schooling and viewing the world
新视野大学英语第三版视听说思政数字课程2答案
新视野大学英语第三版视听说思政数字课程2答案（注意：每单元最后一个测试的选择题是乱序，不能根据abcd来选，要根据选项内容选）Unit 1 Life is a learning curveListening to the world1-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about the things people are learning at the moment and the most difficult thing they have ever learned.Practice-21) new things2) At the moment3) quite difficultPractice-31) A2) B3) A4) B5) B6) B7) A8) APractice-41) I have ever learnt,I have ever learned,I've ever learned,I've ever learnt2) found3) a combination4) body movements5) Learning to drive6) nine cases,9 cases7) by most standards8) French9) hated1-3 ListeningUse the skillsUse the skills-11) I encountered some difficulties while learning English. First of all,I had a limited vocabulary, and sometimes I found it hard to express my ideas in English. Secondly,I had difficulty understanding authentic listening materials,especially when native speakers speak very fast.2) I was advised to carry around a notebook with me so that I could memorize new words whenever I was free.I was also advised to watch English movies with English subtitles to improve my listening skills.3) I found the best way to increase my vocabulary was to learn new words withina context.I read a lot of English newspapers and magazines. When I came acrossnew words and expressions,I looked them up in a dictionary,and wrote down the new words and their meanings and examples in a notebook. Then I recited these words and examples, and went over them again and again. In this way,I managed to increase my vocabulary very quickly.To improve my listening skills,I tried to listen to the news, listen to podcasts,and watch English television and movies as much as possible. When I had difficulty understanding the materials,I tried to find the transcript so that I could listen and read at the same time, which helped me match the words with their pronunciations.I also tried to repeat what I heard while listening,which helped improve not only my listening skills but also my spoken English.Use the skills-21.E2.C3.A4.G5.D6.H7.B8.FUse the skills-31) speak2) saying the wrong thing3) practice speaking to himself, practice talking to himself4) making mistakes5) native speakers6) pronunciation7) listening skills8) listening and readingUse the skills-41) embarrassed2) hear3) anything you like4) going for the weekend5) voice6) pronunciation7) how it sounds8) the news9) English television10) on the Internet11) sound like12) native speaker1-4 ViewingGet a clue1) B2) A3) BView itView it-11) B2) A3) B4) AView it-21) D2) A3) B4) A5) DSpeaking for communication1-6 Role-playingNote them downNote them down-11) ANote them down-21) A2) B3) A4) B5) A6) B7) BNote them down-31) you should eat2) a good3) should not spend4) You're/You are5) Why don't/Why do not6) am not sure that's/am not sure that is/am not sure it is/am not sure it's /am not sure that it is/am not sure that it's7) it'sa good/it is a good/this is a good/that it's a good/that it is a good8) suppose so1-7 PresentingOrganize ideas1) No textbooks.No tests or exams.Learn foreign languages through music.Learn gardening and how to concentrate.Don't have to learn to read and write at an early age.2) No tests or exams.Learn foreign languages through music.Don't have to learn to read and write at an early age.3) Have to go to special music and body movement classes to learn to concentrate.4) Begin to learn music as young as possible.Even two-year-olds can play difficult music.Practice for hours every day and give a performance every week.5) Even two-year-olds can play difficult music.6) Practice for hours every day and give a performance every week.7) Don't have to go to school or follow school rules.Choose subjects they like.Choose when to work.8) Choose subjects they like.Choose when to work.9) Don't have to go to school, so have little chance to socialize with peers.1) homeschooling2) freedom of choosing subjects they want to study;freedom of choosing to work when they feel like it;beneficial for their physical and mental development3) starting young4) too much for small children;practice for hours every day;give a performance once a week;a stressful life in a competitive environment;have potential harmful effects参考:Sample presentation will be given in the"Present ideas"section.More practice in listening1-8 More practice in listeningConversationsShort conversations1.B2.D3.D4.C5.ALong conversation1.C2.D3.A4.CPassagesPassages-11.D2.A3.C4.DPassages-21) alternative2) numerous3) traditional4) academic5) countryside6) athletes7) take advantage of8) Secondary9) in a collective effort10) serve asNewsNews-11.D2.DNews-21.A2.C3.DMoral education1-9 Lead-inQuiz1) B2) C3) A1) B2) A3) C1-10 World storyViewing and understanding1) B2) A3) A4) B5) ASpeaking1) comfort zone2) formula, perfect3) adopting4) decent5) capabilities, significant 1-11 China talkListening and understanding1) B2) A3) C4) DUnit test1-14 Unit test短对话5题1)C. She will help the man with his assignments.2)B. He worked hard but didn't pass the exam.3)B. He is studying too hard.4)C. Professor and student.5)C. Six hours.长对话5题6)B. She returned to the regular English class.7)A. Because her English was very good.8)D. It was frustrating.9)C. She should have worked harder.10)B. She should learm with teachers helping her study.短文理解5题11)A. Seeing for yourself in a new light.12)A. A world in which people depend more and more on each other.13)D. They musl establish close contacts with other countries.14)B. We can make studying abroad a key part of our education.15)C. They have wrong concepts about going abroad to study.复合式听写10题16) political17) Traditional18) acquire19) bear in mind20) difficult21) invented22) successful23) reason for24) thousands of25) brainsUnit 2 Journey into the unknownListening to the world2-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about people's traveling experiences and what they like and don't like about traveling.Practice-21) different countries2) home3) new places4) new culturesPractice-31) A2) B3) B4) A5) A6) B7) B8) BPractice-41. mature2. airport3. theater, theatre4. scenery5. culture6. languagePractice-51) B2) A3) D4) F5) C6) E2-3 ListeningUse the skillsUse the skills-11) Venice is a great tourist destination in Italy, which is famous for its architecture and its artworks. It is a city built on small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. That is why it is the only city which has no cars,and people use gondolas to travel around.2) As far as I know, Venice has been sinking slowly and is still sinking slowly.That is a major problem threatening Venice right now.Use the skills-21. slowly sinking2. two and a half,2.5, two point five3. try and stop4. temporary5. permanentUse the skills-31) B2) B3) A4) A5)A2-4 ViewingGet a clue1) Bangkok is the capital and the largest city of Thailand. It is a popular tourist destination with high-rise buildings, lots of temples, intense heat, and vibrant nightlife.Cape Town is the most southern city in Africa, one of Africa's most popular tourist destinations.The Grand Canyon is a magnificent canyon in the state of Arizona, America. It is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.The Masai Mara is a reserve for a