North Ireland
英国地理知识
Neagh lough is the largest lake iN Britain, which is located in Northern Ireland. 内伊湖是英国最大的湖，位于北爱尔兰。
爱丁堡 :Edinburgh
Hale Waihona Puke WalesWales lies in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部。 首府：加迪的夫
NortherN Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast 北爱尔兰是英国第四各区域。 首府：贝尔法斯特
The UK
The Great Britain
Scotland
The Northern Ireland
England
England is in the southen part of
Great Britain. It is the largest,
most popular section.
英格兰位于大不列英颠南格部兰，(是英语:England)， 面积最大，人口最稠是密大的不地区列。颠及北爱尔
兰联合王国的主体， 因此习惯上英格兰一
词也泛指英国
伦敦(London)，是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国首都， 世界金融中心，与纽约和香港并称为"纽伦港"。
白金汉宫 Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫是英国的王宫
伊丽莎白塔(the Elizabeth Tower)，旧称钟塔(the Clock Tower)，俗称大本钟(Big Ben)
Scotland
Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones: the Highlands in the north, the Central Lowlands, the South Uplands. Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部， 它由三个自然区:北部高地， 中部低地及南部山陵 首府:爱丁堡。
英国各郡(英汉对照)
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)【行政区划】分英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四部分。
英格兰划分为４３个郡，苏格兰下设２９个区和３个特别管辖区，北爱尔兰下设２６个区，威尔士下设２２个区。
苏格兰、威尔士议会及其行政机构全面负责地方事务，外交、国防、总体经济和货币政策、就业政策以及社会保障等仍由中央政府控制。
1 贝德福德Bedfordshire2 白金汉Buckinghamshire3 剑桥Cambridgeshire4 柴郡Cheshier5 康沃尔Cornwall6 坎布里亚Cumbria7 德比Derbyshire8 德文Devon9 多塞特Dorset10 达勒姆Durham11 东萨塞克斯East Sussex12 埃塞克斯Essex13 格洛斯特Gloucestershire14 大伦敦Greater London15 大曼彻斯特Greater Manchester16 汉普郡Hampshire17 赫里福德Herefordshire18 伍斯特Worcestershire19 赫特福德Hertfordshire20 肯特Kent21 兰开夏Lancashire22 莱斯特Leicetershire23 林肯Lincolnshire24 默西塞德Merseyside25 诺福克Norfolk26 北安普敦Northamptonshire27 诺萨伯兰Northumberland28 北约克郡North Yorkshire29 诺丁汉Nottinghamshire30 牛津Oxfordshire31 施洛普Shropshire32 萨默塞特Somerset33 南约克郡South Yorkshire34 斯塔福德Staffordshire35 萨福克郡Suffolk36 萨里Surrey37 泰恩-威尔Tyne and Wear38 沃里克Warwickshire39 西米德兰兹West Midlands40 西萨塞克斯郡West Sussex41 西约克郡West Yorkshire42 威尔特郡Wiltshire根据1998年建立地区开发署的法案，英格兰含伦敦还被划分为9个地区：伦敦、东部、东南部、西南部、东米德兰、西米德兰、约克与休姆伯、东北、西北与默西塞德苏格兰被划分为32个设有单一地方议会的行政区。
英语国家概况__谢福之_复习资料
Chapter 1全名: the United Kingdom of Great Britain （大不列颠联合王国）（大不列颠联合王国） and Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）（北爱尔兰） 由成千上万的小岛组成（the British Isles ）. 两大岛屿：Great Britain （大不列颠）（大不列颠） and Ireland （爱尔兰）（爱尔兰）The River Thames (second longest and most important), originates （起源于） in southwestern England -----North Sea. Scotland ( Edinburgh 爱丁堡爱丁堡 ) important river:Clyde River kilts （苏克兰小短裙）（苏克兰小短裙） Wales ( Cardiff 加迪夫，著名港口 ). The Severn River is the longest river of Britain------flow through western England. Northern Ireland (Belfast 贝尔法斯特，首府) Lough Lough Neagh----the Neagh----the Neagh----the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in in the the British Isles. Climate : temperate, with warm summers, cool winters and plentiful precipitation(降雨量)，冬暖夏凉，降雨充沛暖夏凉，降雨充沛Three major features : winter fog, rainy day, instability : winter fog, rainy day, instability 冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定冬天多雾，常年多雨，天气不定London ---Buckingham Palace （白金汉宫）, Guildhall (市政厅), St. Paul ’s Cathedral （圣保（圣保罗大教堂）, The Tower Bridge of London （伦敦塔桥）（伦敦塔桥）The majority of the population is descendants of the Anglo-Saxons, a Germanic people from Europe.