国际关系学院考研翻译硕士英语真题2011
国际关系学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题详解专业课考试试题
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目 录
2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2012年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2013年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2014年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2015年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2016年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解
2011年国际关系学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、词语翻译：英译汉（每题1分，总共15分) 1．European monetary integration
【答案】欧洲货币整合
2．fuel economic growth
【答案】拉动经济增长
3．junk bond
【答案】垃圾债券
4．caller ID telephone
【答案】来电显示
5．parkinsonism
【答案】帕金森
6．solar cell plate
【答案】太阳能电池板
7．open-ended fund
【答案】开放型基金
8．Gall up Poll
【答案】盖洛普民意测验
9．conditions-based withdrawal
【答案】有条件撤军。
2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解一、词语解释题（每题1.5分，总共15分）Directions:Explain the following words,abbreviations or terminology in your own words(in English only,please).1.NGO【答案】NGO is the abbreviation of Non-Governmental Organization.It is an organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government.【解析】NGO是“Non-Governmental Organization”的缩写，意思是“非政府组织”，即除政府之外的其他社会公共组织。
2.vegetable man【答案】Vegetable man are unable to move,think,or speak,and their condition is not likely to improve.【解析】植物人指大脑已经完全或大半失去功能，亦即已经失去意识，但尚存活的人。
虽然植物人仍旧有心跳，且通常犹有反射动作（意即其脑干依旧存活且能发挥功能），但是植物人的生命延续通常必需他人的照护，进食等行为都得由他人协助才能完成。
3.plastic art【答案】Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a plastic medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.The term has also been applied more broadly to all the visual arts(such as painting,sculpture,filmand photography).【解析】造型艺术是艺术形态之一。
2011年翻译硕士全国考卷大全(二)
二, 2011 MTI真题】山师MTI翻译硕士全套试题回忆
翻译硕士英语：
第一题是30个单选题，前15个是词汇题，是划出某个生僻词，然后从四个选项中选取同义词，后15个是语法题，比专四水平略高。
第二题是4篇阅读理解，第一篇关于美国细胞研究减速对国家的影响，第二篇是对某作家写的地中海历史一书的批评，第三篇是美国银行业性质的转变以及对美国消费的批评，这三篇都是单选题，一篇5个，第四篇是主观题，是关于现代人对于工作的失望，总体难度与专八差不多。
第三部分 60分
待价而沽的景观 给了一篇文章 摘自《“城”长的烦恼》让就文章中的某些观点发表看法，800字 议论文
要求：用词优美 文体合适 结构合理
五, 2011年北京大学MTI，CAT，TT英汉互译真题，考场真实记录
——ziqijinghong手打
(考研论坛在我考研的时候给了我很大帮助，现在是回报的时候了，希望广大的后来者也将这一传统继承下去，给更多的后来者以帮助……考场上实在不会做了，于是将试题抄在了准考证上，希望对你们有帮助，另外，有考TT的同学们，还将会有TT基础英语的考场记录的试题——不知道TT或者CAT直接忽略就可以了，大家敬请期待吧。PS：翻译完之后我我看了看，然后就笑了，希望自己的翻译会给阅卷老师带来欢乐。)
作文?? 是否应该推广the general education
二、百科知识
名词解释??? 竟然不是预料的选择题型 还是之前的解释形式。。。单位?? 华夏? 国务院?? 打酱油? 女娲?? 因特网?? 二战 冷战? 苏联? 赤字?? 欧元区??? 大多是比较常见的 都是用自己话答得?
