2012 西综 新东方 冲刺卷
2012届高三下学期模拟冲刺题
2012届高三下学期模拟冲刺题英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页，满分150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第I卷（共105分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．￡19.15 B.￡9.15 C．￡9.18 答案是B。
1．Who is the man possibly talking to?A．A doctor．B．A teacher．C．His mother2．What do we know about Sam?A．His sister will leave for New York．B．His sister will leave for Los Angeles.C．He will leave New York.3．What is the woman going to do?A．Rewrite the paper because there are too many mistakes.B．Throw the paper away.C．Read the paper again.4．Why does the woman thank the man?A．He lent her some money.B．He gave her a five-pound bill.C．He returned her money found.5．Where does this conversation probably take place?A．At an airport．B．At a railway station．C．At a department store.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2012年考研专业课西医综合部分答案及解析（海天版）
2012年考研专业课西医综合部分答案及解析（海天版）物理化学第十三章模拟试卷A班级姓名分数一、选择题( 共10题20分)6. 2 分质均摩尔质量M w和数均摩尔质量M n的关系一般为：( B )(A)M w＝M n(B)M w＞M n(C)M w＜M n(D)M w≠M n7. 2 分乳状液是由哪个分散体系组成? ( A )(A) 两种互不相溶的液体(B) 固体加液体(C) 两种互溶的液体(D) 多种互溶的液体8. 2 分对亚铁氰化铜负溶胶而言, 电解质KCl, CaCl2, K2SO4, CaSO4的聚沉能力顺序为：( C )(A) KCl > CaCl2 > K2SO4 > CaSO4(B) CaSO4 > CaCl2 > K2SO4 > KCl(C) CaCl2 > CaSO4 > KCl > K2SO4(D) K2SO4 > CaSO4 > CaCl2 > KCl9. 2 分(1) 在晴朗的白昼, 天空呈蔚蓝色的原因是：( B )(2) 日出和日落时, 太阳呈鲜红色的原因是：( A )(A) 蓝光波长短, 透射作用显著(B) 蓝光波长短, 散射作用显著(C) 红光波长长, 透射作用显著(D) 红光波长长, 散射作用显著10. 2 分起始浓度分别为c1和c2的大分子电解质刚果红Na R与KCl 溶液分布在半透膜两边，其膜平衡条件是：( D )(A) [Na+]内[Cl-]内＝[Na+]外[Cl-]外(B) [K+]内[Cl-]内＝[K+]外[Cl-]外(C) [K+]内[Na+]内＝[K+]外[Na+]外(D) [K+]内/ [K+]外＝[Na+]内/ [Na+]外＝[Cl-]内/ [Cl-]外6. 2 分为直接获得个别的胶体粒子的大小和形状，必须借助于：( D )(A) 普通显微镜(B) 丁铎尔效应(C) 电子显微镜(D) 超显微镜7. 2 分对于Helmholz紧密双电层模型, 下列描述中不正确的是：( )(A) 带电的固体表面和带相反电荷的离子构成平行的两层, 称为双电层(B) 此双电层距离约等于离子半径, 如同一个平板电容器(C) 在此双电层内, 热力学电势 0呈直线下降(D) 由于模型上的缺陷, 此双电层模型不能说明电泳现象8. 2 分在大分子溶液中加入大量的电解质, 使其发生聚沉的现象称为盐析, 产生盐析的主要原因是：( )(A) 电解质离子强烈的水化作用使大分子去水化(B) 降低了动电电位(C) 由于电解质的加入，使大分子溶液处于等电点(D) 动电电位的降低和去水化作用的综合效应9. 2 分在稀的砷酸溶液中，通入H2S 以制备硫化砷溶胶(As2S3)，该溶胶的稳定剂是H2S，则其胶团结构式是：( )(A) [(As2S3)m·n H+,(n-x)HS-]x-·x HS-(B) [(As2S3)m·n HS-,(n-x)H+]x-·x H+(C) [(As2S3)m·n H+,(n-x)HS-]x-·x HS-(D) [(As2S3)m·n HS-,(n-x)H+]x-·x H+*. 2 分使用瑞利(Reyleigh) 散射光强度公式，在下列问题中可以解决的问题是：( )(A) 溶胶粒子的大小(B) 溶胶粒子的形状(C) 测量散射光的波长(D) 测量散射光的振幅二、填空题( 共9题18分)11. 2 分对于分散体系, 如果按照粒子的大小来区分, 当粒子半径为_____ r ＜10-9m, _____时,称为分子(或离子)分散体系; 半径为_________10-9＜r＜10-7m, 时, 称为胶体分散体系; 半径为r＞10-7m时, 称为粗分散体系。
2012年《考研-西医综合》真题+答案
2012年《考研－西医综合》真题第 1题：人体内NH3通过细胞膜的方式是A.单纯扩散B.易化扩散C.原发性主动转运D.继发性主动转运【正确答案】：A【试题解析】：BCD均是物质通过细胞膜的转运方式,NH3脂溶性髙且分子量小,脂质双分子层的细胞膜对其通透性高,因此能顺浓度梯度从高浓度一侧向低浓度一侧进行单纯扩散,完成其跨腆转运,不需要膜蛋白的帮助以其他形式进行转运。
第 2题：微终板电位产生的原因是A.运动神经末梢释放一个递质分子引起的终板膜电活动B.肌接头后膜上单个受体离子通道开放C.单囊泡递质自发释放引起终板膜多个离子通道开放D.神经末梢单个动作电位引起终板膜多个离子通道开放【正确答案】：C【试题解析】：骨骼肌的神经-肌接头由接头前膜一接头间隙-接头后膜（终板膜）组成。
接头前的神经轴突末梢 中有许多囊泡,每个囊泡内约含有1万个乙酰胆碱(ACh)分子。
在接头后的终板膜上有N2型ACh受体。
①当神经冲动到达神经末梢时’接头前膜的囊泡内ACh大量释放（至少个突触囊泡),经接头间隙扩散至终板膜,引起终板膜去极化产生终板电位。
①在静息状态下,无神经冲动到达神经末梢时,接头前膜 仍然有自发释放ACh到达终板膜上,并与膜上受体结合,使少量Na+和K+通道开放,使后膜产生，微小的电位变化，称为微终板电位。
第 3题：与粗肌丝横桥头部结合，引起肌小节缩短的蛋白质是A.肌球蛋白B.肌动蛋白C.原肌球蛋白D.肌钙蛋白【正确答案】：B【试题解析】：根据肌丝滑行理论,横纹肌的缩短和伸长是粗、细肌丝在肌节内相互滑动发生的。
