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奥美晨曦系列微波传感器说明书

OS100 SERIES Mini-Infrared Transmitter e-mail:**************For latest product manuals: Shop online at User’s G ui d e***********************Servicing North America:U.S.A. Omega Engineering, Inc.Headquarters: Toll-Free: 1-800-826-6342 (USA & Canada only)Customer Service: 1-800-622-2378 (USA & Canada only)Engineering Service: 1-800-872-9436 (USA & Canada only)Tel: (203) 359-1660 Fax: (203) 359-7700e-mail:**************For Other Locations Visit /worldwideThe information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.Table of ContentsSection ...................................................................PageSafety Warnings and IEC Symbols (iii)Caution and Safety Information (iii)Section 1 Introduction ....................................................................1-1Section 2Installation ......................................................................1-12.1 Unpacking and Inspection ......................................1-12.2 Electrical Connection ..............................................2-1Section 3Operation ........................................................................3-13.1 Main Board ................................................................3-13.2 Ambient Temperature ..............................................3-23.3 Atmospheric Quality ................................................3-33.4 Measuring Temperature ..........................................3-33.5 Alarm Setting ............................................................3-43.6 Adding Extension Cable...........................................3-4Section 4 Laser Sight Accessory ...................................................4-14.1 Warning and Cautions .............................................4-14.2 Operating the Laser Sight Accessory .....................4-1Section 5 Specifications .................................................................5-15.1 General .......................................................................5-15.2 Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS) ..........................5-2Section 6Emissivity Table .............................................................6-1iTable of FiguresFigure Description Page2-1Power Supply & Analog Output Connections ..........2-12-2 Alarm Output Connection ............................................2-13-1 Main PC Board ...............................................................3-23-2 Sensor..............................................................3-2Housing3-3 Optical Field of View .....................................................3-43-4Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit..................3-43-5Mounting Bracket OS100-MB .......................................3-53-6Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WC ................................3-53-7Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly ...........................3-53-8Air Purge Collar, OS100-AP..........................................3-63-9DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS100-DR ....................3-63-10NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure ....................................3-64-1Laser Sighting Accessory, OS100-LS ............................4-24-2Laser Warning Label ......................................................4-2iiSafety Warnings and IEC SymbolsThis device is marked with international safety and hazard symbols in accordance with IEC 1010. It is important to read and follow all precautions and instructions in this manual before operating or commissioning this device as it contains important information relating to safety and EMC. Failure to follow all safety precautions may result in injury and or damage to your calibrator. IEC symbols DescriptionCaution and Safety Information• If the equipment is used in a manner not specified in this manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.• The installation category is one (1).• There are no user replaceable fuses in this product• The output terminals of this product are for use with equipment (digital meters, chart recorders, etc,) which have no accessible five parts. Such equipment should comply with all the applicable safety requirements.• Do not operate the equipment in flammable or explosive environments.• All connections to the thermometer should be made via a shielded cable, 24 AWG stranded wire with the following ratings: 300V , 105°C (221°F), PVC insulation.• Power must be disconnected before making any electrical connections.