大部分的人口是盎格鲁-撒克逊人的后裔，从欧洲来的日耳曼人 Most people in Wales and Scotland are descendants of the Celtic people, including the Irish people 威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人威尔士和苏格兰的大多数人都是凯尔特人的后裔，包括爱尔兰人English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages. English is in the Germanic group.英语属于日耳曼语语系英语属于日耳曼语语系 Germanic group: East Germanic, North Germanic, West Germanic. English evolved from the West Germanic group.日耳曼语系：东日耳曼语，北日耳曼语，西日耳曼语。
爱尔兰
The Republic of IrelandChapter 1 Land and People爱尔兰共和国位于欧洲西部爱尔兰岛的中南部，全岛面积为8．4万平方公里，在政治上分为：爱尔兰共和国，管辖其5/6的面积（约7.0282万平方公里）；北爱尔兰，英国的一部分，管辖其东北部1/6的面积。
爱尔兰共和国西濒大西洋，东隔爱尔兰海与英国隔海相望，海岸线长3169公里，首都都柏林(Dublin），由中部平原和环列四周的滨海山构成，形似一个边缘陡峭的盆地，南北高中间低，气候温和湿润，为典型温带海洋性气候，年平均气温在0℃到20℃之间。
爱尔兰是个单一民族的国家，爱尔兰共和国于1922年从英国殖民统治下获得独立。
现有人口约420万，全国98．7%的人是爱尔兰人，另有3万人是英格兰人，苏格兰人约有5000人，犹太人约有4000人。
爱尔兰人属于凯尔特人，是欧洲大陆第一代居民的子嗣，大约90%以上的人是天主教徒，其它居民则信奉基督教、新教等。
I．LandIreland is situated in the Atlantic Ocean and separated from Great Britain by the Irish Sea. It occupies the entire island except for the six counties that make up Northern Ireland. Ireland covers an area approximately 70,282 squares kilometers and its capital is Dublin. Now the population of all Ireland is about 6 million, including the British in the part of Northern Ireland. For the great majority of the people in Ireland, English (the second official language) is the language in everyday use. Irish (first official language) is spoken mainly in areas located along the western seaboard.Ireland is an island, the third-largest in Europe and the twentieth-largest on Earth, which is located in the north-west of continental Europe, between latitudes 51° and 56° N, and longitudes 11° and 5° W. It is separated from the neighboring island of Great Britain by the Irish Sea and the North Channel, which has a width of 23 kilometres (14 miles) at its narrowest point. To the west is the northern Atlantic Ocean and to the south is the Celtic Sea, which lies between Ireland and Brittany1, in France. Ireland and Great Britain, together with nearby islands,1布列塔尼（法国西北部一地区）。
北爱尔兰
1921年南部26郡组成自由邦，1937年成立共和 国，北部6郡仍归英国 ，称北爱尔兰， 成为大不列颠 及北爱尔兰联合王国的组成部分。 按1920年的爱尔兰政府法，北爱尔兰和南爱尔兰 同时诞生于1921年。按1921年的英爱条约爱尔兰共和 国独立后北爱尔兰可以自主决定是否参加爱尔兰共和 国。北爱尔兰决定留在英国。从1960年代到1990年代 两派之间的斗争武装化。1972年北爱尔兰的自治权为 此被取消。从1990年代中开始，两派的主要半军事组 织达成一个不十分可靠的停火。 1972年北爱尔兰议会被取消后北爱尔兰没有正式 的官方旗帜。联合派人士一般使用英国国旗或北爱尔 兰过去的“红手旗”，民族派人士一般使用爱尔兰国 旗。
在街头玩耍的 北爱尔兰儿童。
北爱尔兰许多建筑、住 房都画着不同国旗，表 示不同的政治态度。 （1987年摄）
北爱尔兰旅游 胜地——“巨 人道”上的通 道。（1990 年摄）
北爱尔 兰贝尔 法斯特 女王大 学。
北爱尔兰首府贝尔法 斯特的“五冠酒吧”。
贝尔法斯特市政厅
1998年4月12日，两名女学 生在北爱尔兰首府贝尔法斯 特一座教堂与同学们一起参 加复活节儿童礼拜活动，为 北爱和平而祈祷。
1998年10月16日，1998年诺贝尔和平 奖获得者之一、北爱尔兰社会民主工 党领袖约翰· 休姆在贝尔法斯特一所大 学接受该校学生祝贺。与休姆同获此 殊荣的是另一位北爱政治家、统一党 领导人特林布尔。
【word】《英语国家概况》期末复习提要
