答案3
人工智能课后习题第3章 参考答案
第3章确定性推理参考答案3.8 判断下列公式是否为可合一，若可合一，则求出其最一般合一。
(1) P(a, b), P(x, y)(2) P(f(x), b), P(y, z)(3) P(f(x), y), P(y, f(b))(4) P(f(y), y, x), P(x, f(a), f(b))(5) P(x, y), P(y, x)解：(1) 可合一，其最一般和一为：σ={a/x, b/y}。
(2) 可合一，其最一般和一为：σ={y/f(x), b/z}。
(3) 可合一，其最一般和一为：σ={ f(b)/y, b/x}。
(4) 不可合一。
(5) 可合一，其最一般和一为：σ={ y/x}。
3.11 把下列谓词公式化成子句集：(1)(∀x)(∀y)(P(x, y)∧Q(x, y))(2)(∀x)(∀y)(P(x, y)→Q(x, y))(3)(∀x)(∃y)(P(x, y)∨(Q(x, y)→R(x, y)))(4)(∀x) (∀y) (∃z)(P(x, y)→Q(x, y)∨R(x, z))解：(1) 由于(∀x)(∀y)(P(x, y)∧Q(x, y))已经是Skolem标准型，且P(x, y)∧Q(x, y)已经是合取范式，所以可直接消去全称量词、合取词，得{ P(x, y), Q(x, y)}再进行变元换名得子句集：S={ P(x, y), Q(u, v)}(2) 对谓词公式(∀x)(∀y)(P(x, y)→Q(x, y))，先消去连接词“→”得：(∀x)(∀y)(¬P(x, y)∨Q(x, y))此公式已为Skolem标准型。
再消去全称量词得子句集：S={¬P(x, y)∨Q(x, y)}(3) 对谓词公式(∀x)(∃y)(P(x, y)∨(Q(x, y)→R(x, y)))，先消去连接词“→”得：(∀x)(∃y)(P(x, y)∨(¬Q(x, y)∨R(x, y)))此公式已为前束范式。
美育题目及答案 (3)
全国2005年10月高等教育自学考试美育基础试题课程代码：00409一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.有文字记载的最早的美育思想，在中国可追溯到( )A.先秦时期B.两汉时期C.魏晋南北朝时期D.唐代2.为美育理论体系的形成奠定理论基础的是( )A.哲学理论B.艺术理论C.心理学理论D.美学和教育理论3.首次在我国提出“趣味教育”概念的是( )A.蔡元培B.鲁迅C.梁启超D.王国维4.美育是审美教育的简称。
它本质上是一种( )A.道德教育B.理想教育C.情感教育D.艺术教育5.在西方，“趣味”在美学家那里，主要指( )A.生理快感B.精神愉悦C.审美鉴赏力D.生命活力6.感性教育是审美教育的( )A.中介B.目的C.基础D.方法7.人格教育是审美教育的( )A.中介B.手段C.基础D.目的8.在道德伦理境界方面，人是( )A.求美B.求真C.求善D.求诚9.素淡的色彩使人( )A.温馨B.宁静C.柔和D.哀怨10.说“凡操千曲而后晓声，观千剑而后识器”的人是( )A.孟子B.刘勰C.荀子D.王夫之11.人与动物的根本区别，在于具有( )A.认知能力B.创造能力C.思维能力D.语言能力12.生产劳动的美是指( )A.生产劳动技巧的熟练B.生产劳动效率很高C.生产劳动的姿势优美D.劳动者按美的规律来创造美的产品13.诗性语主要指( )A.诗歌语言B.艺术语言C.音乐语言D.绘画语言14.现实美是指( )A.当代社会中的美B.现时代的美C.现实事物中存在的美D.有物质形体的美15.视觉艺术运用的审美媒介是( )A.线条、色彩、形状B.线条、色彩、图形C.形象、色彩、线条D.色彩、轮廓、意象16.社会美育的主要施教方式是( )A.自我教育B.别人对自己的教育C.自己对别人的教育D.成人对儿童的教育17. ( )曾指出：“凡是学校所有的课程，都没有与美育无关的。
新视野大学英语第三册答案（UNIT3）参考答案
Unit 3III1 cultivate2 comprehensive3 controversial4 suspend5 insulted6 preliminary7 conventional8 reform9 worthwhile 10 publicityIV1. His girlfriend’s father saw him as a man who could not make a living.2. The course was canceled over the students’ protest.3. The problem is so difficult that we cannot work it out without the help of our teacher.4. Children tend to do/try their utmost when they know their parents are making similar efforts.5. The new teaching program didn’t work well in the school at the outset.6. I was kind of excited when I received the letter that offered me an interview.7. The school is scheduled to open on September 1.8. They appeared to offer a free computer, complete with software and a printer.9. In spite of hardships, they made real efforts that have resulted in more progress than expected.10. Many people make things more difficult for themselves because they still operate on the principle that you should not ask for help, or you might seem weak.VF M K D CG L O I BVI1 cold2 competition3 debate4 desire5 fear6 heat7 interest8 love 9 pleasure 10 enthusiasmVII1 historic2 atomic3 optimistic4 energetic5 economic6 heroicVIII1. responsibility2. rapidity3. mobility4. curiosity5. publicity6. complexity IX1 In Britain, as in America, there is a great demand for educational reform.2. In Greece, as in Italy, people use a lot of olive oil in cooking.3. As in the Hyde School, values such as courage, integrity, leadership, curiosity and concern are the first, most important