山东师范大学2014年《908外语教学理论基础》考研专业课真题试卷
教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题山东师范大学2014年
教育硕士入学考试教育综合真题山东师范大学2014年一、名词解释(每题5分，共20分)1. 综合实践活动答案：综合实践活动是现代教育中的个性内容、体验内容和反思内容，与传统教育片面追求教育个体的发展、共性和知识有所不同，综合实践活动提供了一个相对独立的学习生态化空间，学生是这个空间的主导者，学生具有整个活动绝对的支配权和主导权，能够以自我和团队为中心，推动活动的进行。
在这个过程中，学生更谋求独立完成整个活动，而不是聆听教诲和听取指导。
教师在综合实践活动这个生态化空间里，只是一个绝对的引导者、指导者和旁观者。
其内容主要包括：信息技术教育、研究性学习、社区服务与社会实践以及劳动与技术教育等。
2. 学园答案：柏拉图于公元前388年创立的最早的高等教育机构，学园存在了九百多年，影响深远，其名称“academy”也成为后世学术机构的统称。
学园开设哲学、数学、音乐、天文学等科学，并实行教学和探索思辨相结合，讲授和自由讨论相结合的教育模式，培养了大量人才，成为希腊的哲学和科学中心。
3. 骑士教育答案：骑士教育是中世纪世俗教育的一种主要形式，以培养当时封建制度中骑士阶层的成员为目的。
它也是一种特殊形式的家庭教育，并无专设的教育机构，也没有专职的教育人员。
它在骑士生活和社交活动中进行。
训练骑士的标准是剽悍勇猛，虔敬上帝，忠君爱国，宠媚贵妇。
4. 潜伏学习答案：潜伏学习又称隐匿学习，它是美国心理学家E．托尔曼符号学习理论中的一个重要概念。
是指一种无明显的强化，其结果在一定时间后通过作业才显示出来的学习过程。
潜伏学习在无奖赏时能够发生，但在有需求时才表现出来。
例如，在没有直接奖赏时，收集和储存信息，以备将来之需。
二、辨析题(每题10分，共40分)1. 人的身心发展的不平衡性要求教育要循序渐进。
答案：论述错误人的身心发展的顺序性和阶段性要求教育要循序渐进。
个体的身心发展遵循着一定的顺序性，即个体的发展表现为一个由低级向高级，由量变到质变的过程，个体身心发展的各个具体方面也都表现出一定的顺序。
学科教学(英语)908英语教育理论
天津师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试试题试题名称：英语教育理论专业名称：学科教学（英语）共4页，第1页考生答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他位置无效I.Choose the right word(s) for each blank.(12 points)The principal characteristics of Total Physical Response are the following :*The general objectives of Total Physical Response are to teach _____1_____at a beginning level.*Grammar is taught_________2_________.*_______3_______are(is) the major classroom activity.*The teacher plays a(an)_______4________and________5________role.*Learners have the primary roles of _________6_________and performer.II.Fill in the blanks.(18 points)1.Jack Richards used his own framework to pare particular methods and approaches in language teaching.It includes three aspects.They are ______1_____,__________2_____________,_____________3_______________.2.There are at least three theoretical views of language and the nature of language proficiency.The first is __________4__________,the second is _______5______andthe third is ____________6___________.3.Nevile Grant suggests four alternatives when the teacher decides the textbook is not appropriate.They are:_______7________,replace the textbook with one of the teacher’s own,__________8___________,and________9__________.III.Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.Puta T for true or F for false.(10 points)1.The theory of learning underlying Audiolingualism is behaviorism.2.Reading and listening are the major focus of Grammar-Translation method.共4页，第2页3.Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the target language when using Direct Method.4.munity Language Learning has no syllabus and operates out of what learners feel they need to know.5.The Reform Movement was against the Grammar-Translation Method.6.Interference from the students’ own language is the only reason for making mistakes.7.There are mainly four reading skills students need to acquire:scanning,skimming,Reading for pleasure and reading for detailed prehension.8.The general principle of watching and listening so that teachers can give feedback later concerning students’ mistakes is usually much more appropriate than interrupting them from time to time.9.Total Physical Response was devised by Georgi Lozanov.10.PPP stands for Preparation,Presentation,and Practice.IV.Explain the following terms.(20 points)1.approach2.design3.procedure4.The Natural ApproachV.Answer the following questions.The first five questions are based on the book “How to Teach English”.The last two questions are based on the book “Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching”. (90 points) 1.According to Gardner and Lambert,there are two kinds of motivations.What are they?Please explain.How important is the students’motivation in language learning?(10 points)You should answer this question based on your own understanding and the ideas in the book.2.What questions do we need to ask for each activity we intend to do is the lesson?(10 points)You should answer this question based on the aspects mentioned in the book.共4页，第3页3.Can you list some speaking activities mentioned in the book?Please give a brief introduction of each. (10 points)4.Three types of teaching sequence are mentioned in the book based on the three elements of “ESA”(Engage,Study and Activate).They are Straight Arrows sequence,Boomerang sequence and Patchwork sequence.Draw to show each of them. (4 points)Use the Patchwork sequence to design a reading class based on the following reading material. (16 points)共4页，第4页5. What are the principles behind the teaching of listening? (10 points)6.What issues are teacher roles related to? (10 points)e the framework to analyze the Audiolingual Method. (20 points)。