《英语国家概况》期末复习提要《英语国家概况》期末复习提要内蒙古电大责任教师宋慧文“英语国家概况”是中央广播电视大学英语专业的必修科目之一.本课程是通过英语阅读主要英语国家社会,文化背景材料,扩大知识面的文化知识课.所选教材是《英语国家社会文化入门》.本书分上下两册.上册内容包括英国部分l2章,澳大利亚部分4章和新西兰部分2章.每章都附有词汇表(V ocabulary),注释(Notes),本课重点(FCPoints),练习(Exercises)以及思考题(QuestionsforThought).通过学习本课程,学生应了解这三个国家的社会文化概貌,掌握这些国家的有关地理,历史,政治,经济,社会生活和文化传统的基本知识.具体而言,学生首先应认真通读各章的课文,借助课后的词汇表和注释,力求理解课文的基本内容,如:历史事件,社会背景,有关人物和时间地点等等.为帮助学生理解,注释部分不仅解释了课文中的难点,而且提供了一些必要的背景知识.本课重点部分列出课文的主要线索.这些内容是考查重点,学生复习时应尤其注意.练习部分共有三种题型:名词解释,填空和多项选择,目的是帮助学生进一步加深对课文的理解,并提供一个通过自我检测了解所学知识掌握程度的机会.书后附有标准答案.思考题是为了引导学生灵活运用所学知识,培养综合分析的能力.思考题不在考试范围之内.考试试题共分4个部分,所有考题内容不超过本教科书课文的范围.第一部分是选择题,2O小题,每题1分,共2O分,要求学生根据问题从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个正确答案.例如:问:WhichgroupofpeopleinBritain CANNOTvoteingeneralelections?选项为:[A]membersoftheHouseof Commons[B]LordsintheHouseofLords[C]theUKcitizensabovetheageof18[D]citizensoftheIrishRepubliclivingintheUK这是上册英国部分第4章”Polities”的内容,从课文中我们知道,英国上议院的议员是不能参加大选的,所以正确的选项应为[B], 有关A,B,C,D的内容都可以在”polities”这一章中找到.第二部分是填空题.每个空格为一题,2O个小题,每题1.5分,共3O分.例如: Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunder——,Britainhasgainedastrongposition intheoffshoreoilindustry.这是英国部分第5章”TheUK Economy”的内容,从课文中我们知道这是指英国北海的石油和天然气资源,所以正确答案应为”theNorthSea”.这一部分答题时除应注意内容的准确性外,还应注意拼写,大小写及定冠词,不定冠词等.如这题中的”the”就不能遗漏,否则会被扣分.第三部分是简答题.10个小题,每小题2分,共2O分.要求学生用一句话简答问题.例如:问题为:Howmanykindsofhorse—racingalethereinBritainandwhatalethey?这是英国部分第7章”SportsinBritain”的内容,在英国共有两种赛马比赛:平地赛马一8】一和障碍赛马.因为这一部分答题时要求用一句话回答,所以要用一句完整的句子,语法和拼写都要注意.这个问题的正确回答应该是: Therearetwokindsofhorse——racingin Britain:flatracingandsteeplechasing.这部分考题形式在教材练习中没有出现过,需要学生在学习过程中自己综合.但只要对课文重点内容熟悉,对其他练习熟悉,这部分考题也不难.第四部分是解释题,在8题中任选6题,每小题5分,共30分.要求学生用简洁的英语(不超过5句话)解释每个词语.这部分主要考查学生的综合概括表达能力,问题的主要点应该抓住,同时注意语法,用词等.例题目:CharlesDickens这是英国部分第6章”BritishLiterature’’中的内容.按要求,学生应把有关狄更斯的知识综合概括一下,分为几点来写:他是什么时代的人,在文学史上的地位,作品的特点,代表作等等,简单扼要地总结一下.因为评分时是按点给分的,所以回答要全面,同时也应注意语法结构.下面的答案可作参考: CharlesDickensisregardedaSoneofthe greatest19th—centuryEnglishwriters.(2分)Hisworksarecharactericedbyvividcomic characterizationandsocialcriticism.(2分)He wrotemanywell—knownnovels,including OliverTwist,A TaleofTwoCities,David Copperfield,tonalTlejustafew.(1分)《英语国家概况》模拟试题I,.Thereare20questionsinthispart. Eachquestionisfollowedbyfourchoices markedA,B,CandD.Choosethecorrect answertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe82一ANSWERSHEET.(20points)1.TheTowerofLondon.andhistorical sight,locatedinthecentreofLondon,WaS builtby.A.KingHaroldB.RobinHoodC.OliveCromwellD.WilliamtheConqueror2.1972WaStheworstyearofthe politicaltroublesinNorthemIrelandbecause ●._.,-._____.__-_●●●_一●A.13Catholicswereshotdeadbythe policeB.468peoplewerekilledinNorthem IrelandC.thegovemmentcarriedoutapolicy known aS”internment’’D.bloodykillingof468peoplefortified CatholieoppositiontotheBritishpresenceinNorthemIreland3.WhichofthefollowingisN0Ttrue abouttheBritishConstitution.*A.ItiSadocumentwhichlistsoutthe baSicprinciplesforgovemmentB.ItiSthefoundationofBritish governancetodayC.ConventionsandLawspassedby ParliamentarepartoftheConstitutionD.Thecoinmonlawsarepartofthe Constitution4.WhoiStheleaderoftheBritish Labourpartyatpresent?A.JohnMajorB.TonyBlairC.HaroldWilsonD.MargaretThatcher5.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheUKeconomyisN0Ttrue?A.BritainremainsoneoftheGroupof SevenlargeindustrialeconomiesB.Britainhasexperiencedarelative economicdeclinesince1945C.Therehasbeenaperiodofsteady decreasingoflivingstandardsD.Somesmallereconomieshave overtakentheUKintermsofoutputper capita6.WhichofthefollowingsportsWasnot inventedinBritain?A.FootballB.TennisC.ArcheryD.Cricket7.