lesson in some public inner-city schools in Maryland.4. In China, as in Japan, a large number of middle school students take supplementary classes in order to get into a famous university.5. As in the middle of the 1950s, many young people went down to the countryside in the late 1960s and early 1970s.X1 Once you’ve practiced a bit, you’ll find that it’s quite easy.2. Once the meal was finished, the discussions began.3. Once you show any fear, he will attack you.4. Once parents make a commitment to the program, they will be daily role models for their children.5. Once customers come to rely on these systems, they almost never take their business elsewhere.XI1.In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2.Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strainit puts on them.3.In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from universityinstead of going to work directly.4.As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academicachievements are stressed equally.5.It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off tillnext month.6.The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensiveset of principles that can benefit all of them.XII1. 跟在法国一样，美国在20世纪60年代也发生过文化革命。
阅读教程3翻译答案
第1单元●Translation1 Today you will emerge from the nurturing confines of academia to face the real world.今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境,直面真实的世界。
2 Now that you’re leaving school, you can finally go about getting an education.你们即将离开学校,终于可以开始接受教育了。
3 Try finding a conservative professor—it’s easier to spot a yeti. Challenge the orthodox views of political correctness and you’ll get labeled some pretty nasty things.想找到一位保守的教授,那比要找到一个雪人还难。
若想挑战一些有关政治正确性的正统观点,那你将污名缠身。
4 If you don’t believe me, try asking the people who went broke chasing the theory that dotcoms were a certain path to riches. Reality intervened.如果你不相信我的话,那不妨去问一问那些因奉信网络公司是通往财富之路这5 Welcome, then, to the unsentimental world we all live in. It’s not so bad once you’ve left your pipe dreams at the door.因此,欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。
一旦你把那些白日梦拒之门外,你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。
第2单元●Translation1 Is love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experience is a matter of chance, something one “falls into” if one is lucky?爱是一种艺术吗?如果是,它就需要靠知识和努力来争取。
外研社英语专业听力教程第三册听力答案Unit 3
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Group of Eight
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G-8 summit Stand firm Global warming Missile defense Divided Discussed Seven Russia Plight
• • • • • • • • •
Top Agenda Controversies Opposition Climate treaty Develop a missile defense system Mandatory controls Emissions Carbon dioxide
Exercise C•源自• • • • • • • 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A
Section three NEWS Item1--NATO Expansion Exercise A
This news item is about the NATO eastward expansion and its military contribution.
Part 2 Passage--The Clyde River Exercise B Sentence Dictation
4. The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol. 5. When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland’s largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation and rough streets.
