2013年12月四六级考前写作练习题与参考范文
2013年12月英语四级作文题及范文
2013年12月英语四级作文题及范文English:In December 2013, the English CET-4 essay topic was "The Importance of Reading." Here is a sample essay:Reading is an indispensable part of our life. As the saying goes, “Books are the ladder of human progress.” It is through reading that we accumulate knowledge, broaden our horizons, and cultivate our thinking ability. First and foremost, reading equips us with knowledge. Books are reservoirs of human wisdom, and by reading, we can learn about history, acquire new skills, and gain insights into various subjects. Moreover, reading broadens our horizons. Through reading, we can travel to different times and places, experiencing different cultures and lifestyles without leaving our home. This not only enriches our inner world but also fosters empathy and understanding towards others. Additionally, reading enhances our thinking ability. It stimulates our imagination, improves our analytical skills, and encourages critical thinking. As we delve into a book, we are prompted to think, to question, and to form our own opinions,which is essential for personal growth and intellectual development.In conclusion, reading plays a vital role in our personal and intellectual development. It enriches our knowledge, broadens our horizons, and enhances our thinking ability, making us better equipped to face the challenges of the modern world.中文翻译:阅读是我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。
2013年12月四级考试真题作文范文
1 The Importance of Learning Basic Skills范文1What we can see from the cartoon is that the teacher is instructing the students some basic mathematic skills. However, some students are wondering that if it will be outdated in the future. The picture implicitly raises the question of the importance of the fundamental skills students learn in our classes.It is worth mentioning that those seemingly basic and elementary skills we learned in school actually play a significantly indispensable role in our future works. The pervasive undervaluation on elementary skills that we find among current students and even some teachers can largely be attributed to their lack of vision of future and thorough understanding on the knowledge. After all, it’s an obvious truth that we could not build a magnificent mansion without solid foundations; we could not enjoy a long travel unless we make a solid start at first. Those basic skills may look simple to learn, but without them it will not be simple at all to achieve further goals.To sum up, we should think highly of the importance of basic and fundamental skills that guarantee our wonderful and brilliant future. Furthermore, we should make full use of those elementary skills, consciously applying them in our works and life. Basic skill will never be outdated.范文2As is vividly shown in the picture that the students doubt whether they have learnt now is still useful in the future while the teacher is demonstrating them the multiplication table. Will the knowledge really be outdated one day? Of course not. The picture implicitly raises the significance of basic skills. The basic knowledge is to us what the premise to the building of the house. Rare are the occasions when a person wins great achievements without a solid fundamental skill.开头2As is vividly depicted in the cartoon (given above), there are many students sitting in a classroom. When listening to the teacher, one of the students just interrupts the teacher and says，“ No offense, but by the time we’re in the job market, won’t th at stuff be outdated?” Having heard this question, the teacher stops demonstrating the multiplication table and seems to be quite shocked and embarrassed.开头3As is shown in this cartoon, a teacher is teaching her students to deal with arithmetic (算数) questions, but some of them think that learning these basic skills is useless. They argue that by the time they are in the job market, these skills will be outdated. As to whether it is worthwhile to learn basic skills, people hold different views.中间段1)The cartoon informs us of the phenomenon that quite a few students undervalue the importance of learning basic skills these days.2）The purpose of this picture is to show us that due (great) attention has to be paid to the learning of basic skills.3）It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message that…Confronted with fiercer competition from society and employment market, students are more focused on practical skills which can be applied in daily work immediately.However, no one can disclaim the importance of learning basic skills. It enables us to lay a strong foundation for further learning and exploration.As far as I am concerned, we are definitely supposed to pay due attention to learning basic skills. There are two reasons accounting for it. First, they are the key to further education. The better you master them, the easier you take in other knowledge. Second，basic skills are essential in our daily life as they make it possible for us to calculate the household expenses.2 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. “Once I learn how to use Google,isn’t that all the education I really need?”范文1In the age of knowledge explosion, the Internet sets a magical platform for learners to get access to seemingly incessant information. But is information equal to knowledge? “Once I learn how to use Google, isn't that all the education I really need?” This question fully embodies the prejudiced opinion that as long as people acquire abundant information, they will get proper education.The reason why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information is that education is not limited to the hard facts or theories students can learn from their textbooks or the Internet. It relates to a wider scope ranging from the obtainment ofpractical skills to the development of characters, which are hard for students to learn simply by googling. Consequently, comprehensive learning in schools that includes learning knowledge, conducting experiments and communicating with peers is what true education is.In conclusion, the Internet does provide valuable information for learners, but people should be fully conscious of the essence of education and learn to tell the right from the wrong.开头2This picture can be naturally associated with the impact of Internet on learning: the young guy expresses his understanding/ conception / perception of education, “Once I learn how to use Google, isn’t that all the education I really need?”Obviously, in the youngster’s eyes, education equals getting information.结论段范文As a college student, I am convinced that education means not only obtaining information, but also acquiring other important qualities, like scientific methods, optimistic attitudes for life, a strong will and so on. Accordingly, teachers should educate, advocate and encourage their students to cultivate comprehensive quality.