2012年河南专升本公共英语语法总汇
2012年河南专升本公共英语必考G-词汇
2012年河南专升本考试G-英语词汇gain 动词：获得，增加名词：增进gallon 名词：加仑gang 名词：一帮，一伙gap 名词：缺口，间隔，差距garage 名词：车库，加油站garden 名词：花园，菜园，公园gardener 名词：园丁，花匠gas 名词：煤气，气体，汽油gaseous形容词：气体的，气态的gasoline 名词：（美）汽油gate 名词：大门，篱笆门gather 动词：集合，聚集，收集gauge 动词：量，测量名词：量器gay 形容词：快乐的，鲜明的gaze 动词：凝视，盯，注视general形容词：总的，一般的名词：将军generally副词：一般地，通常地generate 动词：发生，引起，生殖generation 名词：一代，一代人，产生generator 名词：发电机，发生者generous形容词：慷慨的，宽厚的genius形容词：天才，天赋，天资gentle形容词：和蔼的，轻柔的gentlemen名词：绅士，有教养的人genuine形容词：真的，真正的geography名词：地理，地理学geometry名词：几何，几何学germ 名词：微生物吗，细菌，幼芽German形容词：德国的名词：德国人gesture名词：姿势，手势，姿态ghost名词：鬼，灵魂，鬼魂giant名词：巨人，巨物gift名词：礼物，赠品，天赋glad形容词：高兴的，乐意的glance动词：看一下名词：一瞥glimpse动词：瞥见名词：一瞥，一看globe名词：地球，世界，地球仪glorious形容词：光荣的，壮丽的glory名词：光荣，荣誉的事glove名词：手套glow名词：白热光 动词：发白热光西安装饰西安装修西安装修网西安装修公司西安装饰公司会计网校网校排名西安家装网西安家装公司大连装修网大连装饰glue名词：胶，胶水动词：胶goal名词：球门，得分，目的goat名词：山羊God 名词：神，神像，上帝gold名词：金，钱财形容词：金制的golden形容词：金色的，极好的goods名词：货物，商品goose名词：鹅，雌鹅govern动词：统治，治理，政治governor名词：州长，主管人员grace名词：优美，文雅，雅致graceful形容词：优美的，优雅的grade动词：给…分等级名词：等级gradual形容词：逐渐的，渐进的graduate名词：毕业生动词：大学毕业grain名词：谷物，谷粒，颗粒gram名词：克grammar名词：语法，语法书grammatical形容词：语法上的gramme名词：克grand形容词：宏伟的，重大的grandfather名词：祖父，外祖父grandmother名词：祖母，外祖母grant名词：授给物动词：授予grape名词：葡萄，葡萄藤graph名词：（曲线图）图，图表grasp动词：抓紧，紧握名词：抓grass名词：草，牧草，草地grate形容词：感激的，令人愉快的gratitude名词：感激，感谢，感恩grave名词：坟墓形容词：严重的gravity名词：重力，引力，严重性gray形容词：灰色的名词：灰色grate形容词：大的，伟大的greedy形容词：贪吃的，贪婪的Greek形容词：希腊的名词：希腊人grey形容词：灰色的，名词：灰grind动词：磨碎，磨grip动词：握紧，抓牢名词：紧握grocer名词：食品商，杂货商gross形容词：总的，严重的ground名词：地，场地，根据石家庄装饰 石家庄装修公司 石家庄装修 石家庄装修网 石家庄装饰网 石家庄装饰公司 大连装修公司 大连装修 大连装饰网 大连装饰公司guard动词：守卫，看守名词：卫兵guest名词：客人，宾客，旅客guidance名词：引导，指导，领导guide名词：导游者guilty形容词：内疚的，有罪的gulf名词：海湾gum名词：口香糖，树胶gym名词：体育馆，健身房。
2012年河南专升本公共英语前后缀总结
2012年河南专升本公共英语前后缀总结一、前缀现将最常用的一些前缀（按字母顺序）举例如下：anti- 反对anti-Japanese war抗日战争arch- 主要的 arch-enemy 主要敌人auto- 自动的 automobile 小汽车autobiography自传bi- 双bicycle 自行车bilingual 用两种语言的by- 在旁 bystander 旁观者，by-product副产品co- 共同co-operation合作，co-existence 共处counter- 反counter-attack 反攻，de- 除去，否定decentralization分散，不集中 decode解码 devalue降低价值dis- 否定discover发现disorder混乱，杂乱dislike不喜欢 disagree 不同意en-, em- 使成为 enable使能够，enslave奴役，encourage鼓励ex-前 ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长extra- 外extraordinary非常的，格外的for-, fore- 先，前，预 forward向前，foresee预见，forearm前臂 forecast 预报in-, il-, im-, ir- 不，非 informal 非正式的，incomplete不完全的， irregular不规则的 illegal 非法的 impossible 不可能的inter- 间，相互 interview会见 interact相互作用mal- 恶 maltreat 虐待micro- 微 microscope显微镜mid- 中mid-night半夜， mid-autumn中秋的mis- 误 misunderstand 误会， misuse误用multi- 多 multi-national 多民族的non- 非，不 nonexistent不存在的post- 后于 post-war 战后的 postgraduate研究生pre- 先于 pre-war战前的 preheat 预热pro- 赞成，亲善 pro-American 亲美的re- 重，再，复 review 复习semi- 半semi-final半决赛semiconductor 半导体sub- 下，次 subdivide细分，再分 subway地铁super- 上，超 