The Significance of the Hundred Years'war
百家争鸣的意义英文作文
百家争鸣的意义英文作文The Significance of the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy in Ancient China.The Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy, a vibrant period of intellectual and philosophical debate in ancient China, marks a significant milestone in the history of human thought. This era, which occurred primarily during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, saw the emergence of numerous philosophical schools, each with its unique ideas and perspectives. The exchange of ideas among these schools not only enriched theintellectual landscape of ancient China but also had profound impacts on subsequent cultural, political, and social developments.Intellectually, the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy fostered a climate of open inquiry and critical thinking. This period saw the emergence of such influential philosophical schools as Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism,Mohism, and more. Each school advocated its own set of principles and values, leading to lively debates and discussions among scholars. This intellectual ferment encouraged individuals to question existing beliefs and seek new insights, thus promoting intellectual growth and cultural diversity.Culturally, the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy contributed to the formation of distinct Chinese cultural traits. The various philosophical schools, with their unique worldviews and value systems, influenced the development of Chinese literature, art, ethics, politics, and other aspects of society. For instance, Confucianism, which emphasizes morality, humaneness, and social order, has had a profound impact on Chinese society's emphasis on harmony, respect for elders, and the importance of education. Daoism, on the other hand, promotes a philosophy of spontaneity and naturalness, influencing Chinese art, literature, and even philosophy of life.Politically, the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy also had significant impacts. The debates amongphilosophical schools led to the emergence of different political theories and strategies. Legalism, for example, advocated strict laws and centralization of power, which was later adopted by the Qin dynasty to establish a unified and centralized empire. On the other hand, Confucianism advocated a more温和 approach, emphasizing moral governance and the importance of education in shaping citizens. These competing political theories and strategies influenced the rise and fall of dynasties, shaping the political landscape of ancient China.Moreover, the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy fostered a tradition of critical thinking and intellectual independence that has persisted in Chinese culture to this day. The freedom to question and debate in this period encouraged individuals to think critically and creatively, leading to a rich intellectual heritage that has been passed down through the ages. This tradition ofintellectual inquiry and debate has been a driving force behind many cultural and scientific achievements in Chinese history.In conclusion, the Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy represents a pivotal moment in the history of human thought. It fostered a climate of open inquiry and critical thinking that enriched the intellectual landscape of ancient China and had profound impacts on subsequent cultural, political, and social developments. By examining this period, we gain a deeper understanding of the rich and diverse intellectual traditions that have shaped Chinese culture and continue to influence the world today.。
专八翻译真题1995-2013(18年真题)
1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it exc els in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intru des brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
百日誓师作文英语
百日誓师作文英语The tradition of the Bai Ri Shou Shi (百日誓师) ceremony has been a longstanding practice in Chinese culture, dating back to ancient times. This event marks the beginning of a period of intensive training and dedication for individuals seeking to improve themselves in various aspects of their lives. It is a time of commitment, discipline, and hard work as participants set out to achieve their goals and fulfill their aspirations.百日誓师仪式是中国文化中一项悠久的传统，可以追溯到古代。
这个活动标志着一个人开始进行集中训练和奉献自我的时期。
这是一个承诺、纪律和努力工作的时期，参与者们努力实现自己的目标，实现自己的抱负。
For many, the Bai Ri Shou Shi ceremony represents a time of personal growth and self-improvement. It is a chance to challenge oneself, push boundaries, and strive for excellence in all areas of life. Participants may set goals related to physical fitness, academic achievement, personal development, or professional success. The ceremony serves as a symbolic starting point for their journey towards self-realization and fulfillment.对于许多人来说，百日誓师仪式代表着个人成长和自我提升的时期。
百日誓师英语作文100
