AIDS in China
艾滋病的英语PPT
What’s more
Last year, a research team at the University of Rochester Medical Center confirmed that such patients, called long-term non-progressors, maintain higher than normal levels of the enzyme called APOBEC-3G (A3G) in their white blood cells, which function to stave off infections. Now, the same group has teamed up with a structural biologist to provide the first look at the A3G structure. Such information represents an early step toward the design of a new class of drugs that could afford to all the same natural protection enjoyed by few, according to a study published today in The Journal of Biological Chan Medical College light candles during an AIDS awareness campaign on the eve of the World AIDS Day in Haikou, South China’s Hainan province, November 30, 2009.
高三英语上学期Unit9 Reading1
The situation seemed hopeless. Para.A 1.The topic sentence is _____________________
2.Find out the passive words:_______________________ weak,suffer, pain ______________________________________________ Laid-off, worse, loan A health care project Para.B Key phrase:______________________________ What is it about? It provides treatment at half the cost or less. How did it help WangLin? Help him to be able to receive treatment in time. Make him realize that he should get insurance for his family.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
The Passage gives a brief introduction to the health care condition in our country, and it emphasizes on the efforts that our government is making to fight poverty and improve health care by giving examples of Wang Lin.
Para.C What is the health care project about?
AIDS
Infections
People do not get HIV from everyday meetings with infected people at school or other places. HIV cannot be spread by touching a person or touching clothes, telephones, dishes, door handles or toilet seats, by playing sports or by mosquitoes (蚊子). A person can’t catch HIV through casual contact such as hugs, kisses, or handshakes. HIV is caught in two main ways: By having sex with a person who is HIV positive, or by sharing a needle with a person who has HIV. Heroin has fueled a sharp rise in drug use and encouraged the sharing of needles that helps to spread AIDS. A baby can be born infected with HIV if the mother has the virus. It is also possible to be infected with HIV through blood transfusions.
aids艾滋病简介共21页文档
Pay more attention to our diet
the stool can be serious . • Dizziness, headache, mental decline, psychosis. • There can be a variety of malignant tumors in
the body surface of Kaposi's sarcoma visible red or purple red macules, papules and invasive tumor .
The clinical manifestations of AIDS?
• Have a fever, continued weakness. • Long teng
difficulties . • anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood in
• The others harm: intravenous drug use and needle sharing through maternalways can spread the virus to other people.
• The harm to the family and society: bring a heavy financial burden to the family and society and social issues .
What is AIDS?
• AIDS, in 1981 in the United States for the first time and found confirmation. Full-called "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" the initials of AIDS who had translated it as "AIDS" and "love sick." There are two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2 type. The body is infected with the "human immunodeficiency virus" (HIV - human immunodeficiency virus), also known as the AIDS virus, caused by infectious diseases.
AIDS
翻译
艾滋病（AIDS）是一种由艾滋病病毒，即人体免疫缺陷病毒（human immunodeficiencyvirus，简称HIV）侵入人体后破坏人体免疫 功能，使人体发生多种不可治愈的感染和肿瘤，最后导致被感染者死亡的一种严重传染病。AIDS是艾滋病的医学全称“获得性免 疫缺陷综合症”Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome的英文字头缩写词。这个命名表达了艾滋病的完整概念，从中我们可以了解 到艾滋病的三个明确定义：获得性：表示在病因方面是后天获得而不是先天具有的。
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2014华中科技大学博士一年级英语考试参考样体
Key to 09 Model TestI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)2007 JCR Science EditionJournals from:subject categories MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNALSorted by:Impact FactorJournals 1 - 20 (of 100)[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 ]Page 1 of 5Ranking is based on your journal and sort selections.RankAbbreviated JournalTitle(linked to journal information)ISSNTotal CitesImpact FactorImmediacy IndexArticlesCited Half-life1 NEW ENGL J MED 0028-4793 186402 52.589 11.962 343 7.0 2 LANCET0140-6736 135949 28.6388.636 305 7.7 3 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 0098-7484 103620 25.547 7.965 229 6.8 4 ANN INTERN MED 0003-4819 40783 15.516 4.056 162 8.6 5 ANNU REV MED 0066-4219 3829 13.415 2.879 33 6.1 6 PLOS MED 1549-12773725 12.6012.705 166 1.9 7 BRIT MED J 0959-8146 62151 9.723 6.210 210 8.2 8 ARCH INTERN MED 0003-9926 30282 8.391 1.734 278 7.2 9 CAN MED ASSOC J 0820-3946 8324 7.0673.053 94 6.4 10ANN MED0785-389031435.7790.593546.11. What is the option of this journal citation report?2007 JCR Science Edition2. What is the subject category?MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL3.How is the list sorted?By Impact Factor4.What is the Impact Factor of New England Journal of Medicine?52.5895.What is the full title of BRIT MED J?British Medical JournalII. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)Web of Science®ResultsSubject Heading=(LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE) AND Author=(WANG SY) AND Institution=(HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)Timespan=All Years. Databases=IC, SCI-EXPANDED, CCR-EXPANDED [back to 1840], SSCI.1. Zhang ZH, Wang SY, Li Q, et al.Capillary leak syndrome in children with C4A-deficiency undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a double-blind, randomised controlled studyLANCET 366 (9485): 556-562 AUG 13 2005Times Cited:02. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLEvidence for development of capillary leak syndrome associated withcardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients with the homozygous C4A nullphenotypeANESTHESIOLOGY 100 (6): 1387-1393 JUN 2004Times Cited:43. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLAntioxidative effect of propofol during cardiopulmonary bypass in adultsACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 25 (3): 334-340 MAR 2004Times Cited:46.What is the website you can use to find the SCI collection?Web of Science7.What is the subject heading?LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE8.Where is Wang SY from?HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL9.How many articles of Wang SY are collected by SCI?310.How many times are his articles cited?8III. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 18, 15541-15549, May 2, 2003Induction of Prothrombinase fgl2 by the Nucleocapsid Protein of Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Dependent on Host Hepatic Nuclear Factor-4Qin Ning, Sophia Lakatoo, Mingfeng Liu, Weiming Y ang, Zhimo Wang, M. James Phillips, and Gary A. LevyFibrinogen-like protein 2/fibroleukin (Fgl2) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both experimental and human fulminant hepatic failure. We have reported recently that the nucleocapsid(N) protein from strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3, MHV-A59),which cause massive hepatocellular necrosis but not from strains(MHV-JHM, MHV-2) which do not produce serious liver disease, induces transcription of fgl2. The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2. Mutation of residues Gly-12, Pro-38,Asn-40, Gln-41, and Asn-42 within domain 1 of the N protein of MHV-A59 to their corresponding residues found in MHV-2 abrogated fgl2 transcription, whereas mutation of other N protein domains,including a protein expressed from an internal reading frame (I protein), did not affect fgl2 gene transcription. We then examined the 372 to 306 sequence within the 1.3-kb fgl2promoter region upstream from the transcription start site that was previously identified as necessary for N protein-induced gene transcription.We demonstrated that the 331/325 HNF4 cis-element and its cognate transcription factor, HNF4, are necessary for virus-induced fgl2gene transcription. In uninfected macrophages and macrophages infected with MHV-2, an unidentified protein occupies the HNF4cis-element. Following stimulation with MHV-A59, it was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that HNF4binds the HNF4 cis-element in the fgl2promoter. We further report the unprecedented presence of HNF4in peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure.11.How many parts can you divide the abstract into?4 each part?Background/PurposeMethodResultsConclusion13.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2.14.Which sentence is the conclusion?Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2 prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure./The last sentenceIV. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005 Jul; 26 (7): 873–880Full-length articleRegulating expressions of cyclin D1, pRb, and anti-cancer effects of deguelin on human Burkitt’s lymphoma Daudi cells in vitro1Hong-li LIU, Yan CHEN2, Guo-hui CUI, Qiu-ling WU, Jing HEDepartment of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaIntroductionA large number of natural products have been evaluated as potential chemopreventive agents. Deguelin (Figure 1), a natural plant-derived rotenoid, most commonly used as an insecticide in Africa and South America, has been isolated from several plant species, including Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae). Its main active composition is rotenone, and it has very strong photodissociation[1]. The recent research has indicated that deguelin usually has a very strong antitumor function, and can suppress many kinds of tumors cell at nmol levels[1]. Notably, deguelin can suppress coloncancer cell HT-29 growth[2], inhibit the growth of precancerous and cancerous lung cells, and induce premalignant and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells apoptosis with no toxic effects on normal cells[3]. These recent experiments verified that deguelin could lead the cell cycle to block and induce apoptosis, however, its mechanism is not yet completely clear.Burkitt’s lymphoma (also called small noncleaved cell lymphoma) is a type of on-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system. Despite recent advances in radiotherapy,chemotherapy, and stem cell transplant, the severe morbidity from lymphoma has not been improved[4]. Much effort has been focused on the discovery and development of new chemopreventive agents, especially agents targeted at mechanisms known to be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. Therefore, we have sought to identify novel agents that can prevent lymphoma carcinogenesis effectively but with minimal toxicity.This study was designed to explore the mechanism of deguelin-induced apoptosis in Daudi cells. We studied deguelin on human Burkitt’s lymphoma Daudi cells in vitro and compared the cytotoxicities of deguelin on Daudi cells with human peripheral blood monocular cell (PBMC), and focused on the changes in the expression of cyclin D1 and phosphor-Rb, and analyzed its underlying mechanism.15.How many parts can you divide the introduction into?4 each part?BackgroundConclusionPurposeMethod17.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?This study was designed to explore the mechanism of deguelin-induced apoptosis in Daudi cells.18.Which sentence is the conclusion?Therefore, we have sought to identify novel agents that can prevent lymphoma carcinogenesis effectively but with minimal toxicity.V. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)References and Notes1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (Beijing, 2004).2. J. Watts, Lancet362, 1983 (2003).3. Ministry of Health of China, UNAIDS, and WHO, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 2006].4. M. J. Rotheram-Borus, P. A. Newman, M. A. Etzel, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.25 (suppl.2), S105 (2000).5. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group, Lancet356, 103 (2000).6. S. Allen et al., AIDS17, 733 (2003).7. H. Amaro, A. C. Morrill, J. Dai, J. Health Psychol.10, 287(2005).8. M. E. Bentley et al., AIDS12, 1869 (1998).9. R. Fox, N. J. Odaka, R. Brookmeyer, B. R. Polk, AIDS1, 241 (1987).10. J. A. Inciardi, H. L. Surratt, S. P. Kurtz, J. C. Weaver, AIDS Care17 (suppl. 1), S88 (2005).11. R. R. Robles, T. D. Matos, H. M. Colon, C. A. Marrero, J. C. Reyes, Drugs Soc. (New York) 9,173 (1996).12. A. Erikson et al., Correspondent15, 24 (2006).13.T. Frieden et al., N. Engl. J. Med.353, 2397-2402 (2005).14. R. Bayer, N. Engl. J. Med.334, 1540 (1996).15. L. B. Leveton, H. C. Sox, M. A. Stoto, Eds. HIV and the Blood Supply: An Analysis of CrisisDecision-Making (Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1995).16. Chinese Ministry of Health, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, The ThirdConference on HIV/AIDS International Cooperation Projects in China, Kunming, 3 to 4 September 2005.17. UNAIDS-WHO, "Policy statement on HIV testing"(www.who.int/entity/rpc/research_ethics/hivtestingpolicy_en_pdf.pdf).18. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Henan province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).19. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Yunnan Province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).20. HIV-positive mothers are given the options of abortion or ART perinatally, cesarean delivery(where available), and free formula milk for 12 months.21. State Council Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Articles 3, 10, 39, 41, 55, 56.22. The Infectious Diseases Control Act of the People's Republic of China, Articles 12, 16, 68, 69.We thank S. Korenman, Associate Dean for Ethics at the UCLA School of Medicine, for reviewing this manuscript, W. W. Cao for review of relevant publications, and W. Aft for editorial assistance.19.What kind of the reference source does the first reference belong to?Technical report20.What kind of the reference source does