宝马i3 W20发动机新技术剖析(四)
中波技术手册
《中波广播发射台理论基础与实践技术手册》介绍【作者】庄涛【出版社】光明日报出版社【索书号】 ISBN 978-7-5112—6624-8【字数】 488千字(427页)【馆藏地点】样本书库【定价】 120元内容简介《中波广播发射台理论基础与实践技术手册》一书,是专门为中波广播发射台站值机员、技术人员编写的一本实用书籍，目的是为提高中波发射台值机员的业务理论知识和实际操作技能，为技术培训、职业技术鉴定提供科学、规范的依据。
本书内容涵盖了中波广播发射台值机员及技术管理人员应知应会的理论性知识和实践性知识。
全书共十二个章节,分别是：广播发展简史、中波广播理论综述、中波发射台概况、电工电子技术、仪器仪表的操作、信号源系统、DAM全固态数字调制中波发射机、PDM中波发射机的原理与维修、天馈线系统、自动化监控系统、配电系统、发射台技术防护，以及发射台理论知识要点总结、中波发射台技术能手竞赛试题精选和中波专业术语名词解释等四个附录。
本书特点抛去了繁杂的理论赘述和计算公式，以分类、特点、方法为基本内容；注重内容的可操作性和实用性。
以够用为度,图文并茂，通俗易懂,便于自学，便于查询。
内容既有初级值机员应知应会的理论与实践知识，又有高级值机员应具备的解决复杂问题的理论与实践知识，更加符合中波台各层次值机员的认知水平,特别适合做中波台技术人员的培训教材使用(本书有配套教学PPT课件,需另购)。
作者简介庄涛，大专学历,高级工程师，从事自动化电气设备的安装与维修工作，有三十多年的基础电器维修实践经验，具有较强的实际操作动手能力。
一九九八年从部队转业到河南省潢川中波台工作，从事中波技术维护工作，先后发表过二十多篇中波发射相关技术论文。
自主研发或创新的DX系列全固态中波发射机故障查询系统、多路循环监听控制器、中波发射台信号源系统的整合等项目曾分获河南省广播电影电影电视局科技创新一、二、三等奖。
本书配套教学PPT课件为了配合中波值机员培训，本书各章节都有配套教学PPT课件，PPT课件的特点是清新、生动、信息量大，通过现代化多媒体投影仪实用,能够优化课堂教学,调动课堂气氛，增加学员的理解和记忆程度.彻底改变了“一本书、一支粉笔、一块黑板”单调的教学模式。
国外涡桨发动机控制技术的发展
国外涡桨发动机控制技术的发展陈怀荣;王曦【摘要】Development situation of turboprop engine in western countries was overviewed, and several key technologies related with the control system of turboprop engine were analyzed, including working parameters, features, performance, propeller model, design method of control system, fault diagnosis technology of different types of turboprop engines and so on. The adaptive fuel control logic and implementation method of the hydro-mechanical control system of Garret early YT76 single spool turboprop engine were mainly analyzed. In addition, the development process of Pratt&Whitney Canada three-spool turboprop engine from the first generation of supervisory digital electronic control with mechanical back up system of PW120 engine to the dual channel full authority digital eletronic control system of PW150 engine was selective analyzed. These efforts are intended to provide a clear idea for the technological development of domestic turboprop engine control system.%概述了国外涡桨发动机的发展状况，分析了涡桨发动机控制系统相关的若干关键技术，包括不同类别涡桨发动机的工作参数、特点、性能、螺旋桨模型、控制系统设计方法、故障诊断技术等。
CCAR-25-R4
CCAR-25-R4民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）中国民用航空规章第25部运输类飞机适航标准1985年12月31日发布[1990年7月18日第一次修订][1995年12月18日第二次修订][2001年5月14日第三次修订][2022年11月7日第四次修订]民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）中国民用航空局令第209号《运输类飞机适航标准》(CCAR-25-R4)已经2022年10月26日中国民用航空局局务会议通过，现予公布，自2022年12月7日起施行。
局长李家祥二O一一年十一月七日中国民用航空局民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）目录A分部总则............................................................. ............................................................... .. (1)第25.1条适用范围............................................................. .................................................1第25.2条[备用]............................................................ .......................................................1第25.3条ETOPS型号设计批准的专用条款............................................................. (1)B分部飞行............................................................. ............................................................... .. (1)总则............................................................. ............................................................... ...............1第25.21条证明符合性的若干规定............................................................. .......................1第25.23条载重分布限制............................................................. .......................................2第25.25条重量限制............................................................. ...............................................2第25.27条重心限制............................................................. ...............................................3第25.29条空重和相应的重心............................................................. ...............................3第25.31条可卸配重............................................................. ...............................................3第25.33条螺旋桨转速和桨距限制............................................................. .. (3)性能............................................................. ............................................................... ...............3第25.101条总则............................................................. .....................................................3第25.103条失速速度............................................................. .............................................5第25.105条起飞............................................................. .....................................................6第25.107条起飞速度............................................................. .............................................6第25.109条加速—停止距离............................................................. .................................8第25.111条起飞航迹............................................................. ...........................................10第25.113条起飞距离和起飞滑跑距离............................................................. ...............11第25.115条起飞飞行航迹................................................................................................11第25.117条爬升：总则............................................................. .......................................11第25.119条着陆爬升：全发工作............................................................. .......................12第25.121条爬升：单发停车............................................................. ...............................12第25.123条航路飞行航迹............................................................. ...................................13第25.125条着陆............................................................. (13)操纵性和机动性............................................................. ........................................................15第25.143条总则............................................................. ...................................................15第25.145条纵向操纵............................................................. ...........................................16第25.147条航向和横向操纵............................................................. ...............................17第25.149条最小操纵速度............................................................. .. (18)配平.............................................................. ................................................................ ...........20第25.161条配平.............................................................. .. (20)稳定性............................................................. ............................................................... .........21第25.171条总则............................................................. ...................................................21第25.173条纵向静稳定性............................................................. ...................................21第25.175条纵向静稳定性的演示............................................................. .......................21第25.177条横向和航向静稳定性............................................................. .. (22)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.181条动稳定性............................................................. . (23)失速............................................................. ............................................................... . (23)第25.201条失速演示............................................................. ...........................................23第25.203条失速特性............................................................. ...........................................24第25.205条[删除]............................................................失速警告............................................................. . (24)地面和水面操纵特性............................................................. ................................................25第25.231条纵向稳定性和操纵性............................................................. .......................25第25.233条航向稳定性和操纵性............................................................. .......................25第25.235条滑行条件............................................................. ...........................................26第25.237条风速............................................................. ...................................................26第25.239条水面喷溅特性、操纵性和稳定性............................................................. (26)其它飞行要求............................................................. (27)第25.251条振动和抖振............................................................. .......................................27第25.253条高速特性............................................................. ...........................................27第25.255条失配平特性............................................................. (28)C分部结构............................................................. (29)总则............................................................. ............................................................... .............29第25.301条载荷............................................................. ...................................................29第25.303条安全系数............................................................. ...........................................29第25.305条强度和变形............................................................. .......................................29第25.307条结构符合性的证明............................................................. (29)飞行载荷.............................................................. ................................................................ ...30第25.321条总则.............................................................. .. (30)飞行机动和突风情况............................................................. ................................................30第25.331条对称机动情况............................................................. ...................................30第25.333条飞行机动包线................................................................................................31第25.335条设计空速............................................................. ...........................................32第25.337条限制机动载荷系数............................................................. ...........................33第25.341条突风和紊流载荷............................................................. ...............................34第25.343条设计燃油和滑油载重............................................................. .......................35第25.345条增升装置............................................................. ...........................................35第25.349条滚转情况............................................................. ...........................................36第25.351条偏航机动情况............................................................. .. (36)补充情况............................................................. ............................................................... .....37第25.361条发动机扭矩............................................................. .......................................37第25.363条发动机和辅助动力装置支架的侧向载荷....................................................37第25.365条增压舱载荷............................................................. .......................................37第25.367条发动机失效引起的非对称载荷............................................................. .......38第25.371条陀螺载荷............................................................. ...........................................38第25.373条速度控制装置............................................................. .. (39)操纵面和操纵系统载荷............................................................. .. (39)