• The power supply used to power the thermometer should be VDE or UL approved with the following ratings: 12 to 24vdc @150mA with overload protection of 500mA.iiiCaution, refer to accompanying documentsDirect Current Laser SymbolFrame or ChassisNOTES: ivSection 1 - IntroductionThe low cost OS101 mini-infrared transmitter provides non-contacttemperature measurement for industrial applications. The unit measures atemperature range of -18 to 538°C (0-1000°F) and provides a linear analogoutput of either 4-20 mA, 0-5 VDC, K type TC, 1 mV/°C, or 1 mV/°F.The new OS102 mini-infrared transmitter has all the functions of OS101plus a built-in LED display that shows the measured temperature indegrees F or degrees C which is switchable in the field.The miniature sensor head design 2.5 cm dia. x 6.3 cm Length (1" x 2.5") isideal for measuring temperature in confined, and hard to reach places.The aluminum sensor head as well as the rugged electronic housing (Diecast Aluminum) are NEMA-4 rated.The sensor head is connected to the electronic housing via a 1.82 m (6 feet)shielded cable as standard. The unit provides field adjustable alarmoutput.Section 2 - Installation2.1UnpackingRemove the packing list and verify that you have received all yourequipment. If you have any questions about the shipment, please callCustomer Service at:1-800-622-2378 or 203-359-1660. We can also be reached on the internet:e-mail:**************When you receive the shipment, inspect the container and equipment forany signs of damage. Note any evidence of rough handling in transit.inspection. After examination and removing contents, save packing material and carton in theevent reshipment is necessary.The following items are supplied in the box:• The infrared transmitter including the sensor head and the 1.82 m(6 feet) shielded cable• User's Manual• Mounting Nut1-1The following describes the ordering information:OS102 or OS101 - MA- *,**, where The following optional accessories are available:Here are the Features of OS101 and OS102 infrared transmitters:2.2Electrical Connection Sensor Head Cable - The Sensor head is pre-wired to a 1.8 m (6 feet)shielded cable. Plug & lock-in the male connector to the mating female connector on the aluminum housing.Power & Output Connection - Open the cover of the main aluminum housing. Slide the cable through the strain relief and connect the wires to the terminal block on the board as shown in Fig. 2-1. For Alarm output connection, refer to Fig. 2-2.2-1MA - 4/20 mA output V1 - 0 to 5 VDC output K - Thermocouple output, K type MV - Millivolt output C - 1 mV/°C output F - 1 mV/°F output HT- High temperature sensor head3-1Figure 2-2. Alarm Output Connection Section 3 - Operation3-1Main BoardThe Main Board is shown in Fig. 3-1. Here are the important components on the board:(1) - Terminal Block for Power & Output connections(2) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in tenths (0.x_)(3) - Single Turn Potentiometer to adjust Emissivity in hundreds (0._x)(4) -Slide switch to select between real time (Normal Operation) and alarm set point(5) - Alarm set point adjust, P4(6) - Sensor Head connection(7) - Input Zero adjust, P3(8) - Input Span adjust, P2(9) - Output Zero adjust, P5(10) - Output Span adjust, P6Figure 3-1. Main PC Board3.2Ambient TemperatureThe Sensing head can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 70°C (32to 158°F). The Sensing head in the high temperature model (-HT) can operate in an ambient temperature of 0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F) without any cooling required. The Sensing head can operate up to 200°C (392°F) using the water cool jacket accessory OS100-WC (See Fig. 3-6).There is a warm up period of 3 minutes after power up. After the warm up period, temperature measurement can be made.When the ambient temperature around the sensor head changes abruptly,the sensor head goes through thermal shock. It takes a certain amount of time for the sensor head to stabilize to the new ambient temperature. For example, it takes about 30 minutes for the sensor head to stabilize going from 25°C to 50°C (77 to 122°F) ambient temperature.The sensor head dimensions are shown in Fig. 3-2.Figure 3-2. Sensor Housing3-23-33.3Atmospheric QualityEnvironments with smoke, dust, and fumes dirty up the optical lens, and cause erroneous temperature readings. To keep the surface of the optical lens clean, the air purge collar accessory is recommended, OS100-AP , See Fig. 3-7.3.4Measuring TemperatureBefore starting to measure temperature, make sure that the following check list is met:ߜ The power and analog output connections are made (Fig. 2-1).