2012年高考重点难点专题透析:第18专题补全短文解读
2012年广东省英语高考阅读理解专题

阅读理解专题细节理解类Passage 1(2009年广东,A)Lisa was running late. Lisa, 25, had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way: her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown. But as she hurried down the subway stairs, she started to feel uncomfortably warm. By the time she got to the platform,Lisa felt weak and tired—maybe it hadn’t been a good idea to give blood the night before, she thought. She rested herself against a post close to the tracks.Several yards away, Frank ,43, and his girlfriend, Jennifer,found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop. They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying.But when he heard the scream, followed by someone yelling,“Oh, my God, she fell in!”Frank didn’t hesitate. He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40 feet toward the body lying on the rails. “No ! Not you ! ”his girlfriend screamed after him.She was right to be alarmed. By the time Frank reached Lisa,he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming. The train was about 20 seconds from the station.It was hard to lift her. She was just out. But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the arms and drag her away from the edge. That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness,felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.Lisa thought she’d been robbed. A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head. And she tried to talk but she couldn’t,and that was when she realized how much pain she was in.Police and fire officials soon arrived, and Frank told the story to an officer. Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40 minute train ride downtown—just as he had been seconds after the rescue,which made her think about her reaction at the time. “I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die,” she explained.1.What was the most probable cause for Lisa’s weakness?A. She had run a long way.B. She felt hot in the subway.C. She had done a lot of work.D. She had donated blood the night before.2.Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend?A. Because they would miss their train.B. Because he didn’t see the train coming.C. Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift.D. Because she was afraid the train would kill him.3.How did Frank save Lisa?A. By lifting her to the platform.B. By helping her rise to her feet.C. By pulling her along the ground.D. By dragging her away from the edge.4.When did Lisa become conscious again?A. When the train was leaving.B. After she was back on the platform.C. After the police and fire off icials came.D. When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.5. The passage is intended to________.A. warn us of the danger in the subwayB. show us how to save people in the subwayC. tell us about a subway rescueD. report a traffic accidentPassage 2(2009年宁夏·海南,全国Ⅰ,B)Computer programmer David Jones earns £35,000 a year designing new computer games,yet he cannot find a bank ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡). Instead,he has been told to wait another two years,until he is 18. The 16 year old wor ks for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. David’s firm releases (推出) two new games for the fast growing computer market each month.But David’s biggest headache is what to do with his money. Even though he earns a lot, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgage (抵押贷款), or get credit cars. David got his job with the Liverpool-based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O levels and working for a time in a computer shop. “I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programs, ”he said. David spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother 50 pounds a week. But most of his spare time is spent working.“Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school,”he said.“But I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway. ”David added:“I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement (退体)is a possibility. You never know when the market might disappear.”[语篇解读]本文介绍了16岁的大卫参加了工作以及其所遇到的困难。
2012高考英语精选备考题库系列(含详解)阅读理解(三)

2012高考英语精选备考题库系列〔含详解〕阅读理解〔三〕备战2012高考,精选阅读200篇,适合高三上学期使用,希望对大家有帮助。
〔2011年8月〕This was no ordinary class. The students who came together were all science or engineering professors at CornellUniversity. They had interrupted their research to accept an invi tation to take part in an unusual experiment: “an interesting week of poetry.〞This class was part of a study to answer the questions: Why is science difficult for many nonscience students? What can teachers learn about teaching if they take a class that is not in their field?The students in the poetry class listened to lectures and took notes. They had reading tasks and had to write three short papers. All students noticed one thing—the importance of spoken words. In science and engineering classes, the instructors put tables and drawings on the blackboard. But in this poetry class, the instructors just talked. They didn’t write anything on the board.The scientists and engineers noticed one similarity between science and poetry. In both subjects, students need to find layers(层次) of meaning. Some layers are simple, clear, and on the surface;other layers are deeper and more difficult. This search for different levels of meaning doesn’t happen much in undergraduate (本科) science classes, but it is important later, in graduate school. And it is always important in humanities(人文学科).Both the poetry instructors and their students learned something about teaching from this experience. One poetry instructor, for example, now sees the importance of using careful,clear definitions (定义)when he explains a poem. He also plans to be more informative as he teaches. Most of the scientists agreed on several points. First, humanities classes might help science students to see patterns and decide which information is important. Second, the poetry class was fun. One engineer decided, “We need to change the way we teach engineering to make it an enjoyable experience for students.〞But perhaps the most important result of the experience was this:All of the professors began to think about how they teach and how they can teach better.1. What do we know about this unusual class?A. The teachers did lots of writing on the board.B. The teachers were invited to attend several lectures.C. The students were professors from a university.D. The students were studying science and humanities.[解析]细节理解题。
2012年近几年高考英语完形填空分析