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.391条操纵面载荷：总则............................................................. ...........................39第25.393条平行于铰链线的载荷............................................................. .......................39第25.395条操纵系统............................................................. ...........................................39第25.397条操纵系统载荷............................................................. ...................................39第25.399条双操纵系统............................................................. .......................................40第25.405条次操纵系统............................................................. .......................................40第25.407条配平调整片的影响............................................................. ...........................41第25.409条调整片............................................................. ...............................................41第25.415条地面突风情况............................................................. ...................................41第25.427条非对称载荷............................................................. .......................................42第25.445条辅助气动力面................................................................................................42第25.457条襟翼............................................................. ...................................................43第25.459条特殊装置............................................................. . (43)地面载荷.............................................................. ................................................................ ...43第25.471条总则.............................................................. ..................................................43第25.473条着陆载荷情况和假定.............................................................. ......................43第25.477条起落架布置.............................................................. ......................................44第25.479条水平着陆情况.............................................................. ..................................44第25.481条尾沉着陆情况.............................................................. ..................................44第25.483条单起落架着陆情况.............................................................. ..........................45第25.485条侧向载荷情况.............................................................. ..................................45第25.487条回跳着陆情况................................................................................................45第25.489条地面操纵情况.............................................................. ..................................45第25.491条滑行、起飞和着陆滑跑.............................................................. ..................45第25.493条滑行刹车情况.............................................................. ..................................46第25.495条转弯.............................................................. ..................................................46第25.497条尾轮侧偏.............................................................. ..........................................46第25.499条前轮侧偏与操纵.............................................................. ..............................47第25.503条回转.............................................................. ..................................................47第25.507条倒行刹车.............................................................. ..........................................47第25.509条牵引载荷.............................................................. ..........................................47第25.511条地面载荷：多轮起落架装置上的非对称载荷............................................49第25.519条顶升置.............................................................. (50)水载荷............................................................. ............................................................... .........50第25.521条总则............................................................. ...................................................50第25.523条设计重量和重心位置............................................................. .......................50第25.525条载荷的假定............................................................. .......................................50第25.527条船体和主浮筒载荷系数............................................................. ...................51第25.529条船体和主浮筒着水情况............................................................. ...................51第25.531条船体和主浮筒起飞情况............................................................. ...................52第25.533条船体和主浮筒底部压力............................................................. ...................52第25.535条辅助浮筒载荷............................................................. .. (53)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.537条水翼载荷............................................................. . (54)况............................................................. (54)第25.561条总则............................................................. ...................................................54第25.562条应急着陆动力要求............................................................. ...........................55第25.563条水上迫降的结构要求............................................................. .. (56)疲劳评定............................................................. ............................................................... .....56第25.571条结构的损伤容限和疲劳评定............................................................. .. (56)闪电防护............................................................. ............................................................... .....58第25.581条闪电防护............................................................. ...........................................58D分部设计与构造............................