百日誓师英语作文100The Hundred-Day Covenant: A Time for Reflection and Determination.As we stand on the cusp of the pivotal 'hundred days,' a period known for its intense preparation and unwavering commitment, it is imperative that we, the graduating class of 2023, delve into profound introspection and unwavering determination.The significance of the hundred-day covenant lies in its power to galvanize our spirits, unite our resolve, and forge an unyielding bond of purpose. It is a time when we must cast aside distractions, embrace sacrifice, and dedicate ourselves wholeheartedly to the pursuit of our academic aspirations.As we embark on this rigorous journey, it is essential to reflect upon our motivations, dreams, and the legacy we aspire to leave behind. What drives us to excel in ourstudies? What impact do we hope to make in the world? By revisiting our core values and aspirations, we can find the inner strength to persevere through challenges and seizethe opportunities that lie ahead.Moreover, the hundred-day covenant is a testament tothe collective power of collaboration and support. Together, we form a formidable force, capable of surmounting any obstacle that may arise. By sharing our knowledge, encouraging each other, and holding ourselves accountable, we create an environment conducive to academic success.It is also crucial to acknowledge the unwaveringsupport of our teachers, mentors, and loved ones. Their guidance, encouragement, and belief in our abilities will serve as an invaluable source of motivation throughout this demanding period. Let us honor their support by strivingfor excellence and making the most of the resources at our disposal.As we navigate the challenges of the hundred-day covenant, it is essential to maintain a positive mindsetand an unwavering belief in our abilities. There will be times of doubt and setbacks, but we must not allow these transient obstacles to derail our progress. Instead, we must learn from our mistakes, adapt our strategies, and emerge stronger than before.Furthermore, it is imperative to prioritize self-care and maintain a healthy balance between our academicpursuits and personal well-being. Adequate sleep, regular exercise, and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining focus, reducing stress, and ensuring optimal performance.As the countdown to the高考(gaokao) begins, it is tempting to succumb to feelings of anxiety and pressure. However, it is precisely during these moments that we must remain composed and channel our energies into productive and meaningful activities. Effective time management, efficient study techniques, and targeted revision will empower us to face the challenges ahead with confidence.Ultimately, the hundred-day covenant is not merely a countdown to an exam but a transformative journey that willshape our character and prepare us for the challenges and opportunities that lie beyond. It is a time to embrace growth, forge unbreakable bonds, and lay the foundation for a future filled with purpose and fulfillment.In the spirit of the百日誓师(bairi shi shi), let us pledge to:1. Dedicate ourselves wholeheartedly to our studies and strive for academic excellence.2. Embrace collaboration and support, working together to create a positive and productive learning environment.3. Seek guidance and encouragement from our teachers, mentors, and loved ones.4. Maintain a positive mindset and an unwavering belief in our abilities.5. Prioritize self-care and maintain a healthy balance between academic pursuits and personal well-being.As we embark on this momentous journey, let us draw inspiration from the wisdom of those who have come before us:"The only limits to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today." Franklin D. Roosevelt."Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts." Winston Churchill."The future belongs to those who believe in the beautyof their dreams." Eleanor Roosevelt.Class of 2023, the hundred-day covenant is our opportunity to rise to the challenge, embrace our potential, and create a legacy of excellence that will resonate for years to come. Let us approach this period with determination, unity, and an unwavering belief in our abilities. Together, we will emerge victorious, ready to conquer the challenges and seize the boundlessopportunities that await us.。
长句翻译
长句翻译长句翻译：1.I suppose that if a man has a confused mind he will write in a confuse way, if his temper is capricious his prose will be fantastical, and if he has a quick, darting intelligence that is reminded by the matter in hand of a hundred things, he will, unless he has great self-control, load his pages with metaphor and simile.我认为，如果一个人思路不清，他写文章也不可能写得清楚；如果他喜怒无常，他的文章就会荒诞不经；如果他思想敏捷，由眼前的事情联想到一百件事情，要是不能尽力约束自己，就会在文章里写满各种各样的比喻。
2.In fancy he saw the trustful, pretty creature who was going to join her life into his; saw himself and her stealing for that night, walking over the moor under the moon, he with his arm round her, and carrying her new garments, till, in some far-off wood, when dawn was coming, she would slip off her old things and put on these, and an early train at a distant station would bear them away on their honeymoon journey, till London swallowed them up, and the dreams of love came true.在想象中，他看见了将要和他共同生活的那个信任的美丽的小东西，看见自己和她偷偷地溜出去，在月光下的荒原上走着，他的胳臂挽着她的腰，手里拿着她的新衣服，直走到一个很远的林子里，那里黎明即将到来，她脱掉旧衣，换上新装，然后，在远处的一个车站，一列早班火车把他俩载上蜜月的旅程，直到伦敦吞没了他们，爱情的美梦变成了现实。
英语国家概况
名词解释：1.the dominant American cultureThe dominant American culture is English-speaking, Western European, Protestant and middle-class in character, with the basic cultural values as freedom, equality and desire to work hard for a higher standard of living.美国的主流文化是讲英语的、西欧的、新教的和中产阶级的，他们的基本文化价值观是自由、平等和渴望为更高水平的生活而努力工作。