近几年高考英语完形填空分析提纲:(一)命题趋势(二) 完形填空的题型特点及选项设计特点(三) 完形填空的解题步骤(四) 突破完形的注意事项及突破(一)体裁多样化从图表我们可以看出全国卷的完形填空的体裁多为记叙文、或夹叙夹议。
但其他地方说明文也有出现。
2008年福建卷、安徽卷2009年上海、重庆、福建卷等就是说明文。
2009年甚至还出现了应用文,如安徽卷,即以独特的书信体来命题。
(二)词汇量大幅度增大从2008年开始,考试说明取消了对完形填空词数的限制。
事实上,近两年完形填空所选文章都已超出了原规定200一250的词数限制.大部分篇幅的字数都大约300字。
2009年完形填空词量超过300词的有l0套,其中湖南卷更是达到了381个词。
2010年山东卷有325个单词,加上选项190个,总共是515词,需要在20分钟内完成。
(三)对词汇的要求提高了(1)考察基础词汇中一词多义的现象提高了现在的完形填空题基本上涉及语法问题很少,今年全国卷的完形填空仍然遵循了这一原则。
从选项设置的词汇看,基本上都是基础词汇。
一般说来,基础词汇的词义容量比较大,但一词多义现象在基础词汇上表现非常明显,这是全国卷今年的完形填空题考察的趋势。
(2)考察多种词义辨析手段完形填空的考察角度是在文章理解基础上的词义辨析,全国卷的这篇完形填空用到了多种词义辨析手段,如利用构词法中的派生法辨析词义等,这对今后的词汇教学是有启示的。
(3)难度稳中有增。
历年英语高考中完形填空是相对难度较大的题目。
但多年来其难度一直能够得到较好的控制(一般难度值在0.55-0.6左右,难度略低于整体试卷难度),但近年来该题的难度值因为加大了词汇量,使长句难句增多,选项中所用词汇更加富有层次、更具有干扰性,因此难度也就自然增大了。
二、(一)完形填空的题型特点近几年来的完形填空题,有以下几个特点:1. 短文难度基本稳定,与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。
2. 短文选材一般为故事性文章,采用其他题材的文章还是不具有普遍性。
2012全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编说明文类(精校word版有答案解析)

2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类(精校word版有答案解析)quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了Honey-Lover's Helper独特的掠食方式,帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜,待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后,它再吃蜂蜡。
科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。
60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知:跟在honey guide后面的是:people and animals,而他们统称为honey seeker(寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们)。
【英语】2012年高考真题——(新课标卷)解析版18

2012年高考新课标全国英语试卷(解析版)【试卷总评】2012年全国新课标卷继续遵循“在稳定中求创新、在发展中求平衡”的原则。
试题总体难度适中,没有偏题、怪题。
听力部分基本保持稳定;单项填空考查知识全面,题干简洁、明快,容易理解;完形填空由常考的夹叙夹议文和记叙文改成了说明文,不过难度不太大,是一篇有关身势语话题的文章,内容不偏,并且课本中有类似的文章,所以显得熟悉、亲切;阅读理解总体难度较小,没有什么似是而非的干扰项;写作也是常见的电子邮件的形式,内容也是常见的。
和全国I相比,全国新课标卷增加了阅读填空题和短文改错新题型。
总之,2012年全国新课标卷是一套难度适中的好题。
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至14页。
第Ⅱ卷15至16页。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将目己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2.选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C. £9.18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A.In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2.At what time will the film begin?A.7:20B.7:15C.7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
2012高考英语重点难点专题透析:第18专题补全短文(精)

