2021届北京市密云水库中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案解析

2021届北京市密云水库中学高三英语第三次联考试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Older adults who sleep six hours or fewer a night may have elevated risk for dementia(痴呆症) and other cognitive (认知的) issues, a new study finds.
Researchers at Stanford University measured seniors' (ages 65 to 85) dementia risk and cognitive abilities, finding higher risk in those patients who regularly slept six or fewer hours compared to those who slept seven or eight hours. Those seniors who slept nine or more hours also had lower cognitive functions and other health issues, but the researchers didn't find the same high dementia risk in this group.
The findings demonstrate how important it is for adults to maintain a healthy sleep cycle, especially as they get older.
As adults age, it's common for their sleep patterns to change or becomedisrupted— leading to longer, shorter, or more irregular sleep. This disruption may be linked to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, impacting seniors' ability to remember information, problem-solve, and go through everyday behaviors. Sleep disruption can also be caused by or heighten depression, cardiovascular disease（冠心病）, and other conditions.
A recommended sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours, the researchers said. Six or fewer hours corresponded to short sleep, while nine or more hours corresponded to long sleep.
The Stanford researchers measured levels of beta amyloid, a protein in the brain that is typically found in high levels when a patient develops Alzheimer's. In addition, the researchers used several tests for memory, attention, spatial skills, and executive function to identify patients' cognitive abilities. Those patients sleeping for six hours or fewer a night were more likely to develop dementia, the researchers found. The low-sleep patients had higher levels of beta amyloid.
The Stanford researchers found that patients with lower sleep also performed worse on memory tests, while those with higher sleep (more hours) performed worse on executive function tests，which measure the brain's ability to switch between different tasks.
―The main takeaway is that it is important to maintain healthy sleep late in life, Winer told CNN.
1. What does the underlined word “disrupted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. difficult
B. disordered
C. dissolved
D. different
2. According to the findings, which of the following is NOT related to the disrupted sleep?
A. It is more likely to cause old people to have bad memories over issues.
B. It may contribute to dementia, cardiovascular disease and other illnesses.
C. Some daily behaviors perhaps differ from those whose sleeping is normal.
D It tends to bring all the old people to undergo brain scans and cognitive tests.
3. What can we infer from the study?
A. A proper sleep time for seniors is seven to eight hours.
B. Low and high sleep patients were both poor at memory tests.
C. Executive function test is applied to measure the capacity of brain.
D. Keeping a healthy sleep for older adults late in life is crucial.
B
Where doyou usually put your toothbrush?Do you keep it in the bathroom? How’s your toothbrush looking these days? Even if you can’t see it with a naked eye, experts say it may be saturated(使饱和)with millions of toilet germs!
Dr. Charles Oerba, a germ expert, is amicrobiology professor at the University of Arizona. He says there are approximately 3 million bacteria per square inch in most toilet bowls, and every time you flush it without closing the lid, those millions of bacteria droplets spray into the air as far as twenty feet away and dirty everything in their path. And a common victim is your poor toothbrush, usually, left out on the bathroom sink, right?
So, what do we do? Dr. Gerba says it’s easy. Close the toilet lid before you flush—that’ll greatly cut downthe germs, which will otherwise float in the air. And wash your toothbrush every few days in mouthwash or peroxide to get rid of any germs hiding in it. You can even put it through the dishwasher to sanitize(消毒)it. And always store your toothbrush in a closed cabinet.
Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize yoursink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.
4. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To show how to brush your teeth.
B. To tell people the importance of health.
C. To warn people of the invisible germs.
D. To introduce a microbiology professor.
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A. Bathroom sinks are the dirtiest places.
B. Bacteria are bad for people’s health.
C. Why bacteria spread through the air.
D. How bacteria spread in the bathroom.
6. What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The food.
B. The toothbrush.
C. The sink.
D. The chemical.
7. Why does Dr. Gerba mention the example of an alien?
A. To tell us a fiction story of an alien studying bacteria.
B. To show our kitchen sink may be dirtier than our toilet.
C. To teach us how to reset sink’s bacteria count back to zero.
D. To prove coli prefers to live in the kitchen and the drain.
C
The term "bird brain" is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision-making ability. However, some scientists believe it should be considered a praise, given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools, solving problems, and planning for future needs. Now,Griffin, an African Grey parrot, has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.
The study, led by Hrag Pailian, a researcher at Harvard University, had the parrot compete in the game against twenty-one undergraduate students and twenty-one 6 to 8-year-old children. The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upside-down cups, which are moved around. Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies. To make the task more challenging, the researchers required participants to track two, three, and four objects at the same time.
An analysis of the results showed thatGriffinoutperformed the 6 to 8-year-olds across all levels on average.
Even more impressive, the "bird brain" performed as well as, or slightly better than, the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials! It was only in the final two tests, which had the most objects and most movement, that the parrot fell behind the adults. However,Griffin's performance was never below that of the children.