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout theGuyFawkes’Night?A.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein NovemberB.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein NovemberC.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein AugustD.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein August8.Whichofthefollowingschoolswouldadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheir academicabilitiesinBritain?prehensiveschoolsB.SecondaryschoolsC.IndependentschoolsD.Grammarschools9.Whichofthefollowingaboutclass systemintheUKisNoTtrue.9A.Peopleofdifferentclassestendtoread differentkindsofnewspaperB.CIass—divisionisonlydecidedby people’SincomeC.Th0ughsocialadvancementis possible,classaffectsaperson’slife—chancesD.Thewaypeoplespeakidentifies themselvestoparticularclass10.InBritain.thegreatmajorityof parentssendtheirchilderntoA.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools11.WhichofthefollowingisNOT characteristicofthehereditaryaristocracyin theUK?A.Thenobletitlescanbeinheritedby thechildrenB,Theyusuallyownhistorichousesin thecountryC.Theyaretherichestgroupofpeople intheUKD.Theseniormemberscanbelordsin theHouseofLords12.NowdaystheBritishforeignpolicyis largelyshapedbyitspraticipationinA.theCommonwealthB.theEuropeanEconomicCommunityC.theUnitedNations,theEuropean Union,UA T0,etcD.aEuropeanfederalgovernment13.WhichofthefollwingistheBritish oldestdailynewspaper?A.TheTelegraphB.TheNewsoftheWorldC.TheGuardianD.TheTimes14.WhichofthefollwoingisN0T consideredacharacteristicofLondon?A.TheculturalcentreB.ThebusinesscentreC.ThefinancialcentreD.Thesportscentre15.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheBritisParliamentiSNoTtrue?A.Parliamenthasnopowertochange 一83—thetermsoftheConstitutionB.Therearenolegalrestrainsupon ParliamentC.Parliamenthasthesupremepowerof passinglawsD.strictlyspeaking,theQueenispartof theParliament16.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisthecapitalofScotland?A.EdinburghB.GlasgowC.CardiffD.Manchester17.WhydidtheEnglishgovemment encouragepeoplefromScotlandandNorthem EnglandtoemigratetotheNorthofIrelandin the17thcentury?A.Theywanttoincreaseitscontrolover IrelandB.Theyhadtoomanypeopleanddidnot haveenoughspaceforthemC.Theyintendedtoexpandtheir investmentD.TheYbelievedthatIrelandWasthe bestplaceforthem18.Whichofthefollowingtwocountries areaheadofBritaininaerospaceindustry?A.TheU.S.andRussiaB.TheU.S.andGermanyC.FranceandRussiaD.GermanyandRussia19.WhichofthefollowingbooksiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer?A.BeowulfB.TheUsterCycleC.More tD’ArthurD.TheCanterburyTales20.Ⅵichofthefollowingistrulyasport oftheroyalfamily?A.CricketB.HorseracingC.GolfingD.Skiing1I.Theretitlealtogether15blanksinthe一84一followingsentences.Fillintheblanksandand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEET.(30points) Britainconsistsof(21)——nations, including(22)——,(23)——,and(24) InBritain.theofficialheadofstateiS (25)——whiletherealcentreofpolitical lifeisin(26).Normally.aBritishgovemmentcanbein powerfor(27)——years,andthenishasto resighandholdageneralelection.In1979,theConservativePartyunder (28)——cameintopowerandcarriedouta programmeofprivatization.Since1945.theUKeconomyhas experienced(29)——declineratherthan (30)——decline. Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunderthe(31)——,Britainvhasgainedastrong positionintheoffshoreoilindustry. InBritain,parentscanchoosebetween sendingtheirchildrento(32)——schoolsor (33)——schools. Parentsfromwealthiermiddleclassin Britainprefertosendtheirchildrento(34) schoolsS0astohavebetter(35)——●Ⅲ.Theretitle10questionsinthispart. Answereachofthe sentenceandwrite correspondingplaceSHEET.(20points)36.WhatarecountriesoftheUK? questionsinonefull youranswerattheontheANSWER thefourconstituent37.Whichpartofthegovernmentinthe UKhasthepowertochangethetermsofthe Constitution?38.WhatarethetwobroadstylisticperiodsfortheBritishliteratureinthe20th century?39.Whichholidayisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday?40.WhatdoesthenicknameOxbridge standfor?41.Whichtwoareasoftheworldhave suppliedthemajorityofBritishrecent immigrants?42.Whodecideonthegeneraldirection ofBritain’Sforeignpolicy?43.WhandidBritainiointheEuropean EconomicCommunity?44.WhichisthelargestcityinScotland?45.WhendopeopleinNorthernIreland CelebrateSt.PatrickDay?IV.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomolethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe -ANSWERSHEET.(3opoints)46.MargaretThatcher47.theBillofRightsof168948.theLabourPartyofBritain49.theBrontesisters50.theRoyalAscotprehensiveschoolsintheUK52.theAnglo—Saxons53.WilliamShakespeare参考答案I.Thereale20questionsinthispart. Eachquestioninfollowedbyfourchoices markedA-B-CandD.Chooesthecorrectansewertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe ANSWERSHEET.1.D2.A3.D4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C1O.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.A18.A19.D20.BⅡ.Therearealtogether15blandsinthe followingsentences.Fillintheblandsand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEEI’.21.four22.Scotland23.walas24.NorthernIreland25.Queenfive26.theHouseofCommonsMargaret27.five28.Thatcher29.areative30.anabsolute31.NorthSea32.State33.Private34.privatecationllI.Thereare10questionsinthispart. AnswereachofthequestionsinonefIIllsentenceandwriteyouransweratthe correspondingplaceontheANSWER SHEEI’.36.Thefourconstituentcountriesofthe UK.TheyareEngland,Scotland,Wra1asand NorthernIreland.37.Parliamenthasthepowertochange thetermsoftheConstitution.38.Thetwobroadstylisticperiodsare ModernismandPostmodernism.39.Christmasisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday.40.OxbridgestandsforOxford UniversityandCambridgeUniversity. 41.Thetwoare~1sareSouthAsiaand Caribbeancountries.42.ThePrimeMinisterandCabinet decideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’S foreighpolicy.43.BritainjointheEurpeanEconomic Communityin1972.44.G1asgowisthelargestcityin一85—Scotland.45.PeopleinNorthernIrelandcelebrateSt.Patrick’sDayonMarch17.VI.