山东临沂英语含答案.doc
山东临沂市初中英语七年级下册期末基础练习(含解析)
一、选择题1．_________listen to music in class.A．Don’t B．Isn’t C．Not A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：不要在课堂上听音乐。
考查祈使句。
根据_____listen to music in class.结合选项可知本题考查否定祈使句，否定祈使句的构成为：Don’t+动词原形+其它。
结合选项可知A选项符合题意，故答案选A。
2．It is not good to shout your teachers, because it is impolite.A．in B．at C．with D．for B解析：B【解析】句意：对着你的老师大喊是不好的，因为这没有礼貌。
in在…里面；at在具体时刻或地点；with和…一起；for为了，因为。
这里考查的是固定短语shout at…对…大喊大叫。
故应选B。
3．Jack got up early breakfast for his mother on Mother’s Day.A．make B．to make C．making D．made B解析：B【解析】句意：在母亲节那天为了给妈妈做早饭，Jack起得很早。
make做，制作，是动词原形；to make是动词不定式形式；making是现在分词形式；made是make的过去式。
根据句意可知，make breakfast for his mother是got up early的目的，故应用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语，选B。
4．After class, the students can’t relax, . And they have to do their homework.A．too B．also C．either C解析：C【解析】句意：课后，学生们也不能放松。
他们必须做他们的家庭作业。
考查副词辨析。
A. too副词，“也”，用于肯定句，置于句末；B. also副词，“也”，用在肯定句中，置于主语后，实意动词前；C. either副词，“也”，用于否定句，置于句末；由题干After class, the students can’t relax, . 可知，本句是一个否定句，所以应用either；故答案选C。
山东省临沂市某重点中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题 Word版含答案
高二英语试题2022. 07本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（满分100分）留意事项：1. 答第I卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2. 第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦洁净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman mean?A. The old houses should be turned into shopping centers.B. It's nothing new to see new shopping centers.C. There should be more shopping centers.2. Who might repair the TV set?A. The man.B. The woman.C. The woman's husband.3. What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Boss and secretary.C. Husband and wife.4. Where does Bill need to go before he can play ball?A. To a physical education class.B. To a baseball training camp.C. To the doctor.5. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Look for another style at a different store.B. Give the sweater away as a gift.C. Change the sweater for a bigger one.其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
山东省临沂市兰山区2023-2024学年八年级上学期期中英语试题(含答案)
2023～2024学年度上学期期中阶段质量检测试题八年级英语2023.11注意事项：1．本试卷分试题卷和答题卡两部分。
试题卷1至8页，答题卡1至3页。
总分100分，考试时间90分钟。
2．答卷前考生务必用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座号填写在试题卷和答题卡规定的位置。
考生须在答题卡规定的区域内答题，在试题卷上答题不得分。
选择题须用2B 铅笔填涂，非选择题须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写。
3．考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
试题卷一、阅读理解（共20小题，计40分）A Sunshine Hotel Your second home in LondonBest service ·open 24 hours a day ·available room service 24 hours a day·free breakfast from 8:00 a. m. to 10:30 a. m.Best rooms·a large bed or two single beds·two comfortable sofas in every room·a clean bathroom·a color TV and a telephoneShower Bathtub Wi- FiGetting around·across from a large shopping center·only a few minutes’ walk from a garden·stores, libraries and restaurants nearbyBest LocationAIRPORT1.6km LondonCityTRAIN 3.6km Woolwich Arsenal Subway 2.0 km Canning Town Welcome to our hotel! You will fall in love with it! You will have a good time here.Tel:2860 2304Fax:2860 2400E- mail:********************根据海报内容，选择最佳答案。
山东临沂市初中英语九年级全一册Starter Unit 2基础练习(含解析)
考试范围：xxx；满分：***分；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx 学校：__________ 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 考号：__________一、选择题1．________ mooncake on the plate looks delicious.I want to eat ________．A．A；one B．The；it C．The；one D．A；it2．—How do you celebrate______?—We usually eat zongzi and watch boat races.A．the Spring Festival B．the Mid-Autumn FestivalC．the Lantern Festival D．the Dragon Boat Festival3．—Have you chemistry for the coming exam?—Yes. I’m quite ready for it.A．repeated B．copied C．marked D．reviewed 4．—Excuse me, can you teach me how to this new word?—No problem. Look at my mouth and listen carefully.A．prove B．pronounce C．prepare D．produce5．— My grandpa practices playing the guitar ________ in the university for the elderly every day.—Cool! It’s never too old to learn.A．hard B．hardly C．great D．greatly6．He saw a thief ______ new clothes at the store and he called 110.A．tricking B．stealing C．treating D．lying7．—I wonder if you ______ to the school concert tomorrow.—If I ______, I will go with pleasure.A．go; am invited B．will go; was invited C．will go; am invited D．go; will be invited 8．He thinks that he needs to take more exercise because he’s _________ weight.A．putting off B．putting up C．putting out D．putting on9．Bill is a new student. You should _________ him.A．look at B．care about C．listen to D．take after 10．David doesn’t know _________ for Guangzhou, because the boss hasn’t decided who should go.A．when he will leave B．when will he leave C．if he leaves D．if he’ll leave11．I don’t know or not he will come this afternoon.A．if B．that C．whether D．weather 12．