2000年考研英语试题及参考答案（3）
The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression." Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee." Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡhad weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-stvles." In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63.In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was_____ .［A］under aimless development［B］a positive example［C］a rival to the West［D］on the decline64.According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women's participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65.Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66.The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that____ .［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in the fact that_____ .［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition health, distinction, control over one's destiny must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, However, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on have give up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition-if not always their own the that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs. The locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is," Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where the are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67.It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if _____.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous68.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is____ .［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69.Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because____ .［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70.From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained_____ .［A］secretly and vigorously［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily［D］verbally and spirituallyPart Ⅳ English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly no ASWER SHEET2.(15points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71)Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72)Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, of in they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. 73)Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example.74)in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governmentsconcerned.75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.。
2023年6月英语四级真题及答案(第3套)
Part2023年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第3套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:Suppose your university is conducting a survey to collect students’opinions of online classes.You are to write a response to the survey about their advantages and disadvantages,and what improvements can be made.You will have30minutes for the task.You should write at least120words but no more than180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25minutes) 提示：2023年6月全国只考两套听力，故本套未重复显示。
Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Morocco is responding to increasing energy demands by setting up one of the largest solar plants in the world.The Noor solar power station is26 in the city of Ouarzazate and,once completed,will generate 580million watts of electricity.The World Bank estimates it will serve1.1million people.It’s27 to be completed soon.Morocco’s current energy comes28 from imports.The nation hopes to get50percent of its energy from renewable sources by2030.With demand for energy29 at an annual rate of7percent, the new solar plant could be a30 part of that goal.“This makes Morocco a big31 in the field of solar energy in the Arab region and the African continent.It could also be a forerunner for many other countries in the world that32 on foreign imports of energy,”said Ali Hajji,a solar energy specialist and engineering professor.Experts believe that the Middle East and North Africa have huge33 for solar energy projects. This is partly because of adequate sunlight and partly because technology has become more34 in the region.“The last few years have seen a realization of35 how competitive solar technologies can be,”said Michael Taylor,a senior analyst at the International Renewable Energy Agency.