2014年山东大学英语专题真题
基础英语（一）语言学对定义给出评论1.reference语篇分析里的指代nguage origin给的定义是语言起源于对动物声音的模仿。
3.sentence4suprasegmental feature二 onsetcombination里的组合规则，给了你三组词，让你说出每组词里的组合规则，2.画树形图。
给出的句子是Can you eat it？要求把can的位置转换用箭头标出来。
三.Pair的定义和区分1.bound morpheme and free morpheme2.error and mistake四.ambiguitycan happen at both lexical level and structural level.进行展开说明（二）美国文学一.作品对应作家1.ThePathfinder—James Fenimore Cooper2.TheConfidence Man—Herman Melville3.Out ofthe Cradle Endlessly Rocking—WaltWhitman4.TheTitan—Theodore Dreiser5.CivilDisobedience—Henry David Thoreau6.Tenderis the Night—F.Scott.Fitzgerald7.GoDown,Moses—William Faulkner8.LookHomeward,Angle—Thomas Wolfe9.TheCall of the Wild—Jack London二.Term1.parody2.imagism三.辨认作品及分析The Waste Land“The Burial of the Dead”“Unreal CityUnder the brown fog of a winter dawn,A crowd flowed over London Bridge,so many,I had not thought death had undone so many.”四.Make a commenton the love and the war in A Farewell toArms（三）英国文学一.作品对应作家1.ParadiseRegained—John Milton2.JonathanWild—Henry Fielding3.Ode ona Grecian Urn—John Keats4.MaryBarton—Charlotte Bronte5.MajorBarbara—George Bernard Shaw6.Jude ofObscure—Thomas Hardy7.Lines Composeda Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey—WilliamWordsworth8.ThePortrait of a Young Artist—JamesJoyce10.TheRape of Lucrece—William Shakespeare二.Term1.sentimentalism2.terzarima三.辨认作品及分析When the stars threw down their spears,And water'd heaven with their tears,Did He smile his work to see?Did He who made the Lamb make thee?WilliamBlake“The Tiger”四.为什么《名利场》的副标题是“A Novel without a Hero”实践英语作文是TheAttitudes towards Ups and Downs of Life二外法语四.法译汉题目是TheAllocation Famille,关于法国及欧洲为什么独生子女家庭居多的原因五.汉译法1.在当今社会广告已经成为了人们生活中的一部分，因此很难分清它的好坏利弊。
山东师范大学外国语学院908外语教学《理论基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题
![山东师范大学外国语学院908外语教学《理论基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/dba5d489e2bd960590c677eb.png)
目 录2011年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2012年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2013年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2014年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2015年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2016年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解2011年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解I. Explain the following terms. (共7道小题，每题5分，共计35分)1．Deductive teaching【答案】Deductive teaching is a more traditional form of teaching. In deductive teaching you typically provide information (lecture), share specific examples of the concept or skills being taught, then, allow students to practice the skill being taught. This is a more teacher-centered model of teaching that is rule driven. Some of the positives of this method are that it is time saving and gets to the point of the lesson easily.2．Positive transfer【答案】Positive transfer is where the two habits share common aspects, such the knowing one will help with learning the other. It may help or facilitate language learning in another later situation, and may occur when both the native language and the target language have the same form.3．Reflective teaching【答案】A reflective approach to teaching is one in which teachers and student teachers collect data about teaching, examine their attitudes, beliefs, assumptions and teaching practices, and use the information obtained as a basis for critical reflection about teaching.4．Communicative strategies【答案】Communicative strategies are defined as mutual attempts of two interlocutors to agree on a meaning in situations where requisite meaning strategies do not seem to be shared. From the perspective of error resources, CS is defined as the process of inter-lingual transfer and the context of learning as a learner tries to get a message through to a hearer or reader. 5．Student-centered teaching【答案】Student-centered teaching aims to develop learner autonomy and。
