考研写作核心词 例子

一、生态环境（一）环境保护1. 环境保护 environmental protection提高环保意识 enhance environmental awareness 保持生态平衡keep ecological balance生态系统ecosystem生态示范区ecological demonstration zone生态农业eco-agriculture生态旅游ecotourism自然保护区nature reserve持续发展战略 sustainable development strategy 防风防沙林wind and sand breaks宜人的生活环境 pleasant living environment2. 节能减排save energy &reduce the emission of greenhouse gases降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation 环保产品environment-friendly products低碳经济low carbon economy清洁可再生能源clean renewable energy核能nuclear energy太阳能solar energy大功率电器high-power electrical appliance二氧化碳carbon dioxide气候变化climate change(二)环境恶化1.环境恶化environmental deterioration乱砍乱伐deforestation防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation 水土流失water and soil erosion沙漠化desertification人口增长population growth野生动物保护 wildlife protection野生物种wild species频危物种endangered species商业捕鱼commercial fishing过度捕捞overfishing过度开发reckless exploitation2. 自然灾害natural disasters / catastrophe破坏性灾难的 destructive and disastrous …沙尘暴sandstorm沙丘sand dune/hill旱灾drought水灾flood雪灾snowstorm（三）环境污染1.环境治理污染者负责的政策“the polluters-pay” policy 执法检查law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time2. 白色污染 white pollution限制使用一次性塑料袋:prohibit the use of disposable plastic bags可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway biodegradable plastic bags一次性筷子disposable chopsticks3.垃圾乱扔垃圾litter丢弃throw, discard垃圾trash, rubbish, garbage垃圾分类garbage classification城市垃圾无害处理decontamination of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill三废three types of wastes(waste water/ gas , solid waste) 工业废弃物industrial waste有毒废物toxic waste综合利用multipurpose use水资源保护区water resource conservation zone 污水处理sewage treatment集中处理厂centralized treatment plant再生水recycled water4.空气污染空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles小排量汽车small-engine vehicles工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emissions矿物燃料fossil fuels(coal, oil and natural gas）关键词]sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫，一氧化碳)sustainable development strategy had been made, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide levels were up 25 percent nationally and particulates(微粒)were increased by more than 14 percent. What is more, over half the steel plants(钢铁厂) and nonferrous smelters（有色冶炼厂）continued to be in violation ofgovernmentalregulations.关键词]bald eagles, pygathrix nemaeusverge of extinction. Recently, the central government has put bald eagles on the list. And pygathrix nemaeus（白臀叶猴）had almost been erased from our continent.二、教育文化类1. 教育学士bachelor’s degree硕士master’s degree博士doctor’s degree获得学位acquire a degree文学学士Master of Arts (M.A.)理学硕士Master of Science (M.S.)幼儿园nursery /kindergarten高等教育higher education大学生college / university students大学毕业生college / university graduates学院institute商学院business school法学院law school研究生院graduate school全体教师faculty系department教学设施teaching facilities食堂dining hall宿舍dormitory选修课elective / optional course学杂费tuition fees and other expenses终身教育life-long education 素质教育education for all-round development 义务教育compulsory education应试教育exam-oriented education成人教育adult education理论知识theoretical knowledge实践技能practical skills信息时代information era知识爆炸时代 era of information explosion影响学习成绩 affect school achievements逃课skip classes学习成绩academic performance学习氛围academic atmosphere开阔眼界broaden one’s horizon激发兴趣stimulate one’s interest开发潜能tap one’s potential减负reduce study load文理分科separation between liberal arts and science 放松的大学生活 relaxing college life招生recruitment录取enrollment申请进入apply for admission to / into …高考College Entrance Examination考研National Entrance Test for M.A. / M.S. Candidates 就业市场job market雇主employer雇员employee职业培训vocational training关键词]:an efficient and reliableknowledge; test of memory, working under pressure, create anxiety, dropouts, suicides, deprive people of free learning, creation, imagination, a more healthy attitude toward success and failure.Admittedly, tests do contribute to the current educational system. After all, throughout centuries, they remain to be the most efficient and reliable method to pick the most talented applicants in almost every field. However, exams tend to emphasize the memory of information. By comparison, some essential elements such as freedom, creation and imagination are to a large extent ignored. There is another disadvantage, that is, tests frequently put people under pressure, create numbers ofdropouts and in some extreme cases, are partially responsible for the suicides of some students.①A good book is a good friend.②Genius without education is like silver in the mine.(Benjamin Franklin ,American president)③Knowledge is power.④Experience is the mother of science.⑤Science and technology constitute the primary productive force2 .