范文2From the cartoon given above, we can observe that there is a student and a teacher standing in a classroom. When given a quiz by his teacher, the little boy says, with cell phone in his hand that, "once I learn how to use Google, isn't that all the education I really need?" Having heard her student's question, the teacher seems to be quite embarrassed and shocked.We can learn from the cartoon that the Internet has exerted a great influence on people's education. One of the most obvious influences is that we can acquire relevant knowledge and information rapidly and precisely via search engines, professional websites and online education. The internet has been served as a big school, a huge library and an informative book. However, education does not simply mean learning to obtain information. Studying in school, daily communication with people around us, social activities and fulfilling a task or a project can also be effective and indispensable forms. They enable us to enrich our knowledge, broaden our horizons, cultivate skills in communication and practice or even refine our character. All of these can not be achieved by the Internet education alone.The Internet has exerted a great impact on many aspects of people' life (of course including education). However, when enjoying the fruits of it, we should not overlook those traditional, essential and prevailing forms of education.5Literature is acknowledged as the most precious product of human civilization and wisdom, so teachers always ask their students to read as many as literary works. Just as the drawing shown above, a teacher gives a literary work to her student, saying: “Just think of it as if you’re reading a long text-message.”It is of great significance for us to appreciate literature due to the following reasons. Firstly, a good literary work can get you to know a life experience through the eyes of the author other than yourself. The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. Secondly, reading literature allows you to learn about the history in a personalized way. The stories told in the works can act as mirrors and help you adjust your own behaviors. Lastly, reading literary works is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the literature are helpful for one’s mental health.In short, literature is indispensable in our life. We, students, should catch our time to read more literatures.。
2013年12月英语四级作文真题及范文
2013年12月英语四级作文真题及范文As the drawing presents, there is a man walking across the street absorbedly focusing on his cell phone without noticing the surroundings. This sort of phenomenon is not uncommon and rare in some metropolis, especially among the youngsters.What the picture illustrates is the prevailing situation that has long existed in today's China. That is the mobile phone obsession. With the advent of information age, people are becoming increasingly fascinated on the electronic products, especially the cell phones. Not surprisingly, you could easily notice that most of us are obsessed in sending messages, playing online games with their mobile phones. It cannot be denied that this phenomenon may negatively impact the relationship among people, and therefore they will become estranged and isolated.Personally, in view of the overuse of mobile phones, I hold that we individuals should raise the necessary awareness that good relationship are reinforced by sincere and face-to-face communication.•作文预测：•作文模板：• CET4考试：•成绩查询：• CET4真题：• CET4答案：。
2013年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)
2013年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套)PartⅠWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why education doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
PartⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decidewhich is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
大学英语六级真题2013年12月-（3）附参考答案
大学英语六级真题2013年12月-（3）附参考答案大学英语六级真题2013年12月-(3)Part ⅠWriting1、 Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark "The greatest use of life is to spend it for something that will outlast it." You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 150 words but no more that 200 words.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question their will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.2、 A. Dr. Smith's waiting room isn't tidy.B. Dr. Smith enjoys reading magazines.C. Dr. Smith has left a good impression on her.D. Dr. Smith may not be a good choice.3、 A. The man will rent the apartment when it is available.B. The man made a bargain with the landlady over the rent.C. The man insists on having a look at the apartment first.D. The man is not fully satisfied with the apartment.4、 A. Packing up to go abroad.B. Brushing up on her English.C. Drawing up a plan for her English course.D. Applying for a visa to the United States.5、 A. He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.B. He doesn't think high blood pressure is a problem for him.C. He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.D. He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.6、 A. To investigate the causes of AIDS.B. To raise money for AIDS patients.C. To rally support for AIDS victims in Africa.D. To draw attention to the spread of AIDS in Asia.7、 A. It has a very long history.B. It is a private institution.C. It was founded by Thomas Jefferson.D. It stresses the comprehensive study of nature.8、 A. They can't fit into the machine.B. They have not been delivered yet.C. They were sent to the wrong address.D. They were found to be of the wrong type.9、 A. The food served in the cafeteria usually lacks variety.B. The cafeteria sometimes provides rare food for the students.C. The students find the service in the cafeteria satisfactory.D. The cafeteria fries hard to cater to the students' needs.10、 A. He picked up some apples in his yard.B. tie cut some branches off the apple tree.C. He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence.D. He cleaned up all the garbage in the woman's yard.11、 A. Trim the apple trees in her yard.B. Pick up the apples that fell in her yard.C. Take the garbage to the curb for her.D. Remove the branches from her yard.12、 A. File a lawsuit against the man.B. Ask the man for compensation.C. Have the man's apple tree cut down.D. Throw garbage into the man's yard.13、 A. He was ready to make a concession.B. He was not prepared to go to court.C. He was not intimidated.D. He was a bit concerned.14、 A. Bad weather.B. Human error.C. Breakdown of the engines.D. Failure of the communications system.15、 A. Two thousand feet.B. Twelve thousand feet.C. Twenty thousand feet.D. Twenty-two thousand feet.16、 A. Accurate communication is of utmost importance.B. Pilots should be able to speak several foreign languages.C. Air controllers should keep a close watch on the weather.D. Cooperation between pilots and air controllers is essential.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One17、 A. His father caught a serious disease.B. His mother pressed away.C. His mother left: him to marry a rich businessman.D. His father took to drinking.18、 A. He disliked being disciplined.B. He was expelled by the university.C. He couldn't pay his gambling debts.D. He enjoyed working for a magazine.19、 A. His poems are heavily influenced by French writers.B. His stories are mainly set in the State of Virginia.C. His work is difficult to read.D. His language is not refined.20、 A. He grieved to death over the loss of his wife.B. He committed suicide for unknown reasons.C. He was shot dead at the age of 40.D. He died of heavy drinking.Passage Two21、 A. Women.B. Prisoners.C. Manual workers.D. School age children.22、 A. He taught his students how to pronounce the letters first.B. He matched the letters with the sounds familiar to the learners.C. He showed the learners how to combine the letters into simple words.D. He divided the letters into groups according to the way they are written.23、 A. It can help people to become literate within a shorttime.B. It was originally designed for teaching the English language.C. It enables the learners to master a language within three months.D. It is effective in teaching any alphabetical language to Brazilians.Passage Three24、 A. The crop's blooming period is delayed.B. The roots of crops are cut off.C. The topsoil is seriously damaged.D. The growth of weeds is accelerated.25、 A. It's a new way of applying chemical fertilizer.B. It's an improved method of harvesting crops.C. It's a creative technique for saving labor.D. It's a fanning process limiting the use of ploughs.26、 A. In areas with few weeds and unwanted plants.B. In areas with a severe shortage of water.C. In areas lacking in chemical fertilizer.D. In areas dependent on imported food.