ߜThe sensor head is connected to the main unit.ߜThe slide switch (SW1) on the main board is set to real time (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe target is larger than the optical field of view of the sensor head (Fig. 3-3).ߜThe emissivity adjustment on the main board is set properly (Fig. 3-1).ߜThe output load is within the product specification.On OS102 transmitters, follow these additional steps:ߜ The temperature display is set to °F or °C (Fig. 3-4)ߜ For 4-20mA output models, make sure an output load is added, ie. 250ohms.Figure 3-3. Optical Field Of ViewFigure 3-4. Setting the Temperature Engineering Unit3.5Alarm SettingThe unit provides 0-100% alarm set point adjustment. Here is an exampleof an alarm setting.• An OS101-MA(4/20 mA output), the alarm is to be set at 400°Ftemperature.• Connect the alarm output as shown in Fig. 2-2.• Set the slide switch (SW1) on the main board to the Alarm position.• Measure the analog output, and set the Potentiometer P4 until theoutput reads 10.4 mA which is 40% (400°F) of the temperature range.40 x (20-4)[10.4mA=+ 4]100• Set the slide switch (SW1) back to the Real Time position.• If the temperature reading is below the alarm set point, the alarmoutput stays high, otherwise it goes low.On the OS102, you can set the alarm set point directly based on thetemperature display.3.6Adding Extension CableYou can add extension cable between the Sensor Head and the mainelectronic housing up to 15.2 m (50 feet). After adding the extension cable,the Zero input potentiometer, P3 may be re-adjusted. (See Fig. 3-1, forproper analog output reading)The following figures show the mounting bracket (OS100-MB), Watercooling jacket (OS100-WC), Air purge collar (OS100-AP), DIN RailMounting adapter (OS-100-DR), and the main aluminum enclosure. TheDIN Rail Mounting adapter (OS100-DR) is mounted to the bottom of themain aluminum enclosure using two 4-40 screws.A typical water cool jacket assembly is shown in Fig. 3-7, on the following page.1. Mounting Nut2. Mounting Bracket3. Water Cool Jacket4. Sensor Head3-4Figure 3-5. Mounting Bracket OS100-MBFigure 3-6. Water Cooling Jacket, OS100-WCFigure 3-7. Typical Water Cool Jacket Assembly3-5Figure 3-8. Air Purge Collar, OS100-APFigure 3-9. DIN Rail Mounting Adapter, OS-100-DRFigure 3-10. NEMA-4 Aluminum Enclosure3-6Section 4 - Laser Sight Accessory4.1Warning and Cautionsbelow:•Use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified here may result in hazardous radiation exposure.• Do not look at the laser beam coming out of the lens or view directly with optical instruments - eye damage can result.• Use extreme caution when operation the laser sight accessory • Never point the laser accessory at a person • Keep out of the reach of all children4.2Operating the Laser Sight AccessoryThe laser sight accessory screws onto the front of the sensor head. This accessory is only used for alignment of the sensor head to the target area.After the alignment process, the accessory has to be removed from the front of the sensor head before temperature measurement.The laser sight accessory is powered from a small compact battery pack (included with the accessory). Connect the battery pack to the accessory using the cable provided. Aim at the target, and turn on the battery power using the slide switch on the battery pack. Adjust the sensor head position so that the laser beam points to the center of the target area. Turn off the battery pack, and remove the laser sighting accessory from the sensor head. See Fig. 4-1 for reference.4-14-2Figure 4-2. Laser Warning LabelSection 5 - Specifications5.1 - GeneralTemperature Range-18 to 538°C (0 to 1000°F)Accuracy @ 22°C (72°F)±2% of Rdg. or 2.2°C (4°F) whichever is ambient temperature & greateremissivity of 0.95 or greaterOptical Field of View6:1 (Distance/Spot Size)Repeatability±1% of Rdg.Spectral Response 5 to 14 micronsResponse Time150 msec (0 to 63% of final value)Emissivity Range0.1 to 0.99, adjustableOperating Ambient TemperatureMain Transmitter0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Sensor Head0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)Sensor Head (-HT Model)0 to 85°C (32 to 185°F)Sensor Head with OS100-WC(Water Cooling Jacket)0 to 200°C (32 to 392°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingWater Flow Rate for OS100-WC0.25 GPM, room temperatureThermal Shock About 30 minutes for 25°Cabrupt ambient temperature change Warm Up Period 3 minutesAir Flow Rate for OS100-AP 1 CFM (0.5 Liters/sec.)Power12 to 24 VDC @ 100 mAAnalog OutputsMV-F 1 mV/°FMV-C 1 mV/°CK K