中南大学2010级博士生英语考试试卷

English Test Paper for Doctoral Candidates (A)2011.01.09Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. She is in Vietnam.B. She is in Thailand.C. She is right here.D. She is in Tokyo.2. A. By taxi.B. By bus.C. On foot.D. By train.3. A. He stays late for the lesson.B. He is studying.C. He has little rest.D. He is resting.4. A. She gave a lecture to the psychology class.B. She advised the woman to see a psychologist.C. She persuaded the woman not to take the course.D. She convinced the woman to apply to graduate school.5. A. She read it selectively.B. She went over it chapter by chapter.C. She read it slowly.D. She finished it at a stretch.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One6. A. How to choose the qualified goods.B. The consumer's rights.C. The importance of the quality.D. How to demand the replacement.7. A. The manufacturer.B. The insurance company.C. The shop that sells the goods.D. The repair shop.8. A. To replace the original one.B. To give a credit note to buy something else.C. To give the consumer's money back.D. To make up for the consumer's loss.Passage Two9. A. They are interested in other kinds of reading.B. They are active in coluntary services.C. They tend to be low in education and in income.D. They live in isolated areas.10. A. The reasons why people don't read newspapers are more complicated thanassumed.B. There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originallyexpected.C. The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.D. There are more non-readers among young people nowadays.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage. It will be spoken three times. After you hear the passage, please write a summary of it in about 60 words on Answer Sheet II._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirections:There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).11. Professsor Taylor's talk has indicated that science has a very strong _______ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.A. motivationB. perspectiveC. impressionD. impact12. It was his wife's encouragement that had _______ him through the bad times.A. deliveredB. relievedC. sentD. brought13. He _______ working till he was seventy years old.A. kept upB. followedC. kept onD. succeeded14. As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must beestablished in every town _______ 50 households or more.A. havingB. to haveC. to have hadD. having had15. _______, I agree with your estimate of the stituation.A. In the wayB. On the wayC. In a wayD. In any way16. It won't do them any good, but it won't do them any harm _______.A. neitherB. tooC. eitherD. as well17. "Bob certainly has a low _______ of Sue." —"It can't be any worse than hers ofhim."A. ideaB. opinionC. concernD. thought18. My book is _______ finished; I have only a few changes to make in the writing.A. virtuallyB. verticallyC. violentlyD. visually19. Helen _______ into the river but that I caught her.A. had fallenB. would fallC. fellD. would have fallen20. The car _______ halfway for no reason.A. broke offB. broke downC. broke upD. broke outSection BDirections: There are a number of sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best suits the underlined part of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).21. In the other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually bedemanded for a girl's marriage.A. furnitureB. dollyC. wedding giftD. dress22. This point, however, hardly falls within the ambit of a book about nutrition.A. inspectionB. fieldC. desireD. inspiration23. In the United States, Congress is vested with the power to declare war.A. conferredB. requiredC. designedD. allocated24. The human genome sequence is finite whereas human inventiveness is infinite.A. lestB. henceC. whileD. more or less25. Consequently, new forms of policing involving the harnessing of non-governmentresources, will become essential.A. dangerousB. protestingC. proofD. Making use26. It can be slow, and prohibitively expensive to navigate.A. disagreeableB. excessivelyC. hardlyD. little27. President-elect Bush inherits a nation whose citizens will be ready to assist him inthe conduct of his large responsibilities.A. succeeds toB. gainsC. restrictsD. claims28. In urban areas easier access to modern medical technology enables women to actbefore birth.A. paceB. facilityC. allowD. contact29. Blocking heroin use before it starts is particularly important because of the drug'shighly addictive nature.A. HackingB. TerminateC. HinderingD. Restriction30. It has created unprecedented opportunities for education, health services.A. uncompromisingB. undersizedC. unstressedD. unparalleledPart III Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).We all know that a magician does not really depend on "magic" to perform his tricks, but on his ability to act 31 great speed. 32 , this does not prevent us from enjoying watching a magician 33 rabbits from a hat. 34 the greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini who died in 1926. Houdini mastered the art of 35 . He could free himself from the tight test knots or the most complicated locks in seconds. 36 no one really knows how he did this, there is no doubt 37 he had made a close study of every type of 38 ever invented. He liked to carry a small steel needle-like tool strapped to his leg and he used this 39 a key.Houdini once asked the Chicago police to lock him in prison. They 40 him in chains and locked him up, but he freed himself 41 an instant. The police 42 him of having used a tool and locked him up again. This time he wore 43 clothes and there were chains around his necks, waist, wrists, and legs; 44 he again escaped in a few minutes. Houdini had probably hidden his "needle" in a wax-like 45 and dropped it on the floor in the passage. 46 he went past, he stepped on to 47 astonishing. He was heavily chained up and enclosed in an empty wooden chest, the lid of 48 was nailed down. The 49 was dropped into the sea in New York harbor. In one minute Houdini had swum to the surface. When the chest was 50 , it was opened and the chains were found inside.31. A. in B. with C. at D. of32. A. Generally B. However C. Possibly D. Likewise33. A. to produce B. who produces C. produce D. how to produce34. A. Undoubted B. Though C. Probably D. Out of the question35. A. escaping B. locking C. opening D. dropping36. A. Surprisingly B. Obviously C. Perhaps D. Although37. A. if B. whether C. as to D. that38. A. chest B. lock C. box D. chain39. A. in place B. in place of C. instead D. in the place of40. A. involved B. closed C. connected D. bound41. A. at B. by C. in D. for42. A. rid B. charged C. accused D. deprived43. A. some B. a C. the D. no44. A. but B. and C. so D. thus45. A. candle B. mud C. something D. substance46. A. As B. Usually C. Maybe D. Then47. A. overall B. all but C. no longer D. altogether48. A. it B. which C. that D. him49. A. chest B. body C. lid D. chain50. A. brought up B. sunk C. broken apart D. snappedPart IV Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions:There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I). Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at a very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limitedto what the stores have on their racks. Statuses, too, come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.51. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that statuses can help us _______.A. determine whether a person is fit for a certain jobB. behave appropriately in relation to other peopleC. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situationsD. make friends with other people52. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses _______.A. in order to identify themselves with othersB. in order to better identify othersC. as their mental processes changeD. as the situation changes53. The word “appraisal” (Sentence 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means“_______”.A. involvementB. appreciationC. assessmentD. presentation54. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to _______.A. fitting our actions to those of other people appropriatelyB. identification of other people’s statusesC. selecting one’s own statusesD. constant mental process55. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinesepeasant or that of a Hindu prince” (Sentence 3, Paragraph 3), the writer means _______.A. different people have different styles of clothesB. ready-made clothes may need alterationsC. statuses come ready made just like clothesD. our choice of statuses is limitedQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The way you look—the body that is yours—has several relatively permanent features that disclose information about you. As you take the platform to speak, listeners can observe your physical features and infer your sex, general age range, racial background, height, weight, and body type. Sometimes audiences respond to personal appearance in a fixed manner. As a result they may discount messages given by speakers who are very much younger than themselves. Other audiences similarly pay less attention to the speeches of women or of people from other cultural groups.Many people have one or more physical features or conditions that make them reluctant to speak publicly. These include crooked teeth, visible birthmarks, above-average or below-average weight or height, poor eyesight, or the use of wheelchairs. Although it is true that people do see your features, it is generally not true that they spend the entire speech focusing on them. If you worry about your appearance, one of your best strategies is to have an interesting topic and a goodopening statement that will draw people’s attention to your subject rather than to your looks.Regardless of your looks, you can pay special attention to your appearance such as dressing neatly, keeping your hair tidy, etc. Neatness and cleanliness are sometimes as significant as natural beauty; in fact, a common proverb, “Cleanliness is next to godliness”gives a very good example of this. Further, as well will see, social attractiveness is enhanced by other nonverbal variables such as smiling and gesturing appropriately. Moreover, physical characteristics are not the only thing your listeners see. The clothing and accessories you choose are part of your total presentation of yourself.56. This passage may be intended for _______.A. school teachersB. would-be actors or actressesC. those whose work involves public speechesD. social workers57. People tend not to attach enough importance to what a speaker says if _______.A. he has a different cultural backgroundB. he is poorly dressedC. his hair is untidyD. he is overweight58. People often feel shy to speak in public if _______.A. they are younger than the audiencesB. their subjects are not interesting enoughC. they are female and not prettyD. they have some physical defects59. Social attractiveness can be improved by _______.A. your humorous way of talkingB. good manners and dressing neatlyC. a good opening statementD. choosing a good topic60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Natural beauty is necessary for a public speaker.B. The audience wo n’t concentrate on your features throughout your speech.C. Age and sex can decide whether your speech will be a successful one.D. The audience can usually foresee what you’ll say from your racialbackground.Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.It started small. Just a political slogan, pasted onto a poster in a back office somewhere: NO EURO in 19999. Germany’s main opposition party, the Social Democrats, planned to print the poster by the thousands for the state elections, and exposed the party’s jingoist (极端爱国主义的) tune. On March 24 the Social Democrats gathered just 25 percent of the vote, their lowest postwar result. The party did almost as poorly in the two other state elections the same day. The big winner: Helmut Kohl and his pet project, the European monetary union, the plan to give thecontinent a single currency by 1999 and further enclosed Germany into a greater Europe.Only a few months ago, many Europeans were attacking the EMU. But the day after the state elections, Holger Schmieding, senior strategist in Frankfurt, reverses his prognosis on the EMU’s likelihood from 40-60 against to 60-40 in favor. At an intergovernmental conference in Italy, the Kohl government gave up some demands for speedy political and diplomatic integration in the interest of pushing the EMU through. French President Jacques Chirac threw in his lot with the German chancellor. Other countries like Spain, Sweden and Italy have recently changed governments and showed a new willingness to introduce EMU-inspired principles.The result: the markets have now lined up behind the EMU, driving Europe’s long-term bond yields closer together and pushing other currencies higher against the German mark. All this has supplied a nice tail wind for the prospective Euro, the new currency supposed to replace the cash of the first