GCE A Level Physics Question G481 Mechanics Visually Impaired
CIE AS ALevel Paper3 物理2020年真题 实验题
Cambridge International AS & A LevelDC (JC/CT) 182587/3© UCLES 2020[Turn overThis document has 12 pages. Blank pages are indicated.*5745011940*PHYSICS 9702/33Paper 3 Advanced Practical Skills 1 February/March 20202 hoursYou must answer on the question paper.You will need: The materials and apparatus listed in the confidential instructionsINSTRUCTIONS●Answer all questions.●Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.●Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ●Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ●Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ●Do not write on any bar codes.●You will be allowed to work with the apparatus for a maximum of 1 hour for each question.●You should record all your observations in the spaces provided in the question paper as soon as theseobservations are made. ●You may use a calculator.●You should show all your working and use appropriate units.INFORMATION●The total mark for this paper is 40.●The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].For Examiner’s Use 12TotalBLANK PAGE © UCLES 20209702/33/F/M/209702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020[Turn overYou may not need to use all of the materials provided.1In this experiment you will investigate the oscillations of a rod.(a)• Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1.1. •A djust the apparatus until the two springs are approximately 15 cm apart. Each springshould be vertical and the same distance from the middle of the rod. The rod should beparallel to the bench.Fig. 1.1•T he distance between the two springs where they support the rod is x , as shown in Fig. 1.1. Measure and record x .x = ....................................................cm [1](b)•L ift one end of the rod a short distance and push the other end of the rod down a shortdistance. Release the rod so that it oscillates with a rocking motion, as shown in Fig. 1.2.FRONT VIEWFig. 1.2•T ake measurements to determine the period T of the oscillation.T = .......................................................s [2](c) •C hange x by moving the stands. Adjust the apparatus until the springs are vertical andthe rod is parallel to the bench. Measure x and T.•Repeat until you have six sets of values of x and T.•Record your results in a table. Include values of 1x in your table.[9](d) (i) Plot a graph of T on the y-axis against 1x on the x-axis. [3](ii) Draw the straight line of best fit. [1] (iii) Determine the gradient and y-intercept of this line.gradient = ...............................................................y-intercept = ...............................................................[2]9702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020© UCLES 2020[Turn over9702/33/F/M/20(e) It is suggested that the quantities T and x are related by the equationT = ax + bwhere a and b are constants.Use your answers in (d)(iii) to determine the values of a and b.Give appropriate units.a = ...............................................................b = ...............................................................[2][Total: 20]9702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020You may not need to use all of the materials provided.2 In this experiment you will investigate the magnetic field produced by an electrical current.