情态动词

情态动词和虚拟语气(一）情态动词modal verbs (mood)(1) Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to (should)(2) need, dare, be able to , have to ,ought to , had better ( semi-modal verbs 半情态动词)will(1) Will you please sit down?(2) I will have nothing to do this matter.(3) I will not let my parents down.(4) Roses will blossom in June.(5) Boys will be boys.(6) No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock.Would(1)He knew he would be late.(2)When he was young he would walk in these woods.(3) Would you kindly sent me address?(4)The person you mentioned would be her father.(5) She would be stupid not to accept.(6)If I were a man, I would take the challenge. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)(7)If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job.(Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)(8) She worried for fear that her child would be hurt.(9) I would be only to glad to help. I’d love a coffee. I’d prefer to go by plan. I would rather have the blue. I would sooner go home.ShallI shall go to school next Monday.What time shall I come?In the rules, it says that a player shall be sent off for using bad language.Should(1) The police should do something to fight against the terrorists.(2) She advised that we should keep the gate locked. ( agree, arrange, ask, command, determine, order, advocate, propose, stipulate, suggest)It advisable that everyone should have map.It is better that he should hear from you.It is essential that he should be prepared for this.It is only right that she should have a share.It is his suggestions that I should be come round to see you.(3)I find it quite astonishing that he should be so rude to you.I can’t think why she should have done such disgusting deeds.(4)He wore a mask so that on one should recognize him.( in case, lest)(5)He should have arrived by now.(6) You shouldn’t have trusted him so easily. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)If he had asked me, I should(would) have helped her.CanCan you help me with the box?Scotland can be very cold. （有时候）This can’t be Mary- she is in hospital. (推测，否定）She can’t be telling the truth.You can’t smoke here.CouldHe said he couldn’t come.Could you show me the way?Could you have been waiting so long?You could get into university if you applied.I could have earned lots of money if I had worked hard. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)I could have died laughing. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)You could have told me beforehand.(Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)MayMay I come in?You may come if you wish.Jim may know Tom’s telephone number.He may have immigrated abroad.May you be happy.May God be with you.MightHe said he might be late.She might not believe your story.We might be going to Spain on holiday this year.If you invited him, he might come. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)The pills might have helped him, if he had taken them regularly. (Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气)MustYou must cut down smoking.You mustn’t drive without license.You must be hungry.It must have rained last night for the floor is still wet.They might be twins.They may be twins.They can be twins.They must be twins.They can’t be twins semi-modal verbs 半情态动词need, dare, be able to (can), have to (must), had betterneedYou needn’t finish your graduation paper in time.All living things needs water. ( Transitive Verb）I need to get some sleep.Dare(1) I dare not ask her to marry me.(2) No one dare speak of it.(3) How dare you speak to me like that?(1) He dares to accuse me of dishonesty.----He doesn’t dare to accuse me of dishonesty.(2) He will dare any danger.(3) Can you jump off the war? Go on, I dare you.（二）虚拟语气1）现在虚拟语气God bless you.God be praised.It is essential that the ban should be lifted.She petitioned the king that her father should be pardoned.2)过去虚拟语气she treated me as though I were a slave.If only I were not so nervous.3)过去完成时I wished I hadn’t said such merciless words to her.If only I have listened to your advice.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Conditions)(1)If had a map, I would (could, might) lend it you.(2)He were(was) to resign, who would take his place.(3)If I were Tom, I would refuse.(4)Were I Tom, I would refuse.(5)If it were not for your help, we would be in serious trouble.(6)Were it not for you help, we would be in serious trouble.(7)I would(could, might, should ) have got the job, if I had applied in time.(8)If you had taken her advice, you would not be in such trouble now. ( 错综时间条件句Conditional Sentences of Mixed time)(9)I would have written her a letter before but I have been ill. (含蓄条件句Sentences of Implied Condition)虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用（1）I wish I knew what was going to happen.I wish I could help you.I wish I had not lied to her.(2)I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had not told me the truth.I had rather you did it.(3)suggest, demand, insist, ask, advise, urge, propose, vote, request, desire, order, intend, petition, decreed, orderIt was proposed that this matter be discussed at the next meeting.(4)It is important that he work hard. ( essential, appropriate, imperative, vital)(5)It is surprising that you should be rude.(6)I have loved you as if you were my son. ( as if ,as though, though)Whether she be right or wrong, we will support her.(7)It is time we went.It is time we were leaving.It is high time you brought a new car.It is high time you made up your mind.(8)oh, that the rain would stop.That he should act so rudely toward you!(9)He is , as it were, a walking dictionary.He is my best friend, my second self as it were.(10)Who would have thought to see you here.测试(1)1. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can2. She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been4. I am surprised__ this city is a dull place to live in.A that you should thinkB by what you are thinkingC that you would thinkD with what you were thinking5. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ____ by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goC. ought to have goneD. could have gone6. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?A. Beg your pardon.B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again!D. What noise you are making!7. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____.A. I'll get some drinks. What will you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?8.Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS?A．By now she will be eating dinner.B．