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Adults are getting smarter about how smart babies are. Not long ago, researchers learned that 4-day-old could understand 27 and subtraction. Now, British research psychologist Graham Schaferhas discovered that infants can learn words for uncommon things long before they can speak. He faired that 9-month-old infants could be taught, through repeated show-and-tell, to 28 the names of objects that were foreign to them, a result that 29 in some ways the received wisdom that, apart from learning to 30 things common to their daily lives, children don't begin to build vocabulary until well into their second year. "It's no 31 that children learn words, but the words they tend to know are words linked to 32 situations in the home," explains Schafer. "This is the Fast demonstration that we can choose what words the children will learn and that they can respond to them with an unfamiliar voice 33 in an unfamiliar setting. "Figuring out how humans acquire language may 34 why some children learn to read and write later than others, Schafer says, and could lead to better treatments for developmental problems. What's more, the study of language 35 offers direct insight into how humans learn. "Language is a test case for human cognitive development," says Schafer. But parents eager to teach their infants should take note: even without being taught new words, a control group 36 the other infants within a few months. "This is not about advancing development," he says. "It's just about what children can do at an earlier age than what educators have often thought. "Part ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of" the words in the bank more than once.Cell phones provide instant access to people. They are creating a major 37 in the social experiences of both children and adolescents. In one recent U. S. survey, about haft the teens polled said that their cell phone had 38 their communication with friends. Almost all said that, their cell phone was the way they stayed in touch with peers, one-third had used the cell phone to help a peer in need, and about 80% said the phone made them feel safer. Teenagers in Australia, 39 said that their mobile phones provided numerous benefits and were an 40 part of their lives: some were so 41 to their phones that the researchers considered it an addiction. In Japan, too, researchers are concerned about cell phone addiction. Researchers in one study in Tokyo found that more than half of junior high school students used their phones to exchange e-mails with schoolmates more than l0 times a day.Cell phones 42 social connections with peers across time and space. They allow young people to exchange moment-by-moment experiences in their daily lives with special partners and thus to have a more 43 sense of connection with friends. Cell phones also can 44 social tolerance because they reduce children's interactions with others who are different from them. In addition to connecting peers, cell phones connect children and parents. Researchers studying teenagers in Israel concluded that, in that 45 environment, mobile phones were regarded as "security objects" in parent-teen relationships - important because they provided the possibility of 46 and communication at all times.A. affiliatedB. attachedC. contactD. contendE. continuousF. diminishG. enduranceH. fosterI. hazardousJ. improvedK. instant ruinousL. intrinsicM. relativelyN. shiftO. similarlySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Waste Not, Want NotFeeding the 9 Billion: The Tragedy of WasteA. By 2075, the United Nations' mid-range projection for global population is about 9.5 billion. This means that there could be an extra three billion mouths to feed by the end of the century, a period in which substantial changes are anticipated in the wealth, calorie intake and dietary preferences of people indeveloping countries across the world. Such a projection presents mankind with wide-ranging social, economic, environmental and political issues that need to be addressed today to ensure a sustainable future for all. One key issue is how to produce more food in a world of finite resources,B. Today, we produce about four billion metric tonnes of food per year. Yet due to poor practices in harvesting, storage and transportation, as well asmarket and consumer wastage, it is estimated that 30-50% of all food produced never reaches a human stomach. Furthermore, this figure does not reflect the fact that large amounts of land, energy, fertilisers and water have also been lost in the production of foodstuffs which simply end up as waste. This level of wastage is a tragedy that cannot continue if we are to succeed in the challenge of sustainably meeting our future food demands.Where Food Waste HappensC. In 2010, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers identified three principal emerging population groups across the world, based on characteristics associated with their current and projected stage of economic development.· Fully developed, mature, post-industrial societies, such as those in Europe, characterised by stable or declining populations which are increasing in age.· Late-stage developing nations that are currently industrialising rapidly, for example China, which will experience declining rates of population growth, coupled with increasing affluence (富裕) and age profile. · Newly developing countries that are beginning to industrialise, primarily in Africa, with high to very high population growth rates, and characterised by apredominantly young age profile.D. Each group over the coming decades will need to address different issues surrounding food production, storage and transportation, as well as consumer expectations, if we are to continue to feed all ore people.E. In less-developed countries, such as those of sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia, wastage tends to occur primarily at the farmer-producer end of the supply chain. Inefficient harvesting, inadequate local transportation and poor infrastructure (基础设施) mean that produce is frequently handled inappropriately and stored under unsuitable farm site conditions.F. In mature, fully developed countries such as the UK, more-efficient fanning practices and better transport, storage and processing facilities ensure that a larger proportion of the food produced reaches markets and consumers. However, characteristics associated with modem consumer culture mean produce is often wasted through retail and customer behaviour.G. Major supermarkets, in meeting consumer expectations, will often reject entire crops of perfectly edible fruit and vegetables at the farm because they do not meet exacting marketing standards for their physical characteristics, such as size and appearance.[H] Of the produce that does appear in the supermarket, commonly used sales promotions frequently encourage customers to purchase excessive quantities which, in the case of perishable foodstuffs, inevitably generate wastage in the home. Overall between 30% and 50% of what has been bought in developed countries is thrown away by the purchaser.Better Use of Our Finite Resources[I] Wasting food means losing n9t only life-supportingnutrition but also precious resources, including land, water and energy. As a global society, therefore, tackling food waste will help contribute towards addressing a number of key resource issues.[J] Land Usage: Over the last five decades, improved farming techniques and technologies have helped to significantly increase crop yields along with a 12% expansion of farmed land use. However, a further increase in farming area without impacting unfavourably on what remains of the world's natural ecosystems appears unlikely. The challenge is that an increase in animal-based production will require more land and resources, as livestock (牲畜) farming demands extensive land use.[K] Water Usage: Over the past century, human use of fresh water has increased at more than double the rate of population growth. Currently about 3.8 trillion m3 of water is used by humans per year. About 70% of this is consumed by the global agriculture sector, and the level of use will continue to rise over the coming decades.