DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Saving Reindeer -- and a Community -- in Mongolia
《G4可持续发展报告指南》简体中文版第二部分
ReferenceCase Studies – Examples of CompetenciesPage 1Surf the waves CCreate the waves DBStay afloatPROCESS REDESIGNBUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION PRODUCT INNOVATIONOPTIMISATIONAbility to innovateACOMPLIANCESTAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENTAbility to scaleSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies ) I J onath on Hanks I CSR Retreat As ia 2013 Page 2© Incite 2008Risk getting dumpedGOVERNANCECOLLABORATIVE VALUE CREATION1Surf the waves CProcess re-design: Significantly change products or processes to address societal challenges at any stage of the value chain.Create the waves DBusiness model innovation: Introduce a new, viable business model that addresses societal challenges and which at scale could help to reverse unsustainable trendsBStay afloatOptimisation: Develop human potential and reduce resource use and toxicity per unit of value added.Product innovation: Create viable new products or services that address societal challengesAbility to innovateARisk getting dumpedGovernance: Provide direction and systemic management of the organisation’s purpose, risks and responsibilitiesCollaborative value creation: Partner with an external organisation to design, produce or distribute products or services to address societal challengesAbility to scaleSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies ) I J onath on Hanks I CSR Retreat As ia 2013 Page 3Organisation: Ford Motor Company and Affiliates Project description: FORD2GO, part of Ford’s Blueprint for Mobility. Collaboration and technology for car sharing. Research has shown that in Europe 56% of people would consider car sharing. In another study one car share vehicle replaces nine to 13 vehicles on the road. • Their response is FORD2GO, a collaboration between Ford Germany, it’s dealers, branches and repair shops. A network of almost 1 900 locations • Each location is encouraged to purchase one or two vehicles; these vehicles are then rented via keyless entry to car share clients • Each location receives 80% of the usage fee, a portion goes to Ford and a portion to the software developerSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013© Incite 2008 Page 4Compliance: Track and comply with legal requirements.Engagement: Listen to, interact and transact with a range of stakeholders.2Organisation: Tesla Motors Project: Realising that vehicle range is a key issue for many consumers, Tesla Motors has two solutions:• With the 85kWh battery, charging at supercharger stations is free, for life and it takes only 40 minutes to charge the battery to 80% capacity. The 60kWh model can be upgraded for US$2 000 for life. • If customers are in a rush, a complete battery swap can be made in 90 seconds, for a fee of US$60-80, about the same as filling up with conventional fuel.Sus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 5Organisation: General Electric Project Description: Embedding environmental and economic sustainability in your strategy, across your value chain and operations – Ecomagination: • In 2010 GE set a goal to grow ecomagination revenue at twice the company growth by 2015, this was achieved in 2012. • Shifting from sustainable technology (wind, solar, fuel cells) to solutions for mining and oil and gas. • GE Ventures invests in small business and scales up great ideas by providing capital, technical and commercial expertise. • GE has reduced its absolute GHG emissions by 32% on the 2004 baseline and reduced fresh water use by 46% on the 2006 baseline.Sus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 63Organisation: BMW Group Project Name: Demographic change of employees, BMW identified that their workforce was aging, what did that mean for productivity and how can experience be leveraged? • Working with engineers, employees, physiotherpists and doctors to make workplaces more appropriate • Tilted screens, elastic flooring and education programmes about how to move keep peoples bodies healthy • Stress optimised job rotation and age and healthappropriate shift plans were also implemented • These changes and simulating the predicted age structure ensure the production lines are as efficient as everSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 7Organisation: Nike Project Description: Mapping the value chain and sharing your IP • Nike has fully mapped its global contract factories and gives each a rating, with the aim of incentivising good performance. • Nike’s impacts are split into six areas, Energy & Climate, Labour, Chemistry, Water, Waste and Community • Recently launched, MAKING, a mobile application that ranks materials based on their environmental sustainability • MAKING is free and aids designers to choose lower impact materials • Demonstrates how recycling, organic, green chemistry and water conservation impact on a material’s sustainabilitySus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 84Organisation: Nike Project: Collaboration across divisions designing a shoe made from one thread: • Listening to feedback from runners and their focus on waste reduction led Nike to start a journey of innovation • A four year design phase involving programmers, engineers and designers to create the perfect technology • The shoe upper is woven from a single thread, reducing weight and minimising waste • Resulting in a shoe that is lighter, fits