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.New Formula One Chief Hopes to Grab Americans’AttentionA.For the past four decades,the leader of Formula One car racing,one of the biggest annual sportingseries in the world,was Bernie Ecclestone,a former motorcycle parts dealer who built it into an international presence essentially on his own.B.A skilled backroom operator who speaks without a filter,Ecclestone said often that in his opinion,thesport was at its best when he was allowed to act as“a dictator.”C.Yet now the dictator is gone.After an American company,Liberty Media,acquired the Formula Onecompetition recently,Chase Carey—a former executive with Fox Broadcasting Company and DirecTV who by his own admission is not a fierce racing fan—was named to replace Ecclestone and to try to renovate the organization’s management,reach and ambition.D.Among the goals,Carey said in an interview on Tuesday,is one that just about every global sportseems interested in chasing:increasing interest in the United States.“People have said we’re going to ‘Americanize’it,”Carey said.“And we’re not going to do that totally.But realistically,there are some elements of Americanization that the sport could use.”E.While Formula One commands enormous audiences throughout much of the world,many Americansports fans know it as that other motorsport,the one that is not Nascar(纳斯卡车赛).Formula One teams race far more technologically advanced vehicles around tracks all over the world—in magnificent events in places like Malaysia,Monaco,Singapore and the United Arab Emirates,and on tradition-rich tracks like Silverstone in England and Monza in Italy too.F.The series has an annual race in Austin,Texas.But within“a few years,”Carey said,he plans to bringanother to a destination American city,like New York,Los Angeles,Miami or Las V egas.Carey’s ambitious plan is two-fold:first,change the business model of Formula One,which he said was a “one-man show”under Ecclestone that had a largely narrow vision when it came to negotiating partnership deals;and second,alter the way fans experience the sport,both in person and remotely,so that connections between the audience and people within the series are easier to make.G.Increased digital access for fans,a more behind-the-scenes experience for broadcast viewers andinnovation in areas like virtual reality—what is it like to speed around a track inside a Ferrari?—are among the possibilities.“The sport has clearly been underserved,”Carey said.“It doesn’t do anything digitally.There’s no marketing.It doesn’t tell any stories.The goal in this is to make the fans connect to the live experience as much as possible,and the tools you have to do that,we’re not using at all.”H.The larger question,though,is a familiar one:Is there room for Formula One in the ever-crowdedsports landscape of the United States?Opinions vary,particularly because viewing habits among consumers continue to evolve.John Bloom,a professor at Shippensburg University who has studied American sports history,said the biggest challenge for any sport trying to increase its presence in the United States was framing itself in a way that had lasting appeal.“Sports generally become popular in some way because they establish a narrative,”Bloom said.“When I think of motorsports in the U.S., what we all think of is Nascar,and the narrative of Nascar is sort of rural,white,working-class Americans,mostly in the South,connecting with the atmosphere of those races.That’s the narrative.When I think of the narrative of Formula One,it’s a very different kind of audience.”I.That difference,Carey said,is significant.While some might immediately link Formula One toNascar in terms of American growth,Carey said Formula One’s brand research had indicated there was very little crossover;rather,Formula One fans generally cite other so-called elite events,like Wimbledon or the Ryder Cup,as competitions they enjoy.“Other than they’re both cars,the Nascar fan base is a very different fan base,”Carey said.