vast variety of wild animals in Africa.Paris is the capital of France, with the reputation of being the most beautiful and romantic of all cities. It is a popular tourist destination and the Capital of Fashion, attracting the finest and most luxurious fashion designers around the world.2)I think Paris is the number one place I want to see. The way I see it, Paris is the most beautiful and romantic city in the world. I want to see those famous tourist sites such as the Eiffel Tower, the Arc de Triomphe, the Notre-Dame de Paris, the Louvre Museum, etc. I also want to try delicious French food and go shopping in the Capital of Fashion.View itView it-11) D2) B3) B4) C5) DView it-21) busy2) shopping3) bars4) need5) spaces6) friendliness7) elegant8) expensive9) views10) beaches11) cheap12) changing13) sunset14) criedSpeaking for communication2-6 Role-playingNote them downNote them down-11) CNote them down-21) trying to get to2) takes about 10 minutes, takes about ten minutes3) looking for4) right way5) take the first left6) until you reach7) want to get to8) Is it far9) Go left10) on the left2-7 PresentingGet ideas1) isolated2) far3) plane4) three months,3 months5) culture6) way of life7) speak to8) find out9) history10) dreamsOrganize ideas1) this winter2) New Zealand3) by air4) two weeks5) my family and friends6) enjoy beautiful landscapes;eat fresh food;meet friendly people;and talk with kiwi natives and fellow travelers7)a wonderful destination;a self-drive tour;a video about the life and people in New Zealand参考:Sample presentation will be given in the"Present ideas"section.More practice in listening2-8 More practice in listeningConversationsShort conversations1.A2.D3.B4.C5.DLong conversation1.A2.D3.C4.APassagesPassages-11.D2.A3.B4.DPassages-21) scared2) perceive3) negative4) result in5) lose faith in6) goes down7) depressed8) preferably9) adapt10) revealNewsNews-11.D2.CNews-21.D2.DMoral education2-9 Lead-inQuiz1) A2) D3) B4) C2-10 World storyViewing and understanding1) A2) B3) A4) A5) ASpeaking1) Isolated, mystery2) origins3) clouding4) fascinating5) transmission2-11 China talkListening and understanding1) B2) E3) D4) A5) C6) FUnit test2-14 Unit test短对话5题1) A. A mobile phone and a little money.2) B. His elder sister.3) B. She did not dare to climb up the Eiffel Tower.4) A. In a travel agency.5) A. The man has already bought the ticket to Hong Kong today.长对话4题6) B. At registration.7) C. Students can have lectures in different locations.8) A. It helps with the students'schedules.9) D. It limits the interaction among students.短文理解5题10) C. Interesting.11) A. Join lots of clubs.12) D. Keeping your door open is a sign that you are friendly to your neighbors.13) B. Encouraging.复合式听写10题14) vacation15) walks of life16) routine17) adventure18) treat19) popularity20) gain a better understanding of21) similarities22) perspective23) marvelous/marvellousUnit 3 Time outListening to the world3-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about what people like doing in their free time and what they are going to do this weekend.Practice-21) concerts2) a bar3) bandPractice-31) keep fit2) the theater3) small children4) seeing friends5) eating and drinking6) houses7) having friends around8) a jazz club9) love to read10) oil painting11) playing the guitar12) watching filmsPractice-41) A2) B3) B4) B5) B6) A3-3 ListeningUse the skillsUse the skills-11) Usually I spend about 200 to 300 yuan when I go out for an evening.2) Quite often I go to a bookstore to buy some books, which may cost me 50to 100 yuan. Then I have some coffee or some ice cream, and it's about 50yuan. After that,I may go to the cinema to see a movie, which may cost me around 100 yuan. Use the skills-21) see a free art exhibition2) going to a concert3) having dinner4) getting the bus home5) a visit to a museum6) paintings7) watch the street entertainers8) watch some comedy9) comedy club3-4 ViewingGet a clue1) I don't know much about Barcelona.I just know it's a popular tourist attraction in Spain, and it hosted the highly successful 1992 Summer Olympics and several matches during the 1982 FIFA World Cup.2) Yes,I would like to go there very much, because it is said to be one of the most beautiful cities in the world, and is viewed as the"Paris of Spain"by many people.View itView it-11) sightseeing2) beach3) get away from4) relaxing5) a dozen6) fantastic7) attitude8) perfectView it-21) B2) A3) A4) B5) A6) BView it-31) C2) E3) F4) B5) A6) DSpeaking for communication3-6 Role playingNote them downNote them down-11) Book a table2) 4, four3) Saturday4) 10 o'clock, ten o'clock,10:005) two tickets,2 tickets6) Starr7) June the fifth, June 5th8) June the ninth, June 9th, the ninth of June9) dinner with friends10) eight-thirty,8:30,08:3011) Saturday12) dinner tonight13) *Note them down-21) repeat2) check3) catch4) slow down5) speak up3-7 PresentingGet ideasGet ideas-11.E2.D3.B4.F5.A6.CGet ideas-21) D2) A3) C4) E5) BOrganize ideas参考:After breakfastThe northern bank of the SeineObserve the 360-degree view of Paris'most famous sights from Place de la Concorde After thatThe Muse de l'OrangerieSee Monet's Water Lilies as well as paintings by other famous printersAfter lunchThe Eiffel TowerSee the Eiffel TowerAfter thatThe Jardin des PlantesVisit a winter garden, tropical greenhouses, an alpine garden, and a menagerieIn the eveningTake a stroll over the lamp-lit bridges Sip champagne in hotel bars Dine in candle-lit pubs参考:Sample presentation will be given in the "Present ideas"section.More practice in listening3-8 More practice in listeningConversationsShort conversations1.D2.C3.C4.B5.CLong conversation1.D2.A3.A4.DPassagesPassages-11.A2.A3.D4.DPassages-21) objectives2) farthest3) recognised, recognized4) separated into5) involves6) is referred to7) life-threatening8) designed9) endurance10) putting themselves at riskNewsNews-11.D2.BNews-21.D2.B3.CMoral education3-9 Lead-inQuiz1) B2) C3) A4) D3-10 World story Viewing and understanding1) A2) D3) B4) BSpeaking1) permission2) mindset3) productive4) in the long run5) gather3-11 China talkListening and understanding1) C2) B3) B4) D5) AUnit test3-14 Unit test短对话5题1)A. He likes classic jazz.2)C. Vietnamese.3)B. Sports are quite important to him.4)B. Any film cxcept violent ones.5)B. At 8:30 in the evening.长对话5题6)D. What movie to watch and their experience of watching a horror movie together.7)B. A comedy.8)D. Because he wants the girl to move closer to him.9)C. He screamed.10)A. He threw popcorn in the aisle.短文理解4题11)C. Britain and the US.12)D. Keeping pels, painting cars and collecting matchboxes.13)C. Greek and Indian stamps.14)C. He wrote down the name of the train engines going through the station.