现代物流

1. spot order 现货订单2. dedicated/specific assets 专用资产3. distributed manufacture 分散/布式制造4. third party logistics (3PL)第三方物流5. market segmentation 市场分割/细分6. market oriented company 市场取向/导向/面向市场的公司7. barcode 条形码8. full cargo load 满载9. containerization transportation 集装箱化运输10. stocktaking 存货盘点11. safety stock 安全库存12. extended enterprise 外延/扩展型企业13. economies of scale 规模经济14. cash-to-cash cycle time 现金(流)周转时间,变现循环周期15. vertically integrated firms 纵向一体化公司16. what-if scenario analysis 假设情景分析17. mass customization 大规模定制18. capacity utilization 能力/产能利用率，设备利用率19. customer touch points 客户/顾客接触点/情感点20. track record 以往的记录,工作业绩1. electronic data interchange EDI 电子数据交换 11. material requirement planning MRP 物料需求计划 1. one-off purchase order 一次性购买订单2. lead time 订货至交货的时间,在途时间,提前期3. cross-docking 交叉/越库配送，交叉停泊/收货4. outsourcing 外购，业务外包5. carrier 运人/运输商6. stakeholders 利益相关者7. import declarations 进口申报/报单/关 8. container vessel 集装箱船 9. roll on/roll off ship 滚装船，滚上滚下船 10. inventory 存货 11. stockholding costs 库存(维持)成本2. enterprise resource planning.ERP企业资源规划12. just in time JIT就在时间3.manufacturing resource planning MRPII制造资源规划13. point of sale POS销售点4. electronic point of sale EPOS 电子销售点14. bill of materials BOM材料清单5. warehouse management system WMS仓库管理系统15. re-order level ROL再订购水平6. economic order quantity EOQ经济订货量16. property, plant and equipment PPE物业，厂房及设备7. chief logistics officer CLO 首席物流官17. supply chain execution SCE供应链执行8. supply chain planning SCP供应链计划18. European Union EU欧洲联盟9. supply chain transaction SCT供应链交易19. stock keeping unit SKU欧洲联盟10. strategic business unit SBU战略业务单元20. customer-relationship management CRM客户关系管理B\1. Procurement is the process of _______all the __________ required by an organization from external sources.A.Purchasing……goods and materialB. Obtaining……goods and servicesC. Transporting……equipments and serviceD. Consuming……goods and serviceC\2. The four factors that should be considered in ordering are ordering items, suppliers, _____, and ordering quantity.A.ordering demandsB. ordering cycleC. ordering timeD. ordering strategiesC\3. The fundamental principles of suppliers exploitation are the “Q.C.D.S”, i.e.: quality,______, delivery, and service with equal significance.A. customerB. communicationC. costD. conventionD\4. Customer Relationship Management，CRM firstly is a concept of management, the theme of which is regarding the customers of the enterprise (including the final customer, ____, and partners ) as the mostimportant enterprise resources.A.customersB. employeesC. suppliersD. distributorsC\5. Decision support system is used to_________.A.make a decision for the decision-makerB.provide the decision-maker data necessary for a decisionC.help the decision-maker to make a choiceD.provide the decision-maker decision schemesB\6. Transportation is the shipping and transporting of people or materials, and it’s an activity that changes the _______ position of materials between different regions and areas.A. timeB. spaceC. distanceD. storageA\7. Highway transportation organization includes freight transport organization, ______, and vehicle operation organization.A. passenger transport organizationB. loading and unloading organizationC. cleaning organizationD. none of the aboveD\8. The application of ________ to warehousing is one of the ways of reducing overhead costs and improving services.A. EDIB. MHEC. FTAD. LICTC\9. Which of the following is TRUE of holding low levels of stock?A. It decreases the number of orders that must be placed with suppliers.B. It decreases the administration time and costs associated with stock.C. It relies on timely deliveries by suppliers.D. It increases the stockholding costs.A\10. The most agile organization is one in which decision-making authority ________.A. is delegated down to the lowest appropriate levelB. is kept in the highest levelC. is delegated down to every levelD. is kept in the lowest levelD\11. The mission statement can apply to departments, teams or individuals but it ________.A. is the highest level statement about what the organization’s leaders wish to achieveB. will always give a general indication of what is to be doneC. is actually equal to strategic aimsD. will always give a clear indication of what is to be doneB\12. Logistics/supply-chain management is the synchronized movement of _______ the production and delivery of goods and services to the customer.A. inputsB. inputs and outputsC. outputsD. none of the aboveC\13. SCM technologies can be categorized into_________.A. PDM, SCP and SCEB. DOM, SCE and SCTC. SCP, SCE and SCTD. SCP, SCE and PDMC\14. Supply chain solutions for the market economy focus on _____, based on _______.A. production quality……demand forecastingB. demand forecasting……production efficiencyC. production efficiency……demand forecastingD. service quality……demand forecastingB\15. Usually, we will refer to the network economy model as ______.A. the push modelB. the pull modelC. the net modelD. none of the aboveA\16. The ______ is geared toward optimal