Type TC - OS101 onlyMA 4 to 20 mAV10 to 5 VDCOutput Load requirementsMin. Load (0 to 5VDC) 1 K-OhmsMax. Load (4 to 20 mA)(Supply Power - 4 )/20 mATransmitter Housing NEMA-4 & IP65, Die Cast AluminumSensor Head Housing NEMA-4 , AluminumAlarm Output Open Drain, 100 mAAlarm Set Point0 to 100% , Adjustable via P4Alarm Deadband14°C (25°F)5-15-25.1 - General Con’t.DimensionsSensor Head25.4 OD. x 63.5 mm L(1" OD. x 2.5" L)Main Housing, OS10165.5 W x 30.5 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 1.2" H x 4.54" L)Main Housing, OS10265.5 W x 55.9 H x 115.3 mm L(2.58" W x 2.2" H x 4.54" L)Weight 272 g (0.6 lb)5.2Laser Sight Accessory (OS100-LS)Wavelength (Color)630 - 670 nm (Red)Operating Distance (Laser Dot)Up to 9.1 m (30 ft.)Max. Output Optical Power Less than 1 mW at 22°F ambienttemperature.European Classification Class 2, EN60825-1/11.2001Maximum Operating current45 mA at 3 VDCFDA Classification Complies with 21 CFR 1040.10,Class II Laser ProductBeam Diameter 5 mmBeam Divergence< 2 mradOperating Temperature0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Operating Relative Humidity Less than 95% RH, non-condensingPower Switch ON / OFF , Slide switch on the BatteryPackPower Indicator Red LEDPower Battery Pack, 3 VDC (Consists of two 1.5VDC AA size Lithium Batteries) Laser Warning Label Located on the head sight circumferenceIdentification Label Located on the head sight circumferenceDimensions38 DIA x 50.8 mm L(1.5" DIA x 2" L)Section 6 - Emissivity Table6-1Material Emissivity (ε)Aluminum – pure highly polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.04 to 0.06Aluminum – heavily oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.20 to 0.31Aluminum – commercial sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09Brass – dull plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.22Brass – highly polished, 73.2% Cu, 26.7% Zn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.03Chromium – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08 to 0.36Copper – polished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Copper – heated at 600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.57Gold – pure, highly polished or liquid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.04Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 to 0.38Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished cast iron. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.21Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– oxidized dull wrought iron . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rusted iron plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.69Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– polished steel oxidized at600°C (1112°F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.79Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rolled sheet steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.66Iron and steel (excluding stainless)– rough steel plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.94 to 0.97Lead – gray and oxidized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.28Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.09 to 0.12Molybdenum filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.10 to 0.20Nickel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Nickel – oxidized at 649 to 1254°C (1200°F to 2290°F). . . . . . . . . . . 0.59 to 0.86Platinum – pure polished plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05 to 0.10Platinum – wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07 to 0.18Silver – pure and polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.02 to 0.03Stainless steel – polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07Stainless steel – Type 301 at 232 to 942°C (450°F to 1725°F). . . . . . . 0.54 to 0.63Tin – bright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.06Tungsten – filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.39Zinc – polished commercial pure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.05Zinc – galvanized sheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.23M E T A L S6-2Material Emissivity (ε) Asbestos Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 Asphalt, tar, pitch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 1.00 Brick– red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Brick– fireclay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.75 Carbon– filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.53 Carbon– lampblack - rough deposit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.78 to 0.84 Glass- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.85 to 0.95 Marble– polished light gray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.93 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– aluminum paints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.27 to 0.67 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– flat black lacquer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.96 to 0.98 Paints, lacquers, and varnishes– white enamel varnish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Porcelain– glazed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.92 Quartz– opaque . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.68 to 0.92 Roofing Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.91 Tape– Masking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.95 to 0.96 Wood– planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.90 NONMETALSNOTES:6-3NOTES: 6-4OMEGA’s policy is to make running changes, not model changes, whenever an improvement is possible. T his affords our customers the latest in technology and engineering.OMEGA is a trademark of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.© Copyright 2017 OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. All rights reserved. T his document may not be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of OMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.FOR WARRANTY RETURNS, please have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. P urchase Order number under which the product was PURCHASED,2. M odel and serial number of the product under warranty, and3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.FOR NON-WARRANTY REPAIRS, consult OMEGA for current repair charges. Have the following information available BEFORE contacting OMEGA:1. Purchase Order number to cover the COST of the repair,2. Model and serial number of the product, and 3. Repair instructions and/or specific problems relative to the product.RETURN REQUESTS/INQUIRIESDirect all warranty and repair requests/inquiries to the OMEGA Customer Service Department. BEFORE RET URNING ANY PRODUCT (S) T O OMEGA, PURCHASER MUST OBT AIN AN AUT HORIZED RET URN (AR) NUMBER FROM OMEGA’S CUST OMER SERVICE DEPART MENT (IN ORDER T O AVOID PROCESSING DELAYS). The assigned AR number should then be marked on the outside of the return package and on any correspondence.T he purchaser is responsible for shipping charges, freight, insurance and proper packaging to preventbreakage in transit.WARRANTY/DISCLAIMEROMEGA ENGINEERING, INC. warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 25 months from date of purchase. OMEGA’s WARRANTY adds an additional one (1) month grace period to the normal two (2) year product warranty to cover handling and shipping time. This ensures that OMEGA’s customers receive maximum coverage on each product.If the unit malfunctions, it must be returned to the factory for evaluation. OMEGA’s Customer Service Department will issue an Authorized Return (AR) number immediately upon phone or written request. Upon examination by OMEGA, if the unit is found to be defective, it will be repaired or replaced at no charge. OMEGA’s WARRANT Y does not apply to defects resulting from any action of the purchaser, including but not limited to mishandling, improper interfacing, operation outside of design limits, improper repair, or unauthorized modification. T his WARRANT Y is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of having been damaged as a result of excessive corrosion; or current, heat, moisture or vibration; improper specification; misapplication; misuse or other operating conditions outside of OMEGA’s control. Components in which wear is not warranted, include but are not limited to contact points, fuses, and triacs.OMEGA is pleased to offer suggestions on the use of its various products. However, OMEGA neither assumes responsibility for any omissions or errors nor assumes liability for any damages that result from the use of its products in accordance with information provided by OMEGA, either verbal or written. OMEGA warrants only that the parts manufactured by the company will be as specified and free of defects. OMEGA MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WHATSOEVER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, EXCEPT THAT OF TITLE, AND ALL IMPLIED W ARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY W ARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE HEREBY DISCLAIMED. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY: The remedies of purchaser set forth herein are exclusive, and the total liability of OMEGA with respect to this order, whether based on contract, warranty, negligence, indemnification, strict liability or otherwise, shall not exceed the purchase price of the component upon which liability is based. In no event shall OMEGA be liable for consequential, incidental or special damages.CONDITIONS: Equipment sold by OMEGA is not intended to be used, nor shall it be used: (1) as a “Basic Component” under 10 CFR 21 (NRC), used in or with any nuclear installation or activity; or (2) in medical applications or used on humans. Should any Product(s) be used in or with any nuclear installation or activity, medical application, used on humans, or misused in any way, OMEGA assumes no responsibility as set forth in our basic WARRANT Y /DISCLAIMER language, and, additionally, purchaser will indemnify OMEGA and hold OMEGA harmless from any liability or damage whatsoever arising out of the use of theProduct(s) in such a manner.Where Do I Find Everything I Need forProcess Measurement and Control?OMEGA…Of Course!Shop online at TEMPERATUREM U Thermocouple, RTD & Thermistor Probes, Connectors,Panels & AssembliesM U Wire: Thermocouple, RTD & ThermistorM U Calibrators & Ice Point ReferencesM U Recorders, Controllers & Process MonitorsM U Infrared PyrometersPRESSURE, STRAIN AND FORCEM U Transducers & Strain GagesM U Load Cells & Pressure GagesM U Displacement TransducersM U Instrumentation & AccessoriesFLOW/LEVELM U Rotameters, Gas Mass Flowmeters & Flow ComputersM U Air Velocity IndicatorsM U Turbine/Paddlewheel SystemsM U Totalizers & Batch ControllerspH/CONDUCTIVITYM U pH Electrodes, Testers & AccessoriesM U Benchtop/Laboratory MetersM U Controllers, Calibrators, Simulators & PumpsM U Industrial pH & Conductivity EquipmentDATA ACQUISITIONM U Communications-Based Acquisition SystemsM U Data Logging SystemsM U Wireless Sensors, Transmitters, & ReceiversM U Signal ConditionersM U Data Acquisition SoftwareHEATERSM U Heating CableM U Cartridge & Strip HeatersM U Immersion & Band HeatersM U Flexible HeatersM U Laboratory HeatersENVIRONMENTALMONITORING AND CONTROLM U Metering & Control InstrumentationM U RefractometersM U Pumps & TubingM U Air, Soil & Water MonitorsM U Industrial Water & Wastewater TreatmentM U pH, Conductivity & Dissolved Oxygen InstrumentsM3572/1217。
差式扫描量热仪(DSC-3)的使用、清洁、维护保养标准操作规程

差式扫描量热仪(DSC-3)使用、清洁、维护保养标准操作规程1 制定目的为使QC操作人员、维保人员能够正确使用、清洁、维护保养仪器,使仪器良好运行,保证检测结果准确可信,特制定本操作规程。
2 适用范围本操作规程适用于差式扫描量热仪(DSC-3)的使用、清洁和维护保养。
3 职责3.1 QC负责按照本操作规程对仪器进行使用、清洁、日常维护和保养。
3.2 QA及管理人员负责监督其实施情况。
4 规程细则4.1 仪器结构4.1.1 本仪器由DSC炉体、样品封压机、氮气系统、计算机系统组成。
4.1.2 差示扫描量热法,一种热分析法。
在程序控制温度下,测量输入到试样和参比物的功率差(如以热的形式)与温度的关系。
差示扫描量热仪记录到的曲线称DSC曲线,它以样品吸热或放热的速率,即热流率dH/dt(单位毫焦/秒)为纵坐标,以温度T或时间t为横坐标,可以测定多种热力学和动力学参数。
4.2 仪器使用操作4.2.1 仪器开机及状态检查4.2.1.1 打开氮气阀,确认输出压力为0.14MPa(20Psi)左右。
4.2.1.2 打开仪器电源开关,仪器开始自检,大约两分钟后,仪器前面的绿色指示灯亮,自检完成。
4.2.1.3 打开电脑。
点击桌面上“仪器控制图标”,完成连机。
4.2.1.4 点击“控制”下拉菜单中的“转至待机温度”,大约十五钟后可以开始实验或校准。
4.2.2 样品要求4.2.2.1 干法测试要求样品处于疏松状态的粉末,样品应干燥、无结块现象。
4.2.2.2 称样品3到5毫克平放在样品盘底部,用模具轻压,将样品密封在盘中。
4.2.2.3 取一空样品盘,用模具轻压,密封,作为参比盘。
4.2.3 测试4.2.3.1 将样品放置在样品端,将参比盘放置在参比端。
4.2.3.2 确保仪器联机。
4.2.3.3 在“SUMMARY”中,点击“MODE”下拉菜单选择“CALIBRATION”。
4.2.3.4 在“SUMMARY”中,点击“TEST”“drop-down菜单”选择“CELLCONSTANT”。
低温DSC仪器实验流程

C80仪器实验操作
小六角扳手0.9的是拧腔体上盖的固定六角螺栓使用的,0.2的是搅拌杆 上面齿轮位置固定时使用的。 超声清洗器用完,内侧要将水擦净,注射器用完,盖子盖紧用胶带缠上, 再倒入垃圾桶,防止清理人员被扎伤。 仪器在长时间后,要清理擦拭一下,现在最多拆到上腔体,将仪器上盖 擦拭吹干,上腔体套管擦拭吹干,中间的绝热板用干净的纸将脏东西擦 出来,注意不要将东西弄到腔体里面,一旦进去了用钩子勾出来,不要 弄坏一起。 仪器运行时,不要再碰仪器,尤其是搅拌浆的上部,触摸或者跳动都有 影响。 请大家爱惜仪器,总结规律后填在操作里,祝大家科研成功。
低温DSC仪器实验操作
将塑料环轻轻拧在机顶盒喷口处,将液氮管水平对准,轻轻顶入,当顶 到头时拧紧塑料环,有固定螺栓将管子固定住,再看看管子头是否顶到 头部(否则还是充液氮慢,漏气,漏气时,先将充液氮停止,用吹风机 吹热喷口,再顶到头,固定,冲洗充液氮)。将三个线插好。 打开电脑,将普氮高氮氦气阀打开,观察三个气体的余量和输出量(普 氮管充液氮,不够时充不上液氮,长时间实验一定要注意,2-3够冲完液 氮和测完铟和环己烷的;高氮和氦气管气帘和稳定炉内的,高氮也很费 ,关机前烘六小时,注意高氮量;氦气用的极少,能用很久,少的时候 ,可以通过仪器炉体后面的白管插入乙醇里看气泡,开始实验时不要这 样,影响热流极大)打开炉子,机顶盒,要按顺序来,最后打开软件, (如果开机没有上状态栏,在重启一次,直到出现为止;如果先打开软 件在开炉子,软件右侧会显示断开,无法开始调节温度),将气帘和炉 子加热点上,将右侧温度一栏输入30℃,点go to temperature,打开仪 器盖,转开,将炉盖放在称量纸上,不要放在加热盘上,会短路,检查 有没有没取出来的样品盘,按操作关上,炉盖如果没对好,用尖镊子夹 出来,全程用套筒,防止上盖掉进电路板上。
DSC编程