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomorethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe ANSWERSHEI.46.MargaretThatchercalTleintopower asBritishfirstwomanPrimeMinisterin1979 whenherConservativepartywonthegeneral election.Sheadvocatedtheideaofsmal1 governmentandfree—marketeconomics. DuringhertermasthePrimeMinister,she carriedoutpoliciestoprivatizethenationalized industryandcuttaxrates.Asaresult,many businessesboomedbutemploymentrate increased.ShewaslaterreplacedbyJohn Majorin1990.47.In1688,KingJamesII’sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvited bythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiesto takethethrone,onconditionthattheywould respecttherightsofParliament.Afterthis GloriousRevolution,theBillofRightswas passedin1689toensurethattheKingnever beabletoignoreParliament.48.TheLaboutrPartyinoneofthetwo biggestpartiesintheUK.itisalsothenewest party,createdbythetradeunionmovementat theendofthe19thcentury.Itisasocialist party,believingthatasocietyshouldbe relativelyequalineconomicterms,andthat thegovernmentshouldredistributethewealth betweentherichandthepoor.Italsothinks thatthegovernmentshouldprovidearangeof publicservicesforallthepeople.49.TheBrontesistersarethedaughters一86一oftheviearofavillagechurchinY orkshireof England.Thoughtheywerepoor,theywereeducatedandrespectable.Theyalldiedyoung, butwererememberedlongaftertheirdeath fortheircontributiontoEnglish1iterature. Charlottewaswel1一knownforJaneEyreand EmilywasnotedforherWutheringHeights. Theyhadtousemalepseudonymsinorderto gettheirbookspublished.50.TheRoyalAscotisthebiggestsocial eventassociatedwithhorseracingintheUK. Peopledressupandgotoshowofftheir? fashionablechothesaswel1towatchtheraces. andplacetheirbets.Womenespeciallywear veryelaborateandexotichats.Thiseventgets muchattentionfromthemediaandthe public.prehensiveschoolsarethemost popularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday. Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreference totheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneral education.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfrom academicsubjectslikeliteraturetomore practicalsubjectslikecooking.52.TheAnglo—Saxonsweretwogroups ofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddownin Englandfromthe5thcentury.Theywere regardedastheansestorsoftheEnglishand thefoundersofEngland.53.WiIliamShakespearewasanEnglish dramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.He? isgenerallyregardesasthegreatestplaywright inEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothree categories:tragediessuchasHamlet,comedies suchasMerchantofV eniceandhistorical playsLikeCharlesII.。
The Trouble of Northern Ireland(北爱尔兰问题)
Henry ordered: • obey English laws • convert to Protestantism
• lose land • face heresy charges
Irish response: rebellion
English Protestants given Irish land mainly in Ulster
Battle of the BOYNE 11th July 1690
Protestant Takeover
Penal Laws reinforced William‟s victory
Irish Catholics lost rights
Voting
Education
Land
Ireland = Colony in British Empire
Henry VIII
Henry asked the pope to annul his marriage and allow him to marry again. The pope refused, so in 1533 Henry created the Church of England, with Henry as leader He married Anne Boleyn, who bore him a daughter but no son. She was executed in 1536. Henry’s next wife had a son.