2.the Bill of Rights in 1791 (USA)When the constitution was first drawn up in 1787, nothing was mentioned about the rights of individuals. Then, in 1791, the first10 amendments, the well-known Bill of Rights, were created, toguarantee citizens of America specific individual rights and freedoms, such as freedom of speech and press and so on.1787宪法第一次起草时，没有提到个人的权利。
然后，在1791，最初的10项修正案，即著名的权利法案成立，以保障美国公民的具体个人权利和自由，如言论自由和新闻自由等。
3.the implication of “melting pot”and “salad bowl”In the early years the United States is often called a “melting pot”for that various racial and ethnic groups are assimilated into the American culture. However, it is regarded as a “salad bowl”nowadays which means that immigrants of different backgrounds mix harmoniously while at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.在早期，美国经常被称为“熔炉”，因为各种种族和族裔群体都被同化到美国文化中。
评价百日誓师大会的英语作文
评价百日誓师大会的英语作文The Significance of the Hundred Days Mobilization RallyThe Hundred Days Mobilization Rally, a momentous event that took place in China, was a powerful demonstration of the nation's unwavering commitment to transformation and progress. This remarkable gathering, which brought together citizens from all walks of life, served as a catalyst for a profound and lasting change that would shape the country's future.At the heart of this rally was a collective spirit of determination and a shared vision for a better tomorrow. The participants, united by a common purpose, pledged their unwavering support for the country's ambitious reform agenda. The energy and enthusiasm that permeated the event were palpable, as individuals from diverse backgrounds came together to voice their aspirations and reaffirm their loyalty to the nation.One of the most striking aspects of the Hundred Days Mobilization Rally was its ability to transcend geographical and social boundaries. People from all corners of the country, from urban centers to rural communities, converged to add their voices to the chorus of change.This remarkable display of unity and national pride underscored the profound impact that such events can have on a nation's collective psyche.Moreover, the rally served as a powerful platform for showcasing the country's determination to embrace a new era of development and prosperity. The speeches delivered by high-ranking officials and prominent figures resonated with the audience, inspiring them to push the boundaries of what was possible and to strive for a brighter future.The significance of the Hundred Days Mobilization Rally extends far beyond the confines of the event itself. It represents a pivotal moment in the nation's history, a time when the people demonstrated their willingness to step up and contribute to the collective effort of transforming their country. The sheer scale and energy of the rally sent a clear message to the world: China was poised to embark on a new chapter of growth and innovation, driven by the unwavering determination of its people.Furthermore, the Hundred Days Mobilization Rally served as a rallying cry for the citizens, a call to action that transcended political and social divisions. It fostered a sense of national unity and purpose, inspiring individuals to take ownership of their country's future and to actively participate in the process of change.The lasting impact of this event can be seen in the tangible progress that the country has made in the years since. The reforms and initiatives that were championed during the rally have been steadily implemented, leading to significant advancements in various sectors, from economic development to social welfare.In conclusion, the Hundred Days Mobilization Rally stands as a testament to the power of collective action and the transformative potential of a nation united in pursuit of a common goal. It was a moment of profound significance, one that continues to inspire and galvanize the people of China as they strive to build a brighter future for their country.。
解放战争 英文教案
Lesson 17 War of Liberation●Educational objectivesKnowledge and abilityEnable students to understand the Chongqing negotiations, full-scale civil war, three major campaigns, peace talks of Peking and the Yangtze crossing campaign and other basic knowledge. Training their competences of analyzing problems and thinking historically. Improving their reading and the skills of solving practical historical problems. Process and methodInstead of interact with students, the teacher will talk mostly to explain the details to students by using pictures, maps , poetries and other resource information to make it easier for students to understand. During the process of the lesson , attention should be paid to mobilize the enthusiasm of the students and cultivate their competence of thinking and analyzing problems on their own. Also , let students grasp some learning strategies, so that they can make conclusions through historical materials, and combine theory with history . What’s more , the lesson should emphasize on inquiry learning and the ability of summarize and interpret objectively.AffectBy teaching the Anti-Japanese War,War of Liberation make students realize that Chinese nation is indomitable and the Chinese Communist Party is a strong core of leadership in order to carry out the people's war of resistance. And strengthen revolutionary traditional education teaching to arouse students’love for Chinese people, motherland and Chinese Communist Party.