—回答”或“矛盾——解决”模式。
在词数方面,2007年短文正文加选项词数为271词,2008年为251词,2009年 为278词,2010年为262词,2011年为319词。由此我们对2012年该题型预 测如下:
1. 选文原则:一是话题贴近考生,贴近生活,与时俱进;二是逻辑性 强,结构严谨,层次分明。 2. 体裁选择:以指导类说明文为主。
action was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn������ t
补全短文题拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度,不仅考查了考生句
子层面的阅读理解能力,还考查了语篇层次上的阅读理解能力,即考生的
语感和语境领悟能力,把握作者思路的能力,以及对整个语篇或语段的衔 接手段与连贯性的敏感度。这些都是较高层次的阅读理解能力。 从上述考试说明中我们可以总结出该题型的解题线索有:1. 主题句(段);2. 连接词(语),如also, however等;3. 逻辑关系,如时间顺序、空间顺序等。
纵观近五年来的高考补全短文试题,在话题方面,2007年短文话题是学生 假期如何组织俱乐部,2008年话题是如何做笔记,2009年话题是如何使孩 子在家里好好学习,2010年话题是述职会上如何回答上司和同事的提问, 2011年话题是家长如何教育孩子认识金钱。其篇章结构均为“问题—
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
总体策略是:
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
(1)分析短文篇章结构。
分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成,所
以分析篇章结构包括两个层次:一是分析段落之间的层次,也就是语篇层 次;二是分析每个段落内部的层次,即句际层次。尤其是选项与前(后)句 之间的逻辑关系,是确定答案的主要依据。
2012年高考英语全国试题语法分类汇编之阅读新题型

2012 年全国高考英语试题分类汇编之阅读新题型〔精校word版有答案解析〕1.【2012全国新课标】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最优选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 71 Some ways of dealing with stress 一like screaming or hitting someone一don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talkingto someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talkto a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.72 They might havehad similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. 73(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. 74 Even if you can't solve it all, you can solvea piece of it.(4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary(暂时的).Remember stress does go away,especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you makeyour way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.C. Different people feel stress in different waysD.Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E. You need to figure out what the problem is.F. And don't forget about your friends.G. Then, find a way to calm down。
2012年高考英语试题解析(选择题和阅读理解)

