新编英语教程 6 Unit 9 教案

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新编英语教程6练习与答案

新编英语教程6练习与答案高级英语（二）教与学指南Practice TestsforAdvanced English(2)主编张华鸿第五、六册本书的主要特点：1．2．前言编写本书的目的：目前英语专业三年级所使用的由上海外国语大学李观仪教授主编的〈新编英语教程〉紧扣精读课文编写练习，实用性、针对性强。

对于同义词辨析的练习配以详尽的解释和相应的例句，旨在帮助学生真正弄懂并掌握这些词的用法。

3．设计了旨在提高学生语言运用熟练程度的系列练习，分别为：一、英语释义二、英语句型转换三、汉译英四、完形填空五、成段改错4．练习均配有参考答案。

本书由张华鸿主编。

高华老师负责编写同义词辨析部分；郑艳丽老师负责编写句型转换部分；张华鸿老师负责编写英语释义、汉译英、完形填空和成段改错四部分，以及全书的编排、设计、整合与审编定稿等工作。

本书承华南师范大学外国语言文化学院领导的大力支持，以及英语系高年级教研室全体同仁的热心帮助，编者在此表示衷心的感谢。

编者2021年1月于华南师范大学外文学院ContentsUnit One: *****S ERUPTSUnit Two: THE FINE ART OF ***** THINGS OFFUnit Three: WALLS AND *****SUnit Four: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？Unit Five: THE LADY，OR THE TIGER？Unit Six: DULL WORKUnit Seven: BEAUTYUnit Eight: *****EUnit Nine: A RED LIGHT FOR *****WSUnit Ten: *****T-A *****ACYUnit Eleven: ON *****ING *****IPTS TOFLOPPY DISCS AND *****S TO *****NUnit Twelve: GRANT AND LEEUnit Thirteen: *****SMUnit Fourteen: THAT *****ING *****---NATUREUnit Fifteen: *****G AS **********3 16 28 40 53 65 74 84 98 114 131 147 163 175 191TEXT I Unit One*****S ERUPTSI. Paraphrase the parts underlined in the following:So the letter which you asked me to write on my uncle s death has made you eager tohear about the terrors and also the hazards I had to face 12I took a bath, dined, and then dozed 3had been earth 4Campania: but that night the shocks were so violent that everything fell as if it were notonly shaken but overturned.I don t know whether I should call this courage or 5on my part (I was onlyseventeen at the time) but I 6 and went on reading as if I hadnothing else to do.Up came a friend of my uncle s who had just come from Spain to join him. When hesaw us sitting there and me actually reading, he scolded us both ―me for my 7and my mother for allowing it.By now it was dawn [25 August in the year 79], but the light was still dim and 8The buildings round us were already 9and the open space we were in was toosmall for us not to be in real and 10danger if the house collapsed. This finally 11to leave the town. We were followed by a panic- stricken mob of peoplewanting to act on someone else s decision 12looks like 13who 14in a densecrowd.We also saw the sea sucked away and apparently forced back by the earthquake: at anyrate it receded from the shore so that 1516sand. On the landward side a fearful black cloud was 17of flame, and parted to reveal great tongues of fire, like flashes of lightning magnified insize.At this point my uncle s friend from Spain 18still more urgently: “If yourbrother, if your uncle is still alive, he will want you both to be saved; if he is dead, he wouldwant you to survive him so why put off your escape?”Soon afterwards the cloud sank down to earth and covered the sea; it had already 19Capri and hidden the promontory of Misenum from sight. Then my mother 20I looked round: a dense black cloud was coming up behind us, spreading over the earthlike a flood. “Let us leave the road while we can still see,” I said, “or we shall be knockeddown and 21in the dark by the crowd behind.”You could hear the shrieks of women, the 22some were calling their parents, others their children or their wives, trying to recognize them by their voices. People 23were some who 2425gods, but still more imagined there were no gods left, and that the universe was plungedinto eternal darkness forevermore. There were people, too, who 26inventing 27part was on fire, and though their tales were false they found others to believe them. A 28than daylight.I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear 2930dying with me and I with it.We returned to Misenum where we 31and then spent an anxious night alternating between hope and fear.II. Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to1. We were followed by a panic-stricken mob of people wanting to act on someone else sdecision in preference to their own, who hurried us on our wayby pressing hard behindin a dense crowd.2. We replied that we would not think of considering our own safety as long as we wereuncertain of his.3. There were people, too, who added to the real perils by inventing fictitious dangers: somereported that part of Misenum had collapsed or another part was on fire, and though theirtales were false they found others to believe them.4. I could boast that not a groan or cry of fear escaped me in these perils, had I not derivedsome poor consolation in my mortal lot from the belief that the whole world was dyingwith me and I with it.5. Several hysterical individuals made their own and other people s calamities seemludicrous in comparison with their frightful predictions.Compared with several individuals frightful predictions, the calamities____________III. Translate the following into English1. 还未等我们坐下来喘息，夜幕已经降临，这黑暗使你觉得不是在无月色或多云的夜晚，而像是在灯火熄灭的紧闭的房间里。