better and has 80% less waste than a standard running shoeSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 9Organisation: Dockers Project Name: Wellthread apparel, creating lasting value through product durability • Product durability – maintaining a garments integrity: a new long staple yarn that holds up to the recycling process • Incremental efficiencies in water and energy use, building on learnings from Levis Water<Less collection • Rethinking the relationship between Levi’s and it’s suppliers lead to a 30% cost reduction that will be passed on to consumers • Core factories and their surrounding communities will benefit from tailor made investments by Levi’sSus tainabili t y c ompet enc i es (Cas e s tudies )IJ onath on HanksICSR Retreat As ia 2013Page 105Organisation: Unilever Project Name: Sustainable living plan – working across the entire value chain. Recognising that the majorty of their impacts are in sourcing or consumer use, Unilever is tackling the issues: • The lifebuoy brand aims to reach 1 billion consumers, promoting the benefit of washing hands with soap at key times • A key part of the programme is better livelihoods for growers, 450 000 tea farmers have been trained to date and a methodology is in development for assessing improvements in smallholder livelihoodsPage 11Organisation: SABMiller Project Name: Developing a cassava-based beer, through localising supply chains, partnering with other organisations and enterprise development • Cassava is difficult to farm on a commercial scale due to the quick deterioration of the root once harvested • Cassava is one of the most widely grown subsistence crops in Africa • SABMiller partnered with the Dutch Agricultural Development and Trading Company, finding an innovative solution, a mobile cassava processing plant, producing a product ready for the brewery • Through localisation, the cost of brewing is reduced, 1 500 smallholder farmers have additional income and environmental impacts are reducedSustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 126Organisation: Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) Project description: A global ICT business partnership for sharing knowledge and resources to drive sustainable innovation in the sector. • GeSI works to identify, understand and share ICT solutions to help individuals, businesses and governments to be more resource efficient. • The organisation has a diverse and global membership base comprising more than 30 of the world’s leading ICT firms. • GeSI offers a network of support for member organisations as they address climate change, energy efficiency, e-waste management, resource efficiency, responsible supply chain practices and human rights. • Building on its membership’s collective experience and technical knowledge, GeSI is a hub for thought leadership for the industry. • Examples of projects include a carbon abatement study on cloud computing, and cooperating with the World Resources Institute (WRI) to provide guidance for the ICT sector in applying the Greenhouse Gas Protocol.Sustainability competencies (Case studies) I Jonathon Hanks I EM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 13Organisation: Vodafone Foundation in partnership with the UN Foundation Project description: Collaborating to use ICT-based solutions to solve developmental challenges. • This five-year technology partnership commenced in 2005. It was one of the first high profile initiatives to breach the public / private divide. • The partnership deployed ICT solutions to three developmental challenges.• Challenge 1: reliable communications during humanitarian crises. The solution: rapid response telecoms deployment, improving use of and access to life-saving mobile and satellite technology. Challenge 2: access to healthcare. The solution: mobile health data systems giving health workers rapid and reliable access to the data on, for example, medicine stocks and disease outbreaks. Challenge 3: accelerate ICT innovation for social development. The solution: developing and sharing thought leadership, research and recommendations to NGOs, governments and different industries.••Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 147Organisation(s): MTN Project description: MTN’s ReadySet solar charger released in selected African markets, including Rwanda and Uganda. • In response to energy access challenges in emerging markets, MTN has begun to distribute the ComekaReadySet. This portable energy device can charge phones, power lights, tablets, and other devices. • It can be charged using solar power or electricity. • This energy access allows for the use of mobile technology and the use of MTN’s services in energy poor communities. It removes the need for dangerous fuels to generate power and can charge up to 10 phones once fully charged. • Added to these benefits, ReadySets provide opportunities for local entrepreneurship, with small businesses selling power on to communities.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 15Organisation(s): Grameenphone Project description: Using renewable energy to power base stations. • Grameenphone started the “Building Greener Network” project in 2007, committing to reduce its GHG emissions by 40% by 2015. • Currently, 134 sites that were previously powered by diesel are powered by solar and wind power. This environmental goal had the added benefit of driving energy cost efficiency. • The aim is to extend this technology to sites that are currently using electricity from the national power grid. • Grameenphone has positioned this initiative as a case study for the industry.