复合式听写10题15) have a passion for16) looked upon17) take risks18) probably19) ignore20) attractive21) familiar22) obviously23) powerful24) requiresUnit 4 Life under the spotlightListening to the world4-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about people's attitudes toward being famous,what they'd like to be famous for, and which famous person they'd most like to meet. Practice-21) finding out2) a normal person3) feel about famePractice-31) B2) A3) A4) A5) B6) BPractice-41. exciting2. worthwhile3. a model4. real fame5. invention6. in the streetPractice-51) C2) E3) F4) D5) A6) B4-3 Listening Use the skills Use the skills-11) A2) A3) BUse the skills-21) advertising2) enjoy the job3) travel4) chance5) go traveling, go travelling6) a doctor7) have time8) play the piano9) writing songs10) wanted to do11) make more time12) playing her own music4-4 ViewingGet a clue1) I think the qualities a successful Formula One driver must have include physical strength and proficiency, mental alertness, quick reaction,endurance, consistency, courage, competitiveness, and appreciation for adventure and speed.2) Lewis Hamilton is ambitious and he always wants to win. Now he has won many competitions and becomes a celebrity with fame and glory, so his life is a dream come true.View itView it-11) the attitude2) the talent3) speed4) Formula One5) big guys6) ambitious driversView it-21) speed2) survive3) October4) richest5) track6) bank7) glory8) betterView it-31) seven,72) four,43) everythingSpeaking for communication4-6 Role-playingNote them downNote them down-11) White House2) tomorrow afternoon3) a space flight,a flight into space4) next week5) her husband6) 80, eighty7) three or four,3 or 48) organize9) this weekend10) restaurant service11) French12) Paris13) directions14) bookNote them down-21) A2) A3) B4) A5) B6) B4-7 PresentingGet ideas1) South Wales2) a rock star3) his dream4) drum kit5) write songs6) apart fromOrganize ideas1) We all have dreams in our life. These dreams may be things we want to accomplish, places we want to go, or feats we must attempt. Whatever they are, dreams give us a purpose in life and a meaning to live, and allow us to fight for what we believe in. However, we should not let our dreams control our life and become a slave to them. In fact there are other things we should work for apart from our own dreams, such as our family and our friends. So don't be afraid to let go our dreams if we have to.2) The second quote tells us that we should always strive to attain our dreams in life. Dreams push us to move forward, to struggle, to strive all the time. Without dreams, life is a life without hope;without dreams, we are as lost as a bird which has lost the gift of flight. So follow our dreams and let our ambition fuel us tosurpass our limits. Never quit and always think of different ways to win.1. Pros:1,2,5,6,9,11,132. Cons:3,4,7,8,10,12More practice in listening4-8 More practice in listeningConversationsShort conversations1.B2.B3.C4.D5.DLong conversation1.A2.B3.B4.DPassagesPassages-11.B2.D3.A4.CPassages-21) commentators2) exaggerated3) focus on4) lead an active life5) laid the foundation6) annual7) a series of8) advocating9) abolish10) influentialNewsNews-11.D2.BNews-21.A2.B3.CMoral education4-10 World storyViewing and understanding1) D2) C3) C4) D5) ASpeaking1) endorse2) collaborate3) sponsored4) inspiration5) upside4-11 China talkListening and understanding1) C2) B3) C4) DSpeaking1) the spotlight2) a household name3) renowned4) publicity5) inspiredUnit test4-14 Unit test短对话5题1)C. Often there is a high price to pay for success.2)A. Tim Bcmcre-Lcc deserves the large award.3)C. They both think the tickets arc expensive.4)C. To show that successful ads are often stories with happy endings.5)C. Because she started riding a pony when she was very young.长对话4题6)C. On November 14, 19447)B. His father.8)B. Writing novels.9)A. He died after a long period of ill health.短文理解5题10)B. Modrn America.11)C. He had insight and management ability.12)C. The hopes and fears of ordinary people.13)B. Because his studio made training films for soldiers.14)A.1966.复合式听写10题15) champion16) challenges17) Regardless of18) inspiration19) remarkable20) legendary21) dominance22) appeal in23) aspire to24) magnificentUnit 5 Urban pulseListening to the world5-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about whether people enjoy city life, the good things about living in a city and the main problems in cities.Practice-21) cities2) mix of people3) peace and quietPractice-31) D2) E3) A4) C5) F6) BPractice-41) A2) A3) B4) B5) APractice-51) horribly2) get round3) on the go4) take time out5) missing out6) green transport7) crime8) committing crimes5-3 ListeningUse the skillsUse the skills-11) In my opinion, the important criteria for a good city are safety, affordable housing, sound education and health care system, pleasant climate and environment, abundant leisure and cultural facilities, good public services,and convenient transportation.2) In my opinion, Weihai is the best city for living in China. Located in the east of Shandong Province, Weihai is surrounded by the Yellow Sea in the north, east and south. Weihai is a coastal garden city with a pleasant climate,clean air, beautiful natural scenery, blue sea, soft sand, clean and safe streets as well as small European style residential buildings. It is a modern, up-to-date city that still maintains the charm and atmosphere of a small town.Use the skills-21) shopping2) good nightlife3) safe4) cheap5) terrible6) restaurants7) fantastic8) fast9) green10) crowded11) friendly12) atmosphere13) clean14) safe15) see16) do17) beautiful18) perfect19) culture20) too much5-4 ViewingGet a clue1) The Zimmers are a British rock band. The band is very different from other rock groups in that it is the world's oldest rock band, with the members'combined age exceeding 3,000.2) They recorded a version of The Who's song"My Generation"in the famous Abbey Road Studios, which earned them great popularity on YouTube, and then got invited to appear on America's biggest chat show in Hollywood.View it1) a combined age2) forgotten3) stuck indoors4) felt right5) 16 times, sixteen times6) closure7) meet8) 40, forty9) available online10) Two million,2 millionSpeaking for communication5-6 Role-playingNote them downNote them down-11) a hotel2) The air conditioning3) send someone up4) a restaurant5) 20 minutes, twenty minutes6) the service charge7) busy time8) a train station9) an hour10) wrong type of snowNote them down-21) A2) A3) B4) B5) A6) B5-7 PresentingOrganize ideas参考:CitiesProsConsHigh household income(Rank:3)Low crime rate(Rank:5)Good public transportation(Rank:2) Good cultural atmosphere(Rank:3)High average house price(Rank:2)High unemployment rate (Rank:2)Fewer doctors per 1,000 people (Rank:5) Poor air quality (Rank:1)Reasonable average house price(Rank:3)Comparatively lower crime rate(Rank:3)Good public transportation(Rank:1)Good cultural atmosphere(Rank:2)Low household income(Rank:5)High unemployment rate(Rank:1)Fewer doctors per 1,000 people (Rank:4)Poor air quality(Rank:2)Reasonable population growth rate(Rank:4)Good air quality(Rank:5)Pretty good public ransportation(Rank:4)Good cultural atmosphere(Rank:1)Relatively lower household income(Rank:4)High average house price (Rank:1)Higher unemployment rate(Rank:3)Higher crime rate(Rank:2)Fewer doctors per 1,000 people (Rank:3)High household income(Rank:1)Lower average house price (Rank:4)Lower unemployment rate (Rank:4)Lower crime rate(Rank:4)Good air quality(Rank:4)Pretty good public transportation(Rank:3)Higher population growth rate(may create problems)(Rank:2) Relatively poor cultural atmosphere(Rank:4)High household income(Rank:2)Lower average house price (Rank:5)Low