Eire
Ruler = President in Dublin Faith = mainly Catholic
Divided People
Unionists & Loyalists • Protestants • Want British rule • Loyal to the British Monarchy
北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)
宗教和政治
• 总的来说，自从北爱尔兰和平过程开 始以来，比较极端的新芬党和DUP发展得 比较快。但也有比较乐观的人认为，在欧 洲联盟中北爱尔兰独立的问题会越来越不 重要。 • 最终，北爱尔兰成功自治。
语言
• 英语是北爱尔兰最常用的语言，北爱尔兰的英语方言受到许多苏格兰 语的影响，它的发音和用词都与标准的英语有区别。 • 按星期五和平协议爱尔兰语和苏格兰语在北爱尔兰也是官方语言。 一般联盟派人士对爱尔兰语比较反感因为他们将它与爱尔兰共和国和 新芬党联在一起。 • 北爱尔兰的苏格兰语与苏格兰本来的语言也有些不同。有人认为 它已经发展为一种独立的语言了，但也有人认为苏格兰语本身就是英 语的一种方言。 • 爱尔兰有自己的语言，与北爱尔兰和共和国共同拥有。这个语言 被称为盖尔语，在爱尔兰共和国约有40%的人说这个语言，但是在北 爱尔兰，只有约10%的人说盖尔语。（The Irish have their own language, shared across Northern Ireland and the Republic. It is called Gaelic, and is spoken by about 40% of people in the Republic of Ireland but only by about 10% in Northern Ireland.）
宗教和政治
• 虽然在新闻报道中北爱尔兰的选举经常被看 作对北爱尔兰地位的民意调查，但这个看法过分 简化了当地的情况。选民在选举中往往也考虑到 通过选举来提高他们自己的社会地位或加强他们 的社团的力量。 • 北爱尔兰的政党可以分为两层：民族派的政 党有社会民主工党（SDLP）、新芬党和其它一些 小党，联合派的政党有北爱尔兰统一党（UUP）、 民主统一党（DUP）和其它一些小党。
英语国家社会与文化 第二章 Northern Ireland
• NOTE 15
Assignment
• Bloody Sunday • Power-Sharing Mechanism • the Anglo-Irish Agreement • the Good Friday Agreement
Northern Ireland Today
• P27 last paragraph • P29 3rd paragraph (old ed.)
had been systematically taken away from the indigenous, Roman Catholic population.
• Since 1801, the whole island of ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain.
different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces. 1916年复活节起义 3. In 1919，IRA (Irish Republican Army) expanded the fighting against Britain. 爱尔兰共和军 4.Sinn Fein party: suppporters of the Irish terrorists/freedomfighters 新芬党
英美概况(英国篇1：英国的国土与人民 )
The Irish are charm and vivacity. 爱尔兰人充满魅力，生性活泼。
4.The difference in speech between southern England and northern England:
The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. They are music lovers and are proud of their past.
威尔士人感情丰富，情绪高涨，热爱音乐，为过去感到自豪。
The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious and thrifty people, and they are also hospitable, generous and friendly.
一年四季盛行的西南风和西风在冬季从大西洋带来温暖、潮湿的空气，使气温适宜；
3）The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.
北大西洋暖流经不列颠群岛西海岸，使气候变暖。
不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英国全年降雨量稳定，平均降雨量超过1000毫米。 英国北部、西部雨量过多，但是南部、东部有所缺乏。
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Diet
Food Culture of Ireland's
traditional diet and the
United Kingdom is very
similar to home eating
potato, vegetables,
beef-based, bread is the
staple food of Ireland, one
people. Ways Cook potatoes
rich in vegetables,
water-based approach to the
Cook. Near the sea because
of Dublin, it has a lot of
fresh seafood, seafood
dishes are also a lot of categories. Ireland in the traditional diet based on the introduction of France, Italy and other countries of the dietary pattern, Ireland greasy food is not very light. General meals for potatoes, meat (lamb, pork, chicken) or fish, one or two vegetables (carrot, celery, Yuan Chinese cabbage, onion, pepper, cucumber, mushrooms are seasonal vegetables), or eaten raw (salad), or boiled; In addition, the Irish people love to eat dairy products, eggs, cheese, milk, sour milk, fruits, etc..
Music
Music in Irish culture occupies an important position, harp are typical of traditional Irish instruments, and its shape has been chosen as the national emblem love signs, shows the music in Ireland occupied by the extremely important position.
Ireland hockey (hurling) is a unique tradition of sport, its history can be traced back to the introduction of Christianity Ireland (5th century AD) before, is the world's fastest lawn sports.
Irish River Dance passionate, beautiful melody, rhythm and wealth to the very sharp changes in collection of traditional Irish music, song, dance the best of all in one, embodies the spirit of modern Ireland around the world, has been widely praised, are Irish culture an excellent representative.。