粗肌丝由肌球 蛋白构成,上有牵引肌丝滑动的横桥,?细肌丝由肌动蛋白、原肌球蛋由和肌钙蛋白构成。
当肌细胞上的动 作电位引起胞质中Ca2+浓度升高时,Ca2+与细肌丝上的钙受体（肌钙蛋白）结合，使原肌球蛋白分子发生 改变，将细肌丝上的结合位点肌动蛋白暴露出来,引发横桥与肌动蛋白的结合,使肌丝滑动、肌肉收缩。
第 4题：血管外破坏红细胞的主要场所是A.肝脏B.脾脏C.肾脏D.淋巴结【正确答案】：B【试题解析】：正常人红细胞的平均寿命为120天,每天都有大量的衰老红细胞被破坏。
2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品资料 综合强化系列(六).doc
2012届高考英语考前冲刺精品资料综合强化系列（六）一、单项选择1. The description of these events closely to other accounts written at thetime.A. conveysB. contributesC. correspondsD. contacts2. Lisa is a girl who notices nothing except what to her clothes.A. sticksB. relatesC. takesD. belongs3. Tomorrow we are flying to Tibet to visit the Potala Palace , a famous palaceback to the 7th century.A. datedB. to dateC. datingD. having dated4. New York is built on a group of inlands on east coast of the USA, at point where several rivers flow into the ocean.A. /; aB. the; aC. the; /D. /; the5. At the of his own comfort, he allowed the guest to use his bed.A. consumptionB. wasteC. sacrificeD. charge6. His refusal to go his dislike of the place. So we'd better not ask himto again.A. exposedB. underlinedC. voicedD. structured7. It is that what the young people had done shamed themselves and their respective parents.A. vagueB. apparentC. sureD. strange8. Recently a series of attacks on the Olympic Torch have our decision tohost a successful Olympic Games.A. sharpenedB. shortenedC. reducedD. enlarged9. What the young man can't is that his mum always treats him like a baby.A. holdB. bearC. sufferD. undertake10. I think we teachers should constantly update our knowledge so as to maintainour professional .A. abilityB. riskC. competenceD. position11. Not only the jewelry she been sold for her son's debts, but alsoher house.A.has; hasB. is; hasC. has; /D. /; has12. ---How did you find the film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows?---_______.I can’t think too highly of it.A. It makes no senseB. It’s really amazingC. It’s awfulD. It’s up toyou13. When people talk about the famous attractions in Suzhou, the first comesinto their mind is the Tiger Hill.A. placeB. oneC. thatD. of them14. In order to his goods effectively, the shopkeeper had the store enlarged.A. show offB. show upC. lay outD. set off15. ______difficult the task may be, we must f inish it on time, because we can’tmeet such a precious opportunity _____we have expected.A. Whatever ; thatB. However;asC. However;thatD. Whatever;which二、完形填空About 20 percent of the divorce cases of the post80s generation in the last two years have been caused by addiction to Internet games, the People's Court of Haidian District revealed recently. The 16 was made by a court investigation of over 100 post80s 17 lawsuits in the past couple of years.18 to Judge Gao Qing, young people who were addicted to the 19 seldom did housework, and some of them 20 lost jobs. The addiction to gaming 21 many husbands to ignore family relations and their 22 as the family breadwinners.The Beijing News reported that gaming 23 were often shaped before marriage, and open knowledge of them did not 24 their relations at that time.The investigation also