[L] Better irrigation can dramatically improve crop yield and about 40% of the world's food supply is currently derived from irrigated land. However,water used in irrigation is often sourced unsustainably. In processing foods after the agricultural stage, there are large additional uses of water that need to be tackled in a world of growing demand. This is particularly crucial in the case of meat production, where beef uses about 50 times more water than vegetables. In the future, more effective washing techniques, management procedures, and recycling and purification of water will be needed to reduce wastage.[M] Energy Usage: Energy is an essential resource across theentire food production cycle, with estimates showing an average of 7-10 calories of input being required in the production of one calorie of food. This varies dramatically depending on crop, from three calories for plant crops to 35 calories in the production of beef. Since much of this energy comes from the utilisation of fossil fuels, wastage of food potentially contributes to unnecessary global warming as well as inefficient resource utilisation. [N] In the modem industrialised agricultural process - which developing nations are moving towards in order to increase future yields - energy usage in the making and application of fertilizers and pesticides represents the single biggest component. Wheat production takes 50% of its energy input for these two items alone. Indeed, on a global scale, fertiliser manufacturing consumes about 3-5% of the world's annual natural gas supply. With production anticipated to increase by 25% between now and 2030, sustainable energy sourcing will become an increasingly major issue. Energy to power machinery, both on the farm and in the storage and processing facilities, adds to the energy total, which currently represents about 3.1% of annual global energy consumption.Recommendations[O] Rising population combined with improved nutrition standards and shifting dietary preferences will exert pressure for increases in global food supply. Engineers, scientists and agriculturalists have the knowledge, tools and systems that will assist in achieving productivity increases. However, pressure will grow on finite resources of land, energy and water. The potential to provide 60-100% more food by simply eliminating losses, while simultaneously freeing up land, energy and water resources for other uses, is an opportunity that should not be ignored. Inorder to begin tackling the challenge, the Institution recommends that:· The UN Food and Agriculture Organisation work with the international engineering community to ensure governments of developed nations put in place programmes that transfer engineering knowledge, design know-how, and suitable technology to newly developing countries. This will help improve produce handling in the harvest, and immediate post-harvest stages of food production. · Governments of rapidly developing countries incorporate waste minimisation thinking into the transport infrastructure and storage facilities currently being planned, engineered and built.· Governments in developed nations devise and implement policy that changes consumer expectations. These should discourage retailers from wasteful practices that lead to the rejection of food on the basis of cosmetic characteristics, and losses in the home due to excessive purchasing by consumers.47、 Elimination of waste alone can potentially provide over sixty percent more food for the growing world population.48、The production and application of fertilisers and pesticides account for the largest part of energy use in the modem industrialised agricultural process.49、 Consumers in developed countries throw away nearly half of their food purchases because they tend to buy in excessive quantities.50、It is recommended that engineering knowledge and suitable technology in developed countries be introduced to developing countries to improve produce handling in the harvest.51、The predicted global population growth means that ways have to be found to produce more food with finiteresources.52、 A further expansion of farming area will adversely impact on the world's natural ecosystems.53、 Perfectly eatable fruit and vegetable crops often fail to reach supermarkets due to their size or physical appearance.54、 Poor practices in harvesting, storage and transportation have resulted in a waste of much of the food we produce and thus a waste of land and resources.55、 Food waste in less-developed countries happens mainly at the producers' end.56、Beef consumes far more water to produce than vegetables.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneCall it the "learning paradox" : the more you struggle and even fail while you're trying to learn new information, the better you're likely to recall and apply that information later.The learning paradox is at the heart of "productive failure," a phenomenon identified by researcher Manu Kapur. Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers when introducing students to new knowledge - providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students show that they can do it on their own - makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning. Rather, it's better to let the learners wrestle (较劲) with the material on their own for a while,refraining from giving them any assistance at the start. In a paper published recently, Kapur applied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools.With one group of students, the teacher provided strong"scaffolding" - instructional support - and feedback. With the teacher's help, these pupils were able to find the answers to their set of problems. Meanwhile, a second group was directed to solve the same problems by collaborating with one another, without any prompts from their instructor. These students weren't able to complete the problems correctly. But in the course of trying to do so, they generated a lot of ideas about the nature of the problems and about what potential solutions would look like. And when the two groups were tested on what they'd learned, the second group"significantly outperformed" the first.The apparent struggles of the floundering (挣扎的) group have what Kapur calls a "hidden efficacy" : they lead people to understand the deep structure of problems, not simply their correct solutions. When these students encounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they're able to transfer the knowledge they've gathered more effectively than those who were the passive recipients of someone else's expertise.In the real world, problems rarely come neatly packaged, so being able to discern their deep structure is key. But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter how often Silicon Valley entrepreneurs praise the beneficial effects of an idea that fails or a start-up company that crashes and burns. So we need to " design for productive failure" by building it into the learning process. Kapur has identified three conditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle. First, choose problems to work on that"challenge but do not frustrate. " Second, provide learners with opportunities to explain and elaborate on what they're doing. Third, give learners the chance to compare and contrast good and bad solutions to the problems. And to those students who protest this tough-love teaching style: you'll thank me later.57、 Why does the author call the learning process a paradox?A. Pains do not necessarily lead to gains.B. What is learned is rarely applicable in life.C. Failure more often than not breeds success.D. The more is taught, the less is learnt.58、 What does Kapur disapprove of in teaching?A. Asking students to find and solve problems on their own.B. Developing students' ability to apply what they learn.C. Giving students detailed guidance and instruction.D. Allowing students a free hand in problem solving.59、What do people tend to think of providing strong "scaffolding" in teaching?A. It