新编英语教程(第三版)第一册第六课课件

If two call you a donkey, check for hoof prints. If three call
us.
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises
gross: (infml) very unpleasant to look at or think about e.g.: Ooh, gross! I hate spinach!
wet my fur: urinate on my fur 尿湿身上
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises
humiliation: a feeling of shame and great embarrassment, because you have been made to look stupid or weak 羞辱 e.g.: She faced the humiliation of discussing her husband’s
新编英语教程（第三版）第一册
A New English Course (Third Edit 3
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Unit 7
Unit 8
Unit 9
Unit 10
Unit 11
Unit 12
Unit 13
Unit 14
Unit 15
Unit 6 Save Our Pandas Lead-In LSP Dialogue Role Play Reading Exercises

高级英语（新编英语教程6）课文词汇

高级英语（新编英语教程6）课文词汇高英Unit1—8词汇Unit11．insight: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep instinctive understanding of a situation. 洞察力。

2.checkered tablecloth: tablecloth that has a pattern consisting of alternating squares of different colours. The British spelling of checkered is chequered．有方格图案的桌布。

3.chew the cud: think reflectively。

反复思考。

4.gnome: (in legends) a little old man who lives underground and guards the earth’s treasures土地神；a small ugly person侏儒。

5.melancholy: (adj.) sad，gloomy，depressed.忧郁地。

6.berate: scold or criticize angrily。

严责。

7.a perverse streak: an obstinate quality。

固执。

8.ruefully: regretfully。

悔恨地。

9.drag: (slang) a boring thing；nuisance。

令人厌烦的东西10.immortality: never-ending life or endless fame。

不朽, 不朽的声名Unit21.cool one’s heels：be forced to wait; be kept waiting。

空等。

2.attest to：testify to; serve as an evidence to affirm／to be proof of。

新编英语教程6下课文（ANEWENGLISHCOURSE6：Unit9-12TextI）

Unit Nine Text I A Red Light for Scofflaws Frank Trippettw-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in U.S. history. Y et it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. Indeed, there are moments today—amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy—when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future. Harvard Sociologist David Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course. Already, Riesman says, the ethic of U.S. society is in danger of becoming this: "Y ou're a fool if you obey the rules."2.Nothing could be more obvious than the evidence supporting Riesman. Scofflaws abound in amazing variety. The graffiti-prone turn public surfaces into visual rubbish. Bicyclists often ride as though two-wheeled vehicles are exempt from all traffic laws. Litterbugs convert their communities into trash dumps. Widespread flurries of ordinances have failed to clear public places of high-decibel portable radios, just as earlier laws failed to wipe out the beer-soaked hooliganism that plagues many parks. Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say NO SMOKING. Respectably dressed pot smokers no longer bother to duck out of public sight to pass around a joint. The flagrant use of cocaine is a festering scandal in middle-and upper-class life. And then there are (hello, Everybody!) the jaywalkers.3.The dangers of scofflawry vary wildly. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location. The fare beater on the subway presents less threat to life than the landlord who ignores fire safety statutes. The most immediately and measurably dangerous scofflawry, however, also happens to be the most visible. The culprit is the American driver, whose lawless activities today add up to a colossal public nuisance. The hazards range from routine double parking that jams city streets to the drunk driving that kills some 25,000 people and injures at least 650,000 others yearly. Illegal speeding on open highways? New surveys show that on some interstate highways 83% of all drivers are currently ignoring the federal 55 m.p.h. speed limit.4.The most flagrant scofflaw of them all is the red-light runner. The flouting of stop signals has got so bad in Boston that residents tell an anecdote about a cabby who insists that red lights are "just for decoration." The power of the stoplight to control traffic seems to be waning everywhere. In Los Angeles, red-light running has become perhaps the city's most common traffic violation. In New Y ork City, going through an intersection is like Russian roulette. Admits Police Commissioner Robert J. McGuire: "Today it's a 50-50 toss-up as to whether people will stop for a red light." Meanwhile, his own police largely ignore the lawbreaking.5.Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved. The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood. Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility. If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw's salute to the force of law-and-order. Thered-light runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitious and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order. 6.The scofflaw spirit is pervasive. It is not really surprising when schools find, as some do, that children frequently enter not knowing some of the basic rules of living together. For all their differences, today's scofflaws are of a piece as a symptom of elementary social demoralization—the loss by individuals of the capacity to govern their own behavior in the interest of others.7.The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette. Society's first concern will remain major crime (see Cover Story), but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston. Drivers on Houston freeways have been showing an increasing tendency to replace the rules of the road with violent outbreaks. Items from the Houston police department's new statistical category—freeway traffic violence: 1) Driver flashes high-beam lights at car that cut in front of him, whose occupants then hurl a beer can at his windshield, kick out his tail lights, slug him eight stitches' worth. 