(a) You are provided with a length of wire wrapped around a plastic channel to form a coil, asshown in Fig. 2.1.other groove)Fig. 2.1Count and record the number N of turns of wire in the coil.N = (1)© UCLES 2020[Turn over9702/33/F/M/20•S lide the compass into the plastic channel so that it is in the middle of the coil.(b)•C onnect the circuit as shown in Fig. 2.2.•R otate the channel on the bench until the arrow of the compass is perpendicular to the channel, as shown.clipFig. 2.2•T he distance between the first and last turns of wire is L, as shown in Fig. 2.2. Measure and record L.L = (1)(c) •C lose the switch. The compass arrow will rotate through an angle θ.•M easure and record θ.θ = .............................................................°•R ecord the ammeter reading I.I = ...............................................................•O pen the switch.[2]© UCLES 20209702/33/F/M/20(d)Estimate the percentage uncertainty in your value of θ.percentage uncertainty = (1)(e) Calculate the value of B usingB = μ0(N−1) ILwhere μ0 = 1.26 × 10–6 N A–2.B = .........................................N A–1 m–1 [1]9702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020[Turn over(f) •D isconnect the crocodile clips and remove the compass.•R emove the tape and the wire. Re-wind the wire in adjacent grooves (instead of every other groove), as shown in Fig. 2.3.•Re-fix the tape.Fig. 2.3•R epeat (a), (b), (c) and (e).N = ...............................................................L = ...............................................................θ = .............................................................°I = ...............................................................B = ...............................................N A–1 m–1[3]© UCLES 20209702/33/F/M/209702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020[Turn over(g) It is suggested that the relationship between θ and B istan θ = B kwhere k is a constant.(i) Using your data, calculate two values of k .first value of k = ............................................................... second value of k = ............................................................... [1] (ii)Justify the number of significant figures you have given for your values of k . ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iii)Explain whether your results in (g)(i) support the suggested relationship. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... . (1)9702/33/F/M/20© UCLES 2020Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at after the live examination series.Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.(h) (i) Describe four sources of uncertainty or limitations of the procedure for this experiment.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 ........................................................................................................................................ (4)(ii) Describe four improvements that could be made to this experiment. You may suggest the use of other apparatus or different procedures.1 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 ........................................................................................................................................ (4)[Total: 20]。
2024届北京市朝阳区高三下学期5月学业水平等级性考试物理试题
2024届北京市朝阳区高三下学期5月学业水平等级性考试物理试题一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题风洞实验可以模拟高空跳伞情况下人体所承受气流的状态。
已知物体受到的空气阻力F与物体相对空气的速度v满足（S为物体迎风面积，C为风阻系数，为空气密度）。
