Cell Matching Based on SIFT
《2023年急性非静脉曲张性下消化道出血指南》正式公开英文版
《2023年急性非静脉曲张性下消化道出血指南》正式公开英文版2023 Acute Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Guidelines Official ReleaseIntroductionAcute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. These guidelines aim to provide healthcare professionals with updated recommendations for managing this condition effectively.DiagnosisInitial assessment includes a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and should be performed within 24 hours of presentation. Risk stratification tools such as the Rockall or Blatchford score can help guide management decisions.TreatmentInitial resuscitation with intravenous fluids and blood products is crucial to stabilize the patient. Proton pump inhibitors should be initiated early to reduce acid secretion and promote ulcer healing. Endoscopic therapy, including injection sclerotherapy or thermal coagulation, may be necessary to control active bleeding. Surgery or interventional radiology should be considered in cases of refractory bleeding.Monitoring and Follow-UpPatients should be closely monitored for signs of rebleeding, such as a drop in hemoglobin levels or hematemesis. Repeat endoscopy may be necessary to assess the effectiveness of initial treatment. Long-term management should focus on preventing recurrent bleeding through lifestyle modifications and medication adherence.ConclusionThese guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the management of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Healthcare professionals should familiarize themselves with theseguidelines to ensure optimal outcomes for patients presenting with this condition.For more detailed information and specific recommendations, please refer to the complete guidelines document. Thank you for your attention to this important topic.。
tumor maker
SCC是最早用于诊断鳞癌的肿瘤标志物，其 中子宫颈癌阳性率较高。
肺鳞癌 39％～78％
头颈部癌 34％～78％
食道癌 30％～39％ SCC阳性率
子宫颈癌 45％～83％
蛋白类标记物
前列腺特异性抗原(PSA) 游离PSA(f-PSA) 铁蛋白（ Ferritin，SF或Fer） β2微球蛋白（β2-microglobulin，β2-MG）
PSA
PSA对前列腺癌具有高度的特异性，PSA测定对包 膜内癌的敏感性为70％、转移癌为100％ 前列腺肥大、前列腺息肉、前列腺炎时PSA也可 轻度升高 f-PSA和t-PSA的比例具有重要的诊断价值。血清 中f-PSA/t-PSA比值为0.15可作为前列腺肥大和前 列腺癌的鉴别临界点，比值<0.15时前列腺癌的可 能性较大。临床上常用血清中f-PSA/t-PSA的比值 来鉴别良、恶性前列腺肿瘤 临床分期和预后的判断 监测前列腺癌的复发
用 途
肿瘤的早期发现
肿瘤筛查 肿瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断与分期 肿瘤疗效的检测
肿瘤复发的指标
肿瘤的预后判断
按肿瘤标记物本身的性质分类
胚胎抗原
蛋白类标记物 糖类标记物
酶类标记物
激素类标记物
基因类标记物
其他肿瘤标记物
胚胎抗原
癌胚抗原（CEA）
carcinoembryonic antigen
常见癌症的多肿瘤标志物检测组合 （二）
癌症名称 卵巢癌 外阴和阴道癌 子宫颈癌 子宫内膜癌 前列腺癌 睾丸癌 可疑癌症
肿瘤标志物组合 CA-125、CEA 、AFP SCC、CEA SCC、CEA、CYFRA21-1 CA-125、CEA fPSA、PSA -HCG、AFP 肿瘤标志物全套
骨肿瘤十四大分类
五、造血系统肿瘤（Haematopoietic neoplasm）
（1）恶性 （Malignant） 1.1、浆细胞骨髓瘤（Plasma cell myeloma） 1.2、（骨的）孤立性浆细胞瘤（Solitary plasmacytoma of bone） 1.3、（骨的）原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of bone）
（1）良性 （Benign） 1.1、单纯性骨囊肿（Simple bone cyst） 1.2、纤维结构不良【纤维异常增值症】（Fibrous dysplasia） 1.3、骨的纤维结构不良（Osteofibrous dysplasia） 1.4、软骨间叶性错构瘤（Chondromesenchymal hamartoma）
此病好发于关节，尤以膝、髋、肘、肩关节多见，掌指和指间关节滑囊及腱鞘偶有发生，多为单侧发病
十四、肿瘤综合征（Tumor syndromes）
1、Bechwith-Wiedmann 综合征（Bechwith-wiedemann syndrome） 2、家族性巨颌症（Cherubism） 3、内生软骨瘤病（Enchondromatosis） 3.1、Ollier病（Ollier disease） 3.2、Maffucci病（Maffucci syndrome）
二、骨源性肿瘤（Osteogenic tumors）
（1）良性 （Benign） 1.1、骨瘤（Osteoma） 1.2、骨样骨瘤（Osteoid osteoma） （2）中间型-局部侵袭型（Intermediate） 2.1、骨母细胞瘤（Osteoblastoma）
gastrointestina terminologyl医学英语
History of present illness
On May 19, 2008 she had an episode of severe epigastric pain after drinking water, then she went to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University. There, the plain abdominal radiograph showed "obvious gas accumulation in bowels", abdominal CT showed "significant dilation of right colon, stricture in the middle of transverse colon is considered”. He was given antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory agent. The symptoms were partially relieved and she was discharged.