Andrew decided ______ for a walk in the forest.A．go B．to goC．going D．goes13．—The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.—Don’t worry. I am sure _______ our team will win!A．that B．if C．whether D．Why14．Last week，some students an English play at Rosie Bridge School.A．put out B．put away C．put on D．put up 15．The police warned the thief _______again.A．not to steal B．to not stealC．not steal D．not stealing16．Suzhou is famous _______ its beautiful gardens and this garden is known _______ one of the best.A．for；for B．for；as C．as；for D．as；as 17．Animals as our good friends because they help us a lot.A．treat B．are treated C．treated D．were treated 18．like Hawaii, Lenovo used to do with foreigners.A．Business; business B．Businesses; businesses C．Businesses; business D．Business; businesses19．The young man kept _______the little boy _______away from the big dog .A．to warn , keeping B．to warn, to keepC．warning , keeping D．warning , to keep20．—What if I tell him the truth?—If you do that,you will________with an egg on your face.A．take up B．end up C．keep up D．catch up 21．The bad news ______ everywhere through the Internet yesterday.A．spread over B．spreads over C．spread out D．spreads out 22．Dad, could you please ________ a light in my study?A．put on B．put in C．put out D．put away 23．—Lucy,who's the man you called up just now?—He's my uncle,a of mine.A．relative B．pupilC．stranger D．present24．─How do most people _________ the Lantern Festival（元宵节）？─By enjoying all kinds of beautiful lanterns and guessing lantern riddles.A．care B．celebrate C．choose D．expect25．--What do you often do _____ classes to relax yourselves?--We often do eye exercises ,listen to music or do some running around the school.A．in B．among C．between D．through26．______ the Spring Festival is!A．How fun B．How C．What interesting D．What fun【参考答案】一、选择题1．B2．D3．D4．B5．A6．B7．C8．D9．B10．D11．C12．B13．A14．C15．A16．B17．B18．C19．D20．B21．A22．B23．A25．C26．D【参考解析】一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】句意：盘子上的月饼看起来很好吃，我想要吃了它。
山东省临沂市兰陵县2024年英语七下期末考试试题含答案
山东省临沂市兰陵县2024年英语七下期末考试试题满分120分，时间90分钟一、完形填空(10分)1、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。
每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
方框中有2个多余选项,Zhang Guimei is the headmistress（女校长）of a high school in Lijiang city, Yunnan. Twenty years ago. Zhang met an unhappy ___1___ when she walked in a village. She told Zhang she hoped to go to a high school, but her family couldn’t pay for it. Zhang felt really ___2___ for the girl.After she left the village, she kept thinking about how to ___3___ girls in that village. She found the number of girls, from Grade 10 to Grade 12, was getting smaller. She knew she must do ___4___ about it. In 2008, Huaping Girls’ High School. China’s first tuition（学费）—free school, opened.Zhang sleeps only 5 hours every day. She lives at school and gets up early to ___5___ girls in the morning. At school, all of them have to do things ___6___ because time is important. Zhang loves them very much but she is strict with them. With her help, over 1800 girls have gone to universities（大学）. However, she has many health ___7___ because of her short sleeping hours. Every year, many of the girls come to teach in poor villages, and some even go back to work in Huaping Girls’ High School.二、短文填空（10分）2、阅读下面这篇短文，联系上下文填入所缺单词。
【英语】英语名词练习题及答案含解析
【英语】英语名词练习题及答案含解析一、初中英语名词1．（.山东临沂）I live near the station, It‘s only about five ________ walk.A. minute’sB. minuteC. minutes’D. minutes【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:我住在车站附近。
只有大约步行五分钟的路程。
英语中基数词+时间词的所有格+交通方式，可以表示用这种交通方式需要多长时间。
时间词根据基数词不同而进行单复数变化。
本题中minute应该用复数形式，后面加s；故变为所有格时后面只加'即可。
选C。
2．—Look, the boss is very angry with Alex.—Well, he came late again. But that's no ______ to shout at him.A. problemB. lessonC. excuseD. reason【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意：——看，老板非常生亚历克斯的气。
——哦，他又来晚了。
但是没有理由冲他大喊。
problem没问题；lesson课；excuse理由；reason原因。
根据but可知此处表示转折，就是他来晚了，也没有理由对他大喊，故选C。
【点评】此题考查名词的辨析，注意识记意义相近的名词。
3．Zhang Lin is a popular ______ in this school and most of her students are her fans.A. farmerB. doctorC. workerD. teacher【答案】 D【解析】【分析】考查名词辨析。
根据school和her students知道是老师，故选D。
4．—What do you think of our hotel?—Good! I'm especially satisfied with the high of your service．A. levelB. speedC. praiseD. price【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意：——你觉得我们酒店怎么样？——好!我对你们高质量的服务特别满意。
山东省临沂市某中学2021-2022学年高一上学期第三次月考英语试题 Word版含答案
临沂高一班级第三次月考英语试题2022-1本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共12页，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1.How will the woman go to the hospital?A. By taxiB. By motorcycleC. By bus2. Where is the man probably now?A. At homeB. In the officeC. In a restaurant3 Who is coming for tea?A. MarkB. JohnC. Tracy4. What is the man’s second present?A. A watchB. A carC. A computer5 When will the man call the woman?A. At 5:30 pm.B. At 6:00pm.C. At 6:30pm.其次节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。