●Focal pointsSignificance of The Chongqing negotiations, three big battles, the victory of the new democratic revolution.●Difficult pointsThe Chinese Communist Party how to react to Chongqing negotiation of the Kuomintang’s conspiracy “The false peace,real civil war”●Teaching methodsInstead of interact with students, the teacher will talk mostly to explain the details to students by using pictures, maps , poetries and other resource information to make it easier for students to understand.●Procedures【Introduction】After the victory of the Anti Japanese War,great changes have taken place in Chinese domestic form. There are two choices:one is the Kuomintang dictatorship,the other is the path of democracy. As we know that now we are in democracy,so what contributed to this situation,you will find out yourself after lesson 17.I The outbreak of the civil war1 The domestic situation after the victory of the war（1）The change of the domestic principal contradiction：the contradiction between China and Japan has transformed to the contradiction between the Chinese people and Kuomintang reactionaries which supported byAmerican imperialism.( 2 ) The attitudes of the main domestic political forces :The Communist Party--try to strive for peace and democracy Kuomintang--The false peace, real civil war（the pressure from home and abroad; they still need time to get ready for the civil war ）2 The strive for peace from 8,1945 to the summer of 1946( 1 ) Chongqing Negotiation【cooperative inquiry 1】Chiang Kai-shek is only take peace as a pretext to extend time for his preparing for war, but why Mao Zedong still come to Chongqing after Chiang’s telegraph even though he know his true intention--For if Mao Zedong will not show up, it will give Chiang Kai-shek a perfect pretext to start the civil war, however, if Mao come, it gives him sufficient time for him to prepare for the war and force the Communist Party to hand over the the people's army and the Communist regime in Liberation District to achieve unification.①Time: 8,1945②Outcome : the sign of Double Tenth Agreement③Significance :A The Communist Party gain a initiative and win the support of peopleB The Communist Party expands its influence on the Kuomintang areas and inthe democratic partiesC It compels Kuomintang to acknowledge the basic rules of peacefullyfounding China, if Kuomintang breach the agreement and start the civil war itwill in a passive position in politics【cooperative inquiry 2】Since Mao Zedong has seen through Chiang Kai-shek plot , why he risks his life going to Chongqing to negotiate?To expose the Chiang Kai - Shek reactionaries false peace conspiracy, for the early realization of peace and democracy in china.(2) The Political Consultative Conference①Time :1946②Outcome : It reaches some agreement good to people.3 The outbreak of the full-scale war(1) Time: 6,1946(2) The failure of the Kuomintang general attack.(3) The failure of the main attack in Shangdong and Shanxi province in the spring of1947.In 6,1946 the Kuomintang troops attack the central plains embodies theoutbreak of the full-scale war and the beginning og the Liberation War. After eight month the people’s army killed over 7,0000,00 enemies and smashed theintention of Chang kai shek. From 3, 1947 the Kuomintang troops have to alter their plans to focus on Shangxi and Shangdong liberation area.rhetoric question:Why focus on attacking the liberated areas?It means to attack the Communist Party troops from east and west . 【cooperative inquiry 3】why Chinese Communist Party conducts the agrarian reform in theliberation areas ? What is the relationship between the Agrarian Reformand the Liberation War?the Agrarian Reform gives the peasants some land and it promotes their motivation. In return, the peasants join the army and increase the armies fighting ability.II Strategic Counter-Offensive and the Three Campaigns1 strategic counteroffensive【cooperative inquiry 4】Think about the following questions according to what we have learned in this lesson: what’s the mission for our soldiers this year ? What’s the meaning of war inside and outside?Our armies begin fighting back, fighting against the enemies in central plains and retaking the lost land.Outside line -the main force of the the People's Liberation Army attack the Kuomintang Area, it means that the Communist Party begin fighting back.Inside line -the the People's Liberation Army have smashed the attack of the enemies, in this area our troop are in defensive stance.