Teeth Dent/o --- dentist Odont/o --- orthodontist Gum Gingiv/o --- gingivitis Esophagus Esophag/o --- esophagoscope Stomach Gastr/o --- gastroscopy Pharynx Pharyng/o --- pharyngitis Pylorus Pylor/o --- pylorotomy
Through Dia- — diarrhea Bad,painful Dys- — dystrophy Excessive Hyper- --- hyperemesis Around Perianal Under, below Sublingual
与肠道屏障损伤有关的细胞试验指标
一、背景介绍肠道屏障是由肠黏膜的上皮细胞和黏膜下层结缔组织构成的，它具有阻止有害物质进入体内、维持肠道内稳定微环境的功能。
当肠道屏障功能受损时，可能导致肠道菌裙失调、慢性炎症、自身免疫性疾病等疾病的发生。
研究肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标对于预防和治疗相关疾病具有重要意义。
二、肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标1. 紧密连接蛋白（tight junction protein）：紧密连接蛋白是肠道上皮细胞之间重要的黏附蛋白，能够维持肠黏膜屏障的完整性。
研究表明，一些疾病状态下紧密连接蛋白的表达受到影响，导致肠道屏障功能受损。
2. 上皮细胞脱离和凋亡（epithelial cell shedding and apoptosis）：肠道上皮细胞的脱离和凋亡是肠道屏障损伤的重要标志，一些炎症因子和细菌毒素能够诱导上皮细胞脱离和凋亡，从而损害肠道屏障功能。
3. 粘膜免疫和炎症因子（mucosal immunity and inflammatory cytokines）：肠道黏膜免疫系统是维护肠道屏障稳定的重要组成部分，炎症因子的异常分泌可能导致肠道屏障功能受损。
4. 黏膜屏障通透性（mucosal barrier permeability）：肠道屏障通透性的增加是肠道屏障功能受损的主要特征之一，通过测量黏膜屏障通透性指标可以评估肠道屏障的健康状况。
5. 肠道菌裙失调（intestinal dysbiosis）：肠道屏障的健康与肠道微生态的平衡密切相关，一些研究表明肠道菌裙失调会导致肠道屏障功能受损。
三、肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标与临床意义1. 早期预警和诊断：通过测量肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标，可以及早发现肠道屏障的损伤，为相关疾病的早期预警和诊断提供重要依据。
2. 治疗策略制定：了解肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标可以为相关疾病的治疗策略制定提供依据，例如针对上述指标的调节可能成为治疗策略的重要环节。
3. 新药研发：肠道屏障损伤的细胞试验指标可作为新药研发的重要参考，验证新药对肠道屏障功能的影响。
组织学与胚胎学中英文对照
英文对照第二章上皮组织上皮组织:epithelial tissue 简称上皮:epithelial极性:polarity被覆上皮:covering epithelium 腺上皮:glandular epithelium单层扁平上皮:simple squamous epithelium内皮:endothelium 间皮:mesothelium单层立方上皮:simple cuboidal epithelium单层柱状上皮:simple columnar epithelium黏原颗粒:mucinogen granule假复层纤毛柱状上皮:pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 复层扁平上皮:stratified squamous epithelium复层柱状上皮:stratified columnar epithelium变移上皮:transitional epithelium 导管:duct外分泌腺:exocrine gland 内分泌腺:endocrine gland腺泡:acinus 酶原颗粒:zymogen granule黏液性细胞:mucous cell 浆液性细胞:serous cell微绒毛:microvillus 纹状缘:striated border终末网:terminal web 纤毛:cilium动力蛋白:dynein 基体:basal body细胞连接:cell junction 紧密连接:tight junction黏合带:adhesion belt 钙黏蛋白:cadherin锚定蛋白:anchor protein 桥粒:desmosome桥粒斑:desmosomal plaque 缝隙连接:gap junction(又称通讯连接:communication junction)连接蛋白:connexon 连接复合体:junctional complex基膜:basement membrane 基板:basal lamina网板:reticular lamina 致密层:lamina densa质膜内褶:plasma membrane infolding 半桥粒:hemidesmosome第三章结缔组织结缔组织:connective tissue 间充质:mesenchyme间充质细胞:mesenchymal cell 疏松结缔组织:loose connective tissue纤维细胞:fibrocyte 巨噬细胞:macrophage(又称组织细胞:histocyte)趋化性:chemotaxis 趋化因子:chemotactic factor吞噬作用:phagocytosis 多核巨噬细胞:multinuclear giant cell抗原:antigen 抗原呈递细胞:antigen presenting cell溶菌酶:lysozyme 补体:complement白介素1:interleukin-1 浆细胞:plasma cell免疫球蛋白:immunoglobulin 抗体:antibody肥大细胞:mast cell 组胺:histamine白三烯:leukotriene 肝素:heparin脂肪细胞:adipocyte、fat cell 白细胞:leukocyte胶原纤维:collagen fiber 胶原原纤维:collagen fibril 弹性纤维:elastic fiber 弹性蛋白:elastin微原纤维:microfibril 原纤维蛋白:fibrillin网状纤维:reticular fiber 基质:ground substance蛋白聚糖:proteoglycan 氨基聚糖:glycosaminoglycan纤维粘连蛋白:fibronectin 组织液:tissue fluid致密结缔组织:dense connective tissue 键细胞:tenocyte 不规则致密结缔组织:dense irregular connective tissue 脂肪组织:adipose tissue第四章血液血液:blood 淋巴:lymph红细胞:erythrocyte (red blood cell) 血红蛋白:hemoglobin,Hb 血影蛋白:spectrin 溶血:hemolysis血影:erythrocyte ghost 网织红细胞:reticulocyte白细胞:leukocyte (white blood cell) 中心粒细胞:neutrophil嗜天青颗粒:azurophilic granule 吞噬素:phagocytin(又称防御素:defensin) 嗜碱性颗粒:basophil 嗜酸性颗粒:eosinophil单核细胞:monocyte 淋巴细胞:lymphocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞:thymus dependent lymphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞:bone