“It’s a very regional fan base.Formula One is a global,famous brand of stars.These are machines that shock and awe you.”J.Carey’s background is in deal making and innovation.At Fox Broadcasting Company,he was a top advisor for years,known for his skill in helping to lead the launch of company into sports,as well as the start of Fox News Channel.After going to DirecTV,he positioned the satellite provider as a mainstream option in millions of households.K.Now,after Liberty Media paid$4.4billion to acquire Formula One,he is charged with making the investment pay off.“I think they can build Formula One in the U.S.,”said Patrick Crakes,an executive at InVivo Media Group who spent25years at Fox Broadcasting Company before leaving in 2016as a senior manager at Fox Sports.“People don’t work on their cars anymore.They don’t want that connection anymore.It’s about technology and pushing the limits.It’s about speed,danger and risk.And Formula One has that more than any other racing series.”L.That is what hooked Carey,and he said he thought his experience was not unusual.He recalled attending Formula One’s Monaco race last year and being overwhelmed by the ceremony leading up to the event,the way the race charmed the city for days ahead of the start.In his mind it felt like a Super Bowl(超级碗橄榄球赛).M.Then,on race day,he watched as the cars rocketed out of a tunnel and went screaming toward a tight turn with the city’s harbor and the Mediterranean Sea in the background framing the scene.He was fascinated.“You can’t help but be awed,”he said,“and I think that feeling can be translated to the viewer.”N.He added:“The broader sport is a little too inward-looking,and we need to be more open.In some ways,I’m glad to be coming from the outside.The guys who are in the sport forever are sitting there saying:‘We can’t do that.We can’t do that because it’s never been done that way.’”36.Chase Carey believes greater use should be made of digital technology to make Formula One moreaccessible to its fans.37.Chase Carey was deeply impressed by the ceremony preceding last year’s Monaco race.38.One of Chase Carey’s goals is to make Formula One more appealing to Americans.39.A former motorbike parts dealer led Formula One for the past forty years.40.Chase Carey thought the audience of Formula One could be made to share his feeling about the race.41.Chase Carey used to serve as a top advisor for a major broadcasting company.42.Chase Carey intends to make connections easier between the audience and the Formula One racers.43.The new leader of Formula One admitted he was not super interested in car racing.44.People’s opinions differ as to whether Formula One can be promoted in the U.S.pared with other racing series,Formula One focuses more on speed and involves more danger. Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit.For more than a decade,they have been under attack from e-commerce giants,blamed for making Americans fat,and accused of contributing to climate change.Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing15,000to60,000different products.The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery,where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter,first came about in America.There is some debate about which was the very first,but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket,founded in New York in1930.For some300years,Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets.Shopping for food involved mud,noisy chickens,clouds of flies,nasty smells,bargaining,and getting short-changed.The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory,with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization,and reimagined it as a place to buy food.Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time.They were such strange marvels that,on her first official state visit to the United States in1957,Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu(即兴的) tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past90years.Most stores open with。
全新版大学英语综合教程3答案