supermarket超市 superman 超人tele- 远telephone 电话，telescope望远镜，television电视trans-横过，转移transformation改造，translate翻译 transport 运输un- 不 unable不能的unimportant不重要的untrue不真实的uncomfortable不舒服的 uncover揭露 unload卸货uni-一、单 uniform 划一的vice- 副 vice-chairman 副主席二、名词后缀-er人，动作者 fighter战士，worker工人，writer作家，harvester收割机 thinker 思想家-or人，动作者 actor男演员， editor 编辑，conductor导体石家庄装修公司石家庄装修石家庄装修网石家庄装饰网大连装修公司大连装修大连装饰网大连装饰公司-ee （被动） employee雇员 trainee 受训人员-ess女性 actress女演员，princess公主，hostess女主人-eer 人 engineer工程师， volunteer志愿者-ant, -ent人 assistant助手，助教， student学生-ian 人 musician音乐家，technician技术员-ist 人 scientist 科学家 dentist 牙医-man 人 Englishman英国人，postman邮递员-an人 American美国人，Italian意大利人， African非洲人-ese 人，语言Chinese中国人，中文，Japanese日本人，日文-age状态，集合marriage婚姻，shortage缺少，-ance,-ancy性质，状态 importance重要性，significance意义-ation, -ition动作，状态 determination决心，industrialization工业化，preparation 准备-craft技巧，工艺 handicraft手工艺-dom （状态，领界） freedom自由，kingdom王国-ence, -ency（抽象名词） dependence依靠，不独立，excellence卓越-ful 充满 handful一把，armful一抱-hood身份，境遇，状态 childhood童年，likelihood可能性-ity （抽象名词） possibility可能性，capability能力-ment运动，结果movement运动，development发展-ness 状态，性质 kindness和善，carefulness小心-ry, -ery 行为，工作，性质，工作地点，货物种类，境遇等bravery勇敢nursery 托儿所cookery烹调-ship 状态，身分 friendship友谊，hardship苦难-tion 动作，状态attention注意action行动revolution革命-th 性质 warmth温暖 length长度-ty （抽象名词） cruelty残酷， loyalty忠实-ure结果，动作 pleasure快乐，pressure压力三、形容词后缀－able,-ible能够unforgettable难忘的responsible负责的 available 可获得的-al的cultural文化的，national国家的-an （地，人）的Russian 俄罗斯的，俄罗斯人的，American美国的，美国人的-ary 有imaginary 有想象力的secondary 其次的-ant / ent 的 significant 重要的pleasant 令人愉快的 dependent 依赖的consistent一贯的-ed 有，象talented有才华的-en 的golden金色的，wooden木制的-ern （表示方向的） northern北方的，eastern东方的，southern南方的，western 西方的-ese（地，人）的Chinese中国的，中国人的，Japanese日本的，日本人的-ful 充满careful小心的，beautiful美丽的，powerful强有力的-ic, -ical的economic经济的，political政治的，grammatical语法的西安装饰西安装修西安装修网西安装修公司西安装饰公司会计网校网校排名西安家装网西安家装公司-ish 属于，稍微 bookish书本气的，yellowish稍黄的，selfish自私的，childish 幼稚的-ive性，倾向active 积极的， collective集体的 decisive 约定性的-less无fearless无所畏惧的careless不小心的，useless无用的，meaningless 无意义的-like如 childlike儿童般的-ly 品质，的 friendly友好的，weekly每星期的，manly丈夫气的，daily每天的-ous多nervous神经紧张的，dangerous危险的-some引起，适于，易于troublesome烦人的，tiresome（令人感到厌倦的）-ward 向backward落后的-y 充满，性质 rainy雨的thirsty 口渴的 noisy 喧闹的 handy手巧的，便于使用的四、动词后缀-ate isolate使孤立，-en deepen加深，strengthen加强-fy simplify简化classify分类 modify修饰-ize(美语), -ise industrialize工业化 realize 实现5. 副词后缀-ly carefully小心地，beautifully美丽地，quickly迅速地-ward, -wards向forward向前，backward向后，upwards向上，downwards向下-wise方式likewise同样地，otherwise否则，用另一种方式。
河南专升本语法(一)动词时态语态(学生版)
语法（一）—动词时态语态语法考点分析：从句会占到7-9分，非谓语动词6-8分，这两块基本是15分；虚拟语气2-3分；时态与语态（主要是完成时）会有1分或情态动词的完成体1分，主谓一致1分。