(1) Time: 6,1947(2) Place: central plains(3) Symbol events: In 6,1947 under the leadership of Liu Po-ch'eng and DengXiaoping , the liberation forces cross the Yellow River and come to Ta-PiehMountains, this symbolize the strategic counter offensive begins.2 decisive strategic engagement - the Three Campaigns( 9,1948-1,1949 the Liaoxi-Shenyang Campaign, the Huai-Hai Campaign, beiping-tianjin campaign)According to the three campaigns instruct students to draw a chart like this to help thembetter understand this lesson.the Liaoxi-ShenyangCampaignthe Huai-Hai Campaign beiping-tianjin campaign time 9,1948——1,1949troops The northeast people'sliberation armyCentral and East China's people'sliberation armyThe northeast and northpeople's liberation armyleaders Lin Biao, Luo Rongheng Liu Po-ch'engChen Yi 、Deng XiaopingLin Biao Luo RonghengNieh Jung-chenvictory Killed 470,000 soldiers，liberate the northeastareaKilled 550,000 soldiers，liberatemost of the central plainsKilled 520,000soldiers,liberate the northarearesults of battle: the soldier killed or joined the People Liberation army accounts to150,000, the main strength of Kuomintang are almost killed.III The great victory of the new-democratic revolution1 Beijing negotiations(1) Time :4,1949(2) Reason : Kuomintang’s failure in the field, and Chiang kai-shek issued astatement about seeking peace with the Communist Party in New Year’s Dayof 1949. In order to end the war quickly, realize peace,reduce the pain of the war , the Communist Party agreed to negotiate with the Kuomintang.(3) Result : It reached the Domestic peace agreement, but the representative aredirected not to sign this agreement, so it was turned out a failure.2 The battle to cross the riverOn April 21, 1949 People's liberation army launched a campaign to cross the river, in 23, the people's liberation army occupied Nanjing, it indicate the fall of the regime of the National Government in the mainland and the new-democratic revolution see its victory.3 To fight across the countryMaterials:Capture of Nanjing by the People’s Liberation Army ( 4,1949)Over the purple Mountains sweeps a storm headlong,Our troops have crossed the great river, a millions strong.The Tiger girl with Dragon outshines days gone by,Heaven and earth overturned, our spirits never so high.With our courage unspent pursue the foe overthrown,Do not fish like the Herculean King for renown.Heaven would have grown old were it moved to motions,The world goes on with changes in the fields and oceans.(1) This poem reflects the historic events of the Battle of crossing the river or theoccupation of Nanjing.(2) “With our courage unspent pursue the foe overthrown, Do not fish like the HerculeanKing for renown.” these two lines reflects that we should pluck up our courage and until we finally win the battle.IV Great significance of the victory of the new-democratic revolution (p80-81)Domestic significance:The end of one hundred years of humiliation and the division of history, an independent, unified new China will be born.International significance: It has changed the world political pattern and inspired the oppressed nations and people's to struggle for liberation.The ideological significance: The victory of the Marxism and MAO Zedong thought.Summary :After the victory of Anti-Japanese War,The Kuomintang reactionaries tear up the agreement, resolution, and launched the full-scale civil war, it means the people's liberation war began. In the first year of the Liberation War,the people's liberation army has smashed the Massive Assault and attacks against key sectors . The following year of the Liberation War, the people’s liberation army began to fight back. The decisive year of the third year of the liberation war, the Chinese Communist Party launched three campaigns, and the victory of the campaigns laid the foundation of the liberation all over the mainland. In 12,4, 1949 the people’s liberation army occupied Nanjing, it means the fall of the regime of Kuomintang and the victory of the new-democratic revolution.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Outline
• Influence on France and Britain on the whole. • The war’s effect to France and its people. • The war’s effect to Britain and its people. • The war’s influence on the weapons, war system. • Influence on national emotion
Gunpowder and cannon played significant roles as
early as 1375. The last battle of the war, was the first battle in European history in which artillery was thபைடு நூலகம் deciding factor.
• From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
•
The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
National emotion
The war wake up the people's national consciousness, raised the national spirit.
It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
the war had an enormous impact on the later development of the two countries.It can be said both of the two countries became the centralized countries because of the need of the Hundred Years’ War, which was beneficial for their future development.
• The ruling Normans began to regard England as their home.
• Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
• It advanced the development of Britain’s economy.
• It helped English language to be reestablished as the official language .
• It promoted the formation of British nation-state.
• The Hundred Years' War accelerated the process of transforming France from a feudal monarchy to a centralized state.
• It sped up the decline of feudalism and established an absolute monarchy in England. • It had a huge influence on the growth of sprout of the capitalist productive relationship of Britain.
The new equipment, in fact, the most significant value that was mainly for shooting. So even a large scale application of British longbow, it doesn't work.