marrow dependent lymphocyte自然杀伤细胞:nature killer cell 血小板:blood platelet血小板源性生长因子:platelet derived growth factor , PDGF凝血酶敏感蛋白:thrombospondin第五章软骨和骨软骨:cartilage 软骨组织:cartilage tissue骨祖细胞:osteoprogenitor cell 成软骨细胞:chondroblast软骨细胞:chondrocyte 软骨陷窝:cartilage lacunae同源细胞群:isogenous group 软骨基质:cartilage matrix软骨囊:cartilage capsule 软骨膜:perichondrium透明软骨:hyaline cartilage 弹性软骨:elastic cartilage纤维软骨:fibrous cartilage 骨组织:osseous tissue骨基质:bone matrix 骨盐:bone salt羟基磷灰石结晶:hydroxyapatite crystal类骨质:osteoid 编织骨:woven bone板层骨:lamellar bone 骨板:bone lamella密质骨:compact bone 松质骨:spongy bone成骨细胞:osteoblast 基质小泡:matrix vesicle骨被覆细胞:bone lining cell 破骨细胞:osteoclast穿通管:perforating canal 环骨板:circumferential lamellae 哈弗斯系统:Haversian system 骨单位:osteon中央管:central canal 间骨板:interstitial lamellae黏合线:cement line 骨外膜:periosteum骨内膜:endosteum 滑膜:synovial membrane滑膜细胞:synovial cell 关节腔:articular cavity滑液:synovial fluid。
结直肠癌相关英文词汇
83.The goal of treatment depends on the stage of disease 治疗目标由疾病的分期决定
84.Stages I, II, and III are potentially curable I、II、III 期病人是潜在可治愈的人群
85.the intent is to eradicate micrometastatic disease. 治疗的目标是根除微转移
86.Twenty to thirty percent of patients with metastatic disease may be cured if their metastases are resectable 如果转移灶可切除的话，20%-30%肿瘤转 移的病人可获得治愈。
63.identifying metastatic or recurrent disease in patients with rising CEA levels CEA 持续升高的患者，确定是否存在转移 或复发
64.Stage of colorectal cancer should be determined at diagnosis 结直肠癌确诊时应做分期检查
28.average-risk individuals 中风险人群
43.personal and family history 个人史和家族史
29.annual occult fecal blood testing 粪便隐血检查
44.physical examination 体格检查
30.Signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer 结直肠癌的体征和症状
医学英语消化系统疾病总结
医学英语消化系统疾病总结English Answer:Gastrointestinal Disorders.Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are a group ofconditions that affect the digestive system, which is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. These disorders can range from minor and self-limiting to severe and life-threatening.Common GI Disorders.Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburnand inflammation.Peptic ulcer disease: Sores develop in the lining ofthe stomach or duodenum (first part of the small intestine).Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A chronic condition that causes inflammation and damage to the digestive tract. Types of IBD include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): A common functional GI disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation.Celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder in which the body reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley, by damaging the small intestine.Diverticular disease: Small pouches (diverticula) form in the colon, which can become inflamed or infected.Colorectal cancer: A cancer that starts in the colonor rectum.Symptoms of GI Disorders.The symptoms of GI disorders vary depending on the specific condition, but some common symptoms include:Abdominal pain.Diarrhea.Constipation.Bloating.Nausea.Vomiting.Heartburn.Indigestion.Weight loss.Fatigue.Diagnosis and Treatment of GI Disorders.The diagnosis of GI disorders typically involves a physical exam, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, or imaging studies. Treatment depends on the specific disorder and may include medications, lifestyle changes, or surgery.Prevention of GI Disorders.Some GI disorders, such as colorectal cancer, can be prevented or reduced in risk by:Maintaining a healthy diet.Exercising regularly.Avoiding smoking.Limiting alcohol consumption.Getting vaccinated against certain infections.中文回答：消化系统疾病概述。