the second reference belong to?Journal21.What kind of the reference source does Reference 15 belong to?Book22.What kind of the reference source does Item 20 belong to?NoteVI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)SCI Impact Factor 1.677Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Information For Authors GENERAL1 Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, published monthly in English, is the official journal of the ChinesePharmacological Society and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica is listed in Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CSA Medical Biotechnology, CSA Bioengineering, CSA Neuroscience, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Excerpta Medica, FSTA, Global Health, IndexCopernicus, Index Medicus, Kagaku Gijutsu Bunken Sokuho, MEDLINE, Рефератнвныйжурнап, Research Alert, Science Citation Index, SciSearch, Scopus, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, and many other abstracting and indexing services.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica welcomes current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world. Reviews based primarily on authors?own research of internationally important topics are also welcome. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication" as presented at /.2 Prior or duplicate publications are not accepted. All manuscripts, especially data, must not be published or submitted for publication elsewhere. English translations of published articles are not acceptable. The authors should make a full statement on submission about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant or duplicate publications of the same or very similar work.The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.…23.What is the SCI Impact Factor of Acta Pharmacological Sinica?SCI Impact Factor 1.67724.What kinds of original article are welcomed by Acta Pharmacological Sinica?current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world.25.What is the website presenting the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted toBiomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication"?/.26.Does Acta Pharmacological Sinica accept English translations of published articles?No27.What must be acknowledged if an article is accepted to be published in Acta PharmacologicalSinica?The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.VI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)United StatesNational Library of MedicineNational Institutes of HealthGrants and Funding: Extramural ProgramsResearch Project Grants (NIH Parent R01) (PA 07-070)/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-070.htmlPurposeSupport for rigorous scientific research in biomedical informatics andbioinformatics. Investigators applying through this NIH Parent R01announcement should include a cover letter requesting assignment toNLM. The NIH parent announcement does not contain information about NLM's research grant priorities and scope of interest. For NLM-specific guidance, see NLM Express Research Grants in Biomedical Informatics and Bioinformatics (R01) (PAR 08-080).This program expires January 8, 2010 unless reissued. Only electronic applications are accepted.NLM ContactsClinical and Public Health Informatics: Dr. Hua-Chuan Sim,simh@Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Dr. Jane Ye, yej@ DeadlinesDeadlines for New Applications: February 5, June 5 and October 5 each yearDeadlines for Revised Applications: March 5, July 5 and November 5 each yearFull listing of deadlines for competing applications:/ep/Deadlines.htmlLast reviewed: 28 February 2008Last updated: 28 February 2008First published: 05 February 200828.What is this webpage about?Research Project Grants (NIH Parent R01) (PA 07-070)29.What is the purpose of this grant?Support for rigorous scientific research in biomedical informatics and bioinformatics.30.When will this program expire?January 8, 2010 unless reissued31.If you are a potential applicant, who will you contact about the suitability of a project forfunding by NLM?Dr. Hua-Chuan Sim or Dr. Jane Ye32.How many deadlines are there for New Applications each year?3。
《中国艾滋病诊疗指南(2018版)》解读
《中国艾滋病诊疗指南（2018版）》解读沈银忠 [摘要] 《中国艾滋病诊疗指南（2018版）》是根据我国临床实践和基于中国人群的研究数据以及国际最新研究结果在前三版的基础上进行的更新。
此版指南强化了艾滋病预防的理念，突出了核酸检测在诊断和治疗中的价值，大幅度更新了艾滋病合并结核病和隐球菌脑膜炎治疗方案，优化了抗病毒治疗推荐方案，更新了抗病毒治疗失败的定义及其处理规范。
此外，此版指南首次规范了HIV单阳家庭的生育问题，并首次提出HIV感染的全程管理理念。
此版指南是一部既具中国特色又与国际接轨的指南，很多理念如全程管理、个体化治疗、单阳家庭生育、治疗药物浓度监测、HIV暴露前预防和简化治疗等都是首次提出或首次写入中国指南，体现了中国学者对该研究领域的贡献。