2) Dump-truck driver annoyed by delay batters trunk of stalled car ahead and its driver with steel bolt. 3) Hurrying driver of 18-wheel truck deliberately rear-ends car whose driver was trying to stay within 55 m.p.h. limit. The Houston Freeway Syndrome has fortunately not spread everywhere. But the question is: Will it?8.Americans are used to thinking that law-and-order is threatened mainly by stereotypical violent crime. When the foundations of U.S. law have actually been shaken, however, it has always been because ordinary law-abiding citizens took to skirting the law. Major instance: Prohibition. Recalls Donald Barr Chidsey in On and Off the Wagon: "Lawbreaking proved to be not painful, not even uncomfortable, but, in a mild and perfectly safe way, exhilarating." People wiped out Prohibition at last not only because of the alcohol issue but because scofflawry was seriously undermining the authority and legitimacy of government. Ironically, today's scofflaw spirit, whatever its undetermined origins, is being encouraged unwittingly by government at many levels. The failure of police to enforce certain laws is only the surface of the problem; they take their mandate from the officials and constituents they serve. Worse, most state legislatures have helped subvert popular compliance with the federal 55 m.p.h. law, some of them by enacting puny fines that trivialize transgressions. On a higher level, the Administration in Washington has dramatized its wish to nullify civil rights laws simply by opposing instead of supporting certain court-ordered desegregation rulings. With considerable justification, environmental groups, in the words of Wilderness magazine, accuse the Administration of "destroying environmental laws by failing to enforce them, or by enforcing them in ways that deliberately encourage noncompliance." Translation: scofflawry at the top.9.The most disquieting thing about the scofflaw spirit is its extreme infectiousness. Only a terminally foolish society would sit still and allow it to spread indefinitely.From: M. A. Miller, pp. 266-269Unit Ten Text I Straight-A Illiteracy James P. Degnan1.Despite all the current fuss and bother about the extraordinary number of ordinary illiterates who overpopulate our schools, small attention has been given to another kind of illiterate, an illiterate whose plight is, in many ways, more important, because he is more influential. This illiterate may, as often as not, be a university president, but he is typically a Ph.D., a successful professor and textbook author. The person to whom I refer is the straight-A illiterate, and the following is written in an attempt to give him equal time with his widely publicized counterpart. Comment on the the effect of the present tense, the parallelism, and name of the student, and other linguistic devices used to highlight the problem of this straight-A illiterate.2.The scene is my office, and I am at work, doing what must be done if one is to assist in the cure of a disease that, over the years, I have come to call straight-A illiteracy. I am interrogating, I am cross-examining, I am prying and probing for the meaning of a student’s paper. The student is a college senior with a straight-A average, an extremely bright, highly articulate student who has just been awarded a coveted fellowship to one of the nation’s outstanding graduate schools. He and I have been at this, have been going over his paper sentence by sentence, word by word, for an hour. “The choice of exogenous variables in relation to multi-colinearity,” I hear myself reading from his pape r, “is contingent upon the derivations of certain multiple correlation coefficients.” I pause to catch my breath. “Now that statement, I address the student --- whom I shall call, allegorically, Mr. Bright —“that statement, Mr. Bright, what on earth does it mean?” Mr. Bright, his brow furrowed, tries mightily. Finally, with both of us combining our linguistic and imaginative re-sources, finally, after what seems another hour, we decode it. We decide exactly what it is that Mr. Bright is trying to say, what he really wants to say, which is: “Supply determines demand.”3.Over the past decade or so, I have known many students like him, many college seniors suffering from Bright’s disease. It attacks the best minds, and gradually destroys the critical faculties, making it impossible for the sufferer to detect gibberish in his own writing or in that of others. During the years of higher education it grows worse, reaching its terminal stage, typically, when its victim receives his Ph.D. Obviously, the victim of Br ight’s disease is no ordinary illiterate. He would never turn in a paper with misspellings or errors in punctuation; he would never use a double negative or the word “irregardless.” Nevertheless, he is illiterate, in the worst way: he is incapable of saying, in writing, simply and clearly, what he means. The ordinary illiterate --- perhaps providentially protected from college and graduate school --- might say: “Them people down at the shop better stock up on what our customers need, or we ain’t gonna be in business long.” Not our man. Taking his cue from years of higher education, years of reading the textbooks and professional journals that are the major sources of his affliction, he writes: “The focus of concentration must rest upon objectives centered around the knowledge of customer areas so that a sophisticated awareness of those areas can serve as an entrepreneurial filter to screen what is relevant from what is irrelevant to future commitments.” For writing such gibberish he is awarded straight As on his papers (both samples quoted above were taken from papers that received As), and the opportunity to move, inexorably, toward his fellowship and eventual Ph.D.4.As I have suggested the major cause of such illiteracy is the stuff --- the textbooks and professional journals --- the straight-A illiterate is forced to read during his years of higher education. He learns to write gibberish by reading it, and by being taught to admire it asprofundity. If he is majoring in sociology, he must grapple with such journals as the American Sociological Review, journals bulging with barbarous jargon, such as “ego-integrative action orientation”and “orientation toward improvement of the gratificational-deprivation balance of the actor” (the latter of which monstrous phr ases represents, to quote Malcolm Cowley, the sociologist’s way of saying “the pleasure principle”). In such journals, Mr. Cowley reminds us, two things are never described as being “alike.” They are “homologous” or “isomorphic. Nor are things simply “different.” They are “allotropic.” In such journals writers never “divide anything.” They “dichotomize” or “bifurcate” things.From: M. A. Miller, pp. 355-358Unit Eleven Text I On Consigning Manuscripts to Floppy Discs and Archives to OblivionWillis E. McNelly1.Manuscripts, those vital records of an author’s creative process, are an endangered species. The advent of word processors, and their relatively low cost together with increasing simplic ity, means that even impoverished, unpublished, would-be write rs’ (as well as the Names