全新版⼤学英语综合教程3答案全新版⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程3答案{速转，哈哈}Unit 1 Changesin the Way We LiveText AContentQuestions ( P10 )1. 1 Write and live on a farm.2. 2 Because they grow nearly all of their fruitsand vegetables. They have enough eggs,honey andwood. They are very close tonature and can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Besides, they can go skiing and skating in winter.3. 3 No. Sometimes the good life can get pretty tough.4. 4 They were buried under five feet of snow fromDecember through March.5. 5 When the first spring came, it brought twofloods. The second flood refers to thegood harvestin the growing season.6. 6 He decided to quit his job and start tofreelance.7. 7 He has to crawl into black bear dens for “SportsIllustrated”, hitch up dogsled racing teamsfor “Smithsonian” magazine, check out the LakeChamplain “monster” for “Science Digest”, and canoe through the Boundary WatersWilderness area of Minnesota for “Destinations”.8. 8 As for insurance, they have only bought a poorman’s major-medical policy and the policy ontheir two cars.9. 9 They cut back their expenses withoutappreciably lowering their standard of living. Forexample, they patronize local restaurants instead of more expensiveplaces in the city. They still attendthe opera and ballet but only a few times a year. They eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and seefewer movies.10. 10 A tolerance for solitude and lots of energy.11. 11 They will leave with a feeling of sorrow butalso with a sense of pride at what they havebeen able to accomplish.12. 12 They chose to live in the country because theywant to improve the quality of their lives.Yes, they have finally realized their dreams.TextOrganization ( P11 )Part One (paragraphs 1—3) The writer views his life in the country as aself-reliant and satisfyingone.Part Two (paragraphs 4—7 ) Life in the country is good yet sometimesvery hard.Part Three (paragraphs 8—11) After quitting his job, thewriter’s income was reduced, but he andhis family were able to manage to getby.Part Four (paragraphs 12—15 ) A tolerance for solitudeand a lot of energy have made it possiblefor the family to enjoy their life inthe country.Happy Moments and Events1) growing nearly all their fruitsand vegetables2) canoeing, picnicking, longbicycle rides, etc.3) keeping warm inside the housein winter4) writing freelance articles5) earning enough money whilemaintaining a happy family lifeHardships1) working hard both in winter andin summer2) harsh environment and weathercondition3) anxious moments after thewriter quit his job4) cutting back on daily expenses5) solitudeVocabulary1.Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. ( P15 )1) on balance 2) resist 3) haul 4)wicked5) illustrated 6)budget 7) lowering 8) boundary9) involved 10)economic 11) blasting 12)just about2.Now use the verb in brackets to form an appropriate phrasal verb you havelearned and complete the sentence with it. ( P16 )1) cut back / down 2）pick up3）get by 4) get through5）face up to 6）turn in7）making up for 8）think up3.Rewrite each sentence with the word or phrase in brackets, keeping the samemeaning. （P17 ）1) pursued his mathematicalstudies and taught himself astronomy.2) often generate misleadingthoughts.3) attach great importance tocombining theory with practice in our work.4) be suspected of doingeverything for money.5) before he gets through life./doc/af440b6e1ed9ad51f01df27e.html plete the sentences, using the words or phrases in brackets (P17 )1. their indoor a profit toinvest in2. device the improvement on a global scale3. stacked temptation never dined outConfusableUse ( P18 )1. house2. home3. home family4. household1. doubt2. suspected3. doubted4. suspected5. suspectWordFormation ( P19 )1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4)cash 5) hows and whys6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9)lower 10) searchCloze1.Text-related ( P20 )1) gets by 2) temptation 3) get through4) improvement 5) aside from 6) suspect7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking2.Theme-related ( P21 )1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit4) world 5) tough 6) fuels7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance10) idealTranslation1.Translate the sentences into English (P21 )1) We have a problem with thecomputer