utilization of the knowledge assets of the firm.A. pull modelB. push modelC. both A and BD. neither A nor BD\17. Which one is TRUE of the international transportation operations?A. Some international movement requires some sort of documentation to identify the person or goodstraveling.B. All countries prohibit or restrict the entry and/or exit of certain people and goods.C. If the operation is legal, the load carried will be legal.D. Some countries require all visitors to acquire a visa from the embassy or consulate in their home countrybefore traveling.C\18. The first challenge for leaders and managers is_______.A.identifying which best practices are most frequently applied by other organizationsB.identifying which best practices are most effective to use in their organizationC.identifying which best practices are most appropriate to use in their organizationD.identifying which best practices are most cost-saving to use in their organizationD\19. What are the benefits of a centralized logistic management?A. A centralized purchasing department not only allows firms to group purchases to obtain the largestquantity discounts, but it can also lead to the standardization of materials.B.It allows firms to establish a single set of rules and procedures enforced on a corporatewide basis.C.Central management and control of information technology within an organization can minimizeinformation system incompatibilities---one of the greatest barriers to achieving operational efficiencies.D.All of the above.B\20. _____ sits at the top of the SCM pyramid.A.SCEB. SCPC. SCTD. PDMA\1. Logistics is somet imes described as the art of achieving the ‘six rights’ which include getting the right things;____________; ____________; at the right time; in the right condition and at the right price.A. in the right quantity to the right placeB. in the right quality to the right placeC. in the right quantity from the right placeD. in the right quality from the right placeC\2. If we select one from several schemes, and give up the others, then, the potential profits that might be introduced by the deserted ones are called ______ of the selected one.A. margin costB. dispersion costC. opportunity cost D sunk costA\3. JIT relies on the co-ordination of _______________ to ensure synchronization of supplies and manufacture.A.production and purchasingB. procurement and planningC.production and managementD. suppliers and manufacturersB\4. Market segmentation is the process of________ the total market for a service into segments.A. looking forB. breaking downC. analyzingD. consideringD\5. The electronic method of transporting the logistics enterprise business document from one computer to another according to a universally recognized standard is ________.A. GIS systemB. EOS systemC. GPS systemD. EDI technologyB\6. The most common way of international transport is by_______.A. airB. seaC. intermodal transportD. railD\7. Which is true about the companies that supply goods?A. They always hold stock.B. They seldom hold stock.C. Some of them never hold stock.D. They provide goods by means of e-tailing.A\8. Which of the following is FALSE of the stock control?A. Furthermore, a high level of stock also reduces the stockholding costs.B. Holding a high level of stock is a simple policy to manage and reduces the risk of stockouts.C. By reducing the need for frequent orders, a high level of stock also reduces the administrative costs ofpurchasing stocks.D. The aim is to achieve a balance between the two extremes of holding too much or too little stock.A\9. The principle of the ‘80/20 rule’ means that 20% of the items which are of _____ account for 80% of the total stock value.A. high valueB. low valueC. medium valueD. both high and low valueA\10. By shortening the chain of command we might _______.A. increase the span of control of all managers in the chainB. increase the workload all managers in the chainC. increase the working efficiency of all managers in the chainD. better the communications throughout the chainD\11. The most agile organization can be achieved on condition that________.A. the staff must be properly trained in appropriate decision-making techniquesB. there are no limits of authorityC. potential decision-makers must be supported by everyoneD. ‘no-blame’ culture must existD\12. It is presumed that managing the extended enterprise will increasingly focus on____.A. physical network managementB. information and knowledge network managementC. government managementD. both A and BC\13. Which of the statements are NOT true?A.To maintain market share and profitability, the firm has to adopt technologies that support operationalexcellence.B.To enable the firm to be a low-cost producer, the deployed technologies must be tightly integrated.C. A firm with multiple products all over the product lifecycle map will need only one set of SCMtechnologies.D.If the research and development department transforms the commodity product to an innovative onewith few substitutes, the product would move from maturity to the growth stage in the product life cycle.B\14. In ______, the entire supply chain is engaged in satisfying the customer's product, service, and support needs on an ongoing basis.A. the push modelB. the pull modelC. both A and BD. the net modelC\15. The ____ firm provides a decision support environment based on actual conditions.A. pushB. traditionalC. pullD. modernA\16. The Single European Act firmly established that________.A. the EU is a customs union and that a single market existsB. there are no customs duty barriers between member statesC. there is a common customs tariff against non-EU goodsD. all of the aboveB\17. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The upscale department store Bloomingdale's can always use the same logistics strategy as massmerchant Wal-Mart.B.Best practices of the leading organizations serve as goals for other companies striving to improveperformance and better satisfy stakeholder interests.C.The same best practices used by an enterprise pursuing a differentiation strategy are also appropriatefor a company following a cost leadership focus.D.At the strategic level, best practices that work for Wal-Mart will never work for Bloomingdale's.B\18. In best practices companies, _______.A.all activities need to be centralizedB.it is necessary to centralize the management and control of those logistics activities that allow the firmto achieve operational efficiencies or other synergies through a centralized approachC.it is also necessary to centralize logistics activities that do not offer organizationwide synergiesD.no activities need to be centralizedA\19. The network economy solution has ______ at its center, pulling products and services as needed from the supply chain.A. the customerB. the suppliersC. the internetD. the productionC\20. The CAs are valid for______ and in practice will coincide with the validity of the ‘O’ license.A.four yearsB. one yearC. five yearsD. five monthsBCD\1. Logistics is a method of managing an organization. Which of the following belong to the four major aspects of logistics management?A. effectB. resultC. timingD. locationABCDE\2. Some valid reasons for holding stock include:A.as a buffer between two production processesB.t o cover demand during suppliers’ lead timeC.to enable savings to be made through bulk purchases or discountsD.to cope with seasonal fluctuationsE.to provide a variety of products in a centralised location.ABCE\3. The most responsive organization, therefore, will be oneA.with a well-trained, multi-skilled workforceB.with a clear understanding of the limits of their authorityC.with an expectation of support from senior managementD.with an allocation of blame or punishment when things go wrongE.with an understanding of the intent of the senior management.AB\4. The very term “extended enterprise” means:A.breaking down a company’s outer wallB.extending its strategy, structure, and processes to its core partnersC.extending its management scope and layersD.breaking down the walls between the inner functions in the enterpriseABCD\5. Some of the benefits from introducing cabotage operations may include:A. a more efficient and cost conscious system C. cheaper goodsC. fewer vehicles on the roadD. less congestion, less pollution and fewer accidentsABCD\1. SWOT analysis means analysis of internal____and ___, and external____and ____.A.strengthsB. weaknessesC. opportunitiesD. threatsABCD\2. The tendency for organizations to ‘delayer’ would ______.A.create what is known as a ‘flat structure’B.remove some layers of management appearing in the traditional organization structureC.create a quicker decision-making processD.save a great deal of time for communications to pass up and down the chain.E.result in a decrease in workload and a decreased ‘span of control’.AC\3. If the organizations and managers adopt an autocratic style of management,________.A.they tend to keep decision-making authority at the higher management levelsB.they would delegate it down to lower onesC.all decisions take a long time to makeD. no decision can be madeAB\4. Historically, firms have tried to optimize their cash position by______.A.delaying paymentsB. hurrying receipt of incoming cashC. increasing the service qualityD. both B and CABCD\5. Best practices organizations see logistics as the glue that holds together _____.A.CustomersB. transportation carriersC.suppliersD. all other firms in their extended enterprisThe SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis is used by marketing managers to answer the questions ‘where is the company today? How does it perform?’The purpose is to identify internal strengths and weaknesses of the company in comparison to its competitors, i.e. what does the company do well and what does it do poorly? Consideration of the opportunities and threats in the market involves trying to look to the future and forecast what might happen to the business.市场营销经理利用SWOT（优势, 劣势, 机遇, 威胁）[1分]分析来回答“公司的现状是怎样的？该怎样运营？”之类的问题[1分]。