................................. (58)总则............................................................. ............................................................... .............58第25.601条总则............................................................. ...................................................58第25.603料............................................................. ...................................................58第25.605条制造方法............................................................. ...........................................58第25.607条紧固件............................................................. ...............................................59第25.609条结构保护............................................................. ...........................................59第25.611条可达性措施............................................................. .......................................59第25.613条材料的强度性能和材料的设计值............................................................. ...59第25.615条［删除］........................................................... .............................................60第25.619条特殊系数............................................................. ...........................................60第25.621条铸件系数............................................................. ...........................................60第25.623条支承系数............................................................. ...........................................61第25.625条接头系数............................................................. ...........................................61第25.629条气动弹性稳定性要求............................................................. .......................61第25.631条鸟撞损伤............................................................. . (62)面............................................................. ............................................................... .........63第25.651条强度符合性的证明............................................................. ...........................63第25.655条安装............................................................. ...................................................63第25.657条铰链............................................................. (63)操纵系统............................................................. ............................................................... .....63第25.671条总则............................................................. ...................................................63第25.672条增稳系统及自动和带动力的操纵系统........................................................64第25.673条[删除]............................................................ .................................................64第25.675条止动器............................................................. ...............................................64第25.677条配平系统............................................................. ...........................................64第25.679条操纵系统突风锁............................................................. ...............................65第25.681条限制载荷静力试验............................................................. ...........................65第25.683条操作试验............................................................. ...........................................65第25.685条操纵系统的细节设计............................................................. .......................65第25.689条钢索系统............................................................. ...........................................65第25.693条关节接头............................................................. ...........................................66第25.697条升力和阻力装置及其操纵器件............................................................. . (66)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.699条升力和阻力装置指示器............................................................. ...................66第25.701条襟翼与缝翼的交连............................................................. ...........................66第25.703条起飞警告系统............................................................. .. (67)起落架............................................................. ............................................................... .........67第25.721条总则............................................................. ...................................................67第25.723条减震试验............................................................. ...........................................67第25.725条[删除]............................................................ .................................................68第25.727条[删除]............................................................ .................................................68第25.729条收放机构............................................................. ...........................................68第25.731条机轮............................................................. ...................................................69第25.733条轮胎............................................................. ...................................................69第25.735条刹车............................................................. ...................................................70第25.737条滑橇............................................................. (71)浮筒和船体............................................................. ............................................................... .71第25.751条主浮筒浮力............................................................. .......................................71第25.753条主浮筒设计............................................................. .......................................71第25.755条船体............................................................. (71)载人和装货设施............................