请听第6段材料，回答第6,7题。
6. What day is it probably today?A. TuesdayB. WednesdayC. Thursday7. What will the man do tonight?A. Prepare for a testB. Go out with AliceC. Go to a lecture请听第7段材料，回答第8，9题。
8. When does the conversation probably take place?A. At the beginning of the new term.B. During the summer vacation.C. At the end of the term.9. Why does the man come here?A. To say goodbye to Lily.B. To meet a new teacher.C. To attend a history class.请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题.10. What was the man’s pen pal doing when he was traveling in Beijing?A. Studying in Beijing.B. Visiting his family.C. Traveling in Sichuan.11.On which day did the man visit the Summer Place?A. The first dayB. The second dayC.The third day12.What was the weather like on the third day?A. SunnyB.CloudyC. Rainy请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语-试题含解析
2024届山东省临沂市高三下学期一模考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解EYLEAConsumer Brief SummaryThis summary contains risk and safety information for patients about EYLEA．It does not include all the information and does not take the place of talking to your eye doctor. What is EYLEA?EYLEA is a medicine that works by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF）, which can cause fluid to leak into the macula(视网膜黄斑).What is EYLEA used for?EYLEA is indicated for the treatment of patients with:·Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion(RVO)·Diabetic Macular Edema(DME)·Diabetic Retinopathy(DR)How is EYLEA given?EYLEA is an injection(注射)administered by eye doctor and the injections are given on different schedules.Confirm with your doctor which schedule is appropriate.What are the most common side effects of EYLEA?·Eye pain·Light sensitivity·Increased eye rednessFor more possible side effects,ask your eye doctor.You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA．Visit /medwatch,or call1-800-FDA-1088.What should I tell my eye doctor before receiving EYLEA?·Infections in or around the eye·Eye pain or redness·Being allergic to any ingredients in EYLEA·Being or planning to be pregnantWhere can I learn more about EYLEA?For a more comprehensive review of EYLEA safety and risk information,talk to your health care provider and see the full information at EYLEA．com.1．Who is the passage intended for?A．Eye doctors.B．Medicine students.C．Drug researchers.D．Patients with eye conditions. 2．How can you learn more about EYLEA?A．Visit EYLEA．com.B．Call1-800-FDA-1088.C．Visit /medwatch.D．Talk to a medical professor. 3．What is this text?A．A medical report.B．An introduction to a book.C．A healthcare contract.D．A piece of medical instructions.Watford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay,Baltimore for generations.Her community has faced environmental injustice.Heavy industries continued to move in her community.As a result,her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory(呼吸的) problems.When she knew a plan to build the nation’s largest trash-burning incinerator(焚化炉) less than a mile away from her high school,she realized she had to take action.The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean,renewable energy equipment but actually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release200million tons of greenhouse gases per year,both worse than coal burning.Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work together to shut this plant down.She co-founded Free Your Voice(FYV),a10-person student organization devoted to community rights and social justice.Together,they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers,the incinerator’s developer.They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools(BCPS)was going to be a customer of Energy Answers,the organization fought with the board and presented their case, urging BCPS to withdraw from the project.BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract, which in turn inspired22other customers to do the same.Without any financial gain,Energy Answers had no market to move forward with its plan.Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development.Theyhave a vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement,a solar farm,and green jobs.She wants the entire human family to join the fight for environmental justice because survival as a species depends on our ability to take action.4．What caused respiratory problems in Watford’s community?A．Poor medical care.B．Terrible environmental conditions.C．Constant bacterial infection.D．Unbalanced distribution of resources. 5．What is Watford’s attitude to building the incinerator?A．Unfavourable.B．Doubtful.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent. 6．