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 168Organisation(s): European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT) ICT Labs Project description: The ICT labs are Knowledge and Innovation Communities set up by EIT, as an initiative of the European Union. • With these labs, EIT brings academic institutions and private organisations together to drive European leadership in ICT innovation. The aim is to leverage this innovation for economic growth and to improve Europeans’ quality of life. • EIT has 110 partners across Europe, including large companies such as Deutsche Telekom, Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent. The labs stimulate innovation by facilitating dialogue and collaboration between researchers, academics and businesses. • The ICT labs are focused on specific innovation areas, including smart cities and smart energy systems. • One of the primary overarching objectives of research and collaboration is to enable the ICT sector to support the growth of small and medium enterprises.Sustainability competencies (Case studies)IJonathon Hanks IEM M Network Retreat Bangkok 2013Page 17Organisation(s): IBM Project description: Finding applications for ICT products in smarter, better functioning cities. • IBM’s strategy responds to an increasing demand for more interconnected approaches to city planning. These are approaches in which major amenities such as traffic, power and water are managed in an integrated way. • IBM has identified a role for ICT, and several concrete business opportunities in the “smart city” of the future. This includes the management and use of data as a basis for better decision-making and planning for cities, and in order to increase resource efficiency. • The project has worked with large sets of raw data, converting this into knowledge that can be applied to solve challenges faced by government and businesses. • The IBM Smarter Cities initiative has already engaged in 200 projects across many different cities. Establishing trust and longterm partnerships is a key part of the success of these projects.Page 189Organisation: Ghanaian Government Project description: Using Public Private Partnerships to drive infrastructure and economic development • Ghana is currently facing significant infrastructure challenges that are proving to be constraints to economic development. • Infrastructure, specifically roads linking areas of economic activity, has been identified as a key driver of development and job creation. • The Ghanaian government has identified Public Private Partnerships as the most efficient means of plugging the infrastructure deficit that exists in this middle-income country. • As part of this broader initiative, the Accra-Takoradi road is a very important project for the country. This is because the Takoradi port, the second largest seaport in the Greater Accra Region, serves about 35% of all sea freight into Ghana and undertakes exports of cocoa, timber, bauxite and manganese. The road will unlock further economic potential in the port. • As of 2013, the Ghanaian government has taken steps to determine the feasibility and design of the project.Page 19Organisation: KK Plastic Waste Management Project description: Redesigning the business model to turn waste into revenue • Rasool and Ahmed Khan were faced with a challenge. They had been running a successful plastic bag manufacturing business, when they were faced with a possible ban on all plastic bags in the city of Karnataka (India). • The brothers had been intrigued by the possibility of plastic bags being used as an input for road tar. With advice from experts at Bangalore University, they started with pothole repair, using a mix of plastic, tar, stones and aggregate. The new formula was found to be both effective and cost efficient. • Soon the plastic manufacturers were reborn as KK Waste Management. They were awarded a patent and the backing of the Central Roads Research Institute in Dehli. • The company has also boosted the livelihood of traditional kabaadiwalas (waste collectors) and rag pickers, who are paid INR6/kilo for the waste they collect from homes and streets.Page 2010Organisation(s):Lafarge and WWF global partnershipProject description:Partnering for sustainable development•The partnership has run from 2000-2013 (due for renewal thisyear), and is based on the guiding principles of: a collaborativerelationship, ongoing dialogue and mutual trust, leading to jointlydefined goals. The WWF is seen to be the “critical friend” in thisrelationship.•Key areas addressed are: Climate change; Persistent pollutants;Water management; Biodiversity; Sustainable construction•Local operations are empowered to act, linking with nationalPage 21。
The Human Development Report HDR教学文章