unemployment rate(Rank:5)Less rain(Rank5)Good air quality(Rank:3)High crime rate(Rank:1)Fewer doctors per 1,000 people (Rank:2)Higher population growth rate(may create problems)(Rank:1) Poorer public transportation (Rank:5)Poorer cultural atmosphere(Rank:5)1) The city I recommend is D.high household income;low living expenses (lower house prices);better employment opportunities(lower unemployment rate);better security (lower crime rate);better health care (more doctors per 1,000 people);good air quality (lower PM2.5);pretty good public transportation (higher percentage of the workforce utilizing public transport).More practice in listening5-8 More practice in listeningConversationsShort conversations1.A2.A3.B4.A5.DLong conversation1.A2.A3.D4.BPassagesPassages-11.B2.D3.C4.DPassages-21) join up2) reaction3) makes increasing sense4) sustainable5) aims6) monitored7) access to8) experimenting with9) eye-catching10) commutingNewsNews-11.D2.BNews-21.B2.C3.AMoral education5-10 World storyViewing and understanding1) A2) C3) B4) A5) DSpeaking1) tackling2) sophisticated3) anticipate4) real-time, alternative5) pair up5-11 China talkListening and understanding1) A2) C3) A4) BSpeaking1) dramatic2) combination3) numerous, convenience4) residents5) prosperousUnit test5-14 Unit test短对话5题1) B. The woman probably moved in not long ago.2) C. Shanghai may soon rival Paris and Milan.3) D. She hopes Steve will get some compensation.4) A. It's impossible to change the room.5) B. She's not accustomed to the large building. 长对话5题6) B. The cat is named after a singer called Bo.7) C. He catches various kinds of animals.8) D. He could not walk steadily.9) A. The cat attacked the vet.10) C. He wanted attemtion and love.短文理解5题11)D. Bribery is offering money or favors to influence decision-making.12)C. Because the money offered is for the manager's personal use.13)B. By offering enjoyable vacations.14)D. The prices of goods may get much higher.15)D. The society,复合式听写10题16) widespread17) property18) permeates19) robbed20) victim21) argue about22) contribute to23) population24) remains unsolved25) proposedUnit 6 Climbing the career ladderListening to the world6-2 SharingPracticePractice-1参考:The podcast is mainly about different kinds of jobs people do, their job locations, as well as the best and worst things about these jobs.Practice-21) a researcher2) gets too busy3) relax4) flatPractice-31) B2) B3) A4) A5) B6) BPractice-41) C2) E3) A4) D5) B6) FPractice-5。
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册第三单元b篇原文和翻译（NewHorizonColl..
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册第三单元b篇原文和翻译（New Horizon College English reading and writing course fourth, unit third, B, text and Translation）unit3b盲人帮我看到这个美丽的世界下午晚些时候，我们总部设在曼谷的公司的董事长给了我一个任务：第二天我要陪一个重要的中国商人去泰国北部的旅游景点。
我默默地盯着书桌。
尽管我每周工作七天，但成堆的文件见证了大量的工作要做。
我怎么能赶上？我不知道。
第二天早上坐了一个小时的飞机，我们花了一天时间参观了旅游景点，还有数百名游客，其中大部分都带着照相机和小礼物。
我记得在密集的人群恼怒。
那天晚上，我的中国朋友和我一起登上了一辆包车去参加晚宴和一场演出，我以前参加过很多次。
当他和其他游客聊天时，我在黑暗中和一个坐在我前面的人交谈，他是一个会说流利英语的比利时人。
我不明白他为什么不停地用一种奇怪的角度一动不动地站着，好像在祈祷一样。
然后真相击中了我。
他瞎了。
在我身后有人打开了灯，我可以看到他浓密的银色头发和强壮的方形下巴。
他的眼睛里似乎有一团白雾。
我可以坐在你旁边吃饭吗？”他问道。
我想如果你想描述一点你所看到的爱它。
”“我很乐意，”我回答。
我的客人和新结识的朋友一起朝餐厅走去。
瞎子和我跟着。
我的手托着他的胳膊肘去引导他，但他向前走去，丝毫没有犹豫或弯腰的样子，他的双肩挺直，头高高的，好像在指引着我。
我们找到靠近舞台的一张桌子。
他要了半升啤酒，我点了一份葡萄苏打。
当我们等着喝酒的时候，盲人说：“音乐似乎和我们西方人的耳朵不协调，但它有魅力。
”。
请描述一下音乐家。
”我没有注意到舞台表演的五个人作为演出的介绍。
他们盘腿坐在地毯上，穿着宽松的白色棉衬衫和黑色大裤子，与腰部周围已被染成鲜红色的织物。
三都是年轻人，一个是中年和老年。
一个敲一个小鼓，另一个演奏木制弦乐器，另外三个有小的小提琴状的片断，他们用弓演奏。
大学体验英语1
Unit 3 leasure activity第一部分Listen and Talk听与说参考译文：感谢上帝今天星期五！你课余都有哪些娱乐活动？去参加俱乐部和社团活动？运动？篮球？加入我们吧，朋友！我们是最好的“我爱这项活动！”宁愿呆在宿舍里听音乐？那是什么？超级男孩还是后街男孩？又是我们的聚会时间，结朋识友。
什么？你宁愿去闲逛？无论如何，你不会感到无聊。
2. 听力技巧1) 当几个单个字母连续说出时，一般为某一特殊名称或句子的简略说法，其后紧跟该简略说法的全称，例如本篇听力理解练习中，TGIF为“Thank God It’s Friday!”的简略说法，在网络时代，这样的简略说法尤为多见。
2) clubs and societies, 此处的clubs与其后的and连读，造成此处的听写困难，熟悉and的各种连读方式十分重要。
3) meet与其后的people，make与其后的new连读时出现清辅音的读音失爆。
4) hang out为常用短语，存在连读现象。
Dialogue 1语言注释1.Good to see you could make it. 很高兴你能赶来。
Good to see1 省略了主语it和系动词is，常见于非正式地口语表达“很高兴见到某人或某事”。
2. i n full swing 某事正起劲的、正有声有色地进行；例句：The Spring Festival party is in fullswing. 春节晚会正有声有色地进行。
3.eat sb. out of house and home（常见于口语）把某人吃穷。
4.Want1 or1 ? 想来点……还是……？常用于非正式场合招呼很亲近的家人或朋友吃（喝）东西。
5. I抎like you to meet my sister. She’s visiting for the weekend. 我想让你认识一下我妹妹，她是来度周末的。
2014大学英语四级考试 段落翻译
剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺 术形式之一。 Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. 中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时 期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。 Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
见到自己的敀乡，他想起了童年的情景。 The sight of his native place called back his childhood. 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何错误。 He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.
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Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 样题 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流 行的传统民间艺 术形式之一。中国剪纸有 一千五百多年的历史，在明 朝和清朝时期 （the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特 别 流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别 是在春节 和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门 窗和房间，以增加喜 庆的气氛。剪纸最常 用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴 旺。中国 剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈 赠 外国友人的礼物。 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
relationship of language and culture
People who identify themselves as members of a social group acquire common ways of viewing the world through their interactions with other members of the same group Common attitudes, beliefs, and values are reflected in the way members of the group use language Not only the grammatical, lexical, and phonological features of their language differentiate them from others, but also the topics they choose to talk about, the way they present information, the style with which they interact
The relationship of language and culture
The metaphorical plane –
Discourse communities are characterized not only by facts and artefacts, but by common dreams, fulfilled and unfulfilled imaginings These imaginings are mediated through the language, that over the life of the community reflects, shapes, and is a metaphor for its cultural reality
3高级阅读
