高中英语 难句 剖析 拓展(Unit 22 Environmental Protection)学案 北师大版
北师大版高中英语选修八 Unit22 environmental protect-语法篇(学生版)
Unit 22 Environmental Protection语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、掌握直接引语与间接引语||，现在完成时的被动语态||，非谓语动词的被动语态||。
2、灵活运用直接引语与间接引语||，现在完成时的被动语态||，非谓语动词的被动语态||。
直接引语与间接引语一、概念引述别人的话时||，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话||，把它放在引号内||，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述||，被转述的话不放在引号内||，称为间接引语||。
间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语||。
直接引语变成间接引语时||，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述语序||。
例如：直接引语：He said||，“I want to have a drink now.”间接引语：He said that he wanted to have a drink then.二、变身方法1.人称变化：口诀：一主二宾三不变||。
即直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语||，第二人称取决于主句的宾语||，第三人称一般不变||。
1）He said||，“I get on well with people here.”→He said that he got on well with people there.2）Susan said||，“We can finish the work tomorrow.”→Susan said that they could finish the work the next day.3）John said||，“Mary went to Beijing three days ago.”→John said that Mary had gone to Beijing three days before.2.时态变化：口诀：主句现在从不变||，主句过去从顺延||。
最新高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元核心要点回扣北师大版选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection单元核心要点回扣Ⅰ.重点单词1．________n．农业→________adj.农业的2．________v．分开；分离→________n．分离，分开3．________n．山，山区→________adj.多山的4．________v．考虑，考虑→________adj.想得周到的，体恤的→________adj.相当大的，可观的；值得考虑的5．________adj.锋利的，尖锐的→________vt.削尖→________n．卷笔刀6．________vt.建造→________n．建设；建造7．________vt.主张；倡导→________n．拥护；主张；倡导8．________n．资金→________adj.财政(上)的；金融的9．________n．政治→________adj.政治的→______n．政治家10．________vt.分配；配给→________n．分配；配给【答案】 1.agriculture；agricultural 2.separate；separation 3.mountain；mountainous 4．consider；considerate；considerable 5.sharp；sharpen；sharpener 6.construct；construction 7．advocate；advocation 8.finance；financial 9．politics；political；politician 10.allocate；allocationⅡ.重点短语1．look ________ 展望将来；向前看look down on/upon 轻视；看不起look forward ________ 期待；盼望look ________ (情势)好转；查阅；昂首看look up to 敬慕；爱崇2．carry off 掠去；夺走carry away 带走；冲去carry ______(with sth.) 继续做carry sth.________ 实行；履行carry sb.________ 帮某人渡过难关3．turn ________ 对……发怒；打开turn ________ 出现；调大(音量等)turn down 拒绝；调小(音量等)turn ________ 结果是；证明是；消费turn over 翻转；移交4．get ________ 克服；恢复；完成；熬过get along 相处；进展get down ________ 开始认真做get ________ 进来；收割；参加get through 做完；用完；接通；完成5．break away from 脱离；离开；与……脱离关系break ________ 爆发；忽然发生break through 打破；冲垮break down 出故障；分解break up 打碎；拆散；分裂(解体)答案【答案】 1.ahead；to；up 2.on；out；through3．on；up；out 4.over；to；in 5.outⅢ.重点句式1．The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by more than 30% in the last 250 years ________________ since 1960.在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳的含量曾经添加了30%以上，而其中一半是在1960年以后添加的。
高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 背景知识拓展 北师大版选修8
Unit 22 Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental problemsEnvironmental problems are becoming more and more se rious all over the world. With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make great noises and give off poisonous gas. Trees on the hills have been cut down, and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to man's existence.There are still many problems of environmental protection in recent years. One of the most serious problems is the serious pollution of air, water and soil. The polluted air does great harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and death. What is more, vegetation has been greatly reduced with the rapid growth of modern cities.To protect the environment, governments of many countries have done a lot. Legislative steps have been introduced to co n trol air pollution, to protect the forest and sea resources and to stop any environmental pollution. Therefore, governments are playing the most important role in the environmental protection today.In my opinion, to protect environment, the gove rnment must take even more concrete measures. Firstly, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Secondly, much more efforts shou ld be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more peopl e means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environmentintentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environ ment means destroying mankind themselves.As we all know, there is only one earth. The environment must be linked with social ethics, character education and practice acts Everyone must fulfil his responsibilities and obligations to protect the environment.环境问题全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。