................................. ........................................................71第25.771条驾驶舱............................................................................................................71第25.772条驾驶舱舱门............................................................. .......................................72第25.773条驾驶舱视界............................................................. .......................................72第25.775条风挡和窗户............................................................. .......................................73第25.777条驾驶舱操纵器件............................................................. ...............................73第25.779条驾驶舱操纵器件的动作和效果............................................................. .......73第25.781条驾驶舱操纵手柄形状............................................................. .......................74第25.783条机身舱门............................................................. ...........................................75第25.785条座椅、卧铺、安全带和肩带............................................................. ...........77第25.787条储存舱............................................................. ...............................................78第25.789条客舱和机组舱以及厨房中物件的固定........................................................79第25.791条旅客通告标示和标牌............................................................. .......................79第25.793条地板表面............................................................. ...........................................79第25.795条保安事项............................................................. . (79)应急设施............................................................. ............................................................... .....80第25.801条水上迫降............................................................. ...........................................80第25.803条应急撒离............................................................. ...........................................80第25.805条[删除]............................................................ .................................................80第25.807条应急出口............................................................. ...........................................80第25.809条应急出口布置............................................................. ...................................83第25.810条应急撤离辅助设施与撤离路线............................................................. .......84第25.811条应急出口的标记............................................................. ...............................85第25.812条应急照明............................................................. ...........................................86第25.813条应急出口通路............................................................. .. (88)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.815条过道宽度............................................................. ...........................................90第25.817条最大并排座椅数............................................................................................90第25.819条下层服务舱（包括厨房）........................................................... .................90第25.820条厕所门............................................................. .. (91)通风和加温............................................................. ............................................................... .91第25.831条通风............................................................. ...................................................91第25.832条座舱臭氧浓度............................................................. ...................................92第25.833条燃烧加温系统............................................................. .. (92)增压............................................................. ............................................................... .............93第25.841条增压座舱............................................................. ...........................................93第25.843条增压座舱的试验............................................................. . (93)防火.............................................................. ................................................................ ...........94第25.851条灭火器............................................................................................................94第25.853条座舱内部设施.............................................................. ..................................95第25.854条厕所防火.............................................................. ..........................................95第25.855条货舱和行李舱.............................................................. ..................................96第25.856条隔热/隔音材料.............................................................. .................................96第25.857条货舱等级.............................................................. ..........................................96第25.858条货舱或行李舱烟雾或火警探测系统 (97)第25.859条燃烧加温器的防火.............................................................. ..........................97第25.863条可燃液体的防火.............................................................. ..............................99第25.865条飞行操纵系统、发动机架和其它飞行结构的防火....................................99第25.867条其它部件的防火.............................................................. ..............................99第25.869条系统防火........................................................................................................99其它.............................................................. ................................................................ .........100第25.871条定飞机水平的设施.............................................................. ........................100第25.875条螺旋桨附近区域的加强.............................................................. ................100第25.899条电搭接和防静电保护.............................................................. ....................100E分部动力装置.............................................................. . (100)总则............................................................. ............................................................... ...........100第25.901条安装............................................................. .................................................100第25.903条发动机............................................................. .............................................101第25.904条起飞推力自动控制系统（ATTCS）...................................................... ....101第25.905条螺旋桨............................................................. .............................................102第25.907条螺旋桨振动............................................................. .....................................102第25.925条螺旋桨间距............................................................. .....................................102第25.929条螺旋桨除冰............................................................. .....................................102第25.933条反推力系统............................................................. .....................................102第25.934条涡轮喷气发动机反推力装置系统试验......................................................103第25.937条涡轮螺旋桨阻力限制系统............................................................. .............103第25.939条涡轮发动机工作特性............................................................. .....................103第25.941条进气系统、发动机和排气系统的匹配性.. (103)民用航空规章第25部,运输类飞机适航标准R4运输类飞机适航标准（民航局令第209号）第25.943条负加速度............................................................. .........................................104第25.945条推力或功率增大系统............................................................. .....................104燃油系统............................................................. ............................................................... ...104第25.951条总则............................................................. .................................................104第25.952条燃油系统分析和试验............................................................. .....................105第25.953条燃油系统的独立性............................................................. .........................105第25.954条燃油系统的闪电防护.............................................................。
要环保也要高效动力宝马i3i8电动车解析
要环保也要高效动力宝马i3/i8电动车解析善于提供运动驾驶乐趣的设计理念，贯穿于整个车系的发展，而宝马在新能源汽车方面也有自己独到的造车理念40多年来，BMW始终致力于可持续交通的发展并稳步取得了多项关键性成功，宝马i品牌的构想并不新鲜，事实上这个计划已经酝酿了许久。
早在2007年，宝马汽车公司就出炉了“Project i”计划，该计划旨在设计节省燃料和减少尾气排放的汽车。
而如今i品牌的正式推出可视为“Project i”计划的延续!在宝马的媒体开放日通过讲解来了解宝马未来的发展方向便于城市驾驶采用eDrive技术的BMW i3专为城市交通设计，使用纯电力驱动，完全零排放是城市交通智能化的体现。
i8动感外形，强悍动力的结合，更适合在追求速度的路况和赛车场驾驶。
采用eDrive技术混合+插电的BMW i8是一个进步的标志。
它将高效与跑车的动力表现有机的结合在一起。
宝马高效动力电动车i3&i8 碳纤维高强度座舱优化电池组设计提高行驶性能制造过程中使用了安全高效的设计LifeDrver在车身安全技术方面，运动了赛车最常见的设计一体式框架车身，而用碳纤维结构，在实现安全溃缩的前提下，有效的减轻重量提高性能。
这种设计里面以及模块的设计思想在更加节能的同时也降低了成本。
I3车型的电池组采用平铺在成员舱地板，有效降低车辆重心，相对后置电池组更加的提升驾驶性能。
宝马i8使用了类似沃兰达的设计，不知在中轴线，尽可能减少对性能的影响！纯电驱动，速度最高约150公里/小时，0-100公里/小时加速仅需8/秒普通模式充电：使用标准电源插座充电需时6小时高速模式充电：仅需一个小时电池充电便可完成80%宝马i3是其首款专为城市打造的纯电动量产车型，它的电动机位于后轴，最大输出功率125kW(170马力)，最大扭矩250N.m，这款车从0到100公里/小时小于8秒。
一次充电最远可行驶257km，极速达到160km/h。
6、新能源汽车温度管理系统维修
高压冷却系统故障诊断（北汽新能源EU5）
2、冷却系统故障诊断
以北汽新能源EU5车型为例，EWP （电动水泵）故 障码见表7-5-1
高压冷却系统故障诊断
2、冷却系统故障诊断
以北汽新能源EU5车型为例， 电动水泵控制电路如图7-5-3所示
制冷系统故障诊断典型案例
1、故障现象
比亚迪秦PHEV 车辆上0K挡电，在 EV模式下，开启空 调后，发动机自动 启动，机械 压缩机 工作。EV模式下空 调不工作
高压冷却与加热系统
1、宝马i3高压冷却与加热系统
为了通过制冷剂进行电池冷却，在电池 模块下方带有铝合金平管构成的热交换器 ，它与 内部制冷剂管路连接在一起，进行 冷却时有制冷剂流过。高压电池冷却管路 如图7-1-3所示。
高压冷却与加热系统
1、宝马i3高压冷却与加热系统
在相反的情况下，例如，多日将 i3停放在0°C以下的户外时，应在 行驶前或充电前使电 池加热至最佳 温度水平。通过充电电缆将车辆与 电网连接并选择了车辆温度调节功 能时也能 调节电池温度。对电池进 行加热时会启用高压系统并使电流 经过加热丝。加热丝沿冷却通道 布 置，如图7-1-4所示。由于冷却通道 与电池模块接触，因此加热丝产生 的热量会传至电池模 块和电池。
高压冷却与加热系统
1、宝马i3高压冷却与加热系统
加热装置控制功能同样集成在 高压电池单元内，为此在安全盒 （S-Box）内带有一个通过 局域 CAN2与SME控制单元进行通信的 微控制器、一个电子开关元件以 及一个用于监控加热 功率的电流 和电压传感器。根据需要最大功 率可达1000Wo安全盒内部电气结 构如图7-1-5 所示。
高压冷却与加热系统
3、丰田卡罗拉油电混动汽车电池冷却系统
韩国Hyundai新一代i30 N高性能版车型介绍说明书
The All-New i30The All-New i30 N marks the premiere of the new Hyundai N high performance range. N stands for Namyang, home of our global R&D centre. Born in Namyang and honedat the Nürburgring – the N logo also symbolises a racetrack’s chicane curve. Hyundai N cars are designed to perform – and to put a grin on your face. Engineered to satisfy drivers who want to feel the burst of adrenaline that gets your heart beating faster – The pure joyof driving.Serious fun.Created for maximum driving fun on the road, the All-New i30 Nhas been meticulously engineered to get your heart pumping faster.Balancing racetrack driving dynamics and raw power with thepossibility of comfort-oriented daily commuting, the i30 N is trulya sports car for every day – built to make every moment behind thewheel a chance for more kicks.The i30 N features LED headlamps and daytime running lights for excellent visibility and striking looks. The aggressively large air intakes have been designed to enhance brake cooling and aerodynamics.Designed to thrill.Heads will turn – and not just because of the sound. The i30 N’s sporty design elements and lowered body reflect its performance credentials. In the front, the aggressive bumper with large air intakes and the unique Cascading Grille with the N badge makea powerful statement. The i30 N also features exclusive 18” or 19” wheels embossed with the N logo and high performance brakes with red N calipers.The aggressively sculpted rear bumper also features a racing red character line between the chromed double muffler exhaust for a sporty and powerful look.The gloss black rear spoiler features an integratedtriangular brake light for more style, improved aerodynamics and better visibility.Form follows function.Hyundai