Passage 1The Definition of the Human Development ReportThe Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual report published by the United Nations, aiming at raising awareness about human development around the world. It presents the current situation related to global development, points out the problems and seeks for ways to solve these problems.There are global Human Development Reports, such as Human Development Report 2007: Fighting climate change, national Human Development Reports, such as National Human Development 2018: China, and regional（区域的）Human Development Reports, such as Regional Human Development Report 2016: Africa.Passage 2The Human Development ReportIn the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report.One of the most important sections of this report is the Human Development Index. This examines the achievements of 175 countries. The Index measures a country’s achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other five countries are: Iceland (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.The report describes eight Development Goals. The most important goals are to:·reduce poverty and hunger; ·make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11;·fight AIDS and other diseases;·improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water, ·encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953-1962)，China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world, such as Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.Passage 3Important Factors in A Human Development Report There are many factors which are used in a Human Development Report to measure the level of development of a country, the most important two of which include the Human Development Index (HDI) and GDP per capita (人均国内生产总值）.HDI is a measurement system developed by the UN to measure the level of the social and economic development of a country. It consists of three areas: income, education and life expectancy. Through analysis of the figures of these areas, here comes the HDI score. Generally speaking, the higher the HDI score is, the more prosperous(繁荣的) the country is.GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country for a particular period, mostly yearly. GDP per capita is got by dividing GDP by the total population. If the GDP per capita of a country is high, the country is more developed. In some cases, there’s a huge difference between GDP and GDP per capita. For instance, GDP of China is very close to that of the US economy, however, GDP per capita of China falls way behind the US because of its huge population.Passage 4Data Presenting the Level of DevelopmentRecently the United Nations has released the data which shows the level of development around the world in 2018. Here are some examples.Part 1Table 1Human Development Index, UN, 2018Table 2Human Development Databank, UN, 2018Part 2Some related data in 1990 has also been listed, from which we can see the development of China.Table 3Human Development Databank, UN, 2018 In 2018, Norway’s average education years is 12.6 years, about 1.5 times longer than that in China. However, from 1990 to 2018, the average education years has increased from 4.8 years to 7.8 years. It ’s grown by 62.5% , from 4.8 years, since 1990, which shows that China has made great progress in education.For more information, please click /en/data.Word list :regional (adj.)区域的 life expectancy 预期寿命the Human Development Index/HDI 人类发展指数prosperous(adj.) 繁荣的Gross Domestic Product(GDP) 国内生产总值 GDP per capita 人均国内生产总值 rank(n./v.) 名次/排名。
人类发展报告总结英语作文
人类发展报告总结英语作文Title: Summary of Human Development Report。
The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual publication by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which provides insights into various aspects of human development worldwide. In this summary, we'll delve into the key findings and recommendations presented in the latest HDR.The latest HDR highlights several crucial aspects of human development, including education, healthcare, income distribution, and environmental sustainability. One of the primary focuses is on education, emphasizing its role in fostering human capabilities and promoting sustainable development. The report underscores the importance of quality education in enabling individuals to leadfulfilling lives and contribute to society effectively.Moreover, healthcare is identified as another criticaldeterminant of human development. Access to healthcare services, including essential medicines and vaccinations,is essential for improving overall well-being and life expectancy. The report stresses the need for equitable access to healthcare, particularly for marginalized and vulnerable populations.Income distribution emerges as a significant concern in the HDR, with a spotlight on reducing inequalities within and among countries. Addressing income disparities is crucial for ensuring inclusive growth and fostering social cohesion. The report calls for policies that promote fair wages, social protection systems, and progressive taxation to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.Environmental sustainability is also a key theme in the HDR, underscoring the urgent need to address climate change and environmental degradation. Sustainable development requires balancing economic growth with environmental conservation and climate action. The report advocates for green technologies, renewable energy sources, and conservation efforts to mitigate the adverse effects ofclimate change and safeguard the planet for future generations.Furthermore, the HDR emphasizes the importance of gender equality in advancing human development. Empowering women and girls through education, healthcare, and economic opportunities is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals. The report calls for concerted efforts to eliminate gender-based discrimination and ensure equal rights and opportunities for all.In conclusion, the Human Development Report offers valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of human development and the challenges that need to be addressed to create a more equitable and sustainable world. By prioritizing education, healthcare, income distribution, environmental sustainability, and gender equality, countries can work towards building inclusive societies where every individual has the opportunity to thrive.。