从句中，重要考点是定语从句，定语从句会占到从句中3-4分，其中which引导的非限制性定语从句、只能用that引导定语从句必考；然后是名词性从句，其中主语从句中whether 与if 的区别、whoever的用法、that与what、whatever的区别是主要考点；还有that引导的同位语从句；状语从句中主要是as引导的让步状语从句、as(so) long as\unless\in case\since 的含义及用法、 no sooner…than…\ hardly…when…\ not…until…\ however的用法、比较级中的倍数问题等是必考的。
非谓语动词中现在分词与过去分词作状语、定语与表语的区别是必考的重点。
There is no good/use/point/sense doing…, It is no good /use doing…句型、admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, mind, recall, resent, resist,, risk, suggest等动词后跟动名词、分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别虚拟语气，if引导一般虚拟条件句中对过去的假设、用should表虚拟、常用的虚拟语气句型：would rather, had rather, would as soon、It is (high/ about ) time（是……时候了）、动词wish后的虚拟语气、but for, lest, if only后的虚拟语气是重要考点。
主谓一致考点解析：就远法当主语与with, along with, accompanied by, in addition to, together with, including, as well as, like, besides, rather than。
河南专升本英语知识点归纳
河南专升本英语知识点归纳河南专升本英语考试是河南省高等教育自学考试专科升本科阶段的重要组成部分，它考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度和应用能力。
以下是对河南专升本英语知识点的归纳：一、词汇与语法1. 词汇量：掌握3500-4000个基本词汇，包括常用词汇和一些专业词汇。
2. 词性：熟悉名词、动词、形容词、副词等词性的用法和变化规则。
3. 时态：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等基本时态，以及完成时态和进行时态。
4. 语态：理解主动语态和被动语态的区别，并能正确使用。
5. 非谓语动词：掌握动名词、不定式、分词的用法，包括它们在句子中作主语、宾语等成分的用法。
二、阅读理解1. 主旨大意：能够快速抓住文章的中心思想和主题。
2. 细节理解：能够理解文章中的具体信息，如时间、地点、人物等。
3. 推理判断：能够根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，得出合理的结论。
4. 作者观点：能够识别作者的观点和态度，并理解其在文章中的作用。
三、完形填空1. 上下文理解：在完形填空中，能够根据上下文的语境选择合适的词汇或短语。
2. 逻辑关系：识别文章中的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、递进等。
3. 固定搭配：熟悉常用词汇的固定搭配，如动词与介词的搭配。
四、翻译1. 直译与意译：掌握直译和意译的技巧，能够根据上下文选择合适的翻译方法。
2. 语言特点：理解中英文表达方式的差异，注意语言的准确性和流畅性。
五、写作1. 文章结构：掌握英语写作的基本结构，如引言、正文、结论。
2. 论点论据：能够清晰地表达自己的观点，并提供合理的论据支持。
3. 语言运用：使用恰当的词汇、句型和语法结构，使文章表达准确、流畅。
六、听力1. 听力理解：能够理解听力材料的主旨大意和细节信息。
2. 听力技巧：掌握听力技巧，如预测、关键词捕捉等。
结束语河南专升本英语考试不仅考查学生的语言知识，更考查学生的语言运用能力。
希望以上的知识点归纳能够帮助学生更好地准备考试，提高英语水平。
专升本公共英语知识点归纳
专升本公共英语知识点归纳专升本公共英语考试是针对专科生提升至本科水平的英语能力测试，其知识点覆盖广泛，包括语法、词汇、阅读理解、写作和听力等。
以下是对专升本公共英语知识点的归纳总结：一、语法知识1. 时态：掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等基本时态，以及它们的被动语态形式。
2. 语态：理解主动语态和被动语态的区别，并能正确使用。
3. 非谓语动词：熟悉动名词、不定式和分词的用法，包括它们在句子中作不同成分的情况。
4. 从句：掌握名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句的构成和用法。
5. 虚拟语气：了解虚拟语气的构成和在不同情境下的应用。
二、词汇知识1. 高频词汇：掌握考试中常见的高频词汇及其用法。
2. 词义辨析：能够区分近义词和反义词，正确使用。
3. 词根词缀：了解常见的词根、前缀和后缀，通过它们来猜测生词的意思。
三、阅读理解1. 快速阅读：训练快速浏览文章，抓住主旨大意。
2. 细节理解：能够准确找到文章中的细节信息，回答相关问题。
3. 推理判断：根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，做出合理判断。
四、写作技巧1. 文章结构：掌握英语文章的基本结构，如引言、主体和结尾。
2. 论点论据：学会如何提出论点，并给出有力的论据支持。
3. 语言表达：使用恰当的词汇和句型，使文章表达清晰、准确。
五、听力理解1. 短对话：理解对话中的基本信息和隐含意义。
2. 长对话和短文：把握对话或短文的主旨，理解细节信息。
3. 听力技巧：学会预测、捕捉关键词和做笔记等听力技巧。
结束语专升本公共英语考试要求考生具备扎实的英语基础和良好的应试技巧。
通过系统地复习和练习，考生可以提高自己的英语水平，顺利通过考试。
希望以上的知识点归纳能够帮助考生更好地准备专升本公共英语考试。
祝愿所有考生考试顺利，学业有成。
河南专升本公共英语语法主谓一致和强调句
3. —Wasn’t it Dr. Li__D___spoke to you just now?