group of “core” countries. “You can trace the changed mood to one clear source—those state elections,” says John Lipsky, chief economist in New York. “Before, the working assumption had been that the German public was distrustful of EMU. But his was viewed as the first time it was tested on the ground rather than in public opinion polls.” The EMU, clearly, won. 61. The German Social Democrats lost in the state elections mainly because_______.A. they were not in agreement with the public in their attitudes towards EuroB. their dishonorable acts in World War II left a bad impression on the publicC. they did not print enough posters before the electionsD. their postwar policies were not widely accepted by the public62. What can be inferred from the prognosis of Holger Schmieding, the seniorstrategist?A. The number of people who are in favor of Euro equals to that who are againstit.B. The number of people who are in favor of Euro is larger than that who areagainst it.C. The number of people who are against Euro is larger than that who are infavor of it.D. People become more and more willing to accept Euro as a single Europeancurrency.63. Concerning the attitude of the governments of some European countries towardsEuro, which of the following is true?A. They have been in favor of it from the beginning.B. They become reluctant to accept it.C. They become more willing to go with it.D. They have no choice but to accept it.64. According to the passage, Euro will be used to replace the currencies of _______.A. all the European countriesB. Germany, France, Spain and ItalyC. several most important European countriesD. some Middle European countries65. What is suggested about the reliability of estimates of public opinions in the lastparagraph?A. The results of elections are more reliable than public opinion polls.B. Public opinion polls are more reliable than the results of elections.C. Investigations are more reliable than public opinion polls.D. Public opinion polls are the single accurate estimate of public opinions. Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched roof cottages around a church; a drive through a marrow village street lined with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight over the rolling hills of a pretty collection of thatched farm buildings—these are still common sights in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the British Isles. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is a solitary craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced today has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.66. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?A. Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.B. Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C. Cottages with thatched roofs.D. Churches with cottages around them.67. What do we know about thatching as a craft?A. It is a collective activity.B. It is practiced on farms all over England.C. It is quite different from what it used to be.D. It is in most cases handed down among family members.68. Thatched houses are still preferred because of _______.A. their style and comfortB. their durabilityC. their easy maintenanceD. their cheap and ready-made materials69. People in developing countries also live under thatch because _______.A. thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB. thatched roof houses are the cheapestC. thatch s an effective defense against the heatD. they like thatched houses better than other buildings70. We can learn from the passage that _______.A. thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient timesB. thatching is a building craft first created by the English peopleC. the English people have a special liking for thatched housesD. most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsidesQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading”cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.71. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that______.A. it is one of the most difficult school coursesB. students spend endless hours in readingC. reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD. too much time is spent in teaching about reading72. The teaching of reading will be successful if _______.A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC. teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD. teachers can make their teaching activities observable73. The word “scrutiny” (Sentence 2, Paragraph 3) most probably means “_______”.A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion74. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when_______.A. children become highly motivatedB. teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC. teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD. reading enriches children’s experience75. The main idea of the passage is that _______.A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD. reading is more complicated than generally believedPart V Translation (20%)Section ADirections:Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese, and write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II.However, that view is far from accurate too. Within the staggeringly long sequences of DNA, it turns out that only a tiny percentage of letters actually form the words that constitute genes and serve as code for proteins. More than 95 percent of DNA, instead, is "non-coding". Much of DNA simply constitutes on and off switches for regulating the activity of genes. It's like you have a 100-page book, and 95 of the pages are instructions and advice for reading the other five pages. Thus, genes don't independently determine when proteins are synthesized. They follow instructions originating somewhere else.What regulates those switches? In some instances, chemical messengers from other parts of the cell. In other cases, messengers from other cells in the body (this is the way many hormones work). And, critically, in still other cases, genes are turned on or off by environmental factors. As a crude example, some carcinogens work by getting into cells, binding to one of those DNA switches and turning on genes that cause the uncontrolled growth that constitutes cancer.[选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 3, Exercise Section 3 Translation I, Page 75-76]Section BDirections:Translate the following paragraph into English, and write your English version on Answer Sheet II.“男女平等已不是什么可以商讨的问题”；“只有妇女仍处于不平等的地位，他们就得不到各种资源，永远无法参加政治决策，甚至是在生活中做出自己的选择；这就是基本的问题所在”。