高级阅读Passage One：文学评析---- 野性的呼唤A gripping, fast-paced tale of adventure, The Call of the Wild focuses on Buck, a sheepdog stolen from a California farm and transported to the arctic. Buck’s struggle to survive on the arctic trail demonstrates the uncertain nature of life in the wild. Although it is an engaging animal story, the reader cannot help but draw parallels between Buck’s experience and that of humans. The book suggests that environment shapes character, and emphasizes that primitive character—often hidden beneath a layer of civilization—is never lost to the individual. Providing a fascinating glimpse of a way of life that has almost disappeared, the novel suggests that creatures survive best when they adapt to the natural world, rather than trying to impose changes on their environment.The story begins in 1897, at the start of the Gold Rush. The discovery of gold in the Klondike—a region in northwestern Canada—prompted thousands of gold seekers to head for the far north, all of them desperately in need of dogs to pull sleds across the harsh arctic trails. Buck, a large dog who has enjoyed a leisurely life on a California farm, is stolen and shipped to the Yukon. Buck learns to survive in this cruel environment; he begins to discover the primitive knowledge of his ancestors, and in time he responds to the call of the wild. Because the book focuses upon Buck’s experience, the human characters are of secondary importance. Buck is a magnificent dog, part shepherd and part St. Bernard. His superior strength enables him to adapt readily to the northern climate and the harsh demands of his labors. But he possesses one additional quality—imagination. Buck fights with his head as well as his strength. Adaptability is a dominant theme in this novel. In order to survive in the arctic, Buck must learn “the law of club and fang(牙齿)”. Buck is first taught this law by the club wielding sled drivers, who show him that the strongest individuals are the ones who rule. Buck also learns this primitive law from the other team dogs, such as Dave, Solleks, and the vicious team leader, Spitz. From them, Buck learns that he must either bite or be bitten, master or be mastered.1. About this novel, which of the following statement is NOT true?A) The novel focused upon the experiences of a dog named Buck.B) The main theme was to tell its readers the life in the arctic wild.C) The book stressed the influences of environment on character.D) Creatures have to adapt to the changes on environment to survive.2. We can draw from the passage that the “primitive character” within Buck refersto ______.A) Buck’s adaptability to the cruel wild lifeB) the learning of the law of club and fangC) Buck’s ability to fight with head and clawD) becoming the strongest individual to rule3. The story was set primarily in ______.A) Klondike in Canada B) a farm in CaliforniaC) the Yukon D) the wild in California4. Buck learned to survive in the arctic by _______.A) its primitive character B) becoming the strongestC) the law of club and fang D) adapt itself to the cold arctic5. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A) The Call of the Wild is about the relationship between men and dogs in the arctic.B) The Call of the Wild is a story about the wild west during the Gold Rush.C) Buck learned “the law of club and fang” by defeating its enemies.D) Buck managed to survive and became a leader.Passage Two：社会文化---- 家庭中孩子的地位变化The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, is own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration. As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being. This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the soci alization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing. The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A) The Place of Children in United States SocietyB) The Children of Colonial North AmericanC) The Development of Cultural ValuesD) The Child as a Utilitarian Organism2. According to the author, children in colonial North America were mainly valued for their ____.A) academic achievements B) survival instinctsC) physical characteristics D) productive roles3. What can be inferred about formal schooling in colonial North America?A) It was generally required by law. B) It was considered relatively unimportant.C) It was improperly administered. D) It was highly disciplined.4. Which of the following is a possible cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States?A) An increase in technology.B) The growi ng complexity of the child’s psychological needs.C) A decrease in the child’s intellectual capacities.D) The growing number of single parent families.5. According to the passage, parents have become increasingly interested in ______.A) their child ren’s future occupationsB) having smaller familiesC) adoption programs for childless couplesD) child-rearing techniquesPassage Three: 科技---- 互联网Nearly a year after Google's IPO marked the start of a new phase in Web search competition, the upstart is making industry giants Microsoft's MSN and Yahoo! look like also-rans. Google's share of U.S. searches hit 52% in June, up from 45% a year ago, according to Web analytics firm WebSideStory Inc. By contrast, Y ahoo's and MSN's share slipped to 25% and 10% respectively. Says Mark S. Mahaney, an analyst at Smith Barney Citigroup : "People haven't been given a good reason to switch from Google."Does that really matter? The two businesses still attract more total visitors, thanks to their broad offerings of games, music, personals, and much more. Ever-profitable Microsoft Corp. has oodles of cash to lavish on MSN, while Yahoo! Inc. delivered record revenues of $1.2 billion in the first quarter. That's providing the resources to fund new forays into easier-to-use sites and more advanced search technologies.Still, MSN's and Yahoo's search problems could come back to haunt them. Many analysts see search as a crucial entrée for everything else online, where consumers go to begin their travels. Assuming that continues to be the case, MSN's and Yahoo's eroding search shares could slow their growth rate in the future. Research shows that Web surfers increasingly use search as a means to navigate the Web, often in lieu of the URL box -- the space in a browser where users type in a Web address. "From online dating to travel to banking, we see that search is often a starting point for people," says Bonny Brown, director of research at Keynote Systems Inc., which measures the performance of Web sites.Google's search lead, moreover, looks pretty unassailable, at least for now. Despite many studies indicating the near-parity of rival search technologies, changing searchers' habits is more difficult today than in the Web's early days, when surfers hopped from Yahoo to Excite to AltaVista and back. One familiar yet persistent reason for this loyalty is Google'splain home page, which includes just 13 links or so -- less than a tenth of the number at MSN and Yahoo. "People are on a mission when they come to a search site," says Jared M. Spool, founding principal at researcher User Interface Engineering. "The last thing they want to know is what's happening with Tom Cruise."1.What does Mark S. Mahaney mean when he says, "People haven't been given a goodreason to switch from Google."A.MSN and Y ahoo failed to explain the reasons for their slip of shares.B.People would choose Google because its share of U.S. searches rises.C.Surfers are satisfied with the service of Google so far, so they just keep using it.D.Google did best in persuading user to adopt their search engine.2. Of the following statements, which may account for Google’s success, at least for now?A. Google’s home page is far more appealing than the other two.B. Google can more directly meet the demands of the users.C. Google has invested far more funds in its search.D. Google tries to provide everything online for the users.3. What does the word “unassailable ”(Para. 4 L1) probably mean?A. ConvincingB. UnbelievableC. FrighteningD. Undeniable4. Is it possible that MSN and Yahoo will change their unfavorable situation in the competition in the near future?A. Probably yes. Because their search technologies are more advanced.B. Of course they can. Because they have abundant financial resources.C. Probably no. Because they refuse to accept the search as the starting point ofeverything else online.D. Probably no. Because the users’ habits are not so easy to change than in the earlydays.5. What can we infer from those words of Jared M. Spool "The last thing they want to knowis what's happening with Tom Cruise" (Para4, L7-8)A. Tom Cruise is not so popular among those web users.B. Some searches tend to put too much news about Tom Cruise on their homepage.C. Some searches include far too much links on their home page which are disturbing tothe users.D. Tom Cruise shouldn’t be included iin the home page if a search business wants tomake a profit.Passage Four 经济---- 格林斯潘和美国经济For all his vaunted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on. Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his ability to sniff out threats to the economyand manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives.Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers -- and some policymakers inside the central bank itself -- are beginning to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising risks to the economy from a swooning（令人惊讶的）stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper（妨碍）growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to leave interest rates unchanged. But in a rare dissent（反对）, two of the Fed's 12 policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in rates -- Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M. Gramlich.The move by McTeer, the Fed's self-styled "Lonesome Dove," was no surprise. But Gramlich's was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate had voted against the chairman since joining the Fed's board in 1997. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995.Despite the split vote, it's too soon to count the maestro大师of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does indeed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting after congressional elections.So why didn't the traditionally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging（尾随）growth? For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant（有活力的）and has even been turbocharged（增强）recently by a new wave of mortgage refinancing（抵押再融资）. Economists reckon that homeowners will extract some $100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom（暗淡）, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would like.Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table? Hardly. Watch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when they'll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. That's surely no easy feat, but it's one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than once in the past. Don't be surprised if he surprises everyone again.1. Alan Greenspan owes his reputation much to _______________.A. his successful predictions of economyB. his timely handling of interest ratesC. his unusual economic policiesD. his unique sense of dangers2. It can be inferred from the passage that _________________.A. instincts most often misguide the monetary policiesB. Greenspan has lost his control of the central bankC. consensus（一致同意）is often the ca se among Fed’s policy-makersD. Greenspan wouldn’t tolerate such a dissent3. Gramley’s remarks are mentioned to indicate that ___________________.A. Greenspan didn’t rule out the possibility of a future rate reductionB. Greenspan’s monetary policy may turn out to be a failureC. Greenspan’s refusal to cut rates now was justifiedD. Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before the next meeting.4. From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that ____________________.A. economy is now well on its way to recoveryB. economists are uncertain about consumer demandC. corporate performance is generally not encouragingD. businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped5. The author seems to regard Greenspan’s manipulation of interest rates with _____________.A. disapprovalB. doubtC. approvalD. admirationPassage Five 经济---- 原油价格Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled（翻四倍）, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD（经济合作和发展组织）estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation andglobal excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.1. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ____.A. global inflation.B. reduction in supply.C. fast growth in economy.D. Iraq's suspension of exports.2. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ____.A. price of crude rises.B. commodity prices rise.C. consumption rises.D. oil taxes rise.3. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries _______ .A. heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.B. income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.C. manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.D. oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.4. We can draw a conclusion from the text that _____.A. oil-price shocks are less shocking now.B. inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.C. energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.D. the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.5. From the text we can see that the writer seems ____.A. optimistic.B. sensitive.C. gloomy.D. scared.Passage Six 电子商务Ten years ago, Pierre Omidyar, a software engineer working in California’s Silicon Valley, began thinking about how to use the internet for a trading system in which buyers and sellers could establish a genuine market price. Over a long holiday weekend he wrote the computer code. At first, a trickle of users arrived at his website—including his girlfriend, who traded PEZ candy dispensers. By the end of 1995, several thousand auctions had been completed and interest in eBay was growing. And it grew and grew. From this modest beginning, eBay has become a global giant, with around 150m registered users worldwide who are set to buy and sell goods worth more than $40 billion this year.The remarkable tale of eBay’s growth points to some important lessons for any business trying to operate online —and today that includes, one way or another, most firms. The commercial opportunities presented by an expanding global web seem almost limitless. But the pace of change is rapid, and so is the ferocity of competition. To succeed, firms need agility, an open mind and the ability to reinvent themselves repeatedly. Most of all, they need to listen carefully to their customers, paying close attentio n to what they do and don’t want.Such qualities, of course, would be valuable in any kind of business. Yet for online firms they are not a luxury, but necessary for mere survival. This is true for a variety of reasons. The internet is not only growing, but changing rapidly — which, in turn, changes the rules of the game for any business relying on it. The barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses, which means that just keeping track of your existing rivals is not enough. These may not represent the greatest competitive threat tomorrow or the next day. That could come from a number of directions —a firm in a different type of online business; one that does not yet exist; or even from one of your own customers. On top of all this, the behavior of many consumers is constantly changing as well, as individuals discover new ways to shop and interact with each other via the web.All these factors make the internet a dangerous place to do business, as well as one full of promis e. eBay’s history demonstrates both of those things. It is probably safe to say that nothing like eBay could have existed without the internet—or could have grown so fast. Even though there have been signs of the firm’s blistering pace slowing a bit in Ame rica, its most “mature” market, there remain vast opportunities overseas, particularly, some argue, in China. Meg Whitman, eBay’s chief executive, believes the company is still only at the beginning of what it could achieve.1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A．