who top the best-seller list) have turned to their Wangs, IBMs and Apples, inserted Wordstar, Scriptsit or Apple Writer programs and busily begun writing, editing and revising their creative efforts. The result? A floppy disc!2.We should deplore the disappearance of manuscripts. How can anyone, student or scholar, learn anything about the creative process from a floppy disc? Can this wobbly plastic reveal the hours, the endless hours, where beauty was born out of its own despair (as William Butler Y eats put it) and blear-eyed wisdom out of midnight oil? Manuscripts are these records of creative agony, often sweat-stained, coffee-splattered or cigarette-charred. Manuscripts tell us what went on in a writer’s soul, how he or she fel t during the agony of creation. Edna St.V incent Millay may have burned the candle at both ends and wondered at its lovely light, but her first I drafts are treasures for future generations.3.Imagine if Yeats had written those magnificent lyrics celebrating his futile love for Maud Gonne on a word processor! No floppy disc can possibly reveal the depth of his sorrow. Almost a century later his manuscripts in the National Library in Dublin still glow with the power of his passion. They tell young, wan poets of either sex that faded tearstains are not new, that their feelings, hopes, despairs, loves and losses are actually eternal. Suppose Ray Bradbury had written “Fahrenheit 451” on a Wang. How appropriate, even ironic, it might have been had his various drafts gone the way of the burning books that he deplores and disappeared into a memory bank.4.Fortunately, any student of writing can inspect those same drafts in the Special Collections Library of California State University, Fullerton. Novices and professionals alike can examine how a brief story, “The Fireman,” grew into an unpublished novelette, “Fire Burn, Fire Burn!” and then developed into another longer version, “The Hearth and the Salamander,” also unpublished. The final copy (complete with an occasional typo, since it was typed by the author himself) is available for inspection. On these pages Bradbury’s own bold handwriting has substituted a vivid verb for a flabby one, switched a sentence or two around, sharpened or sometimes eliminated an adjective, substituted a better noun. The manuscript provides a perfect example of the artist at work. We would never see that kind of development or final polishing on any number of floppy discs.5.Moreover, put a lot of manuscripts together and you have an archive. Memoranda, diaries, journals, jottings, first, second and third drafts --- these archives are important to all of us. The archives of a city are often musty collections of scribbled scraps of paper, meaningful doodles about boundary lines or endless handwritten records of marriages, divorces, deeds, births and deaths. Our country’s archives of all kinds are a priceless heritage. The National Archives is jammed with ragged papers, preserved for the scrutiny of historians.6.Manuscripts tell us how Thomas Jef ferson’s mind worked as he drafted the Declaration of Independence. A famous letter to the president of Y ale informs us of Benjamin Franklin’s true feelings about religion. We’ve learned volumes from the diaries, papers, letters and exhortations of those who put our Constitution together. Would we know as much if they had done it all on a newfloppy disc? Unthinkable!7.Similarly, would letters from famous men and women spewed out on a dot-matrix printer have the same fascination as an original holograph? Would a machine-signed, mass-produced letter generated in some White House basement have the same emotional impact --- or the same value, for that matter --- as a handwritten letter mailed by Citizen Ronald Reagan in 1965, complete with hand-addressed envelope and canceled 5-cent stamp? Hardly.8.James Joyce once wrote that the errors of an artist are the portals of discovery. Unfortunately, we’ll never know of those errors if clean, neat, immaculate but errorless floppy discs replace tattered, pen-scratched, scissored, taped, yellowed, rewritten, retyped manuscripts. Libraries preserve them, students learn from them, auctioneers cry them at fabulous prices, owners cherish them. And word processors totally eliminate them. Our loss would be incalculable.9.Manuscripts are our gift to our heritage, and we have no right to deprive future generations of learning how we think and feel, simply because we find word processing more convenient. Patiently corrected manuscripts, not floppy discs, can tell any novice writer or future historian that writing is hard work, that it takes vision and revision alike --- and that it should be done on paper, not with electrons on a screen.From: J. R. McCuen and A. C. Winkler, pp. 512-515Unit Twelve Text I Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts Bruce Catton1.When Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee met in the parlor of a modest house at Appomattox Court House’, V irginia, on April 9, 1865, to work out the terms for the surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern V irginia, a great chapter in American life came to a close, and a great new chapter began.2.These men were bringing the Civil War to its virtual finish. To be sure, other armies had yet to surrender, and for a few days the fugitive Confederate government would struggle desperately and vainly, trying to find some way to go on living now that its chief support was gone. But in effect it was all Over when Grant and Lee signed the papers. And the little room where they wrote out the terms was the scene of one of the poignant, dramatic contrasts in American history.3.They were two strong men, these oddly different generals, and they represented the strengths, of two conflicting currents that, through them, had come into final collision.4.Back ofRobert E. Lee was the notion that the old aristocratic concept might somehow survive and be dominant in American life.5.Lee was tidewater V irginia, and in his background were family, culture, and tradition… the age of chivalry transplanted to a New World which was making its own legends and its own myths. He embodied a way of life that had come down through the age of knighthood and the English country squire. America was a land that was beginning all over again, dedicated to nothing much more complicated than the rather hazy belief that all men had equal rights and should have an equal chance in the world. In such a land Lee stood for the feeling that