2014考研山大英语专业考研真题
对难度系数有所了解。
三.
改错
Determing how close theoriesapproximate the truth is day-to-day task of science.
四.完形填空
at the turn of,考了 at
五.翻译
翻译汉译英是山大的翻译老师在给山大学生上课时讲过的一段文字，讲黄山，原文是黄山
一.单项选
一共十个，每个一分。
第一题考了一个 steer，后面还有一个虚拟语气的考察，整体不难，专八的词汇足以应付。
二.阅读理解
四篇阅读，一篇五个题，一共二十分。
阅读的难度比 13 年要高，类似于专八的难度，有一篇应该是专八的原题，是讲照相的两种观点，
一种是轻视技术，以照相者为中心。另一种是重视技术的作用。希望大家能找到原题来做一做，
winner, we do not mean one who makessomeone else lose. To us, a winner is one who
responds authentically by beingcredible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both
答案在书上，很详细 （二）美国文学 一. 作品对应作家 要注意考试的顺序是不按照书上的年代顺序来的，是被打乱的，为了防止蒙题的 1.The Pathfinder—James Fenimore Cooper 2.The Confidence Man—Herman Melville 3.Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking—Walt Whitman 4.The Titan—Theodore Dreiser 5.Civil Disobedience—Henry David Thoreau 6.Tender is the Night—F. Scott. Fitzgerald 7.Go Down, Moses—William Faulkner 8.Look Homeward, Angle—Thomas Wolfe 9.The Call of the Wild—Jack London 10.想不起来了 二.Term 1.parody 2.imagism 三.辨认作品及分析 The Waste Land “The Burial of the Dead” “Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many. ” 四.Make a commenton the love and the war in A Farewell toArms （三）英国文学 一.作品对应作家 1.Paradise Regained—John Milton 2.Jonathan Wild—Henry Fielding 3.Ode on a Grecian Urn—John Keats
2016年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年山东师范大学908外语教学理论基础考研真题及详解I. Explain the following terms. (共7道小题，每题5分，共计35分)1. Direct method【答案】The direct method of teaching, which is sometimes called the natural method, and is often (but not exclusively) used in teaching foreign languages, refrains from using the learner’s native language and uses only the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900 and contrasts with the grammar—translation method and other traditional approaches, as well as with C. J. Dodson’s bilingual method. It was adopted by key international language schools such as Berlitz and Inlingua in the 1970s and many of the language departments of the Foreign Service Institute of the U.S. State Department in 2012.2. T eaching techniques【答案】Broadly speaking, teaching techniques are similar to teaching method. A teaching method comprises the principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. For a particular teaching method to be appropriate and efficient it has to be in relation with the characteristic of the learner and the type of learning it is supposed to bring about. Suggestions arethere to design and selection of teaching methods must take into account not only the nature of the subject matter but also how students learn.3. Input hypothesis【答案】Input hypothesis, advanced by Krashen, a famous American applied linguist, in the late 1970s and the early 1980s is an all-round theory concerning second language acquisition. Meanwhile, it is the most influential and controversial theory in second language acquisition research. Such influences still exist till now. Krashen states that language input plays an identical part with LAD. Together with language input, a learner can construct a series of internal expressions of a good language; in other words, construct an independent language system outside the learner’s first language. The Input Hypothesis answers the question of how a language acquirer develops competency over time. It states that a language acquirer who at “level I”must receive comprehensible input that is at “level i+1”. We acquire, in other words, only when we understand language that contains structure that is a little beyond where we are now.4. Reflective teaching【答案】A reflective approach to teaching is one in which teachers and student teachers collect data about teaching, examine their attitudes, beliefs, assumptions and teaching practices, and use the information obtained as a basis for critical reflection about teaching.5. Vocabulary control【答案】The vocabulary control movement, which focused the intellectual energies of the leading figures, played a vital part in the genesis of monolingual learner’s dictionary. The vocabulary control movement reduced the effort required to learn a foreign language by identifying those words which carried the main burden