【K12教育学习资料】[学习]2019版高考英语 Unit 22 Environmental Pro
![【K12教育学习资料】[学习]2019版高考英语 Unit 22 Environmental Pro](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1f67ffe084254b35eefd349f.png)
Unit 22 Environmental Protection李仕才一、阅读理解。
Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That's true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen，a psychologist at the University of Virginia，and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens，starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens' closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25,26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data，they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression.And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits，says Allen，but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior，such as smoking，drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.”And，he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”1．Where can you probably read this passage?A．Science fiction.B．Health column.C．Fashion magazine.D．Entertainment newspaper.2．We can learn from Allen's study that ________.A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult healthC．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27D．the teens who couldn't express themselves grew up to be unhealthy3．According to what Allen said，we can know that ________.A．in order to do better at school，teens should not follow the crowdB．though it's challenging for teens to deal with peer pressure，they should not give upC．teens will engage in smoking，drinking or using drugs when facing peer pressure D．parents should understand their teens and stop them going with friends 4．What can be inferred from the passage?A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。
高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionPeriodSixGram
Unit 22 Environmental ProtectionPeriod Six Grammar单元语法（一）——转述结构［语法图解］［语法感悟］把下列直接引语变为间接引语1．“The service in the restaurant is very poor，” they c omplained。
→They complained_that the service in the restaurant was very poor.2．“Don’t go out alone at night,” he warned me。
→He warned_me_not_to_go_out alone at night。
3．Mr Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children.”→Mr Wang told the children that he would_leave_for Shanghai on business the_next_month。
4．“Are you interested in this？” he said to me.→He asked_me_if/whether_I_was_interested_in_that.5．I asked Tom, “How long have you been employed at this job？”→I asked Tom how long he had_been employed at that job。
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语.一、转述结构的基本句型及常用动词1．动词＋that 从句。
常用动词为add, admit, agree， announce， believe，boast, claim， complain, deny, declare， explain， insist, remind, suggest，warn 等。
高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅤLanguageA
A．146,000.
B．15 million.
C．40 million.
D．3 billion.
【答案(dáàn)】 1.B 2.C 3.B
第七页，共47页。
concentrate on 全神贯注于；集中于 (教材 P16)Besides protecting endangered species，the WWF concentrates on these key areas of global conservation...除了保护濒危物种外，世界野生动 物基金还把力量集中在全球保护的几个重点领域……
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Unit 22 Environmental Protection
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第十四页，共47页。
at a time at the same time on time all the time in no time at no time
每次，一次 同时 准时 一直，始终 立即，马上 从不，决不
第十五页，共47页。
①We can't do two things at a time.
第十二页，共47页。
release...from... 把……从……中解脱出来
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⑤Death at last released her _______ her pain. 死亡最终使她免除了痛苦。
2019版高三英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 22 Environmental Pr
Unit 22 Environmental Protection(对应学生用书第151页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．trap vt. 使困住2．principle n. 原则，道德准则3．beyond prep. 超出4．relevant adj.有关的5．coincidence n. 巧合6．condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判7．advocate vt.主张，提倡8．recycle vt.回收利用9．substitute n. 代替品，代用品10．seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取11．means n. 方式，方法；手段12．potential n. 可能性，潜在性13．botanical adj.植物(的)14．corrupt adj.贪污受贿的，腐败的15．conservation n. 保护16．consensus n. 一致的意见17．sacrifice vt.& vi.牺牲，献出18．catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难19．negative adj.消极的，负面的20．fragile adj.脆弱的；易毁的21．valid adj.有充分理由的22．evolution n. (生物)进化Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．adopt vt.采用→adoption n. 收养；采用2．reserve vt.保留；预约n. 