图甲中风洞竖直向上匀速送风，一质量为m的物体从A处由静止下落，一段时间后在B处打开降落伞，相对速度的平方与加速度大小a的关系图像如图乙所示，重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．开伞前加速度向下，越来越大B．开伞后加速度向上，越来越大C．开伞前物体迎风面积为D．开伞后物体迎风面积为第(2)题在空间技术发展过程中，喷气背包曾经作为宇航员舱外活动的主要动力装置，它能让宇航员保持较高的机动性。
如图所示，宇航员在距离空间站舱门为d的位置与空间站保持相对静止，启动喷气背包，压缩气体通过横截面积为S的喷口以速度持续喷出，宇航员到达舱门时的速度为。
若宇航员连同整套舱外太空服的质量为M，不计喷出气体后宇航员和装备质量的变化，忽略宇航员的速度对喷气速度的影响以及喷气过程中压缩气体密度的变化，则喷出压缩气体的密度为（ ）A．B．C．D．第(3)题据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，神舟十六号载人飞船入轨后，于2023年5月30日16时29分成功对接于空间站天和核心舱径向端口，神舟十六号成功对接空间站如图甲所示，在对接之前的某段时间内，“神舟十六号”和“空间站”分别在圆形轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ上做匀速圆周运动如图乙所示，已知对接后组合体可看作绕地球做匀速圆周运动，运行轨道距地面高度为h。
地球半径为R，地球表面重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（ ）A．对接前神舟十六号运行周期大于空间站的运行周期B．神舟十六号飞船与空间站对接后，空间站因质量增大，其加速度将减小C．组合体轨道处的重力加速度为D．组合体的运行速度为第(4)题如图所示，含理想变压器的电路中，两端接在输出电压的交流电源上，的阻值是R的4倍。
A-level physics课程介绍
A-level physics课程介绍物理课程简介A-Level物理是大部分学习理工科学生的必选科目，也是部分商科学生的备选科目。
此外物理基本上也会是这部分学生进入大学之后的公共课或者必修课，A-Level阶段的学习可以帮助学生及早掌握大量的专业单词，从而降低进入大学后学习的难度，可以为大学阶段的学习打下良好语言和专业知识基础。
A-Level物理课程如其它所有A-Level的学科一样总共有6个单元，分为AS，A2两本书，都包含理论、实验两大部分。
理论部分为四个单元，分别为Unit 1：Physics on the Go；Unit 2：Physics at Work；Unit 4：Physics on the Move；Unit 5：Physics from Creation to Collapse。
实验部分为两个单元进行，分别是Unit 3和Unit6。
下面将对A-Level物理考试与国内物理学习的不同之处，A-Level物理的评分标准，每个单元的考试内容做一简单的分析介绍。
A-Level物理与国内物理的大不同首先A-Level物理考试分单元进行，所学内容分别出现在六份试卷中，而不是像国内一样所有内容在一份试卷中完成，所以综合各类试题很少，这在一定程度上降低了学习的难度。
其次是A-Level的物理考试更重视学生对物理知识的理解以及在实际生活中的应用，这致使A-Level物理考试的题型与国内物理考试有很大的不同。
在A-Level的物理考试中有一类很经典的题型就是解释题，就是要求学生根据所学的物理原理对生活中的一些问题进行解释，而且此类型题目的比例相当重，分值不少于卷面总分值的一半，因此对学生的语言有一定的要求。
对中国学生利好的一面是A-Level考试中的计算题不多，即使有也是很简单的计算，对学生的计算技能要求不高。
再有，为了帮助学生更好地理解所学的内容，A-Level的课程设置里面特别强调了相关知识点的实验，教材中有两个单元（Unit 3 and Unit 6）是专门讲物理实验的。
超实用!这些GCSE、A-level物理学习网站简直是神助攻!
超实用！这些GCSE/A-level物理学习网站简直是神助攻！GCSE，中文译为普通中等教育证书，是英国学生完成第一阶段中等教育会考所颁发的证书。
GCSE有一年制和两年制之分。
必修课包括英语、数学、设计与技术、语言、自然科学、宗教、通讯技术及体育等。
GCSE即英国普通初级中学毕业文凭，相当于中国国内的初中毕业考试文凭，但实际上，GCSE是英国中学10年级和11年级的学习课程，程度和要求都比国内初中毕业生要高，从理论上说应该是国内的高一学生申请较为合适。
在英国，学生在十四岁左右时进入GCSE课程学习，学制两年。
两年的课程结束后，需参加GCSE的统一考试，学生的成绩主要取决于考试，只有少数科目是根据学生全年的学习情况进行评估，成绩等级从最高的A*一直到G。
还包括U与X，U就是ungraded；X为absent。
A-Level（General Certificate of Education Advanced Level ），英国高中课程，是英国全民课程体系，是英国普通中等教育证书考试高级水平课程，也是英国学生的大学入学考试课程。
英国的大多数中学开设的ALevel课程科目相当广泛，有文科、商科、经济、语言、数学、理科、计算、法律、媒体、音乐等。
A- Level课程一般在中国开设数学、进阶数学（或称高等数学）、物理、计算机学、会计学、商业学、经济学等课程供学生选择。
应该选择哪几门课程是学生和家长都普遍关注的问题，但也是非常难回答的一个问题。
英国、加拿大、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、新西兰、新加坡等英语国家没有统一的大学入学标准，虽然它们都认可A-Level证书，但是各所大学、各个专业对学生学过哪几门A-Level课程以及成绩都有不同的要求。
所以怎样选择课程并没有一个唯一的答案。
学生选择课程时，一般要考虑现在自己的优势科目和将来的发展方向，即你想选择哪个大学、什么专业，从而根据他们的要求有的放矢地选课。
然而，对于16-18岁的学生做这样的选择也是很难的，因为自己可能还没有一个清晰的决定。
中英中学物理实验考题支架构建特点的分析与启示
中英中学物理实验考题支架构建特点的分析与启示蒋昱宸陈航燕(苏州大学物理科学与技术学院江苏苏州215006)(收稿日期:20210220)摘要:以电学实验题为例,对苏州中考和江苏高考,以及英国剑桥委员会设立的I G C S E ㊁A S ㊁A L e v e l 这5类考试中考查支架的搭建特点进行了对比分析.以苏州中考及江苏高考为例的国内考试中的实验题支架,旨在培养学生控制变量㊁注意实验安全,以及进行误差分析;英国I G C S E 及A S 考试中的实验题支架,目的在于为考生给出明确的操作指示,培养其实验操作能力.此外,与我国高考实验题的支架设置不同,基于I G C S E 及A S 阶段的基础学习,AL e v e l 考试的实验题完全拆除了支架,不再给学生提供解题思路与步骤,考查学生独立设计实验的能力.这种进阶式实验题支架搭建及拆除的模式,能为学生的实验能力培养提供有效帮助.关键词:苏州中考江苏高考I G C S E 考试AL e v e l 考试支架教学1 问题的提出实验是物理学研究的基础,实验教学是高中物理课程教学的重要组成部分[1].在高中毕业时,考生还不能独立进行实验,这使得学生在进入大学后会感到跨度很大,在大学物理实验中常常碰壁.笔者在研究时发现,我国的中/高考中均设有实验题,且实验题是以问答题的形式出现.与之相比,英国剑桥委员会设立的I G C S E 考试(相当于我国的中考)和A L e v e l 考试(相当于我国的高考)中设有专门的实验笔试卷及操作卷.由于英国的物理考试十分重视对实验技能的培养,因此通过对比分析两类考试实验考题,对我国实验教学的考核会有所启发.2 理论建构在最初接触到物理实验操作时,学生离不开教师的指导;在进行实验类题目答题过程中,也需要根据题干的指引才能顺利完成.这些 帮助 ,都属于教育学中的 支架 .这些支架是为了让学生在学习知识时,能够拥有一个不断向上的平台[2],从而在心中构筑起知识的高楼大厦.