—Yes, it was.
A. which
B. what
C. where
D. who
75
4. Was it during the Second World War__C___he died?
A. this
句型2：It is/was+not until+被强调部分+that+其他成分 译为：“就是直到，正是直到......”
Eg: It was not until midnight that I fell asleep. It was not until he came back that I left.
A. is；which
B. was；why C. was；that
2. It was__A___he said at the meeting_____disappointed me.
D. were；how
A. what；that
B. that；that
C. what；what D. that；what
③ it 可指不知对方身份的人。 eg. -Who is knocking at the door?
-It must be Tom. (指身75份不明的人)
【课堂同步练习】
7. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but__D___didn’t help.
75
（2）强调句特点：把 it is/was … that / who 去掉后句子依然完整，it is/ was 后跟介词
2012年河南专升本公共英语必考B-词汇
2012年河南专升本考试B-英语词汇baby 名词：婴儿，孩子气的人back 副词：在后；回原处；回background 名词：背景，后景，经历backword 形容词：向后的；向后倒的副词：倒后bacteria 名词：细菌bad 形容词;坏的，恶的，严重的badly 副词：坏，差，严重地bag名词：袋，包，钱包，背包baggage名词：行李bake动词：烤，烘，烧硬balance 动词：使平衡；称ball名词：球，球状物，舞会名词：天平\\ballon名词：气球，玩具气球banana 名词：香蕉，芭蕉属植物band 名词：乐队，带，波段bang 名词：巨响，枪声，猛击bank 名词：银行，库，岸，堤bar名词：酒吧间条，杆，栅barber 名词：理发师bare形容词：赤裸的，仅仅的bargain名词：交易；动词：议论，成交barrel名词：桶，圆筒，枪管barrier名词：栅栏，屏障，障碍base名词：基础，底层，基地basic形容词：基本的，基础的basically副词：基本上basin名词：盆，洗脸盆，盆地basis名词：基础，根据basket名词：篮，篓，筐basketball名词：篮球，篮球运动bath名词：浴，洗澡，浴缸bathe动词：给…..洗澡，弄湿bathroom名词：浴室，盥洗室battery名词：电池，一套，一组battle名词：战役，斗争bay名词：湾，山脉中的凹处动词：作战be动词：是，（存）在，等于，到达，发生beach名词：海滩，湖滩，河滩beam名词：梁，横梁，束，柱bean名词：豆，黄豆bear名词：熊，粗鲁的人bear动词：容忍，负担，生育beard名词：胡须，络腮胡子beast名词：兽，野兽，牲畜beat动词：打，敲，打败beautiful形容词：美的，美丽的beauty名词：美，美丽，美人because连词：由于，因为become动词：变成，成为，变的bed名词：床，床位，圃，河床bee名词：蜂，蜜蜂，忙碌的人beef名词：牛肉，菜牛beer名词：啤酒before介词:在…之前，向…beg动词：乞求，请求begain动词：开始;动词：开始begainning名词：开始，开端，起源behalf名词;利益，维护，支持behave动词：表现，举止，运转behavior名词：举止，行为，态度behind介词：在…后面being名词：存在，生物，生命belief名词：信任，信念，相信believe动词：相信，认为bell名词：钟，铃，门铃，钟声belong动词:附属，属于below介词：在…下面（以下）belt名词：带，腰带，皮带，区bench名词：长凳，条凳，工作台bend动词:弯曲，使弯曲beneath介词：在…下方beneficial形容词：有利的，有益的benefit名词：利益，恩惠，津贴beside介词：在…旁边besides副词：而且；介词除…之外best形容词：最好的，最大的bet动词：打赌；名词：打赌better形容词：较好的；介词：更好的between介词：在…中间beyond介词：在…的那边Bible名词：基督教《圣经》bicycle名词：自行车，脚踏车big形容词：大的，巨大的bike名词：自行车动词：骑自行车石家庄装饰石家庄装修公司石家庄装修石家庄装修网石家庄装饰网石家庄装饰公司大连装修公司大连装修大连装饰网大连装饰公司bill名词：账单，招贴，票据billion数字：万亿（英），十亿（美）bind动词;捆绑，包扎，装钉biology名词;生物学，生态学bird名词：鸟，禽birth动词：分娩,出生，出身birthday名词：生日，诞生的日期biscuit名词：饼干（英），软饼（美）bit名词：一点，一些，小片bite动词：咬，叮，螫，刺穿bitter形容词：痛苦的，严寒的black形容词：黑色的，黑暗的blackboard名词;黑板blade名词：刀刃，刀片，叶片blame动词：责备，把…归咎于blank形容词：空白的;名词：空白blanket名词：毛毯，毯子，羊毛毯blast名词：爆炸，冲击波动词：炸bleed动词：出血，流血，泌脂blend动词：混和;名词：混和blind形容词：瞎的，盲目的block名词;街区；动词：堵塞，阻拦blood名词：血，血液，血统bloom名词：花，开花，开花期blow动词:吹，吹动，吹响blue形容词：蓝色的；名词：蓝色board名词：板；动词：上（船，车等）boast动词：自夸，吹嘘boat名词：小船，艇，渔船body名词：身体，主体，尸体biol动词：沸腾，汽化，煮沸bold形容词：大胆的，冒失的bolt名词：螺栓，插销；动词：闩门bomb名词：炸弹；动词：轰炸bond名词：联结，联系，公债bone名词：骨，骨骼book名词：书，书籍；动词：预定boot名词:靴子，长统靴border名词：边，边缘，边界bore动词：使厌烦，钻，挖born形容词：天生的，出生的borrow动词：借，借用，借人both代名词：两者都bother动词：烦扰，迷惑；名词：麻烦bottle名词：瓶，酒瓶，一瓶bottom名词：底，底部，根基bounce动词：反跳，弹起，跳起bound形容词：一定的，有义务的boundary名词：分界线，办界bow名词：弓，蝴蝶结，鞠躬bowl名词:碗，钵，碗状物box名词：箱，盒动词:拳击，打拳boy名词：男孩，少年，家伙brain名词：脑，脑髓，脑力brake名词：闸，刹车；动词：制动branch名词：树枝，分部，分科brand名词：商标，烙印；动词：铭刻brass名词：黄铜，黄铜器brave形容词：勇敢地，华丽的bread名词：面包，食物，粮食breadth名词：宽度，幅度，幅面break动词：打破，损坏，破坏breakfast名词：早餐，早饭breast名词：乳房，胸脯，胸膛breath名词：气息，呼吸，气味breathe动词：呼吸breed名词：品种；动词：使繁殖breeze名词：和风，微风brick名词：砖，砖块，砖状物bride名词：新娘bridge名词：桥，桥梁，桥牌brief形容词：简短的，短暂的bright形容词：明亮的，聪明的brilliant形容词：光辉的，卓越的bring动词：带来，引出，促使British形容词：不列颠的，英联邦的broad形容词：宽的，阔的，广泛的broadcast名词：广播，播音brother名词：兄弟，同事，同胞brow名词：额，眉，眉毛brown名词：棕色，褐色brush名词：刷子，毛刷,画笔bubble名词：泡；动词：冒泡，沸腾bucket名词：水桶，吊桶build动词：建筑，建立，创立building名词：建筑物，大楼，建筑bulb名词：电灯泡，球状物bulk名词：物体，容积，大批bullet名词：枪弹，子弹，弹丸bundle名词：捆，束，包，包袱burden名词：担子，重担，装载量bureau名词：局，司，处burn 动词：烧，燃烧；名词：烧伤burst动词：使爆裂；名词：爆炸bury动词：埋葬，葬，埋藏bus名词：公共汽车bush名词：灌木，灌木丛，矮树business名词：商业，生意，事务busy形容词：忙的，繁忙的but连词：但是，可是butter名词：黄油，奶油button名词：扣子，按钮；动词：扣紧buy动词：买，购买by介词：在…旁边，被。
2012年河南专升本公共英语
2012年河南省普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语注意事项：答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、考生号涂写在答题卡上。
本卷的试题答案应答在答题卡上，答在卷上无效。
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (1×40)Directions:There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence, and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The police are _____ for the thief in the region now.A. runningB. reachingC. searchingD. charging2. What is the reason for on time?A. not your comingB. you not comeC. your not comingD. you not to come3. The college is planning to offer more English courses to _______ the needs of beginners of English.A. meet withB. meetC. supplyD. satisfy with4. He kept silent, so I couldn’t know ______ he agreed ______ not.A. if; orB. whether; orC. either; orD. neither; nor5. He had never given a speech to so many people, so he felt _______.A. excitingB. stupidC. disappointedD. nervous6. Once you arrive in a new place, you’d better ______ the local custom.A. keepB. makeC. followD. return7. The manner____ which he talked reminded us____ his grandfather.A. on; towardsB. at; inC. for; byD. in; of8. All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that _______ Wenchuan four years ago.A. interruptedB. struckC. knockedD. exploded9. —Our holiday cost a lot of money.—Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter _______ you enjoyed yourselves.A. unlessB. as far asC. as long asD. until10. I didn’t hear____ because there was too much noise where I was sitting.A. what did he sayB. what he saidC. what was he sayingD. what for him to say11. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.A. a; tearB. a piece; tearsC. a; tearsD. a piece of; tear12. ________ you decide to do, you should try to make it a success.A. If onlyB. UnlessC. WhereverD. Whatever13. So loudly _______ that all the people in the room got a fright.A. he shoutedB. shout heC. did he shoutD. he did shout14. Let’s put the matter to the vote and not waste our time arguing about it, ____?A. shall weB. can weC. may ID. will you15. Your children must stop ______ me by asking for candy all day long. I am ______ every day by the slow bus service in this town.A. annoyed; annoyingB. to annoy; annoyingC. annoying; annoyingD. annoying; annoyed16. He _______ by his sister at that moment.A. happened to seeB. was happened to seeC. was happened to be seenD. happened to be seen17. We consider _______ the machine should be adjusted each time it is used.A. that it necessaryB. necessary it thatC. it that necessaryD. it necessary that18. —“ I don’t drink coffee at all.”—“ _______.”A. So don’t IB. I do eitherC. Nor I doD. Neither do I19. He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. which I think itD. I think is20. His fellow workers saw him fall down and blood came out from the open _____.A. woundB. injuryC. hurtD. damage21. She heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart____fast.A. beatB. beatsC. beatingD. beaten22. —You should have thanked her before you left.—I meant _______, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing so23. He is the sort of businessman who would do anything in his____ of profit.A. pursuitB. catchC. graspD. master24. Either of _______ is quite capable of the work.A. girlB. the girlsC. girlsD. the girl25. This treatment works for people of all ages, for the baby ______ for the old man.A. as far asB. as much asC. as long asD. as well as26. I like watching TV____ to the cinema.A. more than to goB. than goingC. more than goingD. rather than to go27. Until then, his family _______ from him for six months.A. didn’t hearB. hasn’t been hearingC. hasn’t heardD. hadn’t heard28. —“Have you finished reading the novel?”—“Not yet. I’m afraid I need____ couple of days to finish it.”A. severalB. anotherC. some otherD. other29. I’d like to see him in my office____ he arrives.A. for the momentB. the momentC. in a momentD. at any moment30. A new technique____, the output as a whole increased by 20 percent.A. working outB. having worked outC. to have been worked outD. having been worked out31. Tom’s bedroom was in a____, for books and papers were here and there.A. litterB. disorderC. rubbishD. mess32. A car_____Jane’s cat and sped away.A. ran overB. ran intoC. ran throughD. ran down33. _______ idea of _______ sounds much better than Clare’s.A. The; hersB. That; herC. That; her’sD. One; her34. I made this myself but it was _______ who taught me.A. heB. himC. himselfD. by him35. It was in the factory_____ you worked five years ago___ you learned the technique.A. that; whereB. where; whenC. where; whereD. where; that36. We must get there before 7 o’clock. That’s____ we have to start so early.A. the reason thatB. the reason for whyC. why thatD. why37. You can only fly to London this eveni ng ___you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. exceptB. providedC. althoughD. where38. _______ looked up in alarm.A. All the present womenB. All the women presentC. The all women presentD. The all present women39. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A. sinceB. whenC. asD. while40. —Do you like the material?—Yes, it _______ very soft.A. is feelingB. feltC. feelsD. is feltPart II Cloze (1×20)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.He has been called the “missing link”. Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world—Mount Everest.He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The 41 of the Snowman has been around for 42 . Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest. The native people said they 43 this creature and called it the “Yeti” , and they said that they had 44 caught Yetis on two occasions 45 none has ever been produced an evidence.Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 46 . In 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest. Shipton believed that they were not 47 the tracks of a monkey or bear and 48 that the Abominable Snowman might really 49 .Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis. But the only things people have ever found were 50 footprints. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than 51 animal tracks, which had been made 52 as they melted and refroze in the snow. 53 , in 1964, a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was 54 and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans. But 55 , no evidence has ever 56 been produced.These days, only a few people continue to take the story of the Abominable Snowman 57 . But if they ever 58 catching one, they may face a real 59 : Would they put it in a 60 or give it a room in a hotel?41. A. event B. story C. adventure D. description42. A. centuries B. too long C. some time D. many years43. A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about44. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably45. A. as B. though C. when D. until46. A. done B. changed C. occurred D. continued47. A. entirely B. naturally C. clearly D. simply48. A. found B. declared C. felt D. doubted49. A. exist B. escape C. disappear D. return50. A. clearer B. more C. possible D. rare51. A. huge B. recent C. ordinary D. frightening52. A. strange B. large C. deep D. rough53. A. In the end B. Therefore C. After all D. However54. A. imagined B. real C. special D. familiar55. A. so B. besides C. again D. instead56. A. rightly B. actually C. normally D. particularly57. A. lightly B. jokingly C. seriously D. properly58. A. succeed in B. insist on C. depend on D. join in59. A. decision B. situation C. subject D. problem60. A. zoo B. mountain C. museum D. laboratoryPart ⅢRea ding Comprehension (2×20)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneI’m a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in the evening, they often ask me to look after their children.Judy’s parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on (溺爱) Judy’s children. They often sent the children presents.Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn’t surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn’t think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no need for me to move, for they hadn’t yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. “Naturally I’m worried about my mother. She has been in poor health.” She smiled sadly and added. “To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We’ll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Mother will be all right living herself, or perhaps they will both change their minds.”That was six months ago. During this time I’ve heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she’s still living alone and I’m still living in the basement room.61. What is the relationship between the speaker and the Carsons?A. He is a brother of Andrew Carson.B. He is a close friend of the Carsons.C. He is a relative of Judy Carson.D. He is a student who pays to live and have meals at the Carsons’ house.62. Why did the speaker expect Mrs. Morris to come to live with her daughter?A. Because Mr. Morris was dead.B. Because Mrs. Morris suffered from illness.C. Because Mrs. Morris lived all by herself.D. Because of all the reasons mentioned in A, B and C.63. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. Mrs. Morris loved her grandchildren very much.B. Judy had no brothers or sisters to look after her mother.C. Mrs. Morris was coming to live with the Carsons, so they asked the speaker to move.D. The Carsons once suggested that Mrs. Morris go to live in a nursing home.64. Why didn’t Mrs. Morris come to live with her daughter’s family?A. Because she did not have a good relationship with her son-in-law.B. Because she did not want to leave her own house.C. Because she was in rather poor health and could not come.D. Because the speaker lived in the basement room and there was no other room for her tolive in.65. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Family Relationships in CanadaB. The BoarderC. My LandladyD. Nursing Homes and the AgedPassage TwoOverhead bridges are found in many parts of Beijing, especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossing the road is dangerous.The purpose of these bridges is to enable pedestrians to cross roads safely. Overhead bridges are used in very much the same way as zebra crossings. They are more efficient although less convenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps. This is inconvenient especially to older people. When pedestrians use an overhead bridge, they do not hold up traffic. However, when they cross a busy road using a zebra crossing, traffic is held up. This is why the government has built many overhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keep traffic moving at the same time.The government of Beijing has spent a large amount of money on building these bridges. For their own safety, pedestrians should be encouraged to use them instead of risking their lives by dashing across the road. Old people, however, may find it a little difficult climbing up and down the steps, but it is still much safer than walking across the road with all the danger of moving traffic.Overhead bridges serve a very useful purpose. Pedestrians, both old and young, should make it a habit to use them. This will prevent unnecessary accidents and loss of life.66. What is the advantage of overhead bridges mentioned in this passage?A. They are safer for pedestrians and can keep traffic moving at the same time.B. Pedestrians can climb up and have a view of the city.C. Taller trucks can pass under them.D. They are easier and more convenient for the pedestrians.67. Why were overhead bridges built in Beijing?A. Because they save money for the government.B. Because they provide an easy way for the drivers to cross the road.C. Because they prevent traffic from being held up.D. Because they save time for the pedestrians.68. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Overhead bridges are found in places where traffic is heavy.B. Overhead bridges are only found in the centre of Beijing.C. Overhead bridges are found in many parts of big cities in China.D. Overhead bridges are found in every part of Beijing.69. The underlined part “a zebra crossing” probably means _______.A. a safe place across a road for older people to rest inB. a wild animal from Africa that looks like a horse with broad dark brown and white stripeson its bodyC. a safe place across a road for zebras to walk across the roadD. a safe place across a road for pedestrians to walk across the road70. What is the writer’s attitude towards overhead bridges?A. It is inconvenient for older people to walk across the road.B. To build overhead bridges is the business of the government.C. An overhead bridge is more beautiful than a zebra crossing.D. It is much safer for pedestrians though climbing up and down the steps may be a littledifficult.Passage ThreeThere was a time when, if a lady got onto a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would immediately stand up and offer her his seat. No more, though. Today, a gentleman will probably look out of the window, or, if he feels a bit guilty, hide behind his newspaper. Either way, the lady will have to stand until someone else gets off.You can’t entirely blame men for this change in manners. The days are gone when women could be referred to as the weaker sex. A whole generation of women has grown up demanding equality with men; not just equality in jobs or education, but in social attitudes. Hold a door open for some women and you’re likely to get an angry lecture on treating women as inferiors (能力低下的人) unable to open door for themselves. Take a girl out for a meal and she’ll probably insist on paying her share of the bill; though on second thoughts perhaps that’s not such a bad idea.It’s no wonder, then, that men have given up some of the gestures of politeness and consideration which they used to show towards women. On the other hand, automatic male (men) politeness is perhaps slowly being replaced by true consideration for the needs of women, so that men can see women as equal human beings.Maybe that’s worth standing in the bus or train.71. Today, when a lady gets on a crowded bus or train, a gentleman would probably ________.A. stand up and offer her his seatB. read his newspaperC. look out of the windowD. not stand up and offer her his seat72. What men do towards women on a crowded bus or train is ________.A. really badB. strange enoughC. not entirely wrongD. entirely wrong73. The new generation of women wants to be ________.A. treated not as the weaker sexB. treated as the weaker sexC. cared for on buses and trainsD. better treated than before74. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT correct?A. Some women may get angry if you open the door for them.B. Girls don’t want you to pay for meal at all.C. Some women may criticize you if you show too much politeness to them.D. A girl may be unhappy if you insist on paying her share of the bill.75. From this passage, we know that________.A. women need true consideration of their needs and feelingsB. men have given up some politeness they used to show to womenC. women often get angry if you’re polite to themD. women should stand in the bus or trainPassage Four“Family” is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinkin g of “family” in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a new and independent family — hence the tremendous importance of marriage in British life.For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one’s parents and starting one’s own life. The man’s first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife’s to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Theirchildren will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife’s parents nor the husband’s, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them —they are their own masters.Readers of novels like Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice will know that in former times marriage among wealthy families was arranged by the girl’s parents, that is, it was the parents’ duty to find a suitable husband for their daughter, preferably a rich one, and by skillful encouragement to lead him eventually to ask their permission to marry her. Until that time, the girl was protected and maintained in the parents’ home, and the financial relief of getting rid of h er could be seen in their giving the newly married pair a sum of money called a dowry(嫁妆). It is very different today. Most girls of today get a job when they leave school and become financially independent before their marriage. This has had two results: a girl chooses her own husband, and she gets no dowry.76. What does the author mean by “ ‘Family’ is of course an elastic word”?A. Different families have different ways of life.B. Different nations have different families.C. Different definitions could be given to the word.D. Different times produce different families.77. For an English family, the husband’s duty is _______.A. supporting the family while the wife is financialB. financial while the wife is running the homeC. defending the family while the wife is running the homeD. independent while the wife is dependent78. Everything is decided in a family _______.A. by brothers and sistersB. with the help of their parentsC. by the coupleD. with the help of aunts and uncles79. What is TRUE concerning the book Pride and Prejudice?A. It is the best book on marriage.B. It is a handbook of marriage.C. It provides a lot of information of former time wealthy families.D. It gives quite some ideas of English social life in the past.80. With regard to marriage in Britain, present day girls differ from former time girls in_______.A. social positionB. more parental supportC. choosing husbandsD. the right to marryPart IV Translation (2×10)Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. Please translate sentences 81-85 from Chinese into English, and translate sentences 86-90 from English into Chinese. Write your answer on theAnswer Sheet.81. 