保护区→reserved adj.预订的；保留的→reservation n. 保护3．agriculture n. 农业→agricultural adj.农业的4．threat n. 威胁→threaten vt.威胁5．change v．&n. 变化→changeable adj.多变的6．separate v. 分开adj.分开的→separation n. 分离，分开7．construct vt.建造→construction n. 建造8．finance n. 资金→financial adj.财政的；金融的9．allocate vt.分配，配给→allocation n. 分配，配给10．politics n. 政治(活动)→political adj.政治的→politician n. 政治家11．sharp adj.锋利的→sharpen vt.& vi.削尖→sharpener n. 卷笔刀12．consider v. 思考；认为→considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的→consideration n. 考虑；思考→considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于13．calculate vt.计算，算出→calculation n. 计算→calculator n. 计算器Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．We supported each other financially(finance) and by showing up at events.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)2．Agricultural(agriculture) development simply must precede economic development. 3．Some members of the committee expressed reservations(reserve) about the proposal. 4．The incident threatened(threat) to ruin his chances in the election. 5．Market is an effective means in allocation (allocate) of resources.6．My calculation(calculate) is based on notional figures，since the actual figures are not yet available.7．Considering his young age，it is quite considerate of him to consider other people before making decisions.(consider)8．After a long separation，they both lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)9．A new bridge is being constructed over the river and its construction will be finished next year.(construct)10．It is not safe to let the child sharpen his pencil using the sharp sharpener．(sharp)[拓展联想]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．a number of 一些2．beyond one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制3．in turn 依次；反过来4．lead to 引起，导致5．ahead of 在……前面6．apart from 除……以外7．answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任8．call for an end to sth. 要求结束……9．on one's behalf 代表……10．carry off 掠去，夺走11．all in all 总的来说12．earn one's living 谋生13．as a matter of fact 实际上14．break away from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织) 15．look ahead 展望未来，向前看16．take action 采取行动Ⅱ.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．It was his carelessness that led to his failure in the exam.2．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture. 3．Nowadays many teenagers want to break away from their parents and live a life free from being controlled.4．If you drive this car without a licence，you'll have to answer for the consequences.5．I thought we'd be late for the concert，but we ended up getting there ahead of time.6．The young man made a promise to his parents that he would try to earn his living after graduation.7．As a matter of fact，I've never been there before.8．Mr Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf．9．Thieves carried off the farmer's sheep during the night.10．His idea is to look ahead and make a good plan.11．A number of students were absent from the meeting for various reasons. 12．It's beyond my control to fall in love with you.[拓展联想][句式结构仿写](对应学生用书第153页) 精讲6个考纲单词trap v ．使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境n ．陷阱；圈套；捕捉器[教材原句] Because of the greenhouse effect ，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。
高考英语一轮复习 基础考点聚焦 Unit 22 Environmental Protection 北
Unit 22 Environmental Protection话题：自然(Nature)1.storm n．暴风雨2.powerful adj.强大的3.typhoon n.台风4.rescue v.援救；营救5.natural adj.自然的6.wild adj.野生的；荒凉的7.hurricane n.飓风8.damage v．&n.损害；损坏9.decrease v.减少10.earthquake n.地震11.victim n.灾民12.sand storm 沙尘暴13.get involved in 涉与14.die out 灭绝15 disasterhit area灾区16 e to rescue 前来救援17.rescue work 救援工作18.be trapped in ruins 被困废墟中19.lie in ruins 变为废墟20.economic loss 经济损失1.We will meet at 8：00 am at the gate, where a blue bus will be waiting.我们将在上午8：00在大门口见面，在那里一辆蓝色公共汽车会等着我们。
2.I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China.我从你的信中得知，你很担心在中国一些地区频繁出现的雾霾现象。
3.Only when everyone take it seriously will we be able to have a beautiful home. 只有每个人都重视了，我们才能有一个美丽的家园。
(2017·哈尔滨九中高三模拟)假定你住在一个涉外小区。
社区委员会请你帮助用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。
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难句·剖析·拓展1. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something previously seen as beyond our control.在过去的几十里, 科学家一致认为, 人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。
剖析：这是一个主从复合句, scientists have reached consensus and reported 是主句, in the last few decades是时间状语, that引导宾语从句human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate, something...是changes的同位语。