支架的设立最终目的是为了拆除支架后,学生能够自主 搭建 支架,构建完整的知识体系,学会自问自答,找到解题思路,并能举一反三,真正融会 支架 思想[3].根据JF e r r e i r a -B a u t i s t a a n d M P i f a r r é的支架理论,支架的类型有概念支架㊁程序性支架和策略性支架[4].在物理实验中,概念支架一般为知识支架,即物理量的含义㊁理论㊁公式等;程序性支架一般为过程支架,即实验步骤的设计㊁为数据处理搭建好的表格等;策略性支架为帮助培养学生思维的支架,如误差分析支架.3 国内中考到高考的支架搭建进阶3.1 苏州中考题支架构建分析ʌ例1ɔ(苏州市2019年中考题第30题)题目略.该题涉及的主要知识点及问题如下.(1)将电路图连接完整(图1);(2)判断闭合开关前,滑动变阻器滑片所处位置;(3)给出故障现象,判断故障原因;(4)判断电压表量程的选取范围;(5)求出待测电阻阻值.图1 苏州中考题图作者简介:蒋昱宸(1998 ),女,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为中外物理教学对比.指导教师:陈航燕(1984 ),女,副教授,研究方向为学科教学(物理).401 2021年第9期 物理通报 物理实验教学该题原题有4问,支架构建分析如下:第(1)问中,搭建了电路图的概念支架,引出实验方法.第(2)问中提供实验策略支架,引导学生有意识地关注实验安全事项.第(3)问中,题干搭建了故障检验的过程支架.第(4)问中搭建好了程序性框架,旨在让学生脱离定势思维,拓展学生的思考模式.这里,提出的方法属于策略性支架, 均匀电阻丝阻值与长度成正比 属于知识支架.题干要求利用表中 所有 数据求出电阻阻值,是一个误差分析支架.题目测量数据表中的3组数据求出的电阻值并不相同,这说明实验中有随机误差,需要多次测量取平均值来提高实验的准确度.3.2江苏省高考题支架构建分析ʌ例2ɔ(2020年高考江苏第10题)题略.该题中的实验电路图如图2所示.题目主要问题表述如下:(1)将实物电路连接完整;(2)调节滑动变阻器,在方格纸上作出I U 图线;(3)根据I U图线,判断该元件是否为线性元件;(4)若用导线代替R0,选出可能会导致的后果.图2江苏高考题图不难发现,与中考题相似.在第(1)问中,给出了实验图的概念支架,实验方法明确.与中考题相比,在第(2)问中加入了数据处理的要求,但数据直接给出,数据处理表的坐标轴与标度也已经标好,为学生搭建好了数据分析的支架.在第(3)问中 根据作出的I U曲线可知 给出了判断依据,属于分析支架的搭建.在第(4)问中搭建了误差分析和电路安全分析的支架.3.3我国中考题与高考题的对比分析对比我国中考与高考的实验题,可以发现有以下特点.3.3.1都重视电路安全和误差分析中考和高考题都考查了电路安全和误差分析的知识点,这对于考生的实操非常重要.由于中考学生年龄小,思维接受能力有限,所以只考查了随机误差的减小方式,但 多次测量取平均值 这一考点频繁出现,使学生可以通过 死记硬背 的方式解题.高考题对减小误差的措施没有考到,可见误差分析的考查还没有到位.电路安全方面,中考和高考题都给出了明显的支架,学生只需要做出判断.这样的考查方式并不能让学生在实际操作时自主地实行保护实验安全的操作.3.3.2在数据处理的要求和电路的复杂程度方面有进阶中考题中的待测电阻是一个定值电阻,而高考题中的待测电阻是一个非线性元件,学生需从I U 图像的性质中得到所需结论.从数据处理的进阶方式可以看出,考题尊重了学生思维发展的特点,高中生处理数据的方式更加抽象.中考题中的电路图是一个简单的串联电路,而高考题中的电路图是一个混联电路,这对学生对电路图原理的掌握程度的要求加深了.3.3.3支架没有明显减少中考题中每一问前都有一个支架,高考题中的支架也十分明显,从电路连接到作数据分析图,题干都给了明确的指示和要求,尤其是作图时,坐标标度已经给出.在判断电路安全与误差分析时,给出了具体步骤,并指明了选择的范围.4英国剑桥委员会考试的支架搭建进阶4.1I G C S E阶段试题支架构建分析ʌ例3ɔ(I G C S E2020年夏季考试第5卷第1题)题目涉及测量白炽灯的电阻.电路图如图3所示.主要问题如下:(1)测量电路中的电流I1,灯泡L1的电势差V1.运用公式R1=V1I1,计算出灯泡L1的电阻R1,给出电阻单位.5012021年第9期物理通报物理实验教学图3 I G C S E 考试题图(2)将灯泡L 2与L 1串联.测量电路中的电流I 2和灯泡L 2两端的电势差V 2.(3)将灯泡L 3与L 1,L 2串联.测量电路中的电流I 3,灯泡L 3两端的电势差V 3.(4)计算R 1+R 2+R 3.(5)学生们对实验结果做出了评论.评论A :R 1+R 2+R 3应当等于3R 1;评论B :R 1+R 2+R 3应当小于3R 1;评论C :R 1+R 2+R 3应当大于3R 1.哪个评论与你的结果吻合?根据你的结果证明你的答案是正确的.(6)一名学生想要研究第(5)问中的陈述对于3个相同的串联的灯泡是否总是正确的.请说明他应该改变的变量,以及如何改变.I G C S E 的考试给出了非常明确与细致的过程支架,对学生所有的操作步骤都有着明确的指示.在涉及到计算时,考题直接给出了知识支架,即公式R =V I .在记录数据时,明确了规范性,例如 给出单位 用合适的有效数字来表示答案 .在第(6)问中要求在支架的指引下对实验进行设计.通过对题目的分析可以总结出I G C S E 具有以下特点.4.1.1 重视测量这一道考题中出现了6次测量,对学生的动手能力以及数据的读取有着要求.测量能力是物理学中最基础的能力,若是没有掌握测量的方法,则很难获得科学的数据,也无从得出科学的实验结论.I G C S E 对基础性实验能力的重视值得引起我们的关注.4.1.2 让学生在实验中感受实验安全与国内中考题相似,I G C S E 在考查中也涉及到了实验安全.但不同的是,国内中考是采取让学生判断如何操作才能保证实验安全,而I G C S E 考试是利用明确的操作指示,让学生在实验中感受到实验规范,在做实验时处处牢记实验安全.4.1.3 重视实验过程而不是理论在(5)问中,由于实验中必然存在误差,且小灯泡也并非严格的线性原件,导致了实验测出的数据很难得出理论上的相等结论.但评分标准上明确写着,只要写出的评论与实验数据相符即可.这种没有所谓的 正确而唯一 的答案的评分方法,能够培养勇于尝试的科学精神.4.2 A S 阶段试题支架构建分析ʌ例4ɔ(A S 学年段2020年实验考试第1题)题目略.实验图如图4所示.主要问题表述如下.图4 A S 考试题图(1)记录电阻阻值R .接通开关,记录电压表的读数V 后,断开开关.(2)改变R 处的电阻,重复(1),直至得到6组R 和V 的读数.自行设计记录表记录结果.(3)(ⅰ)画出以1V 为y 轴,1R为x 轴的图像.(ⅱ)画出最佳拟合线.(ⅲ)求出这条线的斜率和纵截距.(4)物理量V 和R 用公式1V =A R+B 相关联.利用你在第(3)问(ⅲ)中得到的结果,求出A 和B .(5)(ⅰ)已知B =2E,E 是电源电动势,求出E .(ⅱ)当R =X 时,已知1V =3E,求出X .A S 考试相当于我国高二结束后参加的考试.A S 阶段电学实验考试具有以下特点.4.2.1 电路复杂程度与数据处理进阶A S 考试的电路图是混联电路,电路的复杂程度升高也直接影响了电路连接的难度.学生从测量中得到的数据,需设计出合适的表格来记录.并且,此阶段的考试加入了作图要求,作图的坐标标度未知,学生需根据自己记录的数据找到误差最小的作图方法.这说明,在数据处理部分,题干给出的支架已经十分有限.601 2021年第9期 物理通报 物理实验教学4.2.2不拘泥于学过的知识在题目的后半部分,题干给出的理论没有在书本上出现过,这使得实验试题不仅仅是将学习过的知识重演.当学生发现自己测出的实验数据经过分析可以得出新的物理量之间的关系时,可以大大增强其学习信心,激发学生探索新知识的积极性和学习兴趣.4.3 A L e v e l阶段试题支架构建分析ʌ例5ɔ图5所示为发光二极管.某学生正在研究L E D发光所需电势差V和发出光的波长λ之间的关系.