designers worked closely with aerodynamic specialists to create the best possible driving experience. The double-deck rear spoiler with integrated triangular brake light helps increase downforce to give you more grip through high-speed corners – minimising lift and maximising fun. The striking LED rear combination lamps match the aggressive front-end design, highlighting the distinctive look in the rear.The newly developed 2.0 Direct Injection Turbo delivers a choice of 250 HP in standard form, or 275 HP in theN Performance Package.Serious power.The blistering performance of the i30 N is driven by a highly responsive 2.0 L direct injection turbo engine providing up to 275 HP. Featuring an overboost function that temporarily increases torque by 7%, the i30 N is equipped with front-wheel drive and a six-speed manual transmission with a carbon synchronizer ring and a strong clutch. Short shift travel helps with fast shifting and gives you sporty response for more racecar feeling in everyday life.The 19” high-performance Pirelli Hyundai N tyres sport the “HN” initials to indicate that they have been specially developed to matchthe chassis characteristics of the i30 N. Available on i30 N Performance Package.King of the corners.The i30 N is as hungry for corners as you are – equipped with an impressive array of high-performance components that provide world-class cornering ability. Like the direct and highly precise rack-mounted motor-driven power steering. Or the N Corner Carving Differential, which has been specifically designed and engineered by Hyundai to provide a unique carving feel through even the most challenging bends. It enhances your grip, delivering maximum power to the road while increasing driving fun and maximum speed cornering in the curves.The N instrument cluster is customised for passionate drivers. You can monitor engine oil temperature, torque, and turbo boost at a glance. Featuring a shift timing to support track driving, the red zone of the variable LED rev-counter changes according to engine temperature.Built for the track.The i30 N comes equipped to perform at a track day with a wide range of racetrack features for enhanced performance. Tested in extreme temperatures and extreme locations, there’s no need to upgrade anything. On the track, you’re supported by technologies that boost the fun factor. Launch Control helps to launch the car from standstill as easy as possible by controlling the engine torque. The Rev Matchingfeature automatically increases the revs on the engine when shifting so you can enjoy smoother and faster downshifts. The Overboost improves acceleration performance for a short time – perfect for getting past a difficult competitorMore kicks per hour.Inside the i30 N, everything you need to adjust the power and comfort levelis right at your fingertips. From the sound of the exhaust to the stiffness of thesuspension, you can select it all – at the push of a button.Heading to work or driving on your favourite curvy back road? Depending on your mood and the road conditions, you can choose between5 drive modes: Eco, Normal, Sport, N and N Custom.Created for and by people who truly love cars, the sleek and sporty interior embraces and excites. The N steering wheel puts all the drivingperformance features right at your fingertips.Choose your drive mode or activaterev matching for more fun at the push of a button.Hit the N Button for maximum performance.Performance cockpit.The i30 N cockpit is as much about control as it is about comfort. The ergonomics are completely driver-focused – you have everythingin view and at your fingertips. And to help you monitor your driving performance, the High Performance Driving Data function allows youto display track data on the optimally positioned floating touch screen. Featured driving data includes: HP, torque, turbo boost andG-force as well as a lap and acceleration timer.N Grin Control System.Enjoy more smiles per kilometre – At the push of a button, the N Grin Control System gives you the choice of five distinct drive modes tomatch your mood. The different modes change the character of the car, adjusting the parameters of the engine, the dampers of the ElectronicallyControlled Suspension, Electronic Stability Control (ESC), N Corner Carving System, engine sound, steering and Rev matching.Customize your smiles.In the N Custom mode, you can create your own custom setup by selecting thepowertrain and chassis settings for each high-performance component. You can program:engine response, Rev Matching, N Corner Carving System, Exhaust sound, ElectronicControlled Suspension, Steering and Electronic Stability Control.2021Pure joy.Brace yourself. With a car as utterly capable of deliveringpure unadulterated thrills like the i30 N, you’ll have to getused to one thing: Driving with a big grin on you face.Enjoy the ride!2223Welcome to a whole new level of sportiness. Sit down in the i30 N’s racing inspired cockpitand you’ll feel its motor sport roots instantly. The uniquely designed high-performance N sportseats keep you in control and comfortable, with power lumbar support and extendable seatcushions. They feature the N logo and blue contrast stitching and are available in a suede andleather combination or full cloth. The sporty character of the interior is further strengthenedby the high-quality materials and dark metal inserts that can be found throughout.Perfect for enthusiast drivers who love to operate a crisp shifter and a tight clutch, the ball-type gearshiftalso features a blue stripe and the N-badge.2425Wireless charging8” touch screen displayStay connected.The i30 N provides you with the seamless connectivity you expect and innovative tech