To introduce the founder of eBay and his girlfriend.B．To demonstrate how clever the founder of eBay is.C．To show how eBay started and has grown.D．To introduce eBay to people.2. Which of the following best summarizes Pierre Omidyar’s intention with regard to eBay? A．To set up a global internet business.B．To allow people to freely buy and sell on the internet at acceptable prices.C．To set up a mechanism on the internet to allow people to trade at true market prices. D．To se up a business mechanism for his girlfriend.3. Which of these is it NOT necessary for a company selling on the internet to do?A．Have the most competitive price for each of their online products.B．Be able to change to suit the prevailing market conditions.C．Be prepared to consider all options and alternatives.D．Have a good idea of what their customers do not want.4. What does “barriers to entry are still low compared with those for most offline businesses” in paragraph 3 mean?A．It is easier to set up an internet business than a conventional one.B．Internet trade is growing faster than traditional business sector.C．It is cheaper to set up an internet business than a traditional one.D．Companies generally prefer to do business online rather than offline.5. Why does the article conclude that the internet “is a dangerous place to do business”? A．Because companies that sell online may be unreliable.B．Because there are no controls on doing business on the internet.C．Because doing business online is unpredictable.D．Because even companies like eBay have problems doing business online. Passage Seven 说明文---- 工具的改良Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” i s tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles can not perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph （肌动记器）, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs.This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauer’s first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs for traditional tools have proved his point.1. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?A) Electronic instruments and a regular tool.B) A human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.C) Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”.D) Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.2. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when __________________.A) they are twisted and stretchedB) they are in their normal positionsC) they are tested with a human “guinea pig”D) they are tested with electronic instruments3. A “myograph” (Para. 2, Line 1) is a n electronic instrument that ________________.A) is able to design new toolsB) measures the amount of energy usedC) enable people to see the muscular movementsD) visualizes electrical signals4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.A) a stepladder used to have four legs.B) it is dangerous to use toolsC) a tripod is safer in a tool designD) workers are safer on production lines5. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to _________________.A) improve efficiencyB) increase productionC) reduce work loadD) improve comfortPassage Eight 经济---- 短缺原料的价格Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s availab le resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere—if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.1. What does this passage mainly discuss?A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.B) The value of scarce materials.C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.D) The cost of producing shoes.2. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.C) The value of what could have been produced instead.D) The value of the resources used in its production.。
新世纪大学英语3Unit5课文翻译及单词解析
新世纪大学英语3Unit5课文翻译及单词解析二十一世纪教育的四个支柱雅克·德洛尔面对未来的种种挑战，教育看来是使人类朝着和平、自由和社会正义迈进的一笔不可或缺的财富。
在二十一世纪，教育的作用必须立足于人类对更美好世界的向往。
为此，我们必须正视二十一世纪面临的一些问题，并予以解决。
这些问题是：●全球与局域之间的紧张关系：各国人民在不失其根本的同时，需逐渐成为世界公民。
●传统和现代之间的紧张关系，这和“如何适应变革又不漠视过去”属于同一个问题。
●长远考虑和短期考虑之间的紧张关系。
舆论总是迫切需要迅速得到问题的答案和现成的解决办法，而许多问题却需要从长计议，耐心协调，策略变通方能解决。
教育政策正属于这种情况。
●人类一方面需要竞争，另一方面也关注机会的均等，这两者之间也存在着紧张关系。
这促使我们把三个因素协调起来：具有激励作用的竞争力、产生活力的合作精神以及具有凝聚力的团结精神。
●精神和物质之间的紧张关系。
在不违背每个人的传统和信仰的基础上，激励他们升华自己的思想和精神境界，这是教育的崇高使命。
close站在这个立场上，我们建议，人类需要更加重视作为教育基础的四个支柱之一：学会共同生活。
教育的使命之一是让学生认识人类的多样性，同时还要让他们意识到所有人之间的相似性和相互依存性。
从幼儿开始，学校就应该抓住各种机会进行这一双重教育。
有些学科适合进行这种教育，例如，在基础教育阶段开设人文地理，晚些时候开设外语和外国文学。
为了学会共同生活，我们可以多了解他人、了解他人的历史、传统和精神价值，在此基础上创造一种新的精神，这种精神会激励人们参与共同的项目或者用明智、和平的方式化解不可避免的冲突。
同时，我们也不应该忽视教育的另外三个支柱，它们可以说是学会共同生活的基本要素。
第一是学会认知。
随着科学进步所带来的迅速变革，人类必须重视以下两个方面的结合：一是相当广泛的普通教育；二是就少量精选的学科进行深入研究的可能性。
2the_relationship_between_language_and_culture
The relationship between language and culture What is the relationship between language and culture? Before that, we should first know what language is and what culture nguage is a term most commonly used to refer to so called "natural languages" —the forms of communication considered peculiar to humankind. By extension the term also refers to the type of human thought process which creates and uses language. Essential to both meanings is the systematic creation, maintenance and use of systems of symbols, each referring to concepts different from themselves. A ccording to Goodenough’s (1957:167) well-known definition, “a society’s culture consi sts of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members and to do so in any role that they accept for any one of themselves”. Specifically speaking, this definition implies that culture refers to the patterns of customs, traditions, social habits, values, beliefs and language of a society. However, the word "culture" is most commonly used in three basic senses: excellence of taste in the fine arts and humanities; an integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for symbolic thought and social learning; the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution, organization or group.Recent research revealed that language is closely related to cognition and the cultural settings. Every society has its own culture, which is recorded, reflected and symbolized by its language. Language and culture evolved and developed together, and therefore have been interwoven and mutually dependent throughout their history. Neither of them can exist or develop without the other. Culture consists of the products or civilizations of human society, including