有人认为这种关系是:V=kλn请设计一个实验来测试V和λ之间的关系.解释如何用你的结果来确定k和n的值.画图表示你对实验仪器的摆放方式.在你的设计中,需特别注意:应遵循的程序㊁要进行的测量㊁控制变量㊁数据分析㊁任何要采取的安全预防措施.图5发光二极管及其符号A L e v e l阶段的实验考题主要考查实验规划㊁分析与评估.有以下特点.4.3.1支架基本全部拆除该题要求学生自己根据题意,设计实验步骤.此时,题干中已经没有对该实验的操作步骤提示,只给出了实验目标.这说明,在参加这场考试前,学生对实验的流程与方法应当已经充分掌握.题干中提到的5点注意事项就是曾经考试中(I G C S E和A S阶段考试)搭建过的支架,学生需要将曾经的支架内化,才能完成A L e v e l阶段的挑战.4.3.2与实际问题贴近此题的实验背景是测量二极管的特性,二极管是我们生活中常见的电路元件,因此问题的设置与实际情境相似.并且,在实际的物理探究问题中,我们也是先找到要探究的问题,再查询相关资料,找到可能合适的理论,再设计实验,最终进行实验.本题的探究过程和实际物理探究的过程是相符的.5国内考试与英国剑桥委员会考试的对比5.1我国中学阶段的实验考试缺少支架拆除阶段国内的中考和高考题的模式是相似的,学生可以沿着题目的支架前进,让学生产生了依赖性,这也是高考后学生并没有掌握自主实验能力的可能原因之一.而A L e v e l阶段的考试,将支架全部拆除,让学生自己设计实验,这种方式让学生对完成实验的整个过程都有了自己的思考,有助于学生实验能力的升级.5.2我国的考试没有动手操作模块相比于英国的I G C S E考试与A S阶段的考试都考核了动手操作部分,我国在实验操作部分就显得有些薄弱.在理论层面上,我国考试的要求是高于英国的考试要求的,但理论知识的掌握程度并不能完全替代实验操作的重要性.当理论没有实验佐证时,物理学习就会脱离实际.5.3我国考试的背景较书本化我国考试题目的背景都是学生经过平时反复训练的物理模型.这使得实验题充满了 套路 .学生面对实验题不再思考 实验技巧 而是 解题模板 ,这样当他们接触到物理实验时,实验情境与套路不相符了,他们的知识库就无法调动了.而A L e v e l阶段的考试会选择生活中的 实验器材 ,没有固定的套路,学生就只能注重于培养自己的实验能力了. 6启示从评价的特点来看,实验考核的目的是为了提高学生的实验技能.从支架教学的原理来看,只有拆除了支架才能代表学生真正掌握了知识.我国中考对实验的整个流程都搭建了完整的支架,这说明我国在初中阶段对培养学生的实验素养十分重视, 搭支架 的过程考虑全面,且不失趣味性.而我国的高考对实验的重视程度有所下降,实验题形式单一,且难度较低.特别是支架的设立依然很多,对学生的要求停留在了初级阶段.相比之下,I G C S E的考试支架设立完整,难度远低于我国中考的难度,但其对基本物理能力 测量 的重视,值得引起我们的关注.I G C S E考试给学生传达的思想,即实验数据比理论更加可靠的思想,也是我国没有涉及到的.A S 考试和我国的高考题难度类似,但我国没有对实验操作的要求,使得A S考试考查的实验题的含金量更高.从I G C S E到A S阶段,学生的实验能力进步更快,这说明对基本实验操作的培养是有助于实验7012021年第9期物理通报物理实验教学教学和学生实验能力的进阶的.A L e v e l 考试相当于我国的高考,但A L e v e l 考试对考生的要求已经相当于我国大学普通物理的要求.这样的安排使得学习A L e v e l 课程的学生在进入大学后更容易适应大学的物理课程.参考文献1 薛华国.优化细节助力高中物理实验教学[J ].中学物理教学参考,2020(2):94~952 孙春凤.用 支架教学 改善低效的物理习题讲评课[J ].中学物理教学参考,2015(12):11~133 陈力铭.由果索因 探寻支架教学在物理习题讲评中的新思路[J ].当代教育实践与教育研究,2017(1):184~1854 JF e r r e i r a -B a u t i s t aa n d M P i f a r r é.S c a f f o l d st os u p p o r t t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s c i e n t i f i c s k i l l s i n p h y s i c s [J ].P h ys .:C o n f .S e r .,2019.1287012030A n a l y s i s a n dE n l i g h t e n m e n t o n t h eC h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f S c a f f o l d s C o n s t r u c t i o no fE x a m i n a t i o n Q u e s t i o n s o f P h y s i c sE x pe r i m e n t i nC h i n e s e a n dE n g l i s hJ u n i o r -s e n i o rH i ghS c h o o l J i a n g Y u c h e n C h e nH a n g ya n (S c h o o l o fP h y s i c sS c i e n c e a n dT e c h n o l o g y ,S o o c h o w U n i v e r s i t y ,S u z h o u ,J i a n gs u 215006)A b s t r a c t :T a k i n g e l e c t r i c a le x p e r i m e n ta s a n e x a m p l e ,t h i s p a p e r m a k e s a c o m p a r a t i v e a n a l ys i s o n t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e t e s t s c a f f o l d s i nr e s p e c to fS u z h o u H i g hS c h o o lE n t r a n c eE x a m i n a t i o n ,J i a n gs u C o l l e g eE n t r a n c eE x a m i n a t i o n ,I G C S Ea n dA S /A L e v e lE x a m i n a t i o nb y C a m b r i d g eC o mm i t t e e .T h ee x pe r i m e n t a l q u e s t i o ns c af f o l d si n d o m e s t i ce x a m i n a t i o n sa r e m a i n l y d e s ig n e dt o s t r e n gt h e n s t u d e n t s a b i l i t i e s o fv a r i a b l e s c o n t r o l l i n g ,s a f e t yp r e c a u t i o n s a n de r r o r a n a l y s i s .O nt h e c o n t r a r y ,t h e p u r p o s eo f s c a f f o l d s i nB r i t i s hI G C S Ea n d A Se x p e r i m e n t a l q u e s t i o n s i s t o g i v e c l e a r i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r c a n d i d a t e s t od e v e l