英语作文-环保产业发展引导政策
英语作文-环保产业发展引导政策The development of the environmental protection industry is not just a response to ecological crises; it is a strategic move towards sustainable economic growth. Guiding policies play a crucial role in shaping the trajectory of this industry, ensuring that it aligns with broader environmental goals while fostering innovation and competitiveness.Environmental policies aimed at industry development must prioritize research and development (R&D). By incentivizing R&D through tax credits, grants, and subsidies, governments can encourage the creation of new technologies that reduce emissions and waste. These policies should also support the scaling up of promising innovations, facilitating their transition from the laboratory to the marketplace.Another key aspect is the establishment of clear regulatory standards. These standards, which can include limits on pollutants and requirements for energy efficiency, not only protect the environment but also create a level playing field for businesses. Companies that invest in cleaner technologies gain a competitive advantage, as they are better prepared to meet these regulations.Financial mechanisms are also essential. Low-interest loans, green bonds, and other financial products can provide the necessary capital for companies to invest in eco-friendly technologies. Moreover, these financial instruments can attract private investors looking to contribute to environmental sustainability while also seeking returns on their investments.Public awareness and education are equally important. Policies should aim to increase public understanding of environmental issues and the role of the environmental protection industry. This can be achieved through campaigns, educational programs, and partnerships with non-governmental organizations. An informed public is more likely to support and participate in sustainable practices, creating a market for green products and services.Furthermore, international collaboration is vital. Climate change and environmental degradation are global challenges that require coordinated action. Policies that promote the sharing of knowledge, technology transfer, and joint ventures can enhance the global capacity to address environmental issues. Such collaboration can also open up new markets for environmental goods and services, promoting economic growth.In conclusion, guiding policies for the development of the environmental protection industry must be multifaceted. They should foster innovation, set clear standards, provide financial support, educate the public, and encourage international cooperation. With these policies in place, the environmental protection industry can thrive, contributing to a healthier planet and a more sustainable economy. The success of these policies will be measured not just in economic terms but in the legacy they leave for future generations—a cleaner, greener world. 。
《小学英语阅读拓展训练：百科英语阅读(四年级)》读书笔记模板
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Dog’s Day A Family A River The Pizza Machine Dance to the Beat
Brave Firefighters Cats Make Great Pets Farms The Helper Bird A “Friend” in a Car
小学英语阅读拓展训练：百科英语 阅读（四年级）
读书笔记模板
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03 读书笔记 05 精彩摘录
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《小学英语阅读拓展训练：百科英语阅读》精选60篇百科知识性英文阅读文章，体例为英文原文+单词注释+ 阅读练习+中文翻译，希望学生通过阅读百科阅读文章，提高英语阅读技能的同时，获取相关知识。本书主题包括 万象，涉及人体奥秘、天文地理、军事交通、生物王国、信息科技、历史文化、国家体育等。市场上的小学英语 阅读训练类图书选文多以故事类为主，强调阅读的趣味性，本系列图书包罗万象，主题丰富，强调通过阅读获取 知识。
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读书笔记
我们的确，，我的确是个很酷呢！这种东西我会发现原来这个地方的问题已经开始困扰很多很多好多的困 扰！。
目录分析
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reindeer
reindeerReindeer: An Iconic Symbol of the ArcticIntroductionReindeer, also known as caribou in North America, are fascinating creatures that reside in the Arctic regions of the world. These majestic animals have captivated the human imagination for centuries, serving as a symbol of the Arctic and playing a significant role in the lives of indigenous communities. From their physical adaptations to their social behavior, reindeer have adapted to survive in some of the harshest environments on Earth.Physical Characteristics and AdaptationsReindeer have several physical characteristics that enable them to thrive in the Arctic. One of their most notable features is their large, crescent-shaped antlers, which are primarily found in males. These antlers serve various purposes, including fighting other males during the mating season and digging through the snow to access food during the winter months.Another remarkable adaptation of reindeer is their thick fur, which consists of two layers. The outer layer is composed of long, hollow guard hairs that provide insulation against the cold temperatures, while the inner layer is a dense undercoat that helps maintain body heat. In addition, reindeer possess large hooves that act as snowshoes, preventing them from sinking into the snow and enhancing their mobility across the Arctic landscape.Diet and Feeding HabitsReindeer are herbivores, feeding primarily on grass, sedges, lichens, and mosses. During the summer months, when food is abundant, reindeer graze on grasses and other