concluded that people of the post80s generation are usually incapable of doing housework and do not have a strong 25 of responsibility to family. They often marry rashly 26 knowing the meaning of true love, leading the court to treat their divorce lawsuits with caution.Gao said that the post80s generations do not 27 well with family relations because of lack of experience and too much egotism(自我）. This causes difficult problems, such as that of how to 28 the division of finances between the couple, to 29.“Financially, t hey depend heavily on their parents. Many divorced couples had houses 30 by their parents, so it becomes difficult when dealing with how to divide the wealth,” said Gao. The judge also 31 that many of them were still psychologically immature, divorcing due to their parents32.The court plans to be increasingly patient and calm when 33 post80s generation divorce lawsuits, with emphasis on 34 the seeking of psychological consultation(咨询) before 35.16. A. decision B. progress C. conclusion D. agreement17. A. crime B. robbery C. murder D. divorce18. A. According B. Due C. Similar D. As19. A. studies B. games C. drugs D. movies20. A. seldom B. ever C. even D. rarely21. A. led B. urged C. required D. recommended22. A. dreams B. roles C. practice D. achievements23. A. customs B. circles C. purpose D. habits24. A. improve B. affect C. lose D. cherish25. A. sense B. idea C. interest D. connection26. A. apart from B. except for C. besides D. without27. A. live B. fight C. cope D. go28. A. find B. choose C. win D. handle29. A. appear B. solve C. analyze D. consider30. A. sold B. purchased C. broken D. decorated31. A. showed B. argued C. suggested D. added32. A. anger B. experience C. wills D. happiness33. A. facing B. prohibiting C. guessing D. criticizing34. A. encouraging B. reducing C. discovering D. taking35. A. death B. choice C. marriage D. danger三、阅读理解AThe United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says deforestation has decreased over the past ten years. But it still continues at a high rate in many countries. Deforestation is mainly caused by the cutting down of tropical forests to provide land for agriculture. The world's total forest area is just over four billion hectares. About thirteen million hectares of forest were cut down or lost through natural causes each year in the last ten years. This compares with about sixteen million hectares per year during the nineteen nineties.The F.A.O. study covers two hundred thirty three countries and areas. The study found that Brazil and Indonesia have reduced their deforestation rates. The two countries had the highest loss of forests in the nineteen nineties. In addition, the study noted tree planting programs in countries such as China, India, Vietnam and the United States. These programs, along with natural expansion of forests in some areas, have added more than seven million hectares of new forests each year. South America and Africa had the highest yearly loss of forests during the last ten years. South America lost four million hectares. Africa lost almost three and a half