it was somehow of advantage to human society to have a pronounced inequality in the social structure. There should be a leisure class, backed by ownership of land; in turn, society itself should be keyed to the land as the chief source of wealth and influence. It would bring forth (according to this ideal) a class of men with a strong sense of obligation to the community; men who lived not to gain advantage for themselves, but to meet the solemn obligations which had been laid on them by the very fact that they were privileged. From them the country would get its leadership; to them it could look for the higher values --- of thought, of conduct, of personal deportment --- to give it strength and virtue.6.Lee embodied the noblest elements of this aristocratic ideal. Through him, the landed nobility justified itself. For four years, the Southern states had fought a desperate war to uphold the ideals for which Lee stood. In the end, it almost seemed as if the Confederacy fought for Lee; as if he himself was the Confederacy... the best thing that the way of life for which the Confederacy stood could ever have to offer. He had passed into legend before Appomattox. Thousands of tired, underfed, poorly clothed Confederate soldiers, long since past the simple enthusiasm of the early days of the struggle, somehow considered Lee the symbol of everything for which they had been willing to die. But they could not quite put this feeling into words. If the Lost Cause, sanctified by so much heroism and so many deaths, had a living justification, its justification was General Lee.7.Grant, the son of a tanner on the Western frontier, was everything Lee was not. He had come up the hard way and embodied nothing in particular except the eternal toughness and sinewy fiber of the men who grew up beyond the mountains. He was one of a body of men who owed reverence and obeisance to no one, who were self-reliant to a fault, who cared hardly anything for the past hut who had a sharp eye for the future.8.These frontier men were the precise opposites of the tidewater aristocrats. Back of them, in the great surge that had taken people over the Alleghenies and into the opening Western country, there was a deep, implic it dissatisfaction with a past that had settled into grooves. They stood fordemocracy, not from any reasoned conclusion about the proper ordering of human society, but simply because they had grown up in the middle of democracy and knew how it worked. Their society might have privileges, but they would be privileges each man had won for himself. Forms and patterns meant nothing. No man was born to anything, except perhaps to a chance to show how far he could rise. Life was competition.9.Y et along with this feeling had come a deep sense of belonging to a national community. The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up in business as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered --- and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico. If the land was settled, with towns and highways and accessible markets, he could better himself. He saw his fate in terms of the nation’s own destiny. As its horizons expanded, so did his. He had, in other words, an acute dollars-and cents-stake in the continued growth and development of his country.10.And that, perhaps, is where the contrast between Grant and Lee becomes most striking. The Virginia aristocrat, inevitably, saw himself in relation to his own region. He lived in a static society which could endure almost anything except change. Instinctively, his first loyalty would go to the locality in which that society existed. He would fight to the limit of endurance to defend it, because in defending it he was defending everything that gave his own life its deepest meaning.11.The Westerner, on the other hand, would fight with an equal tenacity for the broader concept of society. He fought so because everything he lived by was tied to growth, expansion, and a constantly widening horizon. What he lived by would survive or fall with the nation itself. He could not possibly stand by unmoved in the face of an attempt to destroy the Union. He would combat it with everything he had, because he could only see it as an effort to cut the ground out from under his feet.12.So Grant and Lee were in complete contrast, representing two diametrically opposed elements in American life. Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality. Lee might have ridden down from the old age of chivalry, lance in hand, silken banner fluttering over his head. Each man was the perfect champion of his cause, drawing both his strengths and his weaknesses from the people he led.13.Y et it was not all contrast, after all. Different as they were — in background, in personality, in underlying aspiration --- these two great soldiers had much in common. Under everything else, they were marvelous fighters. Furthermore, their fighting qualities were really very much alike. 14.Each man had, to begin with, the great virtue of utter tenacity and fidelity. Grant fought his way down the Mississippi V alley in spite of acute personal discouragement and profound military handicaps. Lee hung on in the trenches at Petersburg after hope itself had died. In each man there was an indomitable quality… the born fighter’s refusal to give up as long as he can still remain on his feet and lift his two fists.15.Daring and resourcefulness they had, too; the ability to think faster and move faster than the enemy. These were the qualities which gave Lee the dazzling campaigns of Second Manassas and Chancellorsville and won Vicksburg for Grant.stly, and perhaps greatest of all, there was the ability, at the end, to turn quickly from war to peace once the fighting was over. Out of the way these two men behaved at Appomattox came the possibility of a peace of reconciliation. It was a possibility not wholly realized, in the years to come, but which did, in the end, help the two sections to become one nation again…after a warwhose bitterness might have seemed to make such a reunion wholly impossible. No part of either man’s life became him more than t he part he played in this brief meeting in the McLean house at Appomattox. Their behavior there put all succeeding generations of Americans in their debt. Two great Americans, Grant and Lee --- very different, yet under everything very much alike. Their encounter at Appomattox was one of the great moments of American history.From: K. Flachmann and M. Flachmann, pp. 305-311。