low-lying vegetation. However, during the long, harsh Arctic winters, these resources become scarce, and reindeer have a remarkable ability to dig through the snow and uncover hidden lichen and moss patches for sustenance. This adaptation allows them to survive in regions where other herbivores struggle to find food.Migration PatternsMigration is a prominent characteristic of reindeer behavior. It is especially evident in Arctic regions, where seasonal changes and resource availability strongly influence the distribution of reindeer herds. In many cases, reindeer herds undertake long-distance migrations, traveling hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. These journeys can be perilous, as herds face extreme weather conditions and the constant threat of predators. However, the ability to migrate allows reindeer to access different food sources and avoid areas with heavy snow or predators.Cultural SignificanceReindeer hold immense cultural significance for indigenous communities inhabiting the Arctic regions. Throughout history, these communities have relied on reindeer for sustenance, clothing, and transportation. Reindeer herding has been a traditional way of life for generations, as indigenous people have developed a deep bond with these animals. The reindeer's adaptability and ability to navigate harsh environments have made it an essential part of their culture and survival.Conservation ChallengesDespite their resilience, reindeer face several conservation challenges in modern times. Climate change is threatening their natural habitats, leading to reduced availability of food and altered migration patterns. Additionally, increased human activity in the Arctic, such as industrial development and infrastructure projects, disrupts reindeer migration routes and can cause disturbances to their populations. Conservation efforts must focus on addressing these challenges to ensure the long-term survival of reindeer.ConclusionReindeer are an iconic symbol of the Arctic, possessing remarkable physical adaptations and social behaviors that allow them to thrive in one of the harshest environments on Earth. Their large antlers, thick fur, and incredible migration capabilities make them a fascinating species to study. Moreover, reindeer hold cultural significance for indigenous communities who have depended on and coexisted with these majestic creatures for centuries. As we navigate the challenges of climate change and human encroachment on their territories, it is crucial to prioritize conservation efforts to protect reindeer and preserve the fragile Arctic ecosystems they call home.。
OECD绿色增长战略阶段性报告2010英文版
Box 1. Contribution of the Green Growth Strategy ................................. 14 Box 2. Progress on key environmental challenges.................................. 16 Box 3. Environmental externalities and market failures ....................... 19 Box 4. Key pillars for pro-poor Green Growth ......................................... 25 Box 5. Employment potential of green components of stimulus packages – some examples ........................................................................ 27 Box 6. The scope for moving forward public infrastructure investment .................................................................................................... 29 Box 7. Car-scrapping schemes and green growth................................... 30 Box 8. Agricultural subsidies and green growth ..................................... 35 Box 9. Examples of renewed interest in CO2-related taxes.................... 38 Box 10. Proceeds from auctioned emissions trading permits: some examples ....................................................................................................... 40 Box 11. Addressing carbon leakage and competitiveness impacts of climate policies............................................................................................. 41 Box 12. Patents and international technology transfer.......................... 47 Box 13. Transport – a growing source of CO2 emissions1 ....................... 52 Box 14. An extension of the OECD ENV-Linkages model....................... 56 Box 15. Regional and local implications of a transition towards a low-carbon economy and green growth .................................................. 58 Box 16. Key principles in selecting indicators to monitor progress with green growth........................................................................................ 62 Box II.1. The role of regulatory policy and reform .................................. 77 Box II.2. Markets and competition............................................................. 79 Box II.3. Consumer policy ........................................................................... 80 Box II.4. Responsible business conduct in support of a low carbon economy ........................................................................................................ 81 Box II.5. Taxation, innovation and the environment ............................. 82 Box II.6. “Smart” ICT applications enabling green growth .................... 84 Box II.7. Regional innovation systems for eco-innovation .................... 85 Box II.8. New models for international co-operation on ecoinnovation ..................................................................................................... 86 Box II.9. Enhancing the cost-effectiveness of biodiversity policies...... 87 Box II.10. Outcome of the February 2010 OECD Agriculture Ministerial Meeting ...................................................................................... 88 Box II.11. Relevant work for green growth measurements ................... 89