million hectares. However, Asia gained more than two million hectares a year in the last decade. In North America and Central America, the forest area remained about the same. In Europe, it continued to expand, but at a slower rate than earlier. Eduardo Rojas is assistant director general of F.A.O.' s Forestry Department. He said for the first time, therate of deforestation has decreased around the world. This is the result of efforts taken at local and international levels. Mr Rojas said countries have improved their forest policies and legislation. They have also provided forests for use by local communities and native peoples and for the protection of biological diversity. He said this is a welcome message in two thousand ten—the International Year of Biodiversity.However, Mr Rojas said the rate of deforestation is still very high in many areas. He said countries must strengthen their efforts to better protect and manage their forests.36. Which one has the highest yearly loss of forests?A. South America.B. Africa.C. Asia.D. North America.37. Which one did the best in reducing the deforestation rate?A. South America.B. Africa.C. Asia.D. Europe.38. The tone of this passage can most described as .A. neutralB. passiveC. objectiveD. negative39. According to the passage, we can find that .A. in 1990s, thirteen million hectares of forest were cut down or lost each yearB. the world's total forest area is just over four billion hectaresC. all the countries- deforestation rates decreaseD. Europe had the lowest yearly loss of forests during the last ten years40. The underlined word “deforestation” in the first paragraph means .A. cutting down tropical forests to provide land for agricultureB. increasing land for agriculture from tropical forestsC. cutting down trees to provide land for agricultureD. increasing land for industrial land from tropical forestsBGrasslands need time to rest when cattle and other animals feed on them. Moving animals from one area of pasture to another can provide the time needed for new growth. This is called rotational grazing. Experts say rotational grazing is good for the land and the animals, and it can save money. This form of grazing can reduce the need for pesticide chemicals by reducing the growth of weeds. And it can limit the need for chemical fertilizers by letting natural fertilizer, animal droppings, do the job. Rotational grazing can even help prevent wildfires by keeping grasslands in good condition.Letting animals feed continually and intensively in the same grazing areas can require costly replanting. Animals eat the most desirable growth first. When that keeps happening, the roots do not have enough time to recover. As a result, less desirable plants may replace them.Intensively used grasslands are also harmed as the soil is continually crushed under the weight of heavy animals. And the animals usually avoid their own waste, so that reduces the amount of good grazing space even more.Experts say that while rotational grazing can save money over time, it also requires planning. And that starts with a good map to