新编实用英语综合教程教案

石家庄财经职业学院授课计划表2013-2014 学年第一学期课程名称基础英语1课程所属系部基础部授课班级2013级会电8、10，助会2，会计12班任课教师马雪静填表日期2013年9月石家庄财经职业学院基础部系部 2013 — 2014学年第一学期授课计划表教师姓名:马雪静课程名称：基础英语1 专业：13级会电会电8、10，助会2，会计12班教案头Free TalkFirst, greet students and do a short self-introduction and tell my phone number and the location of my office to students to contact me conveniently.Second, ask the students to introduce themselves in English one by one, which aims to prompt students to speak as much English as possible. And the following questions can be covered when the teacher prompts students to speak more in English.1. What’s your name? Where are you from?2. What’s your major?I major in/My major is accounting.3. Why did you choose this college?4. What’s your deepest impression upon our college and our teachers in the college?5. What’s your hobby? What do you usually do after class?6. What’s your favorite color, book, course and etc and ask them why.7. How do you pay for your tuition fees? By your parents or yourself?8. Do you think English is very difficult to learn well? If so, what do you think is the most difficult when learning English?Third, ask the students some questions about their summer holiday to get acquainted with the students.1. What have you done during the summer holiday?2. Have you ever read any book or seen any intriguing film? And can you tell us the main idea of the book or the film?3. Have you had a part-time job in your holiday? And do you want to share your working experience with us, if you did very well?This helps them to develop their communication skills and helps them get comfortable with speaking and interacting with all the students in the class.Forth, introduce the aims and teaching procedures of the course for the students. And illustrate the makeup of the final grade and emphasize the discipline in the class and speech for each class.Finally, tell students how to learn English well:Speak without FearThe biggest problem most people face in learning a new language is their own fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look stupid so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. The fastest way to learn anything is to do it – again and again until you get it right. Like anything, learning English re quires practice. Don’t let a little fear stop you from getting what you want.Use all of your ResourcesEven if you study English at a language school it doesn’t mean you can’t learn outside of class. Using as many different sources, methods and tools as possible, will allow you to learn faster. There are many different ways you can improve your English, so don’t limit yourself to only one or two. The internet is a fantastic resource for virtually anything, but for the language learner it's perfect.Surround Yourself with EnglishThe absolute best way to learn English is to surround yourself with it. Take notes in English, put English books around your room, listen to English language radio broadcasts, watch English news, movies and television. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English material that you have around you, the faster you will learn and the more likely it is that you will begin “thinking in English.”Listen to Native Speakers as Much as PossibleThere are some good English teachers that have had to learn English as a second language before they could teach it. However, there are several reasons why many of the best schools prefer to hire native English speakers. One of the reasons is that native speakers have a natural flow to their speech that students of English should try to imitate. Thecloser ESL / EFL students can get to this rhythm or flow, the more convincing and comfortable they will become. Watch English Films and TelevisionThis is not only a fun way to learn but it is also very effective. By watching English films (especially those with English subtitles) you can expand your vocabulary and hear the flow of speech from the actors. If you listen to the news you can also hear different accents.Listen to English MusicMusic can be a very effective method of learning English. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension. The best way to learn English is to get the lyrics (words) to the songs you are listening to and try to read them as the artist sings. There are several good internet sites where one can find the words for most songs. This way you can practice your listening and reading at the same time. And if you like to sing, fine.Study As Often As Possible!Only by studying things like grammar and vocabulary and doing exercises, can you really improve your knowledge of any language.Do Exercises and Take TestsMany people think that exercises and tests aren't much fun. However, by completing exercises and taking tests you can really improve your English. One of the best reasons for doing lots of exercises and tests is that they give you a benchmark to compare your future results with. Often, it is by comparing your score on a test you took yesterday with one you took a month or six months ago that you realize just how much you have learned. If you never test yourself, you will never know how much you are progressing. Start now by doing some of the many exercises and tests on this site, and return in a few days to see what you've learned. Keep doing this and you really will make some progress with English.Record YourselfNobody likes to hear their own voice on tape but like tests, it is good to compare your tapes from time to time. You may be so impressed with the progress you are making that you may not mind the sound of your voice as much.