of communication in most everyday encounters.6. Cognitive-code learning【答案】Cognitive-code learning refers to a theory of second language teaching and learning rooted in cognitive psychology and structural applied linguistics developed in the 1960s. The theory emphasizes the central role of the rules of a language as a code. The cognitive-code approach to learning a second language sees it as a study of language as a complex system with the goal of going conscious control of the grammatical, lexical, and auditory patterns.7. Achievement test【答案】An achievement test is designed to measure a person’s level of skill, accomplishment, or knowledge in a specific area. The achievement tests that most people are familiar with are the standard exams taken by every student in school. Students are regularly expected to demonstrate their learning and proficiency in a variety of subjects. In most cases, certain scores on these achievement tests areneeded in order to pass a class or continue on to the next grade level.The role of achievement tests in education have become much more pronounced since the passage of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act. This legislation focused on standard-based education which was used to measure educational goals and outcomes. While this law was later replaced by the 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act, achievement testing remains a key element in measuring educational success and plays a role in determining school funding.Achievement tests are often used in educational and training settings. In schools, for example, achievements tests are frequently used to determine the level of education for which students might be prepared. Students might take such a test to determine if they are ready to enter into a particular grade level or if they are ready to pass of a particular subject or grade level and move on to the next.Standardized achievement tests are also used extensively in educational settings to determine if students have met specific learning goals. Each grade level has certain educational expectations, and testing is used to determine if schools, teachers, and students are meeting those standards.II. Write brief answers to the questions. (共3道小题，每题15分，共计45分)1. How does the functional view look at language and language learning?【答案】The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things. Most of our day-to-day language use involves functional activities: offering, suggesting, advising, apologizing, etc. Therefore, learners learn alanguage in order to be able to do things with it. In order to perform functions, learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions. Examples of notions are the concept of present, past & future time, the expressions of certainty and possibility, the roles of agents, instruments within a sentence, and special relationships between people and objects.The functional or communicative view of language is the view that language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meaning. British linguists developed a system of categories based on the communicative needs of the learner and proposed a syllabus based on communicative functions. The functional view not only sees language as a linguistic system but also a means for doing something.The semantic and communicative dimensions of language are more emphasized than the grammatical characteristics, although there are also included.It views that the target of language learning is to learn to express communication functions and categories of meaning. Some of the language learning approaches and methods based on this view of language are: communicative approaches; functional-notional syllabuses; the Nature Approach.2. What is linguistic competence? What’s its relationship with communicative competence?