Griffinwas the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had a brain functionality similar to that of humans. "The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off his brain power in exchange for a few cashews (腰果) did not hurt either", said Irene Pepperberg, a Harvard lecturer, who has trained Griffin and several other African Grey parrots, has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.
8. Whatwere the participants required to do in the study?
A. Identify different kinds of objects.
B. Tell where the hidden object lies.
C. Track other participants' performance.
D. Move around upside-down cups.
9. What did the results of the study indicate?
A. 6 to 8-year-olds did better thanGriffin.
B. Parrots have a better memory than other birds.
C. Harvard students have a better visual memory.
D.Griffinoutsmarted Harvard students in some trials.
10. Why wasGriffinchosen for the experiment?
A. It was good at making decisions.
B. It was specially trained for experiments.
C. It had similar brain functions to human beings.
D. It loved to show off his language power for some treats.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. "Bird brain" becomes a term for a stupid person.
B. Harvard lecturer pioneers in bird intelligence study.
C. Parrot outsmarted Harvard students in visual memory test.
D. Researchers made new discoveries about human intelligence.
D
On March 18, 34-year-old Lance Karlson was walking on the beach and looking for somewhere toswim in Geographe Bay when he saw what he thought was a stingray (黄貂鱼) leap from the water.
Realizing the creature was, in fact, an octopus (章鱼), he started filming it — just in time for the angry
octopus to launch itself at him. He immediately felt a sharp pain across his left arm, followed by a second strike across his neck and upper back. His goggles (护目镜) fogged and the water around him turned dark with what he thought might have been octopus ink as he struggled back toward the shore.
"I was confused — it was more of a shock than a fright," said Karlson, "I might have hit on its home." Within a minute, a perfect imprint of an octopus tentacle (触手) appeared on Karlson's neck and back.
A former volunteer lifeguard, Karlson rushed back to his hotelroom to find something acidic to put on the wound. All his family could grab was Coca-Cola, which his wife poured over his back and the pain disappeared.
"The pain went away and more than anything since then, it's been more the physical hit that was painful.... The imprint on my neck is more from the physical hit, and I guess it makes complete sense when you look at the video I took," he said.
Karlson said he'd never seen an octopus that close before and watched Netflix documentary "My Octopus Teacher" after the incident to learn more about the species.
"They are beautiful creatures and I really hope this promotes more interest in octopuses as opposed to fear of them. I think this is a fascinating creature with clearly some very strong emotions just like we do as humans," he added.
12. When did the octopus attack Karlson?
A. When he was swimming in the bay.
B. When he was shooting the octopus.
C. When he was looking for some fish.
D. When he was fighting against the octopus.
13. What plays an essential role in reducing Karlson's pain?
A. The lifeguard's timely help.
B. Karson's wife's quick action.
C. The family members' efforts.
D. Karlson’s knowledge of first aid.
14. What does Karlson learn from his experience?
A. The octopus is dangerous.
B. People should get away from the octopus.
C. People need know more about the octopus.
D. The physical hit from the octopus is painful.
15. Which of the following might be the best title?
A. Pain from Strong Attack
B. First Aid for Octopus' Strike
C. Face to Face with Angry Octopus
D. Under Sea with Dangerous Creature
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Everybody has days when they don't feel like working but still there are tasks that need to be completed. In this case, the below suggestions will help you get back to your work.
Make sure your workspace is organized before youbegin on a new task.____16____In this way, you don't lose your focus when you start working on your task.
Try to relax and refresh your mind to get ready. Listen to classical or jazz music to calm your soul. Also, if you can, open the window.____17____
____18____This will help you manage your work better and as a result, you can measure your achievement as you easily complete your tasks one by one. Completing smaller tasks will also motivate you to start off others and so, finish the whole project.
Increase your motivation by working with other people. Remember those school days when you used to group study with your classmates.____19____If you have a teammate or a coworker who can help you by giving inputs or who can motivate you, then, work with this person.
Ignore everything else around you, just as Nike says, just do it! Don't forget that beginning is half finishing.____20____Get moving as soon as possible and you will realize that beginning is actually much easier than you think.
A. Practice really makes perfect.
B. The same holds for work as well.
C. Divide your main task into smaller tasks.
D. If not, clean out all the unnecessary things.
E. Fresh oxygen will help your brain work better.
F. So stop wasting your time and focus on the task.
G. Motivation is very important when you start a new task.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Information of the patient was checked. The shadow less lamp was on. All supplies needed for the operation were___21___. This was a typical___22___of a surgery. However, there was one more___23___--- a piano. It was the first time ever in the world that a piano had___24___the operating room. My 15 colleagues and I were operating on a 10-year-old patient.
Occupying a comer of the room, the grand piano was performed by Emiliano, a musician. To the___25___background of a piano played___26___, we performed the surgery to remove a tumor(肿瘤) from the boy’s stomach. Everything went well. There was no complication. A magical atmosphere of complete___27___was brought into the operating room. When___28___medical supplies among the staff, I could totally___29___the peace. Even more____30____, in smooth music, we____31____better, as if our minds were connected by the____32____.