thatmakes life easier. Like an 8” touch screen display that makes everything easily accessible withApple CarPlay™ and Android Auto™. The navigation system includes Live Services and there’seven a centrally located wireless charging pad for easy, cable-free, smartphone charging.Apple CarPlay™ is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. Android Auto™ is a registered trademark of Google Inc.2627Forward Collision-Avoidance Assist (FCA).Operating in three stages using camera sensors, it warns the driver visually and audibly. In a second step, it controls the brakes according to the collision danger stage, and in a third stage applies maximum braking force to avoid a collision or minimise damage if a collision is ne Keeping Assist (LKA).At speeds over 60 km/h the system alerts the driver about unsafe movements. In case of an unintended lane departure, it will warn the driver and can apply counter steering torque to guide the car back to a safe position.High Beam Assist (HBA).High Beam Assist detects oncoming vehicles as well as vehicles in the same lane ahead at night, and automatically changes from high beam to low beam as appropriate.Driver Attention Warning (DAW) . This standard feature raises safety and convenience to an entirely new level by continuously monitoring and analysing driving patterns. When a pattern of fatigue or distraction is identified, DAW gets the driver’s attentionwith an audible alert and pop-up message suggesting a break.With Hyundai SmartSense, our cutting-edge Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, the i30 N comeswith the latest active safety technology – built to provide you with more safety and peace of mind.2829i30 N (250 HP)Full cloth (Standard on both i30 N and i30 N Performance Package). Suede-leather combination (optional).Power seatsCentre armrest with blue stitchingRear view camera18” alloy wheeli30 N Performance Package (275 HP)19” alloy wheelManual cushion extension N side door sillApple CarPlay™ and Android Auto™Panorama sunroof Memory seatsHeated steering wheel Electric folding mirrors in glossy black Smart key & Button startHeated front seats Customize your i30 N.Highlights.Apple CarPlay™ is a registered trademark of Apple Inc. Android Auto™ is a registered trademark of Google Inc.30312,650 mm4,335 mmExterior ColoursPolar White (Solid)Clean Slate (Metallic)Micron Grey (Metallic)Performance Blue (Special)Phantom Black (Pearl)Engine Red (Solid)1,556 mm 1,795 mm1,447 m m1,564 mm 1,795mmSpecifications and Dimensions* Without rear stiffness barThe dimensions shown here are based on the i30 N Performance equipped with the 19” wheels.3233Experience N.Driving was never meant to be boring.And with this car it never will be.Welcome to the high-performance worldof the i30 N. Push the limits and discoverhow much fun can be had behindthe wheel.Discover more at /eu3435Hyundai Motor Europe/eu Copyright © 2017 Hyundai Motor Europe.All Rights Reserved.EU. LHD 1027 ENGDealer stampThe Hyundai 5 Year Unlimited Mileage Warranty applies only to Hyundai vehicles that have been originally sold by an authorized Hyundai dealer to an end-customer, as set out in the terms and conditions of the warranty booklet.All the information contained in this brochure is provisional and subject to change without notice and is intended only as preliminary notification. Possible variations in the representation of vehicle colours are due to the limitations of printing technology. The products shown correspond to the offer and the range of equipment for European markets. The vehicles shown in this brochure may be equipped with additional equipment at extra cost, and not all model versions are included in this brochure. Hyundai Motor Europe reserves the right to make changes to technical specifications and equipment content without notice. Please consult your Hyundai dealer for exact details.。
宝马i3-FAQ[1]
![宝马i3-FAQ[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/1f1c4d787e21af45b307a869.png)
BMW iFAQBMW i 常见问题品牌1.BMW推出的i系列是什么车型?A：BMW i是BMW的一个全新子品牌。
目前已经推出了专为城市交通设计的全新纯电动BMW i3和插电式混合动力跑车BMW i8。
2.BMW i代表了什么？A：BMW i代表了BMW对未来高端电动车的定义，他更代表着具有前瞻性的移动出行方式、富于灵感激动人心的设计、和全新的、注重可持续性发展的高端汽车理念。
3.BMW i 在BMW集团中的地位是怎样的？A：BMW i 的高效动力与可持续发展理念就是BMW的未来出行理念，作为BMW推出的第一代高端电动车，它完美的诠释了宝马未来的发展方向。
4.BMW i 与其他电动车最大的区别在哪里？A：BMW i 的诞生理念是“天生电动”。
之所以称之为天生电动，因为从设计阶段开始，BMW i 就专为电动车而诞生，围绕电驱动系统的特性进行设计，完全不同于燃油动力的汽车。
在最广泛的运用了现有的BMW高效动力技术的同时，贯穿于整个价值链的可持续发展理念及其互补的城市交通解决方案是BMW i为电动车量身定制的方案。
更使BMW i向前迈出了一大步。
另外，如果电动车的生产所需的驱动能量也取自可再生能源，例如风能或水力，则纯电动车会很好的保护自然资源。
BMW i 位于莱比锡的工厂全部由专门在厂区内安装的4台风力发电机供电。
莱比锡工厂生产BMW i 的能源消耗降低了50%，水消耗更降低了70%。
当其他电动车还停留在常规的汽油机制造流程时BMW i从生产开始便大大降低了能源消耗，并采用清洁能源，最大的降低了对环境的污染。
产品1.BMW i3和i8是概念车还是量产车？A：从4月20日起，进行销售的BMW i3和i8都是正式的量产车型。
BMW i3已经接受了客户预订，开始全面预售。
BMW i3和i8 将在9月正式上市。
2.BMW i3是否是纯电力驱动？A：BMW i3是纯电力驱动，Rex增程模式开启后油耗为0.7L/100KM，排放是17g/km CO2，是城市交通智能化的体现。
【汽车】宝马i3纯电动车空调系统热泵解析 -
一、带热泵的加热回路宝马i3纯电动车的热泵换热器安装在冷却液泵和电加热器之间。
由于使用热泵，电加热器的电能消耗明显减少。
在进行效率比较时，清晰地显示了热泵节约的能量。
为了获得5kW的输出热量，由于电阻损失，电加热器需要消耗5.5kW的电能。
而带热泵的系统只需要 2.5kW的电能。
EKK使用这些电能压缩制冷剂，在热泵换热器产生所需的输出热量。
如图1所示。
图1 热泵和电加热器效率比较1 热泵2 电加热器 A 输出热量 B 消耗的电能冷却液回路只是增加了热泵换热器。
即使使用热泵，也必须配置电加热器，以保证系统发生故障时，还能够达到乘客舱所需的温度，如图2所示。
为了防止回路堵塞或损坏，必须使用宝马i3新型专用冷却液。
图2 带热泵的乘客舱加热1 乘客舱换热器2 电加热器3 电动冷却液泵(12V)4 储液罐5 热泵换热器二、热泵系统图在宝马i3纯电动车上，电机和动力电控装置产生的可用废热很少。
即使在宝马i3增程式纯电动车上，也不使用增程式发动机上产生的废热。
为了减轻重量，该款增程式纯电动车上不配置热泵。
由于配置了热泵，使用电加热器的纯电动车的行驶里程并不明显减少。
乘客舱所需的热量由带热泵的暖风空调系统提供。
热泵的工作原理与暖风空调系统相反，高温高压的制冷剂流过冷凝器时，释放的热能直接排入大气。
而高温高压的制冷剂流过热泵热交换器时，制冷剂释放的热能用于加热乘客舱。
如图3所示。
图3 热泵原理图1 压缩2 消耗1/4的能量3 热泵热交换器4 有用的热量4/45 液态制冷剂6 膨胀阀7 蒸发 8环境热量3/4 9 环境温度图4带热泵的空调制冷剂管路图1 在高电压蓄电池的电控膨胀阀(EXV) 2EKK3 鼓风机4 电加热器5 蒸发器的电控膨胀阀(EXV)6 冷凝器和储液干燥器之间的制冷剂截止阀7 EKK和热泵换热器之间的制冷剂截止阀8 热泵换热器 9储液干燥器三、热泵系统主要元件1.热泵控制器局域网总线作为热泵控制器和IHKA控制单元进行通信的数据线。