o p t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t a l o p e r a t i o na b i l i t ya t f i r s tt w o y e a r s o ft r a i n i n g ,a n df i n a l l y a i m e d o n r e m o v i n g s c a f f o l d i n g c o m p l e t e l y a tt h e A l e v e la f t e ra c o m p r e h e n s i v e l e a r n i n gp r o c e s s .A t t h i s s t a g e ,s t u d e n t s a r en o l o n g e r p r o v i d e dw i t ha n yp r ob l e m -s o l v i n g s o l u t i o n s a n d s t e p s f o r w a r d t ot e s t t h e i ra b i l i t y o f i n d e p e n d e n t l y d e s i g n i n g a n df i n i s he x pe r i m e n t s .T h i sa d v a n c e d m o d e l of s c a f f o l d i ng c o n s t r u c t i o n a n d d i s m a n t l i n g c a n p r o v i d e e f f e c t i v eh e l p t o c u l ti v a t e s t u d e n t s e x p e r i m e n t a l e x p l o r i n g a b i l i -t y.K e y wo r d s :S u z h o uh i g hs c h o o l e n t r a n c e e x a m i n a t i o n ;J i a n g s u c o l l e g e e n t r a n c e e x a m i n a t i o n ;I G C S E ;A -L e v e l ;s c a f f o l d i n 췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍췍g(上接第103页)S t u d y o n t h eC o n s t r u c t i o na n d I m pl e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e I n q u i r y -t y p eE x p e r i m e n tR e po r t s X i o n g H u a h u i L i uZ h i x i a n g G u oX u e q i a n Y a nH u a g a n g Z h a n g H a i x i a H u a n g J u y i n gH u a n g X i a o q i n g X uL i l i Q uD i a n L i S h a n s h a n J i C h a n g j i n H u a n g Y a qi (S c h o o l o fB i o m e d i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g ,C a p i t a lM e d i c a lU n i v e r s i t y ,B e i j i n g100069)A b s t r a c t :T h i s r e s e a r c h p r o p o s e s t h e i n q u i r y -t y p e e x p e r i m e n t r e p o r tw h i c h i s k e y i s s u e o r i e n t e d a n d e m p h a s i z e s t h e e l e m e n t s i n c l u d i n g c o r e p r o b l e ma n dd a t a c o l l e c t i n g a n dd i s c u s s i o n ,a n dw h i c hc a nh e l p s t u d e n t s e n g a g ed e e p l y a n d t h i n ka b o u t t h e d e s i g n p r i n c i p l e a n d p r o c e d u r e .T h u s ,b y t h i sw a y s t u d e n t s i m p r o v e t h e i r a b i l i t i e s i n p r o b l e ma -n a l y s i s a n d s o l v i n g .A n d ,i t a l s o p r o m o t e s t h e s t u d e n t s d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e i r c o r e l i t e r a c y.K e y wo r d s :e x p e r i m e n t t e a c h i n g ;i n q u i r y ;l a b o r a t o r y r e p o r t ;c o r e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t801 2021年第9期 物理通报 物理实验教学。
CIE A-LEVEL物理考试大纲
(AS) qualification in an earlier examination session. Subject to satisfactory performance such candidates are then only required to take the final part of the assessment (referred to in this syllabus as A2) leading to the full A Level; • to take the Advanced Subsidiary (AS) qualification only.
1. locate, select, organise and present information from a variety of sources; 2. translate information from one form to another; 3. manipulate numerical and other data; 4. use information to identify patterns, report trends, draw inferences and report conclusions; 5. present reasoned explanations for phenomena, patterns and relationships; 6. make predictions and put forward hypotheses; 7. apply knowledge, including principles, to novel situations; 8. evaluate information and hypotheses; 9. demonstrate an awareness of the limitations of physical theories and models.