mark fences, water supplies and grazing areas.Farmers can start rotational grazing by removing animals from a pasture when the grass is eaten to less than five centimeters. The pasture is then kept empty until the grass grows to more than fifteen centimeters high.Experts say sheep and goats may require special preparations. They may need stronger fences than other animals. And while they eat the grass, they may need guard animals like dogs to protect them from animals that would like to eat them.41. According to the first paragraph, rotational grazing has the following advantages EXCEPT .A. reducing the use of pesticide chemicalsB. stopping the growth of weedsC. limiting the need for fertilizerD. preventing wildfire42. Which of the following words is most similar to the underlined word “rotational” in meaning in this passage?A. Alternate.B. Rolling.C. Changeable.D. Roasting.43. We can conclude from the passage that .A. gentle sheep and goats don't need strong fences as other animalsB. rotational grazing have many advantages and no disadvantagesC. animals often don't like their own wasteD. fertilizer is used to decrease the growth of weeds44. Which one is NOT mentioned in the whole passage?A. Rotational grazing can help save money of farmers by reducing the use of fertilizer.B. Soil will be continually crushed in the intensively used grasslands.C. The cost of rotational grazing is very high.D. Rotational grazing can help save money over time.45. What's the best title of the passage?A. Advantages of Rotational GrazingB. Giving Grasslands a RestC. Make More Space for GrazingD. How to Graze Effectively答案一、单项选择1~5 CBCBC 6~10 BBABC 11~15 ABAAB二、完形填空在过去几年中，80后这一代人的离婚案居高不下，而仅因为沉迷于网络游戏导致的离婚案就占了全部离婚案的20%左右。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试西医综合科目试题及详细解析标注版
一、A 型题：1～120 题。
1～90 小题，每小题1.5 分;91～120 小题，每小题2 分，共195 分。
1.人体的NH3 通过细胞膜的方式是(A)A.单纯扩散B.异化扩散C.原发性主动转运D.继发性主动转运解析：第一题选A.考的是单纯扩散的几种物质，我们上课时提过，总结成五个字，"喝酒有气氛"，酒就是乙醇加水分，气就是气体(包括氨气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳)，今年考的就是气体，另外还有氛，氛就是尿素。
2. 微终板电位产生的原因是(C)A.运动神经末梢释放一个递质分子引起的终板膜电活动B.肌接头后膜上单个受体离子通道开放C.单囊泡递质自发释放引起终板膜多个离子通道开放D.神经末梢单个动作电位引起终板膜多个离子通道开放解析：第二题选C.这个题考的是终板膜定位的定义，它是书上的38 页倒数第4 行，两句话，大家记住两个关键词就可以了，一个是接头前膜，第二个是一个囊泡。
3.与粗肌丝横桥头部结合，引起肌小节缩短的蛋白质是(C)A.肌球蛋白B.肌动蛋白C.原肌球蛋白D.肌钙蛋白解析：第三题选 B.是一道往年真题，考的次数比较多，肌动蛋白，细肌丝主要由3 种蛋白构成，肌动蛋白、原肌球蛋白和肌凝蛋白。
肌动蛋白主要是与横桥结合，引起细肌丝的滑行。
4.血管外破坏红细胞的主要场所是(B)A.肝脏B.脾脏C.肾脏D.淋巴结解析：第四题选B.细胞外破坏红细胞的主要场所是脾脏。
今年考的是细胞外灭活的主要场所，次要场所是骨髓。
5.血凝块回缩的原因是(D)A.血凝块纤维蛋白收缩B.红细胞叠连而压缩C.白细胞变形运动D.血小板的收缩蛋白收缩解析：第五题选D.这一题是2007 年真题，2007 年答案是B，今年只是把答案的顺序换了一下，选D，是血小板的收缩蛋白收缩。
6.Rh 血型的主要抗体是(C)A.IgAB.IgDC.IgGD.IgE解析：第六题选B.RH 血型的主要抗体是IgG 抗体。
此题也是今年执业医师的原题，所以像这种题，纯属记忆型题，并且是书上边边角角的小概念，从今年的执业医师命题和西医综合考题来看。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试西医综合试卷与解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试西医综合试题与解析一、A型题：1～120题。
1～90小题，每小题1.5分；91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1.人体的NH3通过细胞膜的方式是（A）A.单纯扩散B.异化扩散C.原发性主动转运D.继发性主动转运解析：第一题选 A.考的是单纯扩散的几种物质，我们上课时提过，总结成五个字，"喝酒有气氛"，酒就是乙醇加水分，气就是气体（包括氨气、氮气、氧气、二氧化碳），今年考的就是气体，另外还有氛，氛就是尿素。