will make teaching easier.B. It is a sensible way of teaching.C. It can motivate average students.D. It will enhance students' confidence.60、 What kind of problem should be given to students to solve according to Kapur?A. It should be able to encourage collaborative learning.B. It should be easy enough so as not to frustrate students.C. It should be solvable by average students with ease.D. It should be difficult enough but still within their reach.61、What can be expected of "this tough-love teaching style" ( Line 8, Para. 5)?A. Students will be grateful in the 10ng run.B. Teachers will meet with a lot of resistance.C. Parents will think it too harsh on their kids.D. It may not be able to yield the desired results.Passage TwoVernon Bowman, a 75-year-old farmer from rural Indiana, did something that got him sued. He planted soybeans (大豆) sold as cattle feed. But Monsanto, the agricultural giant, insists it has a patent on the kind of genetically modified seeds Bowman used - and that the patent continues to all of the progeny (后代) of those seeds.Have we really gotten to the point that planting a seed can lead to a high-stakes Supreme Court patent lawsuit? We have, and that case is Bowman vs. Monsanto, which is being argued on Tuesday. Mousanto's critics have attacked the company for its "merciless legal battles against small farmers," and they are hoping this will be the case that puts it in its place. They are also hoping the court's ruling will rein in patent law, which is increasingly being used to claim new life forms as private property. Monsanto and its supporters, not surprisingly, see the case very differently. They argue that when a company like Monsanto goes to great expense to create a valuable new genetically modified seed, it must be able to protect its property interests. If farmers like Bowman are able to use these seeds without paying the designated fee, it will remove the incentives for companies like Monsanto to innovate.Monsanto accused Bowman of patent infringement and won an $ 84,456 damage award. Rather than pay up or work out a settlement, Bowman decided to appeal - all the way to the Supreme Court. He said "Monsanto should not be able, just because they've got billions of dollars to spend on legal fees, totry to terrify farmers into obeying their agreements by massive force and threats. "The central issue in the case is whether patent rights to living things extend to the progeny of those things. Monsanto argues that its patents extend to later generations. But Bowman's supporters argue that Monsanto is trying to expand the scope of patents in ways that would enrich big corporations and hurt small farmers. They say that ff Monsanto wins, the impact will extend far beyond agriculture - locking up property rights in an array of importantareas. Knowledge Ecology International contends that the Supreme Court's ruling could have "profound effects" on other biotech industries. If this were a Hollywood movie, the courageous old Indiana farmer would beat the profit-minded corporation before the credits rolled. But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earned reputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations. This case gives the court an opportunity to rein in the growing use of patents to protect genetically engineered crops and other life forms - but the court may well use it to give this trend a powerful new endorsement.62、 Why did Vernon Bowman get sued?A. He used genetically modified seeds to feed his cattle.B. He planted soybeans without paying for the patent.C. He made a profit out of Monsanto's commercial secrets.D. He obtained Monsanto's patented seeds by illegal means.63、 What are Monsanto's critics hoping the Supreme Court will do?A. Allow small farmers to grow genetically modified soybeans.。
考试吧：2013年12月英语四级《作文》范文(最全版)
英语四级《作文》范文(最全版)【范文一】The modern technology has greatly altered the mode of communication among people. With the help of the Internet, people can easily contact each other anytime anywhere. However, the side effect is that many people have become over-dependent on the Internet and neglected face-to-face communication.As far as I'm concerned, electronic communication cannot fully replace the direct contact among people. Although it seems to bring everyone together, it actually estranges people and decreases the effectiveness of communication. A typical example is that, traditionally, people working in the same office simply walk to others and talk. Today, however, co-workers tend to send e-mails or instant messages through the Internet even when they are sitting next to each other. As words can never convey the full message, it usually takes much more time and rounds of conversation than face-to-face communication, in which people can discuss more directly with less loss of information.To conclude, the Internet enables more effectivecommunication in some situations, but over-dependence on it actually pulls people apart.【范文二】Internet does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people’s living and thinking. As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there are two parents sitting in the front of computer，who are chatting with their child on the internet. What a meaningful picture!From my perspective, the electronic contact cannot replace face to face communication owing to the following factors. To begin with, over-reliance on electronic contact will damage the interpersonal relationship, for the cold machine never replaces a warm-hearted greeting face to face. For example, the aged parents would like their only son who works far away home to come back home more often rather than to talk with him on the internet occasionally. What’s more, face to face communication is preferable because it is beneficial to build a harmonious society, for it attaches more importance on human affection and feelings instead of convenience and speed.Hence, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way. After all, Internet is invented to connect you and me, andto bring conveniences to our life rather than set a barrier to keep people beyond reach. If we want to keep our interpersonal relationship more effectively, we should spend more time with them face to face in real life. Only in this way can we not only make full use of the communication tool on the net but also make our relationship tighter.【范文三】Due to the wide use of computers and the development of Internet, more and more people like to chat on the Internet. We tend to pay more attention to electronic communication than to face-to-face contact.As electronic communication is not limited by space, we can chat with others where there is Internet with our tools such as computers, mobile phones and pads. However, when we chat with others online, we cannot express our feelings fully. Just as the picture shows, the parents cannot touch or hug their child. We know that body language plays an important role in our communication, but the electronic communication cannot do this. For example, when we are sad, we need more love and warmth, a real hug from our parents or friends can mean much more to us than just words through electronic communication.Therefore, though electronic communication brings convenience to our life, I still don’t think the electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.