文化文化交流cultural exchanges文化融合cultural blending / integration传统中国文化traditional Chinese culture儒家Confucianism佛家Buddhism道家Daoism / Taoism京剧Peking Opera中国书法Chinese calligraphy西方文化western cultures启蒙运动Enlightenment人本主义humanism后现代主义post-modernism多元文化multi-cultures; pluralistic / mosaic cultures文化多元化cultural diversity保存珍惜preserve and cherish取其精华，去其糟粕absorb its essence and resist its dark side积极促进文化发展promote cultural development positively辉煌灿烂的文化遗产splendid and glorious cultural heritage与时俱进keep pace with times跨文化交流cross-cultural communication文化差异cultural differences文化传统cultural traditions人类文明human civilization精神文明spiritual civilization主流文化mainstream culture解读经典interpretation of classics流行文化popular culture电视广告泛滥the pervasive advertisements on TV 偶像崇拜idol worship上网成瘾web addiction虚拟生活virtual life网上交友making friends online 网聊chatting on the Internet网络谣言online gossip团购group / integrate buying / purchase网络监管the Internet supervision网络暴力the Internet violence不负责任言论irresponsible remarks购买彩票buy lottery tickets数码产品digital products手机短信text message垃圾短信junk messagemobile phone subscription关键词]:boost self-confidence增强自信，逃避现实，stress:压力，withdraw:离群According to psychologists, many young people suffering from shyness(羞怯) also risk becoming addicted to computers.Success with computers provides them with the self-confidence they lack in their personal lives. Zimbardo fears that shy youngsters who take refuge in the computer may fail to learnand practice important social skills needed later in life.关键词]safeguard intellectual property ,CD-ROMs, counterfeit（伪造的）trademarks（商标）In March, China and the U.S. averted（避免）a trade war when they reached an agreement to safeguard U.S. intellectual property rights and ban the sale of pirated（盗版的）compact disks （CD光盘）, videos, CD-ROMs, and counterfeit trademark goods including jeans, jackets and T-shirts.[关键词]:make nonsense of values(使一文不值) in the society; a frivolous（轻佻的）contribution to the society, artificially created reputation, lack of real talent, mass hysteria（不正常的兴奋）among young people, create fashions, way of life, style of dress, drug-taking（吸毒）Individuals, teenagers in particular, tend to be more impressed by such superficial elements of a star: the way of his life, the style of his dress. However, these youngsters fail to realize that most of these elements are mostly artificially created reputation. What's more, some pop stars, under scrutiny, show a quite different image. Some of them turn out to be drug addicts; otherslack the real talent ; quite a few of them make a nonsense value in the society . All in all, star worship is nothing more than a part of market promotion . It creates mass hysteria among young people, but makes frivolous contribution to the society.三、人生哲理类1. 独立 自立 self-dependence 溺爱 dote, spoil 独生子女 only child激烈竞争 fierce competition啃老族boomerang kids, NEET (Not currently engaged in Education, Employment or Training) 不劳而获 reap without sowing2. 坚持 不断努力make constant efforts决不停止进步 never stop making progress 获得成功 achieve success 创新 innovation 勤奋 diligence 奋斗精神 striving spirit 人生观 outlook of life 世界观 world outlook 恒心 perseverance 耐心 patience 谨慎 prudence3. 信心 自信 self-confidence 谦虚 modesty缺乏自信 lack of confidence高估困难 exaggerate / overestimate difficulties 低估能力 underestimate one ’s abilities4. 合作团队合作 teamwork 团队精神 team spirit与他人合作 cooperate with others 互相帮助 help each other齐心协力/众志成城 joint / cooperative efforts5. 乐观 保持乐观 keep optimistic积极态度 positive attitude 悲观 pessimism悲观的 be pessimisticbenevolencecases exist to illustrate how important love is. Consider Miss Sullivan, the governess of Helen Keller. But for her considerate care and sincere love , Helen Keller would probably live in a shadow world forever. Sure enough, it is Sullivan's back up (支持) that enlightens the girl, who is blind and deaf. It is Sullivan's support that finally creates Helen Keller as oneof the most outstanding writers in the world. [关键词]:friends, family members, social emotional sustenance(情感支持), tangible resources （有形资源）, aid, a sense of belonging to a social network.Support from friends, family members, and others who care for us to go a long way in helping us to get by in times of trouble . Social support systems provide us with emotional sustenance , tangible resources and aid , and information when we are in need.People with social support feel cared about and valued by others and feel a sense of belonging to a larger social network.patience and perseverance （毅力） remains a tunnel directing people from a glorious victory . the British essayist thanks to his overwhelming patience and persistence, he eventually completed a Herculean （极费力的，力大无比的）work in the history of English language, the first Dictionary of Contemporary English in the world.①To strive ，to seek ，to find ，and not to yield. ②Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.四、社会热点类1. 