2. 微终板电位产生的原因是（C）A.运动神经末梢释放一个递质分子引起的终板膜电活动B.肌接头后膜上单个受体离子通道开放C.单囊泡递质自发释放引起终板膜多个离子通道开放D.神经末梢单个动作电位引起终板膜多个离子通道开放解析：第二题选C.这个题考的是终板膜定位的定义，它是书上的38页倒数第4行，两句话，大家记住两个关键词就可以了，一个是接头前膜，第二个是一个囊泡。
3.与粗肌丝横桥头部结合，引起肌小节缩短的蛋白质是（C）A.肌球蛋白B.肌动蛋白C.原肌球蛋白D.肌钙蛋白解析：第三题选 B.是一道往年真题，考的次数比较多，肌动蛋白，细肌丝主要由3种蛋白构成，肌动蛋白、原肌球蛋白和肌凝蛋白。
肌动蛋白主要是与横桥结合，引起细肌丝的滑行。
4.血管外破坏红细胞的主要场所是（B）A.肝脏B.脾脏C.肾脏D.淋巴结解析：第四题选 B.细胞外破坏红细胞的主要场所是脾脏。
今年考的是细胞外灭活的主要场所，次要场所是骨髓。
5.血凝块回缩的原因是（A）A.血凝块纤维蛋白收缩B.红细胞叠连而压缩C.白细胞变形运动D.血小板的收缩蛋白收缩解析：第五题选D.这一题是2007年真题，2007年答案是B，今年只是把答案的顺序换了一下，选D，是血小板的收缩蛋白收缩。
6.Rh血型的主要抗体是（C）A.IgAB.IgDC.IgGD.IgE解析：第六题选B.RH血型的主要抗体是IgG抗体。
2012年英语中考冲刺试卷十二
2012年英语中考冲刺试卷十一第I卷三、单项选择（共20分，每小题1分）从下列各题所给的四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. --Look at ____ animal. It’s interesting.--Which one do you mean? ____ black one with a long tail?A. an, TheB. an, AnC. the, TheD. the, An2. I'll go camping with you, if I ________ free tomorrow.A. will beB. amC. shall beD. was3. A friend of _____ came here yesterday.A. myB. hisC. himD. himself4. Hurry up please, or we won’t ________ the train.A. missB. catchC. takeD. ride5. There is going to ______ an English party this evening in our school.A. beB. haveC. havingD. being6. Let's go out for fun, __________?A. will youB. won't youC. shall weD. do we7. --Your dress is very beautiful.--_________ I bought it yesterday.A. Oh, really?B. Oh, no.C. Just so-so, I thinkD. Thank you.8. Don't worry. They'll come to help us ________.A. in half an hourB. in a half hourC. after half an hourD. after a half hour9. –I’m taking my computer test tomorrow.–_____!A. Come onB. Well doneC. CongratulationsD. Good luck10. Jane sings very well, and ________.A. so did her sisterB. so does her sisterC. her sister does soD. so does her sisters11. They prefer _______, rather than _______.A. to sing, danceB. sing, to danceC. singing, dancingD. sing, dancing12. Of all the students in our class. Betty writes _____.A. very carefullyB. more carefullyC. most carefullyD. the most careful13. –______ nice present you’ve bought for me!–I’m glad you like it.A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What14. –______he ever ______abroad?–No, never.A. Did, goB. Is, beenC. Has, goneD. Has, been15. Her father told her he ___________ the next week.A. will buy her a penB. is buying her a penC. bought her a penD. would buy her a pen16. –Would you like to play football with us tomorrow afternoon?– Sorry I can’t. I have ________ homework to do.A. manyB. muchC. fewD. little17. –I don’t like this kind of car. Do you like it?– No. I don’t like it, ________.A. tooB. alsoC. eitherD. neither18. –Your spoken English is really good.– __________.A. That’s all rightB. Thank you very muchC. It doesn’t matterD. That’s a good idea19. –Do you know __________ the MP3 player last week?–Sorry, I have no idea.A. how much did she pay forB. how much will she pay forC. how much she paid forD. how much she will pay for20. It is said that a large shopping center _____ in that area last year.A. builtB. has been builtC. buildsD. was built四、完型填空(共14分，每小题1分)通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
2012年高考英语 阅读理解冲刺练习50