教案头Unit 1 Hello, Hi!SectionⅠTalking Face to FaceI.Imitating Mini-talks1. pair worka. The students are asked to read the first three talks in pairs and speak out the sentences used when people meet for the first time.b. The students are then asked to read the last two talks in pairs and speak out the sentences used when people meet again.2. The teacher may give more expressions for the students to practice.II. Acting out tasksPair work. The students make short conversations by following the above mini-talks.III. Studying Business Cards1.The students read the business cards and answer some questions.Questions for the two cardsa.Wh at’s the name of the man？b.Where does he work?c.What is his job?d.Where is his working place?2.The students read the letter again and then translate it orally under the guidance of the teacher.IV Following sample dialoguesThe students read the dialogues and speak out the following sentences of greeting and introducing people. Then the students will be asked to practice them.1.Hello, nice to meet you . My name is .......2. How do you do, ... I’m ....3. Welcome to ...4. Here is my card.5. Hi, long time no see6. How nice to see you again7. Haven’t seen you for ages8. What a pleasant surprise!V Putting language to useThe students do the exercises 5 and 6 according to the knowledge they have mastered in the dialogues.教案头Unit 1 Hello, Hi!Section ⅡBeing All EarsI Learning sentences for workplace communicationThis part is to train the students to understand and speak out the sentences.1.The students listen to ten English sentences given in the course book and repeat them in the pauseallowed, trying to understand and learn to speak them out by referring to their Chinese meanings.2.The students listen to ten sentences , and match them with their Chinese translations.3.The students listen to six sentences giving in the course book, and then choose their right responses.1.II Handing a dialogue s.This part is moving from the sentence to the dialogue level.The students listen twice to a dialogue, and then decode the message given in the course book by finding the correct choiceIII. Understanding a short speechThis part of training is carried out to help the students to follow the continuous oral presentation of a specific practical activity which is oriented to the unit topic.1. The students listen to the speech twice and during the second listening, put back the missing words in the blanks.2. The students listen to the speech again and match the information in Column A with the choices in Column B.教案头Unit 1 Hello, Hi!Section III Trying Your HandI Practicing applied writing1. Sample analysisThe teacher makes the following brief analysis of the format and language used in business cards. The teacher may take Sample 1 as an example for the analysis and asks the students some questions:a.Wh at’s the name of the man？b.Where does he work?c.What is his job?d.Where is his working place?2.personal information must be included in a business cardfull name job working place unit address telephone number E-mail FaxII Writing sentences and reviewing grammarThe teacher introduce basic sentence structures with the following examples.1. 主语+谓语（+宾语）（+状语）Animals can’t speak （主+谓）Mary runs every morning （主+谓+状）They speak English （主+谓+宾）I gave him a visiting card.（主+谓+间宾+直宾）She loves dogs very much. （主+谓+宾+状）2.主系表He is a man3.There be 句型There is a dog in the room教案头Unit 1 Hello, Hi!Section ⅣPassage I The Business Cards:I. Warming-up questionsi. What do you think of a business card?ii. What tips should you know about the business card?II. Ask the students to skim the passage and answer the questions on Page 16.1. Have you got your business cards or networking cards? If not, why not?2. How do you understand the title of the passage The Business Card: a Social Faux Pas?A business card is a useful tool of social networking and business connection. It is socially awkward if you find yourself without one when you need to exchange it with a new business partner.3.Why does the author say “missed connections are missed opportunities for business”? Because business cards are a useful marketing tool. If you forget to bring them with you, it May leave the impression that you are unprepared for doing business.4. Can you explain the tips in your own words?1) If you don't have a job, prepare your cards for networking.2) If your business cards are out of date, make them up to date.3) You should set a goal of handing out a certain number of cards every day.4) Practice what you will say for handing out your cards. Take every opportunity to hand out your cards.5) Ask your social network to help you send out your cards.5. What does the last sentence mean?You should work in a clever way: better work isn't necessarily harder!III. Ask students to read the new words and expressions and check their pronunciation. IV. Play the tape for the students and ask them to imitate.V. Analyze the passage and explain the language and difficult sentences.Para11. ask for sth: want sthMay I ask for a photo of your little daughter? 我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗?ask for sbHe is very ill and keeps asking for his daughter. 他病得很厉害, 再三要求见他的女儿。