[关键词] 艾滋病；指南；解读 [中国图书资料分类号] R512.91 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 1007-8134(2019)01-0016-05 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-8134.2019.01.003Interpretation of Guidelines fordiagnosis and treatment of AIDS in China (2018) SHEN Yin-zhongDepartment of Infection and Immunity, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 201508, China [Abstract] “Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of AIDS in China (2018)” is an update based on the previous 3 editions, according to the clinical practice in China and research data in the Chinese population, as well as the latest international research results. This edition of guidelines strengthens the concept of AIDS preventions, highlights the value of nucleic acid testing in diagnosis and treatments, substantially updates the treatment regimens for AIDS with tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis, optimizes the recommended antiviral treatment regimens, updates the definition of failure of antiviral treatment and its treatment norms, first standardizes the reproductive problems of HIV single-positive families and first puts forward the concept of whole course management of HIV infection. This edition of guidelines is a guide integrated with Chinese characteristics and international standards. Many concepts, such as whole course management of HIV infection, individualized treatment, HIV single-positive families' fertility, therapeutic drug concentration monitoring, pre-exposure prophylaxis and simplified antiretroviral therapy are first introduced or written into the Chinese guidelines, reflecting the contribution of Chinese scholars in this field. [Key words] AIDS; guidelines; interpretation 艾滋病是影响人类健康的重要公共卫生问题，其规范诊治对疾病的防治具有极其重要的意义。
英语艾滋病
2
On AIDS
– AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome and translated by acquired immune deficiency syndrome, transliteration of the English abbreviation AIDSAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 1981 injections and was confirmed for the first time in the United States. Has been translated as " AIDS ", " love sickness ". Divided into two types : HIV-1 and HIV-2, is the injection of the body is infected with a " human immunodeficiency virus " HIV-human immunodeficiency virus also known as the AIDS virus as a result of infectious diseases. AIDS is called " history of the century after the plague ", also known as " Super cancer " and " killer of the century ".
4
AIDS in China
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AIDS in China
The first AIDS patient was found in 1985 in China. In the next twelve years it can be divided into three stages:First stage (1985-1988): The import stage. The main patients are foreigners or oversea Chinese. They are distributed in the coastal cities. Second stage (1989-1993): The dissemination stage. It was marked by finding 146 cases infected by HIV among the drug users in Yunnan Province. Most of HIV patients are from drug users in Yunnan Province in this period. Meantime, some positive HIV patients were found among venereal disease patients, prostitutes and workers coming back from abroad.Third Stage (1994-now): The growth stage. HIV infection is beyond the range of Yunnan Province and certain amount of HIV patients among drug users and professional blood donors were found in other provinces in different years such as Sichuan (1995), Xinjiang (1996), Guangxi (1997). Meanwhile, the patients infected through frequent sexual activities, but the quantity is not so much to be epidemic widely.At present, HIV patients were reported in thirty provinces among thirty-one provinces in China and mainly distributed in certain areas, most of them were peasants. But many patients were increasing in other areas, especially the areas along the main roads where the long-distance drivers and mobile population were potential infection source.HIV patients were found in different occupations, but most of them were peasants, workers coming back from abroad, bum and private businessmen. The ratio between male and female patients was 5:1 and most of them were young people. 79% patients were between 20-40 years old. Among the reported cases, two thirds of them were infected through drug injection, 8% through sexual contact and three cases through mothers.In high infection areas such as Xinjiang and Yunnan, 60% patients were drug users. In the central part of China, HIV patients among professional blood donors account for 11% of the reported cases of China. These blood donors were infected through contaminated equipments of illegal blood donor center.The general aim to prevent and cure AIDS in China has been raised in Middle and Long-time Scheme to Prevent and Control AIDS in China, that is, publicizing knowledge of AIDS and venereal diseases and controlling the epidemic and spread.。