Although the boy was____33____during the four-hour operation, at times we did notice the comers of his____34____curved(弯曲) up. Somehow, even under total anesthesia(麻醉)，he could feel the joy of music. When the notes were____35____, monitors showed a sudden change in his brain activity pattern. I prayed the music could____36____the skinny body of anxiety and pain.
The surgery was____37____. Our little patient was doing well. My team described the process as____38____and moving. When asked about the____39____, our brave little patient said, “I’m fine. Did I hear the music? Yes, I heard it.”
In years to come, a surgery room might____40____a piano or other facility of this kind.
21. A. in place B. in demand C. in use D. in silence
22. A. schedule B. principle C. custom D. routine
23. A. mission B. labour C. role D. facility
24. A. entered B. included C. approached D. spared
25. A. exciting B. soft C. loud D. complex
26. A. live B. fair C. hard D. tight
27. A. tension B. liberty C. recognition D. harmony
28. A. operating B. passing C. storing D. lending
29. A. establish B. reserve C. sense D. value
30. A. magically B. briefly C. typically D. unfortunately
31. A. thought B. remained C. cooperated D. explored
32. A. signs B. notes C. words D. strings
33. A. alive B. awake C. asleep D. alike
34. A. stomach B. mouth C. body D. mind
35. A. made B. cancelled C. interrupted D. released
36. A. warn B. remind C. inform D. relieve
37. A. challenged B. affected C. dominated D. completed
38. A. natural B. amazing C. genuine D. impossible
39. A. experience B. expression C. performance D. proposal
40. A. compose B. support C. feature D. inspire
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The young Perce Blackborow___41.___(desperate) anticipated an adventure.___42.___(join) the expedition, he secretly hid himself in a cupboard after Sir Ernest Shackleton turned down his request. As they approached Antarctic, the shipEndurancegot___43.___(stick) in the ice. They had to abandon the ship and reached the uninhabited Elephant Island. Later, they got into a difficult situation___44.___they were crowded together under a boat on the rocky shore of the miserable place. To seek help, Shackleton departed,___45.___(lead) a team in a lifeboat. For the remaining crew, staying alive took all their time and energy. While they were bored___46.___all meat of sea creatures, they knew if___47.___hadn’t been for sea animals, they would all have starved. It was four months before they were finally rescued. It was Shackleton’s perseverance and___48.___(commit) that saved them from a slow but___49.___(pain) death. The expedition____50.____(consider) a successful failure at that time.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

It has been deep spring now, but the weather is still comfortably. Three of my friend and I went to East Lake the last Sunday. We meet each other at 8:00 am but then we went there by bike. It took us forty minutes get there. We went boating first after we got there. It was really interesting. And then we had a picnic. We prepared some meat, vegetables, corns and another food. We went home at about 4:00 pm and all of them had a great day. I like picnicking outdoors because it makes me feel relaxing. We decide what we will go there again in summer. At that time, we can swim in the lake.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下列短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A man in Fairhope reunited with a special photo of his late wife that wasblownaway in the strong winds ofHurricane Sally, all thanks to the help of strangers,KimberlyandBjarke, on social media.
Scottsaid on Facebook the photo of his late wife, Amy, was usually on the dashboard of his Jeep. The photo was taken in April 2017, after Amy described it as “her first night home from the hospital”.
“In fact, we all knew her brain cancer had progressed,” he wrote. “The photo has sat in the same spot on the dashboard of her Jeep, now my Jeep for three years now.”
Three years ago, Amylosther battle with brain cancer. And the photo was someaningful for Scott. But when Scott and his daughter were traveling to Point Clear on Sept. 16 to check on Amy’s grave after Hurricane Sally went through the region, he said thephotowas swept out of his Jeep by winds.
“We stopped to get out and check and as soon as I opened the door a wind came through; because my little girl’s window was down, the photo took off,” he added.
Scott said he thought the photo was gone forever, because he thought the strong wind and heavy storm would dodamageto everything, until that Monday, Sept 20, when he spotted apost on the “What’s Happening in Fairhope” Facebook group.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:
Then he read the post which said how Kimberly and her husband Bjarke had found the photo.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Scott was reunited with his beloved photo.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. B 9. D 10. C 11. C
12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C
16. D 17. E 18. C 19. B 20. F
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32.
B 33.
C 34. B 35. C 36.
D 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
41. desperately
42. To join
43. stuck 44. where
45. leading
46. with 47. it
48. commitment
49. painful
50. was considered
51.(1). comfortably→comfortable
(2).friend→friends
(3).去掉the
(4).meet→met
(5).but→and
(6).get前添加to
(7).another→other
(8).them→us
(9).relaxing→relaxed
(10).what→that
52.略。