DEVELOPMENT REPORT - U.N. Report Warns of Risk to Goal to Cut Poverty by 2015
DEVELOPMENT REPORT - U.N. Report Warns of Risk to Goal to Cut Poverty by 2015By Jill MossBroadcast: Monday, September 12, 2005I'm Barbara Klein with the VOA Special English Development Report.The United Nations has released its two thousand five Human Development Report. The report shows that eighteen countries have moved down the list in terms of conditions for their people. Twelve are in central and southern Africa. The others are former Soviet republics.But the U.N. report says many other nations have made progress. It says people in developing countries are generally healthier, wealthier and better educated than they were fifteen years ago. And they are also more likely to live in a democratic system.The report says one hundred thirty million people escaped extreme poverty during the nineteen nineties. And more than one thousand million gained access to clean water. But the study says two and one-half thousand million people still live on less than two dollars a day. And around half as many still do not have safe water.The U.N. Development Program has published the yearly report sincenineteen ninety. This year's came out last week. Later this week is the WorldSummit in New York. Leaders will mark the sixtieth anniversary of the UnitedNations. They also will discuss progress over the past five years toward theU.N.'s Millennium Development Goals.One goal is to cut the number of people living in extreme poverty by fiftypercent by two thousand fifteen. Other goals are to reduce child deaths bytwo-thirds and to provide basic education for all children in the next ten years. The new Human Development Report warns that the goals are at risk. It says that without more money for development, there will be millions of deaths that could have been prevented. And, it says, more than eight hundred million people will still be living in extreme poverty. The number is almost four hundred million higher than the target for two thousand fifteen.The U.N. report says developing nations must seek investment and fight dishonesty. But it says economic growth alone will not help most countries reach the goal to reduce poverty. It says they must also fight social inequalities and respect human rights.Finally, the report calls for major changes to international policies on aid, trade and security. It United Nationssays the world has the resources to end poverty, but must also have the political will.This VOA Special English Development Report was written by Jill Moss. Our reports are on the Internet at . I'm Barbara Klein.。
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Morgan Keay says the Tsaatan are becoming economically independent for the first time. The Mongolian government is now considering a development plan written by the community. The plan deals with education, health, the environment and economics. And பைடு நூலகம்hat's the VOA Special English Development Report, written by Karen Leggett. For pictures, transcripts and MP3 archives of our reports, go to .
members of the Tsaatan community in Mongolia
The Itgel Foundation has helped bring foreign scientists to Mongolia to research and treat reindeer diseases. Itgel also helped Tsaatan workers build a community and visitor center. The building includes guest rooms for tourists. The Tsaatan not only work as guides, they now provide all services for travelers. The community works in partnership with international tour operators. Those tour operators had formerly been in control of the services. People in the community designed the center, which they also own and manage. Before the visitor center was built,
DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Saving Reindeer -- and a Community -- in Mongolia
By Karen Leggett / Broadcast date: Monday, September 01, 2008 Source: /voanews/specialenglish/ This is the VOA Special English Development Report. In far northern Mongolia, the survival of the smallest ethnic group in the country depends on reindeer. An American named Morgan Keay visited the Tsaatan community when she was studying in Mongolia in two thousand two. Leaders told her that the animals were not healthy and the number of reindeer was getting too small to support the community. When she left, the chief gave her his grandfather's smoking pipe. That way she would remember the Tsaatan and try to help them. The Tsaatan have about five hundred members. About half are reindeer herders up in the Taiga mountains. The other half live in a town. Morgan Keay, right, with Back in the United States, Morgan Keay and a friend who had also studied in Mongolia started an organization. They named it Itgel -- the Mongolian word for hope.
families earned an average of one hundred dollars a year. Now Morgan Keay says the average is three to four times that. Money also goes into a community fund. Four years ago the Tsaatan had fewer than five hundred reindeer. Now Morgan Keay says the herd has just reached nine hundred. Last year, the Tsaatan learned that the government of Mongolia planned to spend one and a half million dollars on their community. But no one had talked to the Tsaatan about the plans. The Itgel Foundation organized a meeting between community members and government representatives.