英国GCE生物学A级水平考试_A类_试题分析.kdh
讲授教材内容使学生对这部分知识掌握得不深不透。
通过游戏的互动，学生牢牢地掌握了相关的知识，并通过与医院3种不同的输血要求相结合，拓宽了学生视野，陶冶了学生的情操，收到了良好的效果。
主要参考文献1宋有平.人类血型知识筒介和应用.中学生物学,2004,(2):7—9.2李立宏,李萍.血型检验教学体会.检验医学教育,2007,14(1):6—7.3王为民.人体血液知识概述.中国科技创新导刊,2007,(458): 79—80.4周霞.“血液循环”的教学随笔.生物学通报,1996,51(11):38. 5於剑.“流动的组织———血液”教学设计.中学生物学,2008, 24(6):30—31.（E－mail：chenlxqt@）英国的GCE生物学A级水平考试与我国的生物学高考类似。
目前，英国最大的考试服务机构———评价与资格联盟（AQA）为该考试提供了2种模式：一是更具科普性的生物学/人类生物学（A 类）考试，二是为选拔专业人才而设置的生物学（B类）考试。
考虑到目前我国大部分地区大都实施理科综合考试，故笔者选取了近年来AQA所编制的A类考试中的典型试题，对其命题特点进行了重点分析。
1命题特点英国的GCE生物学A级水平考试（A类）主要从4个维度：知识和理解力，对知识的应用、理解、分析与评估，实验与探究，以及知识、理解与技能的整合来考查评价学生。
试题从形式、内容上均与评价维度充分吻合，特点鲜明。
1.1以复合开放式题型为主，难易适中从整体来看，笔试部分未设客观选择题，而代之以结构性问答题、材料题、概要性问答题、小论文写作题等复合开放式的题型。
题目信息量大，内容广泛，尤其是材料题，提供了大量的科学信息，且层层递进地设置问题，符合学生的逻辑思维；尽管题目所给的信息量大，但试题考查知识点有较强的基础性，难易适中。
例题1［1］：鱼的皮肤对水并不具有很强的渗透性。
令人不解的是，即使是那些能通过皮肤吸收氧气的鱼也是如此。
然而，所有的鱼都拥有大量的可渗透的上皮组织，该组织可以与其生存环境中的水相接触。
2021年中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试THUSSAT暨2022届高三7月诊断性检测物理试题
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2021年7月测试物理试卷本试卷共100分，考试时间90分钟。
一、不定项选择题：此题共14小题，每题3分，共42分。
在每题给出的四个选项中，有一项或多项符合题意，全部选对得3分，局部选对得2分，有错选或不选得0分。
1.一节地铁车厢长为22m ；车辆高度为〔最大处〕3695mm ；车体宽度为〔最大处〕2800mm ；车厢地板距轨道高度为1100mm 。
：阿伏伽德罗常数为6.02×1023mol-1，标准状态下气体的摩尔体积为22.4L/mol 。
可以算出，这节车厢空载时厢内的空气中分子数约为 A.4×1024个B.4×1027个C.6×1024个D.6×1027个2.如下图，一束细白光从半圆形玻璃砖顶点垂直于PQ 向圆心O 射去。
保持入射光不变让玻璃砖绕圆心逆时针缓慢转动，当转过α角时，恰好没有任何光线从PQ 边射出。
由此可以判定A ZX ，静止在匀强磁场中的该核在P 点发生α衰变后，新核做逆时针的匀速圆周运动，二者的运动轨迹如下图，以下判定正确的选项是α粒子的动能大4.某同学将一根不可伸长的轻绳一端系上摆球，另一端系在力传感器上，测得轻绳的拉力大小F 随时间t 变化的图像如下图，假设已经测得摆长为L ，摆球质量为m ，结合图中信息可以推测出当地重力加速度为A.224L T πB.22L T πC.224L T πD.2216L T πO 从0时刻开始向上振动，由此在水平绳OO '引发的一列横波在某时刻1t 的波形如下图，在图示空间第一次出现如下图的波形。
那么此波的速度为A.123a tB.12a tC.134a tD.189a t 6.假设在无风的天气里，下落的毽子受到的空气阻力与其下落的速度大小成正比，一毽子从高处竖直向下落到地面，此过程中毽子的重力势能为P E 〔以地面为0势能面〕，毽子下落全程的P E t -图像可能正确的有〔图中实线为曲线，虚线为直线段〕A. B.C. D.7.如下图，一根不可伸长的轻绳两端各系一个小球a 和ba 球置于地面上，轻绳两段都恰好伸直，质量为m 的b 球在与细杆等高处从静止释放。
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OXFORD CAMBRIDGE AND RSA EXAMINATIONSAS GCEG481PHYSICS AMechanicsTHURSDAY 17 MAY 2012: MorningDURATION: 1 hourMODIFIED ENLARGEDCandidates answer on the Question Paper.OCR SUPPLIED MATERIALS:D ata, Formulae and Relationships Booklet(sent with general stationery)OTHER MATERIALS REQUIRED:Electronic calculatorRuler (cm/mm)ProtractorREAD INSTRUCTIONS OVERLEAFINSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes on the first page. Please writeclearly and in capital letters.• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer ALL the questions.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer.• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of this booklet. Thequestion number(s) must be clearly shown.INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.• The total number of marks for this paper is 60.• You may use an electronic calculator.• You are advised to show all the steps in any calculations.• W here you see this icon you will be awarded marks for the quality of written communicationin your answer.• This means for example you should:• e nsure that text is legible and that spelling,punctuation and grammar are accurate so thatmeaning is clear;• o rganise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.Answer ALL the questions.1 (a) State ONE difference between a scalar quantityand a vector quantity.__________________________________________________________________________________[1](b) Fig. 1.1 shows two sets of quantities listed as‘scalars’ and ‘vectors’ by a student.acceleration pressure stresstime volume displacement energy power velocity weightSCALARS VECTORSFig. 1.1(i) State the one quantity that has beenincorrectly listed as a scalar._____________________________________[1] (ii) State two quantities that have been incorrectly listed as vectors.1. __________________________2. __________________________ [1](iii) State two quantities listed as scalars that havethe same unit. Name this unit.1. __________________________2. __________________________unit: ________________________ [2](c) Circle the correct value for the prefix tera (T) in thelist below.10610910121015[1](d) Rearrange the following prefixes in the order ofsmallest to largest.μ c p k________________________________________[1]7][Total:2 Fig. 2.1 opposite, shows the path of a metal ballfired at a velocity of 24 m s–1 at an angle of 30° to the horizontal.Air resistance has negligible effect on the motionof the metal ball. The ball is fired from point A and it reaches its maximum height at point B. The mass of the ball is 450 g.(a) State the direction of the acceleration of the ballduring its flight.________________________________________[1](b) Calculate the horizontal and vertical componentsof the velocity of the ball at A.horizontal velocity = _________________ m s–1vertical velocity = ____________________ m s–1 [2](c) Explain why the gravitational potential energygained by the ball as it moves from A to B is notequal to its initial kinetic energy at A.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[1]² K R UL ]R QWDOJURXQGF i g . 2.1(d) Calculate the maximum vertical height h of theball.h= _________________m [3]7][Total:BLANK PAGE3 (a) Define velocity.__________________________________________________________________________________[1]work done by a force.Define(b)__________________________________________________________________________________[2](c) Fig. 3.1 opposite, shows a rider on a sledge slidingdown an icy slope.The frictional forces acting on the sledge and therider are negligible. The normal contact force Nand the total weight W of the sledge and rider areshown.(i) Explain why the force N does no work on thesledge as it slides down the slope.____________________________________________________________________________[1] (ii) State and explain the force that causes thesledge and rider to accelerate down the slope.