2012年高考英语阅读理解冲刺练习50 While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon(现象)is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome〞(空巢综合症).In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing response(回应)in time for their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as “distant parent phenomeno n〞, which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome〞.68.According to the passage, the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by _________.A.their earlier experience of feeling lonelyB.the unfavorable living conditions in their native countriesC.the common worry about their incomeD.the geographical distance between parents and children69.Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind, to _________.A.live in the countries with more moneyB.seek a better place for their aged parentsC.continue their studies abroadD.realize their dreams in foreign countries70.If young people go abroad, _________.A.they do not hold to the value of duty at allB.they can give some help to their parents back homeC.they cannot do what they should for their parentsD.they believe what they actually do is right71.From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________.A.the situations in the developed and developing countries are differentB. “Empty Nest Syndrome〞 has arrived unexpectedly in our societyC.children will become independent as soon as they go abroadD.the aged parents are not fully prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome〞答案68.D 69.D 70.C 71.B。
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2013西医综合冲刺阶段测试题一、A型题：1～120题。
1～90小题，每小题1.5分；91～120小题，每小题2分，共195分。
1.动脉血压在一定范围内变动时，肾血流量保持相对稳定属于（ ）A.体液调节B.自身调节C.神经调节D.旁分泌调节【答案】B【解析】由神经系统活动进行的调节是神经调节 ; 由体液因素进行的调节是体液调节 ; 既无神经系统活动。
又无体液因素参与的调节是自身调节。
2.碘的摄取属于（）A. 继发性主动转运B. 经载体易化扩散C. 经通道易化扩散D. 原发性主动转运【答案】A【解析】单胺类、肽类递质、碘的摄取属于继发性主动转运3. 神经纤维电压门控K+ 通道没有的状态是（）A.静息状态B.失活状态C.激活状态D.开放状态【答案】B【解析】比较：Na+ 通道有开放、关闭、失活状态。
但 K+ 通道没有失活状态。
4.关于输血，下列说法错误的是（）A. 过去，将AB 型血的人为“万能受血者”B.Rh 阴性的人可接受 Rh阳性的血液C.即使ABO血型符合，也要交叉配血D.输入O型血给其它血型的人时，应少量而且缓慢【答案】B【解析】由于 Rh 阴性血的红细胞上没有 D 抗原 ( 凝集原 ) ，因此不会被受血者的血浆聚集，故 Rh 阳性的人可以接受 Rh 阴性的血液。
反之则不然。
5. 不属于心肌细胞和骨骼肌细胞收缩特点的共同点的是（）A. 都有最适初长度B. 都含有粗、细两种肌丝C. 兴奋可以在细胞内迅速传播D. 收缩机制都可用滑行理论来解释【答案】C【解析】心肌细胞可以细胞内迅速播散，骨骼肌细胞不然。
6. 心动周期中，在下列哪个时期室内压升高最快？（）A. 等容收缩期末B. 等容舒张期末C. 等容收缩期D. 快速充盈期末【答案】C【解析】室内压升高最快的是等容收缩期7. 对收缩压影响最大的是（）A.循环血量B.每搏输出量C.心率D.外周血管阻力【答案】B【解析】对收缩压影响最大的是每搏输出量；对舒张压影响最大的是外周血管阻力。
8. 肺通气的直接动力是（）A. 胸内压变化B. 呼吸肌的收缩与舒张C. 大气和肺泡间周期性的压力差D. 气体分压大小【答案】C【解析】肺通气的直接动力是大气和肺泡间周期性的压力差，原动力是呼吸肌的收缩与舒张。
9. 下列部位氧分压最高的是（）A.肺泡气B.动脉血C.静脉血D.组织液【答案】A【解析】肺泡气二氧化碳分压最低，氧分压最高；细胞内液二氧化碳分压最高，氧分压最低。
10. 中枢感受器对其刺激不敏感的是（）A. H+B. PaCO2C. PaO2D. PaO2和H+【答案】C【解析】① PaCO2对感受器的刺激——中枢感受器＋外周感受器（其中：中枢感受器＞外周感受器）② PaO2对感受器的刺激——外周感受器 （其中：中枢感受器不敏感）③ H+ 对感受器的刺激——中枢感受器＋外周感受器 （其中：中枢感受器＞外周感受器）11. 副交感神经兴奋可使（）A.胃肠平滑肌收缩增强B.胆道奥迪（oddi）括约肌收缩增强C.回盲括约肌收缩增强D.肛门内括约肌收缩增强【答案】A【解析】副交感神经兴奋时，其末梢主要释放乙酰胆碱与效应器上的相应受体（M受体）结合后，可使胆囊收缩，奥迪括约肌舒张。
12. 分泌促胃液素的是（）A.粘液细胞B.壁细胞C.G细胞D.主细胞【答案】C【解析】壁细胞分泌胃酸和内因子，内因子可促进VitB 12的吸收；主细胞分泌胃蛋白酶原； G细胞分泌促胃液素；粘液细胞分泌粘液。
13.当体温低于外界环境温度时，机体主要散热方式是（）A.对流B.蒸发C.辐射D.传导【答案】B【解析】：常温下环境温度低于机体温度，机体主要通过①辐射散热：以热射线（红外线）的形式将热量散发到外界。