第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)2012年河北省高考选择题主要考查了:日常口语表达,定冠词的语法,介词短语,重点短语、词汇,从句(名词性从句、条件状语从句)动词的时态、等知识要点,综合考查了学生分析判断,剖析理解句子的能力。
21 .- Which one of these do you want?-_______Either will do.A. I don't mindB. I'm sureC. No problemD. Go ahead剖析:答案A,考查日常口语对话,此小题难点在于either will do 的意思学生可能不能理解22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填; aB. a; theC. the;不填D. the;答案C,定冠词修饰未完成的画,with satisfaction 满足的,满意的24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. which G that D. what剖析:答案D,What引导宾语从句(属于名词性从句),by no means在这里是插入语,类似句式:I hope I can do what I can do to help you.25. believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. unless解析:答案B译文:我相信我们以前没有见过,但是你确实看起来很熟悉,翻译时将否定词后置,类似的词有I don't think等26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so muchA. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better答案D so much the better那就更好了the 比较级……the比较级27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put downC. put awayD. put together剖析:答案B,Put out 熄灭putdown 记下写下相当于write down putaway 把放起…来收好put together 组合、组装28. The party will be held in the garden, weatherA. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit剖析:答案A译:如果天气允许的话,后边是个省略的if引导的条件状语从句。
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[答案与解析]
71.G 根据后文连接词so可以判断此处上下文应该是因果关系。 此外,该选项与空格后句中的“when your child shows an interest in
buying things”有词语重现——interest。因此G项为正确答案。
72.F 该选项与空格前句中的“If he wants to have a toy”有词语 重现——toy,且句意为“当你们离开玩具店时,告诉孩子钱是怎么 买到东西的”,与本段的小标题“The basic function of money”完
A.Wise decision B.The value of money C.Permit the child to choose between them. D.Tell your child why he can—or cannot—have certain things. E.Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.
总体策略是:
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
(1)分析短文篇章结构。
分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成,所
以分析篇章结构包括两个层次:一是分析段落之间的层次,也就是语篇层 次;二是分析每个段落内部的层次,即句际层次。尤其是选项与前(后)句 之间的逻辑关系,是确定答案的主要依据。
(2)辨别语境线索。 语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段,如篇章结构、词语 重现、逻辑、连接、指称、同构等。
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
词语重现是指词语的重复出现,但这里不是指词语的简单重现,而 是指某词语可能以不同词类、性、数、格、时、体、态等形式出 现,如read, reading, reader, readers。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚
how money is traded for the things he wants to have. If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the
cashier (收银员).
72
When your child grows a bit older and un-
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
3. 文章长度:简化处理后的文章词数在280个左右。
1.总体策略
考生解答该题型时面临的最大困难是如何判断哪一选项最能衔接上下 文。与完形填空相比,补全短文空缺的是5个句子,无法从句子层面寻找
线索,所以空格与上下文之间的逻辑关系显得异常重要。解答该题型的
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
与he构成指代关系;choose与后句中的chooses是词语重现;them与 前句中的different brands构成指代关系。因此C项为最佳选项。
[篇章结构简析] 阅读材料属于问题——回答模式。 情景——家长应该教会孩子了解钱。最佳时机是孩子对钱表现出兴趣 的时候。 问题——那么如何教育孩子理财呢? 回答——1.解释钱的功能
cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved. Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
全吻合。因此F项为最佳选项。
73.D 该选项中的“Tell your child why he ...cannot”与空格后句 中的“If you must say no to...”构成同义关系,且为做法与举例的 关系。因此D项为正确答案。
74.A 此题要求确立本段的小标题。这一段主要讲述家长如何帮 助孩子在商店做出明智的决定。选项A与前面两个小标题形式一 致,内容相承,且与下文中的choices, choose, choice构成词语重现。 因此A项为最佳选项。 75.C 该选项中的Permit与后句中的allow构成同义关系;the child
must say no to a child������ s request to spend money, explain, “You have
enough toy trucks for now.” Or, if the request is for many different
things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.” 3. 74 Begin at the grocery store. Pick out two similar brands of a product—
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
该题型是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白,要求考生从所给的7个选 项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文结构完整、意思通顺、前后连贯。 选用的文章多为篇章连续性和逻辑性很强的说明文,题材新颖,语言简练, 具有浓厚的时代气息和较强的真实性,与考生已有的或今后可能要遇到 的学习经历和生活经历息息相关,遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念,
纵观近五年来的高考补全短文试题,在话题方面,2007年短文话题是学生 假期如何组织俱乐部,2008年话题是如何做笔记,2009年话题是如何使孩 子在家里好好学习,2010年话题是述职会上如何回答上司和同事的提问, 2011年话题是家长如何教育孩子认识金钱。其篇章结构均为“问题—
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
些起连接作用的词语连接,以使文章行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句 、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”该题型符合《英语课程标准》提出的 “提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力 ”的要求。
至反义词等形式出现。
逻辑是事物之间内在的、必然的联系,包括时间先后关系、空间
位置关系、因果关系等。 连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系,如and, however。 指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等,如he,
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
she, they。 同构是指上下文使用了同一或类似的句式。
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
2.教会理性花钱 3.如何明智选择
Hale Waihona Puke 【例2】(2010新课标全国) Q&A Question: I have recently got a senior position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my de-
1.The basic function of money
Begin explaining the basic function of money by showing how people
trade money for goods or services. It������ s important to show your child
—回答”或“矛盾——解决”模式。
在词数方面,2007年短文正文加选项词数为271词,2008年为251词,2009年 为278词,2010年为262词,2011年为319词。由此我们对2012年该题型预 测如下:
1. 选文原则:一是话题贴近考生,贴近生活,与时俱进;二是逻辑性 强,结构严谨,层次分明。 2. 体裁选择:以指导类说明文为主。
action was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn������ t
Parents should help their children understand money.
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
71
So you
may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example.
2. 解题思路
解答该题型的思路通常是:
(1)通读选项,理解句意并比较语义重心的异同; (2)通读全文,了解大意并尝试确定选项; (3)根据语境线索确定答案;
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
(4)重读以确定补全后短文的连贯性。
【例1】(2011新课标全国) Money Matters
补全短文题拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度,不仅考查了考生句
子层面的阅读理解能力,还考查了语篇层次上的阅读理解能力,即考生的
语感和语境领悟能力,把握作者思路的能力,以及对整个语篇或语段的衔 接手段与连贯性的敏感度。这些都是较高层次的阅读理解能力。 从上述考试说明中我们可以总结出该题型的解题线索有:1. 主题句(段);2. 连接词(语),如also, however等;3. 逻辑关系,如时间顺序、空间顺序等。
考纲解读 命题思路 命题趋势 备考策略 解题规律
a name-brand butter and a generic (无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the