【范文四】As to this picture above, an interesting dialogue happens between the parents and their child on the Internet. The parents, sitting in front of a computer, say “...we look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer crashes...”Funny as it shows, which naturally leads us to be associated with the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate. It is no dout that face-to-face contact is inevitably impaired by electronic communication in the era of Internet.Some suggest that the net brings about changes in interpersonal communication. With the net, we could contact people to share a great deal of information from anywhere at anytime. What’s more, we could learn a large amount of knowledge from different persons on such an opening flat. However, others insist that the internet has a bad influence on interpersonal communication. Even worse, some people are addicted to surfing the net so much as to isolate themselves from their families and friends, which is not beneficial tofurther interpersonal relationship and promote the feeling of harmony.From my point of view, every coin has two sides. When we enjoy the benefit that the net brings us, we need to realize that the virtual net could never take place of the face-to-face communication among human beings. After all, we all live in a real world. Therefore, it is advisable for us to have a more face to face communication with our families, friends and acquaintances in real life instead of merely through the Internet.【范文五】Being a product of high-technology, Internet and computers are being more and more widely used in our everyday life. They can offer us fast and convenient service for communication.In recent years, computers and the Internet have become popular among university students. Quite a lot of them use them at school to keep in touch with their families and friends instead of going home to see them in person or writing letters. Which, of course brings conveniences to them, but I don’t think it is good to do so. Internet makes electronic communication convenient, but it will never replace face toface contact. Both electronic communication and face-to-face contact are important in our life. What we should do it to apply each communication ways in the right way.Technology development enables us to communication with parents and friend in a brand new and fast way, but it is face-to face contact that deepens the feelings and emotions between people.【范文一】It is frequently observed that many people keep looking down at their mobile phones whatever they are doing. It is true that mobile phones have brought great convenience to us as we can send short messages, check e-mails, surf the Internet, or watch videos almost anywhere. However, the overuse of mobile phones also leads to some serious problems.The over-dependence on mobile phones can harm the relationship among friends and family. With mobile phones, people do not talk as much as before. For example, sometimes at dinner tables, instead of chatting and laughing with each other, many people choose to chat with other friends online. In other words, mobile phones help people contacting friends far away more easily at the expense of reducing thecommunication with those who are sitting right next to them.In conclusion, mobile phone can be a useful tool in modern life, but overusing it damages interpersonal relationship. There is no point to lose our intimacy with friends and family to modern technology.点评：本题漫画探讨手机的广泛使用对人们生活的影响。
2013年12月英语四级真题作文第二套
The Importance of Balancing Technologyand Human RelationshipsIn the fast-paced, technology-driven world of today, it is increasingly difficult to strike a balance between our digital lives and our human relationships. The allure of smartphones, social media, and other digital platformsoften distracts us from the rich and meaningfulinteractions that are fundamental to our well-being. The 2013 December CET-4 exam essay, specifically the second set, underscores this critical issue, highlighting the need fora harmonious coexistence between technology and our interpersonal connections.The essay prompts us to consider the ways in which technology has transformed our lives, often at the cost of our personal relationships. We are constantly connected to the world through our devices, but this connectivity canalso lead to a sense of disconnection from the peopleclosest to us. We find ourselves scrolling through social media feeds instead of engaging in face-to-face conversations, and we often prioritize virtual interactions over real-life ones.However, it is important to recognize that technology is not inherently bad. It has brought about numerous benefits, such as increased access to information, improved communication, and enhanced productivity. The problem arises when we allow technology to overshadow our human relationships, replacing them with superficial digital connections.To strike a balance, we must make a conscious effort to integrate technology into our lives in a way that complements our interpersonal relationships, rather than replaces them. We can use technology as a tool to enhance our communication, rather than as a substitute for face-to-face interactions. For instance, we can utilize video conferencing to stay connected with loved ones who live far away, or we can use social media to share our experiences and thoughts with a wider audience.Moreover, it is crucial to set boundaries andprioritize our real-life relationships. We should make time for face-to-face conversations, spend quality time with our family and friends, and participate in activities that foster meaningful human interactions. By doing so, we canensure that technology serves as an enhancer of our lives, rather than a hindrance to our personal relationships.In conclusion, the challenge of balancing technology and human relationships is a timely and important one. We must recognize the role that technology plays in our lives and take proactive steps to ensure that it does not overshadow our interpersonal connections. By doing so, we can enjoy the benefits of technology while maintaining the rich and meaningful human relationships that are integral to our well-being.**科技与人际关系的平衡之重要性**在当今快节奏、技术驱动的世界中，要在数字生活与人际关系之间取得平衡变得越来越困难。
2013年12月英语六级作文
2013年12月英语六级作文As a college student, I have encountered many challenges in my academic life. One of the most common problems is the lack of motivation. Sometimes, I find it hard to focus on my studies and feel demotivated. However, I have found some effective ways to overcome this issue.Firstly, I try to set achievable goals for myself. By breaking down my tasks into smaller, more manageable ones, I can see progress and feel a sense of accomplishment. This helps me stay motivated and focused on my studies.Secondly, I surround myself with positive influences. This includes friends who are also motivated and supportive, as well as teachers who are passionate about their subjects. Being around people who are enthusiastic about learning helps me stay motivated and engaged in my studies.Thirdly, I make sure to take breaks and engage in activities that I enjoy. This can be anything from going for a walk, listening to music, or reading a book. By taking breaks and engaging in activities that I enjoy, I can recharge my batteries and come back to my studies feeling refreshed and motivated.In conclusion, lack of motivation is a common issue faced by many college students. However, by setting achievable goals, surrounding ourselves with positive influences, and taking breaks to engage in enjoyable activities, we can overcome this problem and stay motivated in our academic pursuits.。
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2013年12月四六级考前写作练习题与参考范文(2013-12-05 12:07:59)转载▼1）以下练习题四六级通用，四级同学按120至180词写即可。
2）最好自己写完再看范文3) 应该全面防备，来不及练的题型也要想想，看看范文思路4）范文不必全背，可背诵其中自己喜欢且认为比较通用的词、句、段5）背就要背准了，要通过默写的方式来检查6）能够想到或找到同类型的其他模拟题来仿写一下就更好了7）到考场上一切以出题人要求为准，要灵活地使用所背诵的语言，不得死搬硬套8）以上文章出自即将出版的新版《大学英语六级考试一本通》（王兆飞主编），版权所有，未经许可，不得用于商业用途。