language, which is deeply embedded in culture. Culture, to a great extent, manifests itself in patterns of language. Language, as part of culture, probably the most important and essential aspect of culture, plays a very important role in it. Language reflects or mirrors almost all the contents of culture, and hence in a broad sense serves culture as the symbolic representation, for all the knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people's culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in the language of the people. So without language, culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and even shaped by culture. It is well recognized that language is not only a scientific system of linguistic symbols, but also a sociocultural activity. This view can account for the statement that language is culturally transmitted. Cultural transmission is one of the important characteristics of human language.Since the knowledge and beliefs that constitute a people’s culture are habitually encoded and transmitted in the language of people, it is extremely difficult to separate the two. On the one hand, language as an integral part of human being, permeates his thinking and way of viewing the world, language both expresses and embodies cultural reality. On the other hand, language, as a product of culture, helps perpetuate the culture, and the changes in language uses reflect the cultural in return.For many people, language is not just the medium of culture but also is a part of culture. It is quite common for immigrants to a new country to retain their oldcustoms and to speak their first language amid fellow immigrants, even if all present are comfortable in their new language. This occurs because the immigrants are eager to preserve their own heritage, which includes not only customs and traditions but also language. This is also seen in many Jewish communities, especially in older members: Yiddish is commonly spoken because it is seen as a part of Jewish culture.Language is the principal means whereby we conduct our social lives. When it is used in contexts of communication, it is bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways. (Claire, 1998: 3)To begin with, words people utter refer to common experience. They express facts, ideas or events that are communicable because they refer to a stock of knowledge about the world that other people share. Words also reflect their author's attitudes and beliefs, their point of view, which are also those of others. In both cases, language expresses cultural reality.But members of a community or a social group do not only express experiences; they also create experience through language. They give meaning to it through the medium they choose to communicate with one another, for example, speaking on the telephone or face-to-face, writing a letter or sending an email message, reading the newspaper or interpreting a graph or chart. The way in which people use the spoken, written, or visual medium itself creates meanings that are understandable to the group they belong to, for example, through a speaker's tone of voice, accent, conversational style, gestures and facial expressions. Through all its verbal and non-verbal aspects, language embodies cultural reality.Finally, language is a system of signs that is seen as having itself a cultural value. Speakers identify themselves and others through their use of language; they view their language as a symbol of their social identity. The prohibition of its use is often perceived by its speakers as a rejection of their social group and their culture. Thus, we can say that language symbolizes cultural reality.Culture, on the other hand, refers to what has been grown and groomed (from the Latin colure: to cultivate). The words culture evokes the traditional nature/nurture debate. Are human beings mainly what nature determines them to be from birth or what culture enables them to become through socialization and schooling?The process that language and culture impose on nature correspond to various forms of socialization or acculturation. Etiquette, expressions of politeness, social dos and don'ts shape people's behavior through child rearing, behavioral upbringing, schooling, professional training. These ways with language, or norms of interaction and interpretation, form part of the invisible ritual imposed by culture on language users. This is culture's way of bringing order and predictability into people's use of language.From what has been said above, it is not difficult for us to draw the conclusion that we cannot simply say that language is determined by culture or culture is determined by language. They both have an effect on each other. It is impossible to separate them.。
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Function
• Schooling
• a.Firstly, the school is to provide a place where we learn that can accumulate our knowledge .su ch as, the library, reading room, English corner and so on. • b.Secondly, with school teacher's guidance , we students can find our way not only in study but also in the life .It gives us a way to recognize ourselves, a w ay to recognize this world.
• c. Viewing the world is a process of practice. As Lu You said, getting knowledge from books is superficial, you cannot understand the true meaning of knowledge very deeply. If you want to really understand the profound truth in the book, you need to practice. Therefore, through viewing the world, we can give full play to our potential, develop our various talents and thinking capacity, to improve our creative thinking in this whole world.
Schooling and Viewing the World
Relationship
• The relationship between schooling and viewing the world is just like the relationship between world view and methodology .we learn world view from the schooling and use it to guide our methodology, conversely, the methodology embodies the world view. After learning the indirect experience from schooling, we need to transform the theory through viewing the world to become ourselves’ knowledge.
• c. Last but not least, we can make a lot of ne w friends in school. There is no doubt that exchanging of knowledge with friends can get more new knowledge. On the other ha nd, competition and cooperation can accel erate the development of the personal abili ty.
• b. Viewing the world can broaden one’s personal vision, enrich his knowledge and talents. It is also the key point of creativity. Student who has more creative talents, his potential and talents will take a higher step.
• After all, the purpose of practice is to know. Viewing the world can help people broade n knowledge, who view the things from where they are st anding that impressive deeply, not only the theoretical knowledge, but can take full advantage of you.
• Viewing the world
• a.We all know that Interest is the best teacher. Viewing the world plays an important role on stu dy. People find what they e interested in and what they may be good at through viewing the world, which can be the motive power for people to study by themselves. In this way, people would inspire their potential and talents greatly, so that we can say viewing the world can inspire potential and talents.