system, but I think it is fairly minor.2) My father died when I was tooyoung to live on my own. The people ofmy hometown tookover responsibility for my upbringing at that point.3) the toys have to meet strictsafety requirements before they can be sold to children.4) Radio and television havesupplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers ofnew and opinion.5) When it comes to this magazine,it is a digest of articles from many newspapers andmagazines around the world.2.Translate the passage into English ( P21)Adecade ago, Nancydid what so many Americans dream about. Shequit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for theimprovement in the quality of their lives.But,to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her dailyexpenses. Sometimes she did not evenhave the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance sheneeded.Fortunately,through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficulttime. She is determined to continuepursuing her vision of a better life.Text B1.Choose the best answer for each of the following. ( P27 )1—6. a c d b a cTranslateinto Chinese the underlined sentences in the essay ( P28 )1. 什么？你说那听起来不像你府上的⽣活？其实，不仅仅是你⼀个⼈这么想。
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一、单项选择题
1、中医学理论体系形成的时期是 （ ）
A、 先秦秦汉 B、 两晋隋唐 C、 宋金元 D、近代
2、金元四大家中“补土派”的代表人物是 （ ）
A、 刘完素 B、 张元素 C、 李杲 D、 朱震亨
3、言人体脏腑之阴阳，则肾为 （ ）
A、阴中之至阴 B、 阳中之阴 C、 阴中之阳 D、 阴中之阴
4、“孤阴不生，独阳不长”，说明了阴阳之间的哪种关系 （ ）
A．阴阳交感 B．对立制约 C．互根互用 D．消长平衡
5、自然界用来区分阴阳属性的最主要标志是 （ ）
A、内与外 B、 明与暗 C、上与下 D、水与火
6、按五行生克规律，心的所胜是 （ ）
A、 心 B、 肺 C、 肾 D、脾
7、称“罢极之本”的脏腑是 （ ）
A．心 B．脾 C．肝 D．肾
8、“朝百脉”是以下哪一个脏的生理功能？ （ ）
A、 肝 B、 心 C、 肺 D、脾
9、与津液代谢关系最为密切的是哪一组脏腑 （ ）
A．心肝肾 B．心脾肾 C．脾肝肾 D．脾肺肾
10、脾在液为 （ ）
A、汗 B、唾 C、涎 D、泪
11、称为生气之根的是 （ ）
A．心 B．肾 C．脾 D．肺
12、下列何项符合胃的生理特性 （ ）
A、 喜燥 B、 喜升 C、 喜润 D、 喜运
13、沿三焦下行于脐下以资先天元气的是 （ ）
A、 中气 B、 宗气 C、 营气 D、 卫气
14、脾的生理特性是 （ ）
A．喜条达 B．喜清肃 C．喜燥恶湿 D．喜润恶燥
15、常为外感致病之先导的邪气是 （ ）
A. 热邪 B. 风邪 C. 疠气 D. 寒邪
16、人体生长发育迟缓，责之于气的哪项功能减退 （ ）
A．凉润 B．中介 C．推动 D．防御
17、风寒湿三气杂至可致“痹证”，其中“着痹”的特点是 （ ）
A、痛无定处 B、冷痛剧烈 C、红肿热痛 D、重着疼痛
18、七情内伤易影响脏腑气机，其中喜则 （ ）
A、气陷 B、气下 C、气消 D、气缓
19、其性升散，易伤津耗气，多兼“湿邪”的致病邪气是 （ ）
A、风邪 B、暑邪 C、热邪 D、寒邪
20、一般认为以下哪项不会导致出血 （ ）
A、 血瘀 B、肝不藏血 C、 气虚 D、 血寒
21、临床上治疗血瘀证配合补气药的理论基础是 （ ）
A、气能行血 B、气能生血 C、 气能摄血 D、血为气母
22、元气流行全身是通过什么完成的 （ ）
A、脾 B、肺 C、肾 D、三焦
23、“气逆”常见哪组脏腑 ( )
A、肺胃肝 B、肺胃肾 C、肺脾肾 D、肝胃肾
24、“易伤肺”而出现干咳少痰是下列哪一种外感邪气的致病特点 ( )
A、寒邪 B、风邪 C、燥邪 D、暑邪
25、“百病多由痰作祟”是指痰饮致病的何项特点 （ ）
A、阻滞气血运行 B、阻滞脏腑功能 C、易于蒙蔽神明 D、致病广泛，变幻多端
26、导致发病的内在因素主要是 （ ）
A、正气不足 B、邪气 C、七情内伤 D、饮食不节
27、下列属于“用热远热”治法的是 （ ）
A、阴盛慎用寒药 B、阳虚慎用寒药 C、冬季慎用热药 D、夏季慎用热药
28、“益火之源， 以消阴翳”的治法适用于 （ ）
A、实热证 B、实寒证 C、虚热证 D、虚寒证
29、根据不同的气候时令特点，来制定适宜的治疗原则，称为 （ ）
A、因地治宜 B、因人治宜 C、因时治宜 D、三因治宜
30、“大实有羸状”是指 （ ）
A.阳盛阴虚 B.阴盛阳虚 C. 真虚假实 D.真实假虚
二、多项选择题
1、根据五行相生规律确定的治疗方法有 （ ）
A、滋水涵木法 B、益火补土法 C、培土制水法 D、金水相生法 E、佐金平木法
2、肝藏血功能主要生理意义 （ ）
A、涵养肝气 B、调节血量 C、防止出血 D、濡养肝及筋目 E、为经血之源
3、五脏的生理功能与特点是 （ ）
A、化生和贮藏精气 B、藏而不泻 C、泻而不藏 D、满而不实 E、实而不满
4、下列脏腑生理功能中，具有推动血行作用的是 （ ）
A、心主血脉 B. 肝主疏泄 C. 肾主气化 D. 肺朝百脉 E. 脾主统血
5、气机失调的表现有 （ ）
A．气滞 B．气逆 C．气陷 D．气闭 E．气脱
6、下列哪些属于中医学“病”的范畴 （ ）
A. 消渴 B. 肝阳上亢 C. 感冒 D. 中风 E. 心脉痹阻
7、湿邪的性质和致病特征是 （ ）
A、为百病之长 B、易耗气伤津C、湿性黏滞 D、湿性重浊 E、为阴邪，易阻遏气机
8、瘀血病证临床的共同表现有 ( )
A、刺痛 B、胀痛 C、出血 D、肿块 E、紫绀
9、下列何项属塞因塞用 ( )
A、血虚经闭 B、食积泄泻 C、五更泄泻 D、湿热淋证 E、脾虚腹胀
10、血液的化生之源包括 （ ）
A. 营气 B. 卫气 C. 津液 D. 肾精 E. 神
三、填空题
1、中医学理论体系的主要特点是（ ）和（ ）。
2、根据五行相生关系确定的治则是（ ）和（ ）。
3、大肠的主要生理功能是（ ）、（ ）。
4、血的运行失常出现的病理变化主要有（ ）、（ ）。
5、“治未病”包括（ ）、（ ）。
四、名词术语解释
1、同病异治
2、五行相乘
3、藏象
4、经络
5、痰饮
五、问答题
1、简答五行各自的特性分别是什么？
2、简述宗气的概念、分布及其生理功能。
3、简述肝主疏泄的含义及其主要体现在哪些方面。
4、简述风邪的性质和致病特征。
参考答案
四、名词术语解释
1．同病异治：是指同一种病，由于发病的时间、地域不同，或所处的疾病的阶段或类型不同，
或病人的体质有异，故反映出的证候不同，因而治疗也就有异。
2．五行相乘：是指五行中一行对所胜一行的过度克制与制约，又称倍克
3．藏象：是指藏于体内的内脏及其表现于外的生理、病理征象及与自然界相通应的事物和现
象。
4、经络：经络是经脉和络脉的总称，是运行全身气血，联系脏腑形体官窍，沟通上下内外，
感应传导信息的通路系统，是人体结构的重要组成部分。
5．痰饮：痰饮是人体水液代谢障碍所形成的病理产物。一般以稠浊的称为痰，清稀的称为饮。
五、问答题
1、五行各自的特性：
木曰曲直，火曰炎上，土爰稼穑，金曰从革，水曰润下。
2、简述宗气的概念、分布其生理功能。
答：（1）宗气是由谷气与自然界清气相结合而积聚于胸中的气。
（2）宗气的分布：上出息道、灌注心脉及沿三焦下行的方式布散全身。
（3）宗气的生理功能主要有：行呼吸、行血气和资先天三个方面。
3、肝主疏泄功能主要体现在哪些方面？
答：肝主疏泄，是指肝气具有疏通、畅达全身气机，进而促进精血津液的运行输布、脾胃之
气的升降、胆汁的分泌以及情志的舒畅作用。主要表现在
（1） 促进精、血液与津液的运行分布
（2） 促进脾胃的运化功能和胆汁分泌排泄
（3） 调畅情志
（4） 促进男子排精与女子排卵、行经
4、简述风邪的性质和致病特征。
答：具有善动不居、轻扬开泄等特性的外邪
（1）风为阳邪，轻扬开泄，易袭阳位；
（2）风性善行而数变；
（3）风性主动；
（4）风为百病之长。