____________________________________________________________________________[1]F i g . 3.1(d) Fig. 3.2 shows the velocity against time graph forthe sledge and rider in (c) sliding down the icyslope.02.04.06.00.5 1.0 1.5time / svelocity / m s –1Fig. 3.2(i) Use Fig. 3.2 to determine1 the acceleration of the sledge and rider downthe slopeacceleration = ________________ m s–2 [2] 2 the angle made by the slope to the horizontal.angle = ______________________° [2](ii) The sledge crashes into a foam barrier at thebottom of the slope.The velocity of the sledge just before theimpact is 15 m s–1. The sledge and rider take3.5 s to stop. The average decelerating force onthe sledge and rider is 510 N.Calculate the total mass of the sledge andrider.mass = _____________________kg [3]12][Total:BLANK PAGE4 (a) Define the following terms:couple(i)____________________________________________________________________________[1] (ii) torque of a couple.I n your answer, you should use appropriatetechnical terms, spelled correctly.____________________________________________________________________________[1](b) Fig. 4.1 shows a satellite in space moving from leftto right.Fig. 4.1The satellite has two small rockets A and Bmounted at opposite ends of a diameter. Whenfired, each rocket motor provides the SAMEconstant force, but in OPPOSITE directions.Describe the change in the motion of the satellitewhen(i) both rocket motors are fired___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2](ii) only rocket motor A is fired.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[2]6][Total:5 Fig. 5.1 shows the vertical forces acting on a helium-filled weather balloon just before lift off.balloon wind directionFig. 5.1The balloon experiences an upward vertical force (upthrust) equal to 120 N. The weight of the balloon and its contents is 90 N. The magnitude of the horizontal force provided by the wind is 18 N.(a) Determine the magnitude of the resultant forceacting on the balloon and the angle this resultantforce makes with the horizontal.net force = _______________________Nangle = ___________________________°[4](b) As the balloon rises through the air, it experiencesa drag force. State two factors that affect themagnitude of the drag force on this balloon.1. ________________________________________2. ______________________________________[2]6][Total:6 (a) Fig. 6.1 opposite, shows the stress against straingraphs of two materials X and Y.Describe the properties of materials X and Y.In your answer, you should use appropriatetechnical terms, spelled correctly.material X _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________material Y _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[5]stre ss 0stress strainst rainm a t e r i a l Y m a t e r i a l Xu n l o a d i n gF i g . 6.1(b) You are given a spring, a metre rule and a 100 gmass. Describe how you would determine theforce constant k of the spring.__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ ________________________________________[3] (c) A glider of mass 0.180 kg is placed on a horizontalfrictionless air track. One end of the glider isattached to a compressible spring of forceconstant 50 N m–1. The glider is pushed against a fixed support so that the spring compresses by0.070 m, see Fig. 6.2. The glider is then released.Fig. 6.2(i) Calculate the horizontal acceleration of theglider IMMEDIATELY after release.acceleration = ____________________ m s–2 [3](ii) After release, the spring exerts a force onthe glider for a time of 0.094 s. Calculate theaverage rate of work done by the spring on theglider.average rate of work done = ________ J s–1 [2]13][Total:7 Fossil fuels will eventually run out. This has led toscientists looking for alternative sources of energy.Tidal stream systems use the kinetic energy ofseawater to generate electrical energy during theincoming and outgoing tides. Fig. 7.1 shows a twin-turbine system in which flowing seawater turns the turbine blades.Fig. 7.1When operating, 9.7 × 105kg of seawater travellingat a speed of 3.0 m s–1 passes through each turbineevery second. Each turbine generates 1.2 × 106 W ofelectrical power.power.Define(a)__________________________________________________________________________________[1](b) The input power to each turbine is the kineticenergy of the seawater that flows through eachturbine in one second.Show that the input power to each turbine is4.4 × 106W.[2](c) Calculate the percentage efficiency of eachturbine.efficiency = _________________% [1](d) In one second, a cylinder of seawater of mass9.7 × 105kg passes through each turbine at aspeed of 3.0 m s–1. Calculate the radius of eachturbine. The density of seawater is 1030 kg m–3.radius = ____________________m [3](e) Tidal stream systems require less space thanconventional wind turbines that are found in windyregions of this country.(i) Explain why a tidal stream turbine system ofidentical size to a wind turbine system willproduce greater power for the same water orwind speed.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[1](ii) Suggest one further advantage of tidal streamsystems over conventional wind farms.____________________________________________________________________________[1]9][Total: END OF QUESTION PAPERIf additional space is required, you should use the lined pages below. The question number(s) must be clearly shown._________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________Copyright InformationOCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download from our public website () after the live examination series.If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear anythird-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity.For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE.OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessmentis the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.。