应用文是 自荐信
第三题是作文，400词，the essence of happiness
大学历年考研真题-2011年考研英语试题及答案
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.6 ,instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 . Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an individual's emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. [289 words]1. [A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like2. [A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief7. [A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D] at13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] suppresses15. [A] into [B] from [C] towards [D] beyond16. [A] fetch [B] bite [C] pick [D] hold17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similarly [D] ConverselySection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment n 2009．For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21.We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has.[A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion[C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is .[A] influential [B] modest[C] respectable [D] talented23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers .[A] ignore the expenses of live performances[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances[D] overestimate the value of live performances24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.[C] They help improve the quality of music.[D] They have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels.[A] doubtful [B] enthusiastic[C] confident [D] puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." Broadcasting his ambition was "very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long."26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being .[A] arrogant [B] frank [C] self-centered [D] impulsive27.According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by.[A] their expectation of better financial status[B] their need to reflect on their private life[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals28.The word "poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means .[A] approved of [B] attended to [C] hunted for [D] guarded against29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .[A] top performers used to cling to their posts[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C] top performers care more about reputations[D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] CEOs: Where to Go?[B] CEOs: All the Way Up?[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net[D] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such m arketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the siteseem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg. [443 words]31.Consumers may create "earned" media when they are .[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32.According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature .[A] a safe business environment [B] random competition[C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media .[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34.Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "I love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight."The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive — and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual "Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn't seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. [450 words]36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring .[A] temporary delight [B] enjoyment in progress[C] happiness in retrospect [D] lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D] having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks .[A] are constantly exposed to criticism.[B] are largely ignored by the media.[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is .[A] soothing [B] ambiguous.[C] compensatory [D] misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize those paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A—G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a "general education" should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, "the great books are read because they have been read"—they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr. Menand, is that "the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable. "So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which "the producers of knowledge are produced."Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. "Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary andmore holistic." Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it skillfully.G → 41．→ 42．→ E → 43．→ 44．→ 45．Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2．(10 points)With its theme that "Mind is the master weaver," creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts —and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?"Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are." Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t "get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.P art of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him."(48)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1)recommend one of your favorite movies and2)give reasons for your recommendationYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2．Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2．(20 points)2011年全真试题答案Section ⅠUse of English1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C 10.A45．B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.CSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.AText 2 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.CText 3 31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.AText 4 36.C 37.D38.A 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C46．艾伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并非机器人，因此能掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。
2011年国际关系学院英语专业(英美文学)真题试卷.doc