DSC编程手册PC585主机:*85555 (进入编程)00100 01 03 05 11 16 # (防区属性)(防区类型;延时防区为01或02,即时防区为03,内部在宅出外为05,24小时防区为11或16,空防区防区为00)101~132# (检测5灭)(检测强制布放关闭项,具体防区个数视情况而定)005*** *** *** *** (进入退出延时)(进入延时1)(进入延时2)(退出延时)(响铃时间)006更改安装原码(要求各个公司建立自己的安装原码,切记不要外泄)007更改主管理员密码(系统默认1234)*5 + 管理员密码+ **(编号)+ 新密码(创建多个用户密码,**为01~32个访问账号)013 6灭(关闭警铃跟随)0157灭(关闭电话线检测)301中心电话*666 (注*6清除电话末尾无用数字)310 用户账号(4为数账号)36003 03 (向中心通讯格式)(03为CID格式,04为SIA格式)370003 003 003 003 003 003 001 (通信变量)(编程中前6位003为编程补位,第7位001为测试传输周期)371**** (每天测试传输时间)(规定每天中午的12:00测试,即编程编为:371 1200)7023灭(切换为以天计算)4011亮2亮3灭4灭.(1亮:启用远程编程;2亮:用户可开启远程编程;3,4灭:禁用回拨)3813灭7灭(第二通讯器代码)(3灭:SIA发送自动回复代码04:CID使用自动回复代码)701 1灭2亮(1灭:60HZ AC;2亮:内部石英振荡器开启,此项编程为防止断电时钟丢失)703020 (拨号延时)(此项编程是为防止信息上传慢,或中心不能收到当天布撤防报告等问题)#退出编程,完成所有编程,60秒后开始工作辅助编程:1. 输入时间和日期*6 管理员密码 1 时分月日年例如:2013年3月7日00点07分*6 1234 1 00 07 03 07 132. 恢复出厂值:*8 5555 999 5555 999当键盘1防区显示开路,即完成复位PC1616/1832主机:*85555 (进入编程)00100 01 03 05 11 16 (防区属性)(防区类型;延时防区为01或02,即时防区为03,内部在宅出外为05,24小时防区为11或16,空防区防区为00)101~132(检测5灭)(检测强制布放关闭项,具体防区个数视情况而定)005*** *** *** (进入退出延时)(进入延时1)(进入延时2)(退出延时)09*** # (警铃响铃时间)006更改安装原码(要求各个公司建立自己的安装原码,切记不要外泄)007更改主管理员密码(系统默认1234)*5 + 管理员密码+ **(编号)+ 新密码(创建多个用户密码,**为01~32个访问账号)013 6灭(关闭警铃跟随)0157灭(关闭电话线检测)301中心电话*666 (注*6清除电话末尾无用数字)310中心账号*66 (系统账号)311四位账号(子系统Ι账号)35003 03 (向中心通讯格式)(03为CID格式,04为SIA格式)377003 003 003 003 003 003 001 (通信变量)(编程中前6位003为编程补位,第7位001为测试传输周期)378**** (每天测试传输时间)(规定每天中午的12:00测试,即编程编为:378 1200)7023灭(切换为以天计算)4011亮2亮3灭4灭5灭6亮(1亮:启用远程编程;2亮:用户可开启远程编程;3,4,5灭:禁用回拨功能;6亮:3000波特率)(第二通讯器代码)(3灭:SIA发3813灭7灭送自动回复代码04:CID使用自动回复代码)701 1灭2亮(1灭:60HZ AC;2亮:内部石英振荡器开启,此项编程为防止断电时钟丢失)703020 (拨号延时)(此项编程是为防止信息上传慢,或中心不能收到当天布撤防报告等问题)#退出编程,完成所有编程,60秒后开始工作辅助编程:*1 旁路*8 安装员编程*2 故障显示*9 + 用户密码*3 报警记忆显示(无进入延时布放)*4 门铃功能开关*0 快速布放/快速推出*5 用户密码编程*6 用户功能编程*7 命令输出。
风云三号卫星微波湿度计数据处理与系统控制的冗余设计方案

风云三号卫星微波湿度计数据处理与系统控制的冗余设计方案孙茂华;郑震藩;张升伟;蓝爱兰
【期刊名称】《遥感技术与应用》
【年(卷),期】2007(22)2
【摘要】微波湿度计是风云三号卫星重要载荷之一,其中数据处理与系统控制单元是控制系统工作状态、数据采集和数据交换的核心部件,该单元的可靠性和安全性对微波湿度计至关重要。
结合神舟四号多模态微波遥感器的研制经验,对冗余设计中通用的设计方案进行了分析和比较,详细介绍了风云三号卫星微波湿度计数据处理与系统控制所采用的冗余设计方案的选择依据、基本原理和特点。
通过风云三号卫星微波湿度计的实际应用,该方案的可行性与可靠性得到了充分验证。
【总页数】5页(P147-151)
【关键词】微波湿度计;数据处理与系统控制;冗余设计
【作者】孙茂华;郑震藩;张升伟;蓝爱兰
【作者单位】中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TP732.1
【相关文献】
1.风云三号A星微波湿度计数据处理与应用 [J], 何杰颖;张升伟
2.风云三号卫星微波湿度计天线驱动控制 [J], 孙茂华;何宝宇;张升伟
3.风云三号卫星微波湿度计的扫描角偏差订正 [J], 官莉;陆文婧
4.风云三号卫星微波湿度计成功完成在轨运行二年考核 [J],
5.移动通讯信号对星载微波辐射计的影响分析——以风云三号气象卫星微波湿度计为例 [J], 黄莹珠;张升伟
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
脉冲幅度测量新方法

脉冲幅度测量新方法
巨小宝;山燕妮
【期刊名称】《电讯工程》
【年(卷),期】1998(000)004
【摘要】本文介绍了一种利用31/2位数字电压表芯片ICL7107精确测量脉冲幅度的新方法。
【总页数】4页(P38-41)
【作者】巨小宝;山燕妮
【作者单位】不详;不详
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TM935.43
【相关文献】
1.基于数字电压表的单次脉冲幅度精确测量方法 [J], 陈曙光;谭金玉
2.基于数字电压表的单次脉冲幅度精确测量方法 [J], 陈曙光;谭金玉;
3.数字电压表的单次脉冲幅度精确测量技术研究 [J], 赵云丽
4.数字电压表的单次脉冲幅度精确测量技术研究 [J], 赵云丽
5.一种低成本便携式脉冲幅度测量装置 [J], 徐昕;吉莎杉;
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
《Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉的发光性能研究》范文

《Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉的发光性能研究》篇一一、引言近年来,随着光电技术的快速发展,近红外荧光粉在众多领域如光电子显示、生物成像、光电传感等展现出重要的应用价值。
其中,石榴石结构近红外荧光粉因其优异的物理化学性质和丰富的色彩再现能力,备受科研工作者的关注。
本文旨在研究Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉的发光性能,以期为相关领域的应用提供理论支持。
二、材料与方法1. 材料制备本实验采用高温固相法合成Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉。
主要原料包括氧化铝、氧化钆、氧化硅等。
将原料按照一定比例混合,经过球磨、干燥、预烧等工序后,在高温下烧结成所需的荧光粉。
2. 实验方法本实验采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等手段对合成样品的物相结构、微观形貌等进行表征。
此外,采用紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计测试样品的发光性能,分析Cr3+的掺杂浓度对荧光粉发光性能的影响。
三、结果与讨论1. 物相结构与微观形貌通过X射线衍射分析,我们发现合成的样品具有典型的石榴石结构,与标准谱图吻合。
扫描电子显微镜图像显示样品呈现均匀的颗粒状,颗粒尺寸分布较为集中。
2. Cr3+掺杂浓度对发光性能的影响实验结果表明,Cr3+的掺杂浓度对荧光粉的发光性能具有显著影响。
随着Cr3+浓度的增加,样品的近红外发光强度先增大后减小,呈现出浓度猝灭现象。
这主要是由于随着Cr3+浓度的增加,离子之间的相互作用增强,导致能量传递效率降低。
当Cr3+浓度适中时,发光强度达到最大值。
3. 发光性能分析近红外荧光粉的发光性能主要表现在发光颜色、发光强度和半峰宽等方面。
本实验中,Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉具有较高的发光强度和较小的半峰宽,显示出优异的发光性能。
此外,样品的发光颜色可通过调整Cr3+的掺杂浓度进行调控,满足不同应用领域的需求。
四、结论本研究通过高温固相法成功合成了Cr3+激活石榴石结构近红外荧光粉,并对其发光性能进行了系统研究。
佳乐科仪变频器说明书

目录第1章序言 (4)1.1特别需要注意的事项 (5)1.2安全注意事项标志 (5)1.3警告标签 (5)1.4开箱检查 (6)1.5产品搬运 (6)1.6产品保存 (6)1.7产品保修 (6)第2章产品概述 (7)2.1JR1000综合技术指标 (7)2.2变频器铭牌说明 (8)2.3变频器系列型号 (9)2.4变频器各部件名称说明 (11)第3章安装 (11)3.1安装环境 (11)1页3.2安装方向与空间 (12)3.3多台变频器安装 (12)3.4变频器外形尺寸 (12)第4章配线 (13)4.1外围设备的连线图 (13)4.2主回路接线端子图 (14)4.3主板控制端子 (14)4.4控制端子说明 (15)4.6标准连接图 (18)4.7主回路的连接 (18)4.8控制回路的连接 (20)第5章操作面板及操作方法 (21)5.1操作面板说明 (21)5.2操作流程 (24)5.3运行状态 (25)5.4快速调试 (26)5.5试运行 (27)第6章详细功能说明 (29)2页6.1主要功能参数 (29)6.2驱动对象参数 (39)6.3矢量控制参数 (40)6.4V/F控制参数 (41)6.5附加功能参数 (43)6.6PID控制参数 (47)6.7多段速控制参数 (51)6.8保护功能参数 (52)6.10输入端子功能参数 (58)6.11输出端子功能参数 (65)6.12人机界面参数 (67)6.13485通讯参数 (72)6.14补充参数项 (75)第7章 MODBUS通讯协议 (77)7.1协议内容 (77)7.2应用方式 (77)7.3总线结构 (77)7.4协议说明 (78)7.5通讯帧结构 (78)7.6命令码及通讯数据描述 (82)3页第8章故障对策 (96)8.1变频器故障诊断和纠正措施 (96)8.2电动机故障和纠正措施 (100)第9章保养与维护 (102)9.1基本维护和检查方法 (102)9.2定期检查项目 (103)9.3变频器易损件更换 (104)9.4变频器的保修 (104)第10章周边设施选用及配置 (104)10.1制动电阻配置表 (104)10.2断路器、电缆、接触器规格 (107)10.3输入交流电抗器、输出交流电抗器、直流电抗器规格 (108)第12章附录 (110)功能参数简表 (110)第1章序言非常感谢您使用JR1000 系列通用矢量变频器!4页1.1特别需要注意的事项1、在安装本变频器时,请用规定的螺丝固定安装在金属板上!2、实施接线前,务必切断电源!3、变频器内部的电子元件对静电敏感,因此不可将异物置入变频器内部或用手触摸主电路板及元件!4、切断交流电源后,变频器内部部分器件仍有高压余电,请勿触摸内部电路及零件,以防电击!5、变频器调速接地端子务必正确可靠接地!6、绝不可将变频器输出端子接到电源!7、在长时间不使用时,请务必切断电源!1.2安全注意事项标志标志标志意义标志说明危险指出潜在的危险情况,如果不避免,可能会导致人身伤亡!警告指出潜在的危险情况,如果不避免,可能会导致人身轻度或中度的伤害和设备损坏。