I shall never do that again.C．My brother will help you with the luggage.D．You shall get a promotion.9.Which of the following best explains the meaning of“Shall we buy the tickets first”?A．He said that we were going to buy the tickets first．B．He requested that we buy the tickets first．C．He suggested that we buy the tickets first．D．He advised us to buy the tickets first．10. Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?A. Let me drive you home, shall I?B. You will mind your own business!C. Come and have dinner with us.D. I wish you could stay behind.11. Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.C. It’s getting late, and I must leave now.D. He must be working late at the office.12. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?A. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building.C. He cannot come today.D. She cannot play the piano.13.When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate?A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.14. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.A ought to haveB must haveC may haveD should have测试（2）1. He suggested _______ to tomorrow’s exhibition together.A．us to go B．we went C．we shall go D．we go2. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ for this college.A．appointed B．be appointed C．is appointed D．has been appointed4. It was essential that all the necessary documents _______ to the president's office being the end of this month.A．be handed in B．must be handed in C．Should D．had been handed in3. It was proposed that the matter _______ discussed at the next meeting.A．will be B．has C．be D．would be4. We desire that the tour leader _______us immediately of any change in plans.A．inform B．informs C．informed D．has informed5. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _______ after 11:00 pm.A．not to play loud music B．shouldn’t' t play loud musicC．don't play loud music D．couldn't play loud music6. It is recommended that the project _______ until all the preparations have been made.A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started7. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o'clock at night.A．were not played B．not to play C．not be played D．did not play8. I don't think it advisable that Tom _______ to the job since he has no experience.A．is assigned B．will be assigned C．be assigned D．has been assigned9.We are all for your proposal that the discussion_______.A．be put off B．was put off C．should put off D．is to put off10. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _______ to investigate the incident. A．were set up B．was set up C．be set up D．set up11. If the earth suddenly _______ spinning, we would all fly off it.A．had stopped B．stopped C．has stopped D．would stop12. I'm sorry Andy didn't want to go to the conference, _______ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses. A．being B．was he C．he had been D．had he been13. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A．has to get B．were to get C．had got D．could have got14. _______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A．Would she leave B．If she leaves C．Were she to leave D．If she had left15. If the whole operation _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A．was not planned B．has not been planned C．had not been planned D．were not planned16. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value _______ by the time they were finished.A．had lost B．would have lost C．would lose D．should have lost17. _______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A．Had they arrived B．Would they arriveC．Were they arriving D．Were they to arrive18. Had he worked harder, he _______ the exams.A．must have got through B．would have got throughC．would get through D．could get through19. _______ for your laziness, you could have finished the assignment by now.A．Had it not been B．It were not C．Weren't it D．Had not it been20．_______ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A．Not being B．Had it not been C．Without being D．Not having been21. _______ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A．Besides B．Regardless of C．But for D．Despite22. _______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A．But for B. In case of C．In spite of D．Because of23. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _______ to it.A．have not gone B．did not go C．had not gone D．should not have gone24. I wish I _______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A．could have slept B．slept C．might have slept D．have slept25. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don’t turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.26. If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. were to rainB. was to rainC. was rainingD. had rained27．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent28. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.A. leftB. LeaveC. are leavingD. will leave29.____ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A. Would you be surprisedB. Were you surprisedC. Had you been surprisedD. Would you have been surprised30.If not ____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.A. being treatedB. TreatedC. be treatedD. having been treated31.It is imperative that students ____ their term papers on time.A. hand inB. would hand inC. have to hand inD. handed in32. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. were33. That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.A. betrayed…takeB. had betrayed…tookC. has betrayed…tookD. has betrayed…take34. ________ you _______ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.A. If, hadB. Have, hadC. Should, haveD. In case, have35. If only I __play the guitar as well as you!A wouldB couldC shouldD might36 It's high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.A stoppedB had to stopC shall stopD stop37 It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A attractsB shall attractC attractD has to38.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving39. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been40．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent41. If it _______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. were to rainB. was to rainC. was rainingD. had rained42. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leaveD. You must complete the reading assignment on time.43. Aren't you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.A. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thought44. It is necessary that he ____ the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in45.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have。