2011年国际关系学院英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、匹配题(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Please match the following authors with their works.(10 points)1. The Waves2. All"s Well that Ends Well3. Where Angels Fear to Tread4. Song of Myself5. Ulysses6. The Hairy Ape7. Women in Love8. The Pit9. Death in the Afternoon10. Babbitt11. Adam Bede12. Burmese Days13. The Innocents Abroad14. The Open Boat15. The Sketch Book16. Oliver Twist17. Lord Jim18. The American19. Light in August20. Typee（分数：40.00）(1).William Faulkner（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).James Joyce（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Sinclair Lewis（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (4).George Eliot（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (5).Stephen Crane（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (6).Charles Dickens（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (7).Mark Twain（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (8).E. M. Forster（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (9).Eugene O"Neill（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (10).William Shakespeare（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (11).Frank Norris（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (12).Joseph Conrad（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (13).Henry James（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (14).Herman Melville（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (15).Ernest Hemingway（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (16).Walt Whitman（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (17).George Orwell（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (18).D.H. Lawrence（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (19).Virginia Woolf（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (20).Washington Irving（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、填空题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)1.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is an autobiographical sketch of(1)"s childhood and early(2)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.The Romantic period in American literature stretches from(3)to(4)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.James Fenimore Cooper created a(5)about the(6)period of the American nation.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Edgar Allan Poe believes(7)is the most legitimate of all the poetic tones and the(8)__of a beautiful woman is the most poetical topic in the world.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.The Lake Poets criticized the industrialized(9)society by advocating the(10)to the patriarchal society of the past while Byron and Shelley attacked the forces of oppression both (11)and(12)and called on the oppressed people to rise against earthly tyrants.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.The height of Thomas Hardy"s achievement as a novelist was reached in his last two novels both published in the 1890"s. The central figures in the two novels are(13)and(14)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Hemingway"s(15)hero is a man of(16)rather than a man of thought. He can be destroyed but not(17)and he always shows(18)under pressure.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.The central theme of Paradise Lost is taken from the(19)and deals with the Christian story of "the(20)of man".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________三、评论题(总题数：2，分数：4.00)9.Please read the following poem and make comments in about 300 words.(50 points)The Wild Swans at Coole *The trees are in their autumn beauty,The woodland paths are dry,Under the October twilight the waterMirrors a still sky;Upon the brimming water among the stonesAre nine-and-fifty swans.The nineteenth autumn has come upon meSince I first made my count;I saw, before I had well finished,All suddenly mountAnd scatter wheeling in great broken ringsUpon their clamorous wings.I have looked upon those brilliant creatures,And now my heart is sore.All"s changed since I, hearing at twilight,The first time on this shore,The bell-beat of their wings above my head,Trod with a lighter tread.Unwearied still, lover by lover,They paddle in the coldCompanionable streams or climb the air;Their hearts have not grown old;Passion or conquest, wander where they will,Attend upon them still.But now they drift on the still water,Mysterious, beautiful;Among what rushes will they build,By what lake"s edge of poolDelight men"s eyes when I awake some dayTo find they have flown away?* Coole was the estate of Lady Augusta Gregory, the poet"s friend and patron, who encouraged the young poet and made her house a second home to him.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Please read the following story and make comments in about 500 words.(70 points)A Rose for EmilyIWhen Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years.It was a big, squarish frame house that had once been white, decorated with cupolas and spires and scrolled balconies in the heavily lightsome style of the seventies, set on what had once been our most select street. But garages and cotton gins had encroached and obliterated even the august names of that neighborhood; only Miss Emily"s house was left, lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay above the cotton wagons and the gasoline pumps—an eyesore amongeyesores. And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and Confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town, dating from that day in 1894 when Colonel Sartoris, the mayor—he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron—remitted her taxes, the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity. Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity. Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily"s father had loaned money to the town, which the town, as a matter of business, preferred this way of repaying. Only a man of Colonel Sartoris" generation and thought could have invented it, and only a woman could have believed it.When the next generation, with its more modern ideas, became mayors and aldermen, this arrangement created some little dissatisfaction. On the first of the year they mailed her a tax notice. February came, and there was no reply. They wrote her a formal letter, asking her to call at the sheriffs office at her convenience. A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his car for her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowing calligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all. The tax notice was also enclosed, without comment.They called a special meeting of the Board of Aldermen. A deputation waited upon her, knocked at the door through which no visitor had passed since she ceased giving china-painting lessons eight or ten years earlier. They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disuse—a close, dank smell. The Negro led them into the parlor. It was furnished in heavy, leather-covered furniture. When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked; and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray. On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily"s father.They rose when she entered—a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare; perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her. She looked bloated, like a body long submerged in motionless water, and of that pallid hue. Her eyes, lost in the fatty ridges of her face, looked like two small pieces of coal pressed into a lump of dough as they moved from one face to another while the visitors stated their errand.She did not ask them to sit. She just stood in the door and listened quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt. Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain.Her voice was dry and cold. "I have no taxes in Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris explained it to me. Perhaps one of you can gain access to the city records and satisfy yourselves. ""But we have. We are the city authorities, Miss Emily. Didn"t you get a notice from the sheriff, signed by him?""I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff... I have no taxes in Jefferson. ""But there is nothing on the books to show that, you see. We must go by the—""See Colonel Sartoris. I have no taxes in Jefferson. ""But, Miss Emily—"" See Colonel Sartoris. "(Colonel Sartoris had been dead almost ten years.)" I have no taxes in Jefferson. Tobe!" The Negro appeared. "Show these gentlemen out. "IISo she vanquished them, horse and foot, just as she had vanquished their fathers thirty years before about the smell. That was two years after her father"s death and a short time after her sweetheart—the one we believed would marry her —had deserted her. After her father"s death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all. A few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man—a young man then—going in and out with a market basket." Just as if a man—any man—could keep a kitchen properly," the ladies said; so they were not surprised when the smell developed. It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.A neighbor, a woman, complained tothe mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old."But what will you have me do about it, madam?" he said."Why, send her word to stop it," the woman said. "Isn"t there a law?"" I"m sure that won"t be necessary," Judge Stevens said. " It"s probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard. I"ll speak to him about it. "The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation. "We really must do something about it, Judge. I"d be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily, but we"ve got to do something. " That night the Board of Aldermen met—three graybeards and one younger man, a member of the rising generation."It"s simple enough," he said. "Send her word to have her place cleaned up. Give her a certain time to do it in, and if she don"t...""Dammit, sir, " Judge Stevens said, "will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?"So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily"s lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder. They broke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the outbuildings. As they recrossed the lawn, a window that had been bark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her, and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol. They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow of the locusts that lined the street. After a week or two the smell went away.That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her. People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau; Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. So when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased exactly, but vindicated; even with insanity in the family she wouldn"t have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized.When her father died, it got about that the house was all that was left to her; and in a way, people were glad. At last they could pity Miss Emily. Being left alone, and a pauper, she had become humanized. Now she too would know the old thrill and the old despair of a penny more or less.The day after his death all the ladies prepared to call at the house and offer condolence and aid, as is our custom. Miss Emily met them at the door, dressed as usual and with no trace of grief on her face. She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body. Just as they were about to resort to law and force, she broke down, and they buried her father quickly.We did not say she was crazy them. We believed she had to do that. We remembered all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would have to cling to that which had robbed her, as people will.IIIShe was sick for a long time. When we saw her again, her hair was cut short, making her look like a girl, with a vague resemblance to those angels in colored church windows—sort of tragic and serene.The town had just let the contracts for paving the sidewalks, and in the summer after her father"s death they began the work. The construction company came with niggers and mules and machinery, and a foreman named Homer Barron, a Yankee—a big, dark, ready man, with a big voice and eyes lighter than his face. The little boys would follow in groups to hear him cuss the niggers, and the niggers singing in time to the rise and fall of picks. Pretty soon he knew everybody in town. Whenever you heard a lot of laughing anywhere about the square, Homer Barron would be in the center of the group. Presently we began to see him and Miss Emily on Sunday afternoons driving in the yellow-wheeled buggy and the matched team of bays from the livery stable.At first we were glad that Miss Emily would have an interest, because the ladies all said, " Of course a Grierson would not think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer. " But there were