What was the result of their campaign?A．BCPS lost financial support.B．Energy Answers stopped its plan.C．The investors found new market.D．Many customers revised their contracts. 7．What would be the best title for the text?A．A teenage hero against urban pollutionB．A teenage hero fighting for an advanced cityC．A battle for Baltimore’s sky by a teenage heroD．The social justice challenge for a teenage heroHumans work hard to avoid viruses.Sick people are isolated,diseased animals are killed and fields of infected crops are fired up.Reviving(复活)an ancient virus would surely be a disaster.But a new study led by Fiddamanfrom Oxford,challenges this conventional wisdom.It shows how the revival of an ancient virus can unlock the secrets of its evolution.The virus in the study is Marek’s disease virus(MDV),killing more than90%of chickens.Yet when it was discovered in1907,MDV rarely caused death.Dr Fiddaman wondered whether its new-found virulence(毒性)was a result of large structural changes.To find out,he and his colleagues got their hands on nearly1,000chicken bones from ancient times across Europe and Asia,some of them up to2000years old. Sections of DNA from these remains were mapped on to the ones of today’s virus.As the authors pieced together the sets of genes of ancient MDV,however,they noticed that the genes were arranged identically to those in modern species.It suggests that the increased virulence resulted not from large structural changes,but from point mutations(突变).In particular,changes had occurred in the arrangement of a gene called MEQ,which hasan essential role in tumour(肿瘤)formation.This discovery suggests that the ancient MDV may not have been able to cause tumours. To test this assumption,Dr Fiddaman followed up with a daring experiment.He made the ancient form of the MEQ gene and shoot it into living chicken cells.It did not turn on any of the genes associated with tumour formation.In comparison,a modern MEQ gene quickly showed its tendency to cause tumours.By combining ancient and modern genetic biology,the methods pioneered in the paper reveal how,and more importantly why,any virus mutates.That could help scientists tackle other viruses that pull on the purse-strings of farmers—by designing new vaccines(疫苗),for instance—or even to work out how to prevent another global pandemic.8．What is widely acknowledged about the revival of an ancient virus?A．It is a challenging task.B．It reveals the virus evolution.C．It means a disaster for humans.D．It helps people fight diseases. 9．What caused the virulence change of MDV?A．Point mutations in MEQ.B．The occurrance of a new gene.C．The reproduction of the ancient MDV.D．Large structural changes in modern species.10．How did Dr Fiddaman test the assumption?A．By investigating a typical case.B．By conducting a field survey.C．By studying the related theories.D．By doing a comparative experiment. 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Viruses weaken gradually when they mutate.B．The finding throws light on handling other viruses.C．A global pandemic requires a world effort to end it.D．Farmers will face more complex challenges than before.When American anthropologist Colin Turnbull published The Mountain People in1972, he referred to his subjects—a Ugandan group called the Ik—as“the loveless people.”After two years of observations,he decided that they reflected humanity’s basic instincts(本能): cheat,thievery,and pitilessness.But when Athena Aktipis and her colleagues from the Human Generosity Project took a deeper look,they identified a community that shared everything.“Turnbull had visited Uganda during a disastrous famine(饥荒).All he saw iswhat happens when people are starving.”says Aktipis.But her team revealed that despite living under pressure,the Ik placed a high value on helping one another when they could.Aktipis believes that altruism is more common and beneficial than evolutionary social science has long thought.“It was assumed that people are designed to only do things to help themselves or their relatives.”she says.By studying the unique,selfless practices that helped nine communities across the world to continue to exist,the experts from the Project are looking to show that we are indeed capable of widespread cooperation.The Maasai people in Kenya provide one of the project’s main points.They rely on two-way friendships for resources like food or water when they’re in need,without expecting any repayment.Also,a world away,in New Mexico,while folks often help transport cattle and receive support in return,they will assist without repayment if someone faces difficulties, such as an injury or the death of a loved one.Aktipis believes theoretical frameworks she’s perfected through studying these groups can apply broadly to any interdependent systems.Her big goal is to design social-service systems that support everyone.Take market-based insurance in the United States as an example:It’s priced based on individual risk factors such as health histories and where people live,which means millions of Americans can’t afford it.But in a system built on neighboring, pooled costs(合并成本)would level the burden during collective hardship like natural disasters and pandemics.12．