此种方式散发的热量，在机体安静状态下约占散热量的60%左右；当体温低于外界环境温度时，机体主要散热方式是蒸发。
14. 在肾脏病理情况下，出现蛋白尿的原因是（）A. 肾小球滤过率增大B. 肾小管对蛋白质重吸收减少C. .肾小球毛细血管血压增大D. 滤过膜上的糖蛋白减少【答案】D【解析】肾炎或缺O2 时，会出现蛋白尿，其原因是由于病变使滤过膜上带负电荷的糖蛋白减少或消失，对带负电荷的白蛋白排斥作用减弱，使白蛋白易于滤过所致。
15. 剧烈运动（交感神经兴奋）时少尿的主要原因是（） A.肾小球毛细血管血压增高B.ADH分泌增多C.肾小动脉收缩，肾血流量减少D.醛固酮分泌增多【答案】C【解析】在人体进行剧烈运动或发生大失血、严重缺氧等病理情况下，交感神经兴奋性增强，肾血管收缩，使肾血流量和肾小球血浆流量明显减少，引起肾小球滤过率降低，尿量减少。
16. 下列哪一种不是慢适应感受器（）A.肺牵张感受器B.颈动脉窦C.内脏化学感受器D.皮肤触觉感受器【答案】D【解析】某一恒定强度的刺激持续作用于感受器时，感觉神经纤维上动作电位的频率会逐渐降低，这一现象称为感受器的适应。
皮肤触觉感受器最容易适应，是快适应感受器。
17. 人耳能感受的振动频率是（）A. 1000 — 3000 HzB. 20 — 20000 HzC. 300 — 3000HzD. 500 — 20000 Hz【答案】B【解析】人耳最敏感的声波频率是 1000‐3000Hz, 人耳能感受的振动频率是 20‐20000Hz。
18. 有关突触传递特征的描述，错误的是（）A.单向传递B.突触延搁C.总和D.不易疲劳【答案】D【解析】突触（中枢）传递特征有6个：①单向传递；②中枢（突触）延搁；③总和；④兴奋节律的改变；⑤对内环境变化的敏感性和易疲劳性；⑥后放。
19. 丘脑的非特异性投射系统的主要作用是A.引起痛觉B.引起温度觉C. 维持大脑皮层的兴奋状态D.使机体进入睡眠状态【答案】C【解析】非特异性传入系统的功能是维持和改变大脑皮层兴奋状态，使机体处于醒觉状态。
20. 不属于类固醇激素的有（）A.糖皮质激素B.性激素C.醛固酮D.维生素D3【答案】D【解析】 类固醇激素，如糖皮质激素、性激素、醛固酮等。
固醇类激素。
如维生素D3、1，25一(OH)2维生素D3。
21. 生物活性最大的甲状腺激素是（）A. 三碘甲腺原氨酸B. 一碘酪氨酸C. 逆三碘甲腺原氨酸D. 二碘酪氨酸【答案】A【解析】在外周血中存在 T 3 ,T 4 和 rT 3 。
其中， T 4 数量占 90% ， T 3 占 10% ， rT 3 极少。
T 3 生物活性比 T 4 大 5 倍。
因此生物活性最大的是 T 3 ( 三碘甲状腺原氨酸 ) ，甲状腺分泌的激素主要是甲状腺素（T 4）。
22. 关于体温生理变动的叙述，错误的是A.女性月经期和排卵前期体温较高B.老年人体温略低C.体温呈昼夜周期性波动D.运动时体温升高【答案】A【解析】月经期和排卵前期体温较低，排卵日体温降至最低，排卵后期体温回到较高水平。
幼儿体温略高于成人，老年人又略低于成人。
肌肉活动时，骨骼肌的产热量增加，体温可轻度升高。
23. CO 2 比O 2 在体内的扩散系数（）A.大，因为CO 2的溶解度高B.大，因为CO 2的分子量大C.小，因为CO 2的溶解度低D.小，因为CO 2的分子量大【答案】A【解析】扩散系数 = 溶解度 / √ 分子量。
因CO 2和O 2在血浆中的溶解度分别为 51.5和 2.14 ，故CO 2的溶解度为O 2的 24 倍；CO 2的分子量为44 ，O 2 的分子量为32 ，故CO 2的扩散系数为O 2的20倍。
24.促使胰腺小导管细胞分泌大量水分和碳酸氢盐的作用最强的是（）A.蛋白质分解产物B.脂肪C.糖类D.胃酸【答案】D【解析】促使胰腺小导管细胞分泌大量水分和碳酸氢盐的是促胰液素，对其刺激胃酸最强。
25、下列哪一种氨基酸容易使肽链形成折角？A．赖氨酸B．谷氨酸C．脯氨酸D．酪氨酸答案：C解析：脯氨酸是20种氨基酸的亚氨基酸，易折角。
26、蛋白质二级结构是指分子中：A.氨基酸的排列顺序 B.每一氨基酸侧链的空间构象 C.局部主链的空间构象 D.亚基间相对的空间位置 E.每一原子的相对空间位置答案：C 解析：二级‐局部；三级‐整条；四级‐多条。
27、下列哪种反应可用于检测蛋白质的水解程度？A、茚三酮反应B、考马斯亮蓝法C、米伦反应D、双缩脲反应答案：D解析：双缩脲反应的底物是肽键，水解程度越深，肽键越少，生成的紫色化合物越少，溶液颜色越浅。
28、丙二酸能竞争性抑制三羧酸循环是因为结构类似A.α‐酮戊二酸B.延胡索酸C.琥珀酸D.柠檬酸答案：C解析：丙二酸结构类似于琥珀酸，抑制琥珀酸脱氢酶，从而抑制了三羧酸循环。
属于竞争性抑制作用。
29、乳酸循环所需NADH主要来自：A、糖酵解过程B、三羧酸循环C、磷酸戊糖途径D、天冬氨酸穿梭途径答案：A解析：肌肉运动产生乳酸，运到肝脏异生为糖，再返回肌肉，称为乳酸循环， 肌肉运动产生乳酸所需NADH来自磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶。
30、作用于溶血磷脂2生成磷酸甘油的是：A、磷脂酶A1B、磷脂酶A2D、磷脂酶B2答案：D解析：磷脂酶A1作用于甘油磷脂生成溶血磷脂2，磷脂酶B2作用于溶血磷脂2生成磷酸甘油。
31.、下列对氨基酸脱氨基后生成的α‐酮酸直接代谢去路的叙述不正确的是A、氧化功能B、再合成氨基酸C、某些能转变成脂类D、参与嘌呤、嘧啶的合成答案：D解析：谷氨酸脱去一个氨基变成α‐酮戊二酸可参与氧化、合成氨基酸，丙氨酸脱去一个氨基变成丙酮酸，可生成乙酰辅酶A参与脂类合成。
32、氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ的激活剂是：A、N‐乙酰谷氨酸（AGA）B、精氨酸C、琥珀酸D、鸟氨酸答案：A答案：尿素合成关键酶氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ的激活剂是：N‐乙酰谷氨酸（AGA）。
33、甲硫氨酸循环的主要作用是：A、生成一碳单位B、脱羧基作用C、转氨基作用D、生成SAM提供活性甲基答案：D解析：甲硫氨酸循环生成S‐腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM），是甲基的直接供体。
34、冈崎片段产生的原因是：A、DNA复制速度快B、双向复制C、复制延长与解链方向相反D、复制时DNA有缠绕打结现象答案：C解析：复制顺着解链方向生成的子链复制连续进行的，另一链复制方向与解链方向相反，不能连续延长，产生冈崎片段。
35、DNA复制时领头链合成全过程中不需要的酶是A、引物酶B、解螺旋酶C、拓扑异构酶答案：D解析：DNA连接酶参与随从链合成，复制终止时参与不同片段的连接。
36、在真核生物复制起始和延长中起关键作用A、DNA‐pol αB、DNA‐pol βC、DNA‐pol γD、PCNA答案：D解析：PCNA（增殖细胞核抗原）在真核生物复制起始和延长中起关键作用。
37、下列物质属于体内嘧啶碱分解代谢终产物的是：A、尿素B、尿酸C、CO2和NH3D、CO2和H2O答案：C解析：嘧啶合成的原料为：天冬氨酸、谷氨酰胺、CO2 、一碳单位。