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The molecules of hydrogen get closer and closer with the pressure. 随着压力增加,氢分子越来越近。 译文中添加了“增加”二字,这样才符合原文 的逻辑意义。如不增词而译成“随着压 力,氢分子越来越接近”,其意思就不明确。 这里,with pressure 就内含“压力增加”的 意思。所以,在译文中添加“增加”二字是忠 实于原文的。 由此可见,翻译时增词是出于意义上、语法上、 修辞上或逻辑上的需要,也是翻译中必不可少 的技巧之一。
六.增加关联词,使译文符合思维逻辑
• 1) The concentration of carbon dioxide in the air being only 0.03 per cent, carbon is • amassed into the compass of the plant from a large volume of air. • 因为空气中二氧化碳的密度只有万分之三,所 以聚集在植物内部的碳是从周围极大体积的空 气中得来的。 • 增译:根据原文的意思,前半句与后半句有因 果关系,故添加“因为”、“所以”四 • 字,使译文符合思维逻辑,顺畅而自然。
transition development processing preparation tension backwardness modesty brutality assimilation contraception anti-violence sympathy
演变过程 开发工程 加工方法 准备工作 紧张局势 落后状态 谦虚态度 残暴行为 同化作用 避孕措施 防暴措施 同情心理
• 3) They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new building. • 他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛从的白桦树和 看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住宅。 • 增译:将原文的复数名词groves译成“一丛 从”,将rows, 译成“一排排”,使译文增加修 辞效果。
• 2) Sounds are classified into two kinds: sonic and ultrasonic. • 声波分为两类,即普通声波与超声波。 • 增译:原文sonic and ultrasonic后没有sound, 译文中必须加上“声波”二字。 • 3) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. • 勇敢过度即成逞能,感情过度即成溺爱,节俭过 度即成贪婪。 • 增译:原文中两处省略了becomes, 译文应补上 “即成”二字。
九.增加带解释性的词
• 1) We can draw from these facts no other deduction than this, that there is in the structure a unit of pattern containing copper, sulphur, and oxygen atoms in the same proportions as that in which they occur in the molecule. • 从这些事实,我们只能得出这样的结论:每一个 硫酸铜单位晶格中所含有的铜、硫、氧这三种元 素的原子数的比例,和每个硫酸铜分子中这三种 元素的原子数的比例,二者是相一致的。 • 增译:上例中“这三种元素”和“二者”都是添 加的概括词,这样一加,译文便显得更加清晰明 了。
• 3)“Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality”, he said. • 他说:“谁也不能指望他会采取克制或 讲道理的态度。” • 增译:在restraint (克制) 和rationality (道理) 两个名词前分别加上“采取”和 “讲”两个动词。
• 增译:译句中加上了形容词“活生生”三字。如 译成“他不也是人吗?”就显得文理不顺,读之 平淡生硬。 • 3)It must have been surprising to see a little girl working at a high table, surrounded by maps and all kinds of instruments. • 看到一个小女孩趴在堆满地图和仪器的高桌上聚 精会神地工作时,谁也会感到惊讶。 • 增译:如原文“…see a little girl working at…” 译为“看到一个小女孩……工作时”,就显得很 平淡,在“工作时”前边加上“聚精会神地”这 一副词,就跟“感到惊讶”相匹配,这就大大加 强了译文的修辞效果。
• 2) Science demands of men great effort and complete devotion. • 如果我们不使用增词技巧,这句话很可能直译 为“科学需要人们巨大的努力和无限的热爱。” 显然这是不通顺的中文。要想把这句话译得通 顺,我们不妨运用增词技巧,在“科学”、 “努力”和“热爱”三个名词此前分别加上三 个动词,译为: • 人们要掌握科学,必须做出巨大的努力并对之 怀有无限的热爱。又如:
• 2) Oxidation will make metals rusty. • 氧化作用会使金属生锈。 • 具有动作意义的抽象名词,翻译时可 根据上下文在其后面增添适当的名词, 使译文更合乎规范。如上句中 oxidation (氧化)译成化学中规范的用 语“氧化作用”就比较贴切。类似这 样的抽象名词在翻译时都可以这样处 理。如:
三.在名词前后增加动词
• 1) My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. • 我干工作,我做家务,我有朋友往来,这些占去 了我的全部时间。 • 根据意义上的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词, 如果把上句译为“我的工作,我的家庭,我的朋 友占去了我的全部时间”,意思似乎不够明确。 如果在名词之前增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的 动词,译为“我干工作,我做家务,我有朋友往 来,”形成三个动宾词组,那就意思明确,符合 汉语习惯。再如:
• 4) This victory in polemics means the victory of civilization over ignorance, of science over superstition and of truth over falsehood. • 这次论战的胜利意味着文明对愚昧的胜利,科学 对迷信的胜利,真理对谬误的胜利。 • 增译:原文中在第二和第三个of前均省略了 victory一词,故在译文中应补上“胜利” 二字。
Chapter 5
•Amplification •增词技巧在英译汉中 的应用
• 英汉两种语言由于词法结构、语法结构和 修辞手段的差异,在翻译过程中,往往出 现词的添加和减少的现象。初学译事者, 一般都过于拘泥,既不敢变换词性和句型, 更不敢增词减字。译者也许还以为保持原 文和译文的词量相等就是“忠实于”原文。 然而那译文却意义含混,毫无生气。增词 的目的,或是为了补足语气,或是为了连 接上下文,有时则是为了避免译文意义含 混。这当然不是无中生有的随意增词,而 是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。 试看下面一例:
• 3)“According to Dr. John,” he said, the patient’s life is still in danger. The first aid must be rendered as soon as possible.” • “根据约翰大夫的诊断,”他说,“这位患者的 生命仍然处于危险之中,必须尽快采取急救措 施。” • 英语中引用一个人的语录、文章、发言、意见, 常用“according to +人名”,“from +人名”, “by + 人名”,如“according to Dr. John”, 是指约翰大夫对病情的诊断,但译成汉语时,必 须加词,如果直译为“根据约翰大夫”,则不符 合汉语的习惯。再如:
• 2) If X is equal to Y, X plus A equals Y plus A. • 若X = Y, 则X + A = Y + A。 • 增译:在译文中加上“则”这个关联词, 使这个数学表达式一目了然。
• 3) It was the best of times, it was ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้he worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity. • 这是一个昌盛之世,但也是一个衰败之世;这是 一个智能的时代,但也是一个愚蠢的时代;这是 一个充满信仰的新纪元,但也是一个充满怀疑的 新纪元。 • 增译:上例中,三个“但也”是加上去的,不加 则前后句连接不起来,译文中不作鲜明的对比, 则显不出这个时代充满的种种矛盾。
五.添加形容词或副词,增加修辞效果
• 1)Inflation has now reached unprecedented level. • 通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前严重的地步。 • 如此句不加形容词“严重”二字,则译句成了 “通货膨胀已经发展到空前的地步。”显然,此 句的意思不如前句那样鲜明突出。 • 2) And Homer! Is not he likewise human? Even Homer may sometimes nod. To err is human. • 荷马!他不也是“活生生”的人吗?即使荷马也 有打盹的时候。过失人皆难免。