previously seen 是过去分词作定语, 等于that was previously seen, as“就像……一样”, sth. be seen as“被作为……看待”。
beyond our control“在我们的控制之外”。
拓展：过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句, 前提是当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时, 才能把从句缩略为过去分词, 如果主句的主语和从句主语不相同, 要用介词with构成with复合结构——with sth. done。
2. Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.如果没有这些自然产生的气体, 太阳的光线将会被反射回太空中去, 地球将处于寒冷之中, 而不适合生命的存在。
剖析：这是一个含有现在分词的简单句, Without these naturally occurring gases 是介词结构作状语, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space 是句子的主体, leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on是现在分词短语作结果状语。
拓展：1)本句是一个与现在有关的虚拟语气, without短语起到一个条件状语从句的作用, 等于if there were not these naturally occurring gases“如果没有这些自然产生的气体”。
从句中, be的形式要用were, 主句中谓语要用“would +动词原形”。
2)此处的leave意为“使得某人或某物处于某种状态”, 常用的形式有:leave sb. /sth. +adj. , leave sb. /sth. +介词短语, leave sb. /sth. +doing, leave sb. /sth. +done。
3. Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1°F and many experts insist that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human activities.在过去的100里, 全球的平均温度上升了1华氏度, 许多专家坚持认为，在很大程度上，人类的活动要对全球变暖负责。
剖析：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句, 第一个并列分句是Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1°F, 第二个并列分句是many experts insist..., 其中又包含一个宾语从句that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on human activities.拓展：1)“介词by+数词”表示动作发展的程度。
2)insist作“坚持认为”讲时, 后面的从句用陈述语气。
如:The young man insisted that what he had done was right. 那个轻人坚持认为他做的事情是正确的。
当insist作“坚决要求”讲时, 后面的从句用虚拟语气, 谓语是“should +do”, should 可以省略。
如:The young man insisted that what he had won should be sent to the poor pupils. 那个轻人坚决要求将他赢得的东西送给贫穷的学生。
4. Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.根据这一数据推断, 人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系不仅仅是一个巧合。
剖析：这是一个主从复合句, Given this data是过去分词作条件状语, 相当于When we are given this data, it seems...是主句, it是形式主语, 真正的主语从句是 that the link...is not merely a coincidence, between human activities and rising global temperatures是介词短语作定语。
拓展：given作“假设的, 假使的”讲, given短语用在句中可相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
如:Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening.＝If we are given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai on Monday evening.假如天气好, 我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
I’d come and see you in New York, given the chance.= I’d come and see you in New York, if I am given the chance.如果有机会, 我就到纽约来看你。
5. They suggest making small changes like taking public transport, recycling, using low-flow shower heads, and buying light bulbs that use less energy. 专家们建议我们在生活上作一些小小的改变, 比如搭乘公共交通工具, 循环使用, 使用节水沐浴龙头, 购买节能灯泡。
剖析：这是一个含有动名词的简单句, they是主语, suggest是谓语, making small changes是动名词作宾语, like 是介词, 后面接三个动名词作介词宾语, that use less energy是定语从句，修饰light bulbs。
拓展：中学教材中常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有:avoid, admit, advise, regret, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, forbid, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, permit, resist, risk, suggest, stop 等。
(stop 后虽也能接不定式, 但不定式是作状语。
)只接动名词作宾语的一些常用特殊动词的口决:特殊动词接“动名”, 使用它们要记清,“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”,“坚持”“练习”必“完成”,“延期”“避免”非“介意” ，掌握它们今必行。
6. Reduced rainfall has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier.降雨量的减少已经影响了非洲大部分地区多, 使灌溉渠道干涸, 而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。
剖析：这是一个由and连接的并列句, 在第一个并列分句中, leaving irrigation canals dry是现在分词作结果状语。
在第二个并列分句many other zones are becoming drier中, 用了现在进行时和形容词的比较级, 表示正在变化的动作。
7. An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1. 6 million lives in the last hundred years.从某种程度上来说, 有更多的人处在地震的危险中, 在过去的几百间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。
剖析：这是一个主从复合句, An even greater number of people live at risk 是主句。
from earthquakes是介词词组作定语修饰risk, which have claimed more than 1. 6 million lives in the last hundred years是定语从句。
more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years是claimed的宾语从句, more than“超过”, 修饰1. 6 million, to some degree是插入语。
拓展：插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。
常见的插入语有形容词(词组)、副词、不定式、现在分词短语、介词短语、从句以及固定短语。
插入语的位置, 可放在句首、句中或句末, 一般用逗号或分号隔开。
1）常见的介词短语有:to some degree（从某种程度上来说), in fact;in addition;in a word;on the other hand;in other words;in one’s opinion;in that case;by the way;of course;as a rule;to one’s surprise;for ex ample;on the contrary（相反);in a way(在某点上、在某种程度上);for one thing;for another (thing)等。