你和同学相处得好吗？82. 使我们失望的是，他没有恪守诺言。
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2012年河南专升本公共英语语法总汇虚拟语气虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。
虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。
以下从五个方面介绍。
1．虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。
表示与现在事实相反的，if 从句用过去式，主句用 would（或 could, should, might）加原形动词。
与过去事实相反的，从句用过去完成时， if 主句用 would （或 could, should, might） +have done 结构。
与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用 should (或 were to)加动词原形，主句用 would 加动词原形。
1）If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.A. had been usedB. had been usingC. being usedD. using根据前面的讲解，正确答案为 A。
2）Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.A. had goneB. could have goneC. would goD. went答案为 B。
与过去的事实相反。
当 if 从句中含有 were, had, should 这三个词时，if 可以省略，主谓倒装。
2．某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide 等表示建议、命令或要求的词。
在这些从句中，谓语形式为 should 加动词原形，should 可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.A. would leaveB. leaveC. leftD. have left答案为 B。
3．在 It is desired(或 desirable), It is important 等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或 should+原形动词。
这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed 等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week, A. comes B. will come C. come D. may come答案为 C。
4．在 would rather, as if/though 以及 wish 后边 that 从句中虚拟语气的运用。
1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next monthfor a dinner.A. comeB. would comeC. cameD. have come答案为 C。
would rather 后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。
2）He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. had knownD. would have know正确答案为 B。
在 as if/though 后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。
本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。
3）You look as if you had seen a ghost. 此句中 as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。
4）I wish I knew his address. 在 wish 后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。
这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。
5）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.A．could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study答案为 C。
在 wish 后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。
5．在 It is (high) time 后边的 that 从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up答案为 B。
虚拟语气专项练习：1. We desire that the tour leader ____________ us immediately of any change in plans.A. informB. informsC. informedD. has informed2. It was proposed that the matter ___________ discussed at the next meeting.A. will beB. wasC. could beD. be3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ___________ on the way.A. goes wrongB. should go wrongC. went wrongD. would go wrong4. It is essential that these application forms __________ back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. will be sentC. are sentD. be sent5. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time____________?A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home6. I’d rather you _____________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.西安装饰西安装修西安装修网西安装修公司西安装饰公司会计网校网校排名西安家装网西安家装公司大连装修网大连装饰A. didn’t’tB. wouldn’t’tC. don’tD. shouldn’t’t7. That tree looked as if it ____________ for a long time.A. hasn’t been wateredB. didn’t’t waterC. hadn’t been wateredD. wasn’t watered8. She didn’t’t go to the party, but she does wish she _____________ there.A. has beenB. had beenC. would have beenD. would be9. ____________ the whole situation, I wouldn’t’t have said it.A. If I should knowB. Had I knownC. If I knewD. were to know10. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______________ here 30 minutes sooner.A. could have beenB. would beC. should beD. had been练习答案： 1-10 ADBDC ACBBA情态动词1.情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。
只有 ought 后面接 to do。
情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。
2．Must+现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。
例：I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. should have hadD. must have had 答案为 D。
3．should (ought to )have done 用来表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。
例：I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phonedC. should have phonedD. should be phoned 答案是 C。
中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电话的。
”4．Could+现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。
例：Mary _____ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour.A. could have boughtB. must have boughtC. can buyD. could buy答案为 A。