What did Turnbull think of the Ik people?A．Heartless.B．Helpful.C．Restless.D．Generous. 13．What does the underlined word“altruism”in paragraph2probably mean?A．Trying to be strong and tough to survive.B．Making full use of the surrounding resources.C．Being devoted to themselves or their relatives.D．Caring about the needs and happiness of others.14．What does paragraph3intend to convey?A．Friendships guarantee a well-being life.B．Folks assist each other to get support.C．Cooperation is a good and natural instinct.D．People tend to provide resources for free.15．How does Aktipis intend to apply her findings?A．By designing a policy for public health.B．By monitoring individual health histories.C．By creating a system against collective hardship.D．By lowering insurance prices for individual victims.Mark Covington,founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit,stands in a corner of his urban farm,breathing the fresh air in the early morning.16Early in the day,the green crops giving life to tomatoes,cabbages,eggplants,and more are bathed in gold,as if being watered by the sun.The sounds of dogs,pigs,roosters,and a group of stirring bees drown out the sounds of the city.In2007,Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.17“It was dirty,”he said.“There were always vacant lots,but they had always been maintained for children to play on.”He knew that if he just cleaned them up,people would pile on them again.18Covington started with a small community garden.19One mother sent three children to help him build a larger garden where the kids could grow food,stay busy during the summer and add structure to their lives.Little by little the seeds took root,as the hands on the garden that would evolve into a farm multiplied.20On one corner:a movie screen and a public garden with vegetable and flower beds.On another:a farm and a community center in a building.Nearby are garlic beds and a greenhouse.“It’s somewhat spiritual for me,”Covington says.“It’s like a sanctuary(圣殿).People come here and don’t want to leave.”A．But if he planted stuff,they might not.B．It’s a typical morning scene at the collective.C．He saw garbage piled high in vacant,abandoned lots.D．Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more.E．And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate.F．He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives.G．What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community.二、完形填空Whatever the patient’s age or disease,a hospital stay can be stressful,especially for kids.Efforts like Ella’s are a(an)21spot during a tough time.It began in2018,when Ella celebrated her birthday in a22way—a gift drive.Since then,it has23each year in early October,a few weeks before her birthday.Along with a(an)24to her party,Ella’s friends get a list of gift ideas for kids at the hospital.For the youngest25,gifts might include building blocks or stuffed toys.Then it’s time to share the gifts.“Seeing other people’s26—that’s all that matters to me,”Ella says.After the first round,the number of donations27every year.But she doesn’t keep an exact count.28,she judges by sight.“We measure how much of the carpet it covers in our living room,”Ella says.“Last year,it29the entire carpet.”Allison,working at Brigham Children’s Hospital,has seen firsthand the30 of Ella’s gift-giving.“She puts smile on the faces of these little patients in our hospital,”Allison says.“They are all amazed at her31at such a young age.”Ella’s32to help kids in the hospital have inspired others to33 in her footsteps.Friends have collected and34gifts for their birthdays too.“35to others is a good feeling to have at the end of the day,”Ella says.“I want to keep doing this as long as I can.”21．A．independent B．extra C．free D．bright 22．A．new B．private C．fancy D．natural 23．A．worked out B．kicked off C．given out D．thought up 24．A．letter B．recreation C．invitation D．cake 25．A．workers B．patients C．parents D．nurses 26．A．happiness B．recognition C．behavior D．admiration 27．A．changes B．grows C．declines D．maintains 28．A．Thus B．Somehow C．Sometimes D．Instead 29．A．reached B．included C．decorated D．covered 30．A．excitement B．effect C．inspiration D．feature 31．A．generosity B．exploration C．ambition D．progress 32．A．promises B．aims C．efforts D．proposals 33．A．follow B．engage C．track D．mix 34．A．received B．counted C．gathered D．donated 35．A．Responding B．Relating C．Giving D．Comparing三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。