写作练习题（一）图表型Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition based on the chart given below. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（二）图画型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（三）对立观点型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of at least 150 words but no more than 200 words according to the following information:Currently, a number of schools allow students to grade their teachers and even decide if the teachers can teach on or not. This has given rise to a heated debate, with some approving of the pratice and others strongly opposed to it. Now discuss both views and give your own opinion.（四）观点认同型Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on Plastic Surgery. In your essay you should clearly state your view and support your view with appropriate reasons or examples. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（五）解决问题型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students Playing Truant. In your essay your should probe into the causes of and the solution to the problem. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（六）名言警句型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Curse Can Be a Blessing in Disguise. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.（七）书信型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of complaint according to the following situation: You bought an air conditioner in Sun Appliance and had it installed the other day, but you found that the fan made too much noise when the machine operated. You demand the store to send a representative to check it up.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.（八）读后感型Directions: Read the story in Chinese below, and then write a composition under the titile of “The Goal of Life”. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Your composition should be based on the story and the following outline.1) What have you learned from the story?2) What is the goal of your life? If you have achieved the goal of your life, what wouldyou do?目标在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他19岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山，28岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。
然而，就在28岁这一年他自杀了。
原来在他11岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。
他的父母临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能象父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。
这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。
他留下遗言：“如今，功成名就的我感到无事可做了，我没有了新的目标……”（九）给主题句型Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition about GOOD MANNERS in 3 paragraphs. You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its ideas in completing the paragraph. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.1. Good manners mean good behavior in social intercourse.2. A selfish man can never possess good manners.3. Then how to learn good manners?（十）其他类型Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of at least 150 words but no more than 200 words on the topic “Volunteering Activities” and base your composition on the outline below:1. 越来越多的人从事志愿者工作2. 志愿者工作的意义和/或存在的问题3. 我个人的经历或打算参考范文（一）图表型The past years have witnessed a mounting number of Chinese scholars returning from overseas.As is lively illustrated by the column chart, the number of returnees climbed from a mere69.3 thousand in 2008 to over 272.9 thousand in 2012, at an annual increase rate of around 50%.A multitude of factors may have led to the tendency revealed by the chart, but the following are the critical ones from my perspective. First and foremost, along with the development of Chinese economy and society, the number of Chinese studying abroad has been soaring in the past years, which has provided an expanding base for the number of returnees. In the second place, the government has enacted a series of preferential policies to attract overseas Chinese scholars back home. Last but not least, the booming economy, science and technology in this country have generated more attative job opportunites for scholars returning from overseas.The waves of returnees will definitely contribute to this nation’s development, since they have brought back not only advanced science and technology but also pioneering concepts of education and management. With more scholars coming back from overseas, and with the concerted efforts of the whole nation, we have reasons to expect a faster rejuvenation of this country.（二）图画型This is a satiric but true-to-life drawing. As we can see in it, a man is drowning, with only one arm above water gesturing for help. Those standing on the bank, however, instead of lending a helping hand, are busy photographing with their mobile phones, most possibly taking the scene as another eyeball-attractor on the Internet.Exaggerating as it might be, the phenomenon mirrored by the cartoon is not uncommon in modern society. Actually, both the picture and instances in real life point to the fact that many people nowadays ignore what they should do due to the use of mobile phones and the Internet. It never too rare to see some people taking pictures of newly served dishes in a restaurant and upload them to their friend circle in We Chat. Nor is it to find people busy taking photos and update their micro blogs when touring. Some even fail to take proper actions in case of emergency, just as thecrowd in the picture do. Their only goal seems to be attracting as much attention online as possible.Such being the case, it is high time that we pondered over the problem and figured out a solution. Among all measures, I believe, the central one should be resisting the temptation of vanity brought along by such modern self-media as micro blog, and coming more back to life itself.（三）对立观点型Is It Up to Students to Evaluate Teachers?The past few years have witnessed a mounting number of universities allowing students to evaluate their teachers and even decide if they can stay on their positions or not. To this practice, people’s attitudes differ considerably. Some applaud it warmly whereas others criticize and even condemn it harshly.Proponents of the practice may list the following reasons. In the first place, they assert that students are the people who know the most clearly about the teaching performance of a teacher, so they should have the say in evaluating him or her. In the second place, they contend that students have paid for their education, so they have the right to decide which teacher should be employed.Opponents, however, point out that it is dangerous to leave the right to students to evaluate teachers. For one thing, students may not know what ought to be taught and how it should be taught; they may only judge a teacher according to his temper and even accent or appearance. For another, in order to please students, some teachers may resort to some improper means.Personally, I believe that both views are justifiable, and we should achieve a balance between them by employing the evaluating approach in a reasonable and beneficial way. To be specific, students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers, but they may not be the only decision-maker in the teachers’ fate.(或Personally, I think that both sides have something right. Actually, lottery games should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents us with both benefits and troubles. But we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize their advantages and eliminate their unhealthy side-effects. Or in other words, we should further develop lottery games and exert proper supervision over them so that they can benefit us in a better way.)（四）观点认同型My View on Plastic SurgeryThe past few years have witnessed a mounting number of people undergoing plastic surgery. To this practice, people’s attitudes differ considerably. Some applaud it warmly whereas others criticize and even condemn it harshly. Personally, I am opposed to plastic surgery, and I base my position on the following reasons.In the first place, I deem that physical appearances are always of less great importance than inner beauty and practical ability. In the second place, I am definitely opposed to the concept that there is an established norm of beauty. Instead, I hold that beauty, even in the physical sense,manifests itself in varied ways. Last but not least, as is well known, plastic surgery can be very dangerous, resulting in some irreversible injuries.Indeed, there are some individuals who have achieved success in their career or life with the help of plastic surgery, but it must be pointed out that they belong to the absolute minority and that their success depends far more than their improved physical appearance.Taking into consideration all the above-mentioned, we may safely come to the conclusion that plastic surgery is definitely unnecessary for normal people. We should focus more on our inner world and try to attract others with our personality and intelligence.