【答案】Linguistic competence is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning’(Hedge, 2000:46). More specifically, it involves spelling,pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammatical structure, sentence structure, and semantics. Hedge emphasizes that linguistic competence is an integral part of communicative competence and it is wrong to think that communicative language teaching does not aim for high standard of linguistic correctness.The term communicative competence is often used in contrast to Chomsky’s term linguistic competence, which is understood as the tacit knowledge of language structure and the ability to use this knowledge to understand and produce language. For Chomsky, competence simply means knowledge of the language system: grammatical knowledge in other words. However, the above discussion on communicative competence helps us to see that real language use involves far more than knowledge and ability for grammaticality. In Hymes’(1979:15) words, there are ‘roles of use without which the rules of grammar would be useless, which simply means, besides grammatical rules, language use is governed by rules of use, which ensures that the desired or intended functions are performed, and the language used is appropriate to the context. In other words, communicative competence entails knowing not only the language code or the form of language, but also what to say to whom and how to say it appropriately in any given situation. Communicative competence includes knowledge of what to say, when, how, where, and to whom.3. What is the PPP model? For what level learners is it effective?。
907真题(1)山东师范大学2010-2016年考研真题
2010-2013年真题(参考价值不大)一、名词解释1.Deductive teaching2.Positive transfer3.Reflective teachingmunicative strategies5.Student-centered teaching6.Cultural awareness7.Context二、简答1．Why do we say that behaviorism of learning was a powerful influence on the development of the audio-lingual approach?2．What is your understanding of the significance of interlanguage? 3．State briefly the reasons why Error Analysis replaced Contrastive Analysis and the general procedures involved in Error Analysis.三、论述1.Balancing form-focused instruction and meaning-focused instruction.2.The concept of learning styles and its implications for foreign languageteaching.四、Case analysis给一小段课文Develop one pre-listening activity and two types of while-listening. For each activity you develop. Please specify the training purpose.一、Explain the following 7 terms.1.Interlanguage2.Cognitive style3.Affective filtermunicative language teaching5.Top-down information processing6. Action researchnguage aptitude二、Answer the following question briefly.1. How did the behaviorists explain the language learning process?2.What is your understanding of transfer? Please use concrete examples to illustrate learner’s L1 influence on the learning of a foreign language.3.What is your understanding of the relationship between motivation and language learning achievement.三、Writ a discussion on each of the following subjects.1.First language transfer and errors in language learning.2.The “Zone of Proximal Development” theory and its implications for foreign language teaching.四、Case analysis.两段英文对话1.Which text is in authentic language and which is not? Decide and thenstate your reasons.2.Why is authentic material recommended in language teaching class?一、名词解释1.Speech act2.Negative transfer3.Task-based language teaching4.Fossilization5.Syllabus6.Acculturation7.Learning strategies二、简答1.State briefly how Contrastive Analysis was conducted and the usual procedures involved in Contrastive Analysis.2.State briefly the Input Hypothesis and its implications for language teaching.3.What is the interaction hypothesis in language learning?三、论述1.Input and output in foreign language learning.2.Interactive language processing and its implications for the teaching of foreign language reading.四、Case analysis.How to treat student’s errors.2014-2016年真题一定要好好看，最后一个题没有太大参考价值每年考试的内容都不一样。
山东师范大学美术学院908美术教学论[专业硕士]历年考研真题专业课考试试题
![山东师范大学美术学院908美术教学论[专业硕士]历年考研真题专业课考试试题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d9fdea9b5727a5e9846a6153.png)
2015年山东师范大学美术学院909美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题（缺教 材） 2016年山东师范大学美术学院909语文教学论[专业硕士]考研真题 2017年山东师范大学美术学院911美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题 2018年山东师范大学美术学院911美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
2015年山东师范大学美术学院909 美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
（09 语文教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
2017年山东师范大学美术学院911 美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题
2018年山东师范大学美术学院911 美术教学论[专业硕士]考研真题