still others, older people, who said that even grief could not cause a real lady to forget noblesse oblige— without calling it noblesse oblige. They just said, "Poor Emily. Her kinsfolk shouldcome to her. " She had some kin in Alabama; but years ago her father had fallen out with them over the estate of old lady Wyatt, the crazy woman, and there was no communication between the two families. They had not even been represented at the funeral.And as soon as the old people said, "Poor Emily," the whispering began. "Do you suppose it"s really so?" they said to one another. "Of course it is. What else could..." This behind their hands; rustling of craned silk and satin behind jalousies closed upon the sun of Sunday afternoon as the thin, swift clop-clop-clop of the matched team passed; "Poor Emily. "She carried her head high enough—-even when we believed that she was fallen. It was as if she demanded more than ever the recognition of her dignity as the last Grierson; as if it had wanted that touch of earthiness to reaffirm her imperviousness. Like when she bought the rat poison, the arsenic. That was over a year after they had begun to say " Poor Emily," and while the two female cousins were visiting her." I want some poison," she said to the druggist. She was over thirty then, still a slight woman, though thinner than usual, with cold, haughty black eyes in a face the flesh of which was strained across the temples and about the eyesockets as you imagine a lighthouse-keeper"s face ought to look " I want some poison," she said."Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? For rats and such? I"d recom—""I want the best you have.I don"t care what kind. "The druggist named several. "They"ll kill anything up to an elephant. But what you want is—""Arsenic," Miss Emily said. "Is that a good one?"" Is... arsenic ? Yes, ma"am. But what you want—""I want arsenic.The druggist looked down at her. She looked back at him, erect, her face like a strained flag. "Why, of course," the druggist said. "If that"s what you want. But the law requires you to tell what you are going to use it for.Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up. The Negro delivery boy brought her the package; the druggist didn"t come back. When she opened the package at home there was written on the box, under the skull and bones; "For rats.IVSo the next day we all said, " She will kill herself" ; and we said it would be the best thing. When she had first begun to be seen with Homer Barron, we had said, " She will marry him. " Then we said, " She will persuade him yet, " because Homer himself had remarked—he liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks" Club —that he was not a marrying ter we said, "Poor Emily" behind the jalousies as they passed on Sunday afternoon in the glittering buggy, Miss Emily with her head high and Homer Barron with his hat cocked and a cigar in his teeth, reins and whip in a yellow glove.Then some of the ladies began to say that it was a disgrace to the town and a bad example to the young people. The men did not want to interfere, but at last the ladies forced the Baptist minister—Miss Emily"s people were Episcopal—to call upon her. He would never divulge what happened during that interview, but he refused to go back again. The next Sunday they again drove about the streets, and the following day the minister"s wife wrote to Miss Emily"s relations in Alabama.So she had blood-kin under her roof again and we sat back to watch developments. At first nothing happened. Then we were sure that they were to be married. We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jeweler"s and ordered a man"s toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of men"s clothing, including a nightshirt, and we said, "They are married. " We were really glad. We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been.So we were not surprised when Homer Barron —the streets had been finished some time since— was gone. We were a little disappointed that where was not a public blowing-off, but we believed that he had gone on to prepare for Miss Emily"s coming, or to give her a chance to get rid of the cousins.(By that time it was a cabal, and we were all Miss Emily"s allies to help circumvent the cousins.)Sure enough, after another week they departed. And, as we had expected all along, within three days Homer Barron was back in town.A neighbor saw the Negro man admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening.And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron. And of Miss Emily for some time. The Negro man went in and out with the market basket, but the front door remained closed. Now and then we would see her at a windowfor a moment, as the men did that night when they sprinkled the lime, but for almost six months she did not appear on the streets. Then we knew that this was to be expected too; as if that quality of her father which had thwarted her woman"s life so many times had been too virulent and too furious to die.When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning gray. During the next few years it grew grayer and grayer until it attained an even pepper-and-salt iron-gray, when it ceased turning. Up to the day of her death at seventy-four it was still that vigorous iron-gray, like the hair of an active man.From that time on her front door remained closed, save for a period of six or seven years, when she was about forty, during which she gave lessons in china-painting. She fitted up a studio in one of the downstairs rooms, where the daughters and granddaughters of Colonel Sartoris" contemporaries were sent to her with the same regularity and in the same spirit that they were sent to church on Sundays with a twenty-five-cent piece for the collection plate. Meanwhile her taxes had been remitted.Then the newer generation became the backbone and the spirit of the town, and the painting pupils grew up and fell away and did not send their children to her with boxes of color and tedious brushes and pictures cut from the ladies" magazines. The front door closed upon the last one and remained closed for good. When the town got free postal delivery, Miss Emily alone refused to let them fasten the metal numbers above her door and attach a mailbox to it. She would not listen to them.Daily, monthly, yearly we watched the Negro grow grayer and more stooped, going in and out with the market basket. Each December we sent her a tax notice, which would be returned by the post office a week later, unclaimed. Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows—she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house—like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which. Thus she passed from generation to generation—dear, inescapable, impervious, tranquil, and perverse.And so she died. Fell ill in the house filled with dust and shadows, with only a doddering Negro man to wait on her. We did not even know she was sick; we had long since given up trying to get any information from the Negro. He talked to no one, probably not even to her, for his voice had grown harsh and rusty, as if from disuse.She died in one of the downstairs rooms, in a heavy walnut bed with a curtain, her gray head propped on a pillow yellow and moldy with age and lack of sunlight.VThe Negro met the first of the ladies at the front door and let them in, with their hushed, sibilant voices and their quick, curious glances, and then he disappeared. He walked right through the house and out the back and was not seen again.The two female cousins came at once. They held the funeral on the second day, with the town coming to look at Miss Emily beneath a mass of bought flowers, with the crayon face of her father musing profoundly above the bier and the ladies sibilant and macabre; and the very old men—some in their brushed Confederate uniforms—on the porch and the lawn, talking of Miss Emily as if she had been a contemporary of theirs, believing they had danced with her and courted her perhaps, confusing time with its mathematical progression, as the old do, to whom all the past is not a diminishing road, but, instead, a huge meadow which no winter ever quite touches, divided from them now by the narrow bottleneck of the most recent decade of years.Already we knew that there was one room in that region above stairs which no one had seen in forty years, and which would have to be forced. They waited until Miss Emily was decently in the ground before they opened it.The violence of breaking down the door seemed to fill this room with pervading dust. A thin, acrid pall as of the tomb seemed to lie everywhere upon this room decked and furnished as for a bridal: upon the valance curtains of faded rose color, upon the rose-shaded lights, upon the dressing table, upon the delicate array of crystal and the man"s toilet things backed with tarnished silver, silver so tarnished that the monogram was obscured. Among them lay a collar and tie, as if they had just been removed, which, lifted, left upon the surface a pale crescent in the dust. Upon a chair hung the suit, carefully folded; beneath it the two mute shoes and the discarded socks.The man himself lay in the bed.For a long while we just stood there, looking down at the profound and fleshless grin. The body had apparently once lain in the attitude of an embrace, but now the long sleepthat outlasts love, that conquers even the grimace of love, had cuckolded him. What was left of him, rotted beneath what was left of the nightshirt, had become inextricable from the bed in which he lay; and upon him and upon the pillow beside him lay that even coating of the patient and biding dust.Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
北外2011翻译基础英汉互译真题
北外2011翻译基础英汉互译真题北外2011翻译基础英汉互译真题1 UNESCO联合国教科文组织2 NASA美国宇航局3 Diet of Japan 日本国会4 FDI外国直接投资5 CCTV闭路电视6 FBI 美国联邦调查局Federal Bureau of Investigation7 GM crop转基因作物Genetically modified crop8 IAEA 国际原子能机构International Atomic Energy Agency9 opportunity cost机会成本是指为了得到某种东西而所要放弃另一些东西的最大价值10 Keynesians 凯恩斯主义11 the Tories 保守党12 the State Department in Washington美国国务院13 the Treasury Department of the U.S. 美国财政部14.protectionism 保护贸易主义15.Balance of Payments （国际）收支平衡汉译英1 中国特色的社会主义socialism with Chinese characteristics2 科学发展观scientific outlook on development3 全面建设小康社会build a well-off society in an all-round way4 以人为本people oriented5 宏观经济调控macroeconomic regulation and control6 自主创新能力The ability of independent innovation ；the capacity for independent innovation7.完善人民币汇率形成机制Improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism8.中西医并重lay equal stress on traditional Chinese andWestern Medicine9.突发事件应急管理机制The mechanism of emergency management10.港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong11.构建两岸关系和平发展框架to construct a framework for peaceful development of Cross-straits (十二五规划原句）12.知足常乐Enough is as good as a feast.Happy is he who is content。
国际关系学院英语系研究生入学考试(翻译部分全真题)
SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English.（原文）哲学家们以各种各样的方式解释世界。
哲学是言而不是行。
哲学家断乎改变不了自然与社会。
是不能也，非不为也。
哲学不是科学技术，不是生产力。
哲学是怀疑，是思虑，是静观，是探索。
严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。
哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。
哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。
哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。
哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。
哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。
面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。
他唯一富有的是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。
哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈--他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思，是同自己交谈。
他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。
他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。
他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。
以哲学为命运的人应当准备在崎岖小路上独行，没有目的，也不会有黄金滚滚而来。
告别鲜花、头衔、掌声和奖品，钟情于思，就会有真哲学。