（五）解决问题型College Students Playing TruantThe past few years have witnessed a mounting number of college students playing truant. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to enumerate. Sometimes, even less than half of the students in a class attend the lecture..A number of factors may be responsible for this phenomenon. Personally, I can come up with the following ones. In the first place, there exist faults with the arrangement of curriculum. In other words, some courses are irrelevant, or far beyond or below students. In the second place, some teachers are responsible for the phenomenon. Their teaching is far from attractive or efficient. Lastly, there exist reasons on the part of students, many of whom have become restless under the influence of some social trends.This phenomenon is definitely unhealthy and requires remedying. Naturally, measures should be taken in the three aspects mentioned above. For one thing, it is imperative that the school perfect its arrangement of courses. For another, teachers should be constantly urged to improve their work. Last but not least, students should be warned against some vicious trends in society and concentrate on their study. Only with these measures taken can we expect a solution of the problem.（六）名言警句型A Curse Can Be a Blessing in DisguiseA famous saying goes that “A curse can be a blessing in disguise”. Simple as the saying is, its meaning is profound and thought-provoking. Evidently, it is meant to tell us that unfavorable conditions can one day prove to be favorable ones ant that we should not be indulged in depression after we have met setbacks.Actually, history abounds with examples to prove this saying. Taking a look around, we can also find examples too many to enumerate. Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own. Though performing well enough in the college entrance exam, I was only provided with the opportunity to enroll in a second-class university. However, I did not lose my heart. Instead, I found the remoteness and quietness of the campus a favorable condition for my study. In terms of English, I have passed CET-4 with a high score. Now I believe I can do the same with my CET-6.Bringing what has been discussed into a conclusion, we may say that a curse can also turn into a blessing. So, one should not indulge himself in bitterness and complaint after he meets setbacks. What he really has to do is to seek opportunities and turn adversities into favorable conditions. In a word, we should truly understand the profound meaning of the proverb and take the right actions in our life and work in the future.（七）书信型December 14th, 2013 Dear Sir or Madam,I’m writing to lodge the complaint about the poor quality of an air conditioner that I purchased from Sun Appliance Company.Frankly speaking, Sun Appliance has always been my favorite. On December 4th, 2013, I bought the air conditioner (serial number 12345) from one of your chain stores. The machine operated well at first, but ten days later, there was a fault that bothered me, that is, the fan made so much noise that I could not sleep well at night. Worse still, the heating system didn’t work well and the machine began to leak recently. Its poor quality ruined almost all my previous impression toward your products.I strongly suggest that a repairman should be sent to my home without delay. I wonder if you could find out the exact cause of the problem as soon as possible. If you can’t, I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund or a new air conditioner.I would appreciate all your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Look forward to your reply.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming （八）读后感型The Goal of LifeA story goes that a disabled young man managed to reach the peak of every famous high mountain in the world before he was 28. He did all this just as his parents told him to do in their will. But the young man committed suicide in the end and his last words were: “now I have nothing to do with all my goals achieved and my fame well established. I h ave no new goals.”Simple as the drawing is, the message it conveys is profound and far-reaching. Evidently, it is meant to reveal the fact that, first, one should have a grand ideal and associate it with the needs of society, and secondly, one should have his own pursuits and should not follow others blindly.The story is especially instructive when we think of similar happenings around us. Some people, after making a fortune, feel empty and desperate, resorting to drugs or other low style of life. Still more young people do the same because they are in lack of lofty ideals and are only drifting with the tide.As far as I am concerned, I would like to devote myself to any cause that is beneficial to mankind. My short-term goal is to learn about environmental protection and find a job in this field. And I believe this is a meaningful and useful career. It is worth my life-long efforts. I will keep finding and attaining new goals in this field.（九）给主题句型Good MannersGood manners mean good behavior in social intercourse. For people to live in harmony, there should be some common rules to obey in society. Good-mannered individuals pay adequate respect for these rules. For instance, they would not smoke or talk too loudly while eating in a restaurant; nor would they jump in queue while waiting for their turn; neither would they sneeze without covering their mouth and nose.A selfish man can never possess good manners. They tend to be self-centered, putting their own interest above all others’. Taking a look aroun d, one can find examples too numerous to list. Some hold parties in deep night, seriously affecting their neighbors’ rest; others walk their dogs without chaining them, threatening the safety of passers-by; still others talk at a high voice on phone, totally ignoring the existence of people around them.Then how to learn good manners? Personally, I believe measures can be taken in the following aspects. In the first place, it is the government’s duty to work out and enforce regulations and even laws to pena lize those would severely infringe upon others’ rights through their selfish behavior. In the second place, a deep-going, widespread and ever-lasting campaign should be launched to elevate people’s level of social morality.（十）其他类型Volunteering ActivitiesNo one can have failed to notice the fact that the past years witnessed an increasing number of volunteers in China. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to enumerate. The largest and most notable group of volunteers might be those working for the Beijing Olympic Games and Shanghai Expo.Such volunteering activities are significant in many ways. First and foremost, they have undoubtedly contributed considerably to this society. As a newly emerging force, volunteers actually present collectivism and the virtue of helping others for fun in a new form. Secondly, by working as volunteers, the younger generation, especially college students, can broaden their horizons, enhance their capacities and associate themselves better with the society. Of course there exist some problems with these volunteering activities, such as lack of training and loose management of volunteers, but we have reasons to believe that they can be solved in the near future.Person ally, I didn’t work as a volunteer in the earthquake or the Olympics for this reason or that. Nor did I have a chance to work for Shanghai Expo. But I am indeed touched by those voluntary deeds and I am determined to work as a volunteer for environmental protection from now on, which I deem of great importance nowadays.。