健康生理健康physical health心理健康mental / psychological health / fitness 健康问题health concern亚健康sub-health公共卫生public health心态state of mind体育锻炼physical exercises均衡饮食well-balanced diet垃圾食品junk food减肥/节食go on a diet提供医疗服务provide medical services牺牲健康sacrifice health短期经济利益short-term economic benefits全面禁烟total tobacco ban疾病illness / disease慢性病chronic disease传染病infectious disease酗酒alcoholism癌症cancer医疗体制改革reform of medical system关键词]:smoking and bronchitis（支气管炎）, heart attacks, lung cancer, live lostAccording to the recent surveys, cigarette smoking is at least responsible for some diseases such as bronchitis, heart attacks and lung cancer. Worse still, approximately three million people die from their excessive smoking. And unless some measures were taken, the toll（伤亡/代价）would be increasing in the future.Health is happiness.2. 两代关系代沟generation gap弥合差距bridge the gap相互理解mutual understanding误解misunderstanding照顾care, take care of, look after虐待mistreat, maltreat, ill-treat老龄化社会aging society人口老龄化population aging老年人old / aged peoplethe old / aged /elders / elderlysenior citizens奉行孝道practice filial piety3. 社会公德公德public morality传统美德traditional virtues责任感sense of responsibility责任duty / responsibility承担责任shoulder / assume / undertake one’s responsibilities 逃避责任avoid / shirk / shun one’s responsibilities奉献devote / dedicate; devotion / dedication 无私奉献selfless devotion信任危机the crisis of trust公德堕落the corruption of public morality 道德缺失the lack of moral sense不道德行为immoral behaviors希望工程Project Hope中国红十字会China Red Cross Foundation慈善charity捐款donate / donation贫困乡村地区 poor rural areas入学start schooling辍学drop out of school完成学业finish school尊老爱幼 to respect the old and care for the young 随地吐痰spit everywhere大声喧哗 make noise, talk loudly4. 职业道德空洞承诺empty promise虚假承诺false promise伪劣产品fake commodities诚信honesty学术腐败academic corruption剽窃抄袭plagiarism食品安全food safety工程质量construction quality地沟油drainage oil毒奶粉poisonous milk powder婴儿配方奶粉 infant formula食品添加剂food additives药价虚高unaffordable prices of medicines 过度上涨excessive growth非法广告illegal ads不公平竞争unfair competitions争抢利益compete for benefits治标不治本address symptoms but not root causes 管理部门administration departments监管部门supervision departments商家merchant厂家manufacturer企业经营者enterprises operator有关当局authorities concerned收受贿赂take bribes漠视法律disregard of laws推卸责任shift the blame onto …消费者权益consumers’ rights and interests伪专家unqualified experts公正有效地履行责任perform one’s tasks fairly and effectively提供礼貌热情的服务provide polite and hospitable service腐败现象corruption phenomenonA man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.5. 交通公交专用车道 bus lane（机动车）单双号限行odd-and-even license plate rule早晚高峰morning and evening peak交通拥堵traffic jam / congestion, heavy traffic 交通高峰期rush hour公共交通线路网 public transport network尾号限行traffic restrictions based on the last digit of lice nse plate numbers交通管制traffic control无车日car-free day私家车private cars交通事故traffic accidents发展公共交通 develop public transport醉驾drunk drive酒后驾车drive under the influence of alcohol 行人pedestrian[关键词]:Tokyo, narrow lanes（车道）,（辐射状的）highways, overcrowded, parking, blaring vehicles.)Much of the street pattern of Tokyo dates to historic times and is made of narrow, crooked （弯曲的）lanes that are unsuitable for heavy use by automobiles. The radiating highways and expressways that were put in to modernize the road network are usually badly overcrowded, and traffic moves at a slow pace.6 .经济管理经济危机economic/financial crisis;financial turmoil/meltdown经济不景气recession/depression;bleeding/ slugging economy失业lose one’s job,be unemployed, be redundant失业加剧unemployment climbjob losses mount找工作seek employment找工作者job seeker严峻的就业形势 a tough job market信心大增confidence jump信心下滑confidence slump经济复苏economic recovery经济危机的影响the crisis’ fallout应对危机face /meet the crisis, fight crisis重建信心confidence reconstruction遏制衰退contain declines减缓衰退slow down declines安居工程affordable / comfortable housing project 成本削减cost-cutting创造新的就业generate new employment刺激消费stimulate consumer spending恢复revive, recovery, turnaround积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy减少裁员refrain from laying off employees 减员downsize / cut the salaried work force 结构调整structural adjustment .经济刺激方案stimulus package / plan就业指导career guidance扩大内需expand /propel / drive domestic demand 基础设施建设 infrastructure construction减免税收tax relief实行节约practice economy适度宽松的货币政策moderately loose monetary policy政府紧急援助 government bailout政府做某事的决定 government’s vow to do sth 市场经济体制 the market economy system经济全球化economic globalization国际经济组织 international economic organization 科技进步 advancements in science and technology 跨国公司multinationals私营企业private enterprises汽车产业automobile industry房地产业real estate industry电信产业telecommunication industry国产品牌domestic/national / Chinese brand 市场份额market share / portion公司company/ corporation企业enterprise员工staff / personnel工作满意度job satisfaction工作压力work / working pressure提高福利待遇 improve welfare and treatment吸引外资attract foreign investment法律保护legal protection深远的社会经济影响profound social and economic impact改革开放the reform and opening-up社会保障体系social security system住房问题housing problem公共基础设施public infrastructure摩天大楼skyscraper可持续的城市发展 sustainable urban development 城市化urbanizationActions speak louder than words！。