（参考译文）Philosophers interpret the world through a myriad of ways. Philosophy is more speculative than active. In no way do philosophers transform nature or society. This is not because they do not wish to, but because they are unable to. Philosophy does not work the way that science and technology do, and for this reason, philosophy does not represent a form of production force. What philosophy does represent are skepticism, reflection, contemplation, and exploration.Strictly speaking, philosophy does not attempt at explicating the universe, a responsibility that primarily resides with natural sciences. At their best, philosophers can only interpret life, interpret themselves, and interpret texts. Philosophy does not pretend to be knowledge, hence it does not aim at the construction of a system of knowledge, dissimilar to geometry or physics whose colossal framework of axioms and formulas can provide immediate solutions to the pragmatic problems of human survival. The essence of philosophy lies in eternal questing, questioning, inquiring, and meditating. Philosophy is under no obligation to furnish ready and handy answers. To some extent, philosophers tend to refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescope to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book-reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible ontological issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the philosophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers ancient and modern, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe.A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing hisown books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the otherworld in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future ……A person who pursues philosophy as his destiny must be ready to trudge along a lonely path replete with twists and turns, purposelessly and aimlessly. Nor should he expect to reap any materialistic rewards. He should be fully prepared to bid farewell to bouquets of flowers, honorary titles, applauses, and prizes in favor of committing himself solely to a life of meditation and contemplation. Only in such a state will true philosophy be born.SECTION B：Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese Translate the following into Chinese(2001)Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's (1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power, Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared strange, even hypocritical. Yet Wilsonianism has survived while history has bypassed the reservations of his contemporaries. Wilson was the originator of the vision of a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace through collective security rather than alliance. Though Wilson could not convince his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed presidency, and continues to march to this day.America's singular approach to international affairs did not develop all at once, or as the consequence of a solitary inspiration. In the early years of the Republic, American foreign policywas in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence. Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain not only to preserve America's independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because they really wanted neither side to win a decisive victory in the wars of the French Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a contest between the tyrant on the land (France) and the tyrant of the ocean (England) -in other words, the parties in the European struggle were morally equivalent. Practicing an early form of nonalignment, the new nation discovered the benefit of neutrality as a bargaining tool, just as many an emerging nation has since.（参考译文）直到本世纪初，孤立主义倾向在外交政策中一直大行其道。
2011英语考研真题
2011英语考研真题2011年英语考研真题IntroductionThe 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination consisted of a variety of questions that tested the candidates' language skills, as well as their ability to comprehend and analyze texts. This article aims to provide an overview and analysis of the different sections of the exam, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination contained a series of passages that evaluated the candidates' ability to understand and interpret written English. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including literature, science, history, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, which required the candidates to identify main ideas, infer meaning, and analyze the author's tone.Section 2: VocabularyThe vocabulary section of the exam tested the candidates' knowledge of English words and phrases. It required them to choose the appropriate word or phrase to complete a sentence or fill in the blank. The questions were designed to assess the candidates' understanding of word definitions, collocations, and contextual usage.Section 3: GrammarThe grammar section aimed to assess the candidates' understanding of English grammar rules and their ability to apply them in sentence construction. The questions included identifying errors in sentences, choosing the correct verb tense, using appropriate prepositions, and selecting the right pronoun form.Analysis and Tips for SuccessTo successfully navigate the 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination, candidates should adopt effective strategies and study methods. Here are some tips to aid in preparation:1. Reading Comprehension: Develop strong reading skills by regularly reading English materials, such as newspapers, magazines, and online articles. Practice summarizing the main points of a passage and identifying the author's tone and purpose.2. Vocabulary: Build vocabulary by learning new words and their definitions. Pay attention to word formations, collocations, and idiomatic expressions. Utilize flashcards, word lists, and context-based learning techniques.3. Grammar: Master the fundamental grammar rules, including verb tenses, sentence structures, and parts of speech. Review common grammatical errors and practice sentence correction exercises. Seek guidance from grammar textbooks and online resources.4. Time Management: Develop effective time management skills during the exam. Allocate sufficient time based on the number of questions andtheir difficulty level. Prioritize easier questions to maximize accuracy and overall score.5. Practice Mock Exams: Familiarize yourself with the exam format by taking practice exams. Evaluate your performance and identify areas for improvement. Focus on strengthening weaker areas and addressing specific challenges.ConclusionThe 2011 English postgraduate entrance examination tested candidates' language proficiency, reading comprehension skills, vocabulary knowledge, and grammatical accuracy. By adopting effective study strategies, practicing regularly, and developing strong analytical and critical thinking skills, candidates can increase their chances of success in the examination. With ample preparation and determination, students can overcome challenges and achieve their desired results.。