新编英语教程6练习册含

新编英语教程 6 练习册答案【篇一：新编英语教程 6 练习册中译英】>unit 11. 因为缺乏资本，整个计划失败了。

(fall through)the whole plan fell through for want of fund.2. 牛顿被公以为是世界上最优秀的科学家之一。

(eminent)newton is acknowledged as one of the world ’s most eminent scientists.3. 他对生产成本的估量老是正确无误。

(invariable)he calculates the cost of production with invariable accuracy.4. 企业发言人的不负责任发言遇到了严苛谴责。

(berate)the spokesman of the corporation was berated for his irresponsible words.5. 这名商业银行的年青职员看出那张十英镑的假币。

(spot)the young clerk from the commercial bank spotted thecounterfeit ten-pound note.6. 这个精壮的经理马上行动了起来。

(promptly)the efficient manager acted promptly.7. 请把候补名单上她的名字换成你的名字。

(substitute)please substitute her name for yours on the waiting list.8. 她感觉她在当地综合医院任实习医师是一段可贵的经验。

(rewarding)she found that her internship in the local general hospital wasa rewarding experience.9. 不要叹息过去的不幸，抖擞起来向前看。

李观仪《新编英语教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Unit9）

李观仪《新编英语教程》学习指南【词汇短语+课⽂精解+全⽂翻译+练习答案】（Unit9）Unit 9⼀、词汇短语Text I1. elicit v. to give rise to; evoke引出，引起e.g. Mr. Norris said he washopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.诺⾥斯先⽣说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。

2. anarchy n.disorder; confusion⽆秩序，混乱e.g. The concept ofself-organizing teams does not imply anarchy. ⾃组织团队的概念不意味着⽆政府状态。

3. blithely adj. in a happy and carefree manner快活地，⽆忧⽆虑地；漫不经⼼地e.g. They blithely carried on chatting, ignoring the customerswho were waiting to be served. 他们继续开⼼地聊天，将等着购物的顾客们置于⼀边。

4. n.being deserted and allowed to fall intoruins遗弃，弃置e.g. The previous owners had rescued the building fromdereliction. 以前的主⼈把这座建筑物从废墟中挽救了出来。

5. graff n.drawings or writing on a public wall, usuallyhumorous, obscene or political(在公共墙壁上涂写的)图画或⽂字，涂鸦e.g.Buildings old and new are thickly covered with graffiti.新旧建筑物都覆盖着密密⿇⿇的涂鸦。

新编实用英语综合教程Unit 6 Faster,Higher and Stronger

Unit | Six
Back
Unit | Six
Following Sample Dialogues
4 Read the following sample dialogues and try to perform your own tasks.
Unit | Six
Back
Unit | Six
Putting Language to Use
A: There is a poster of a swimming contest at the school gate.
B: Great! I'll go and check the details .
细节
Unit | Six
Window on Key Words
3) Inviting One to an Outdoor Activity A: Our sstutuddeenntsts' 'uunnioionn will hold a ccyycclliinngg race this weekend around the city. B: Cycling? I love it. A: Would you like to come with us? B: Sure.
6 ___is__fr_e_e_______.
Mr. Power: Really? 7T_h_a_t_'s__w_o_n__d_e_rf_u_l___! Shall we go there together? Back
You: OK. See you at 6:30 at the school gate.
You: Sherry, what should we do this weekend? 1 (问她对什么娱乐活动感兴趣)

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Unit NineTEXT IA RED LIGHT FOR SCOFFLAWSFrank TrippettObjectives: to catch the main idea of each paragraph by identifying its topic sentence or supplying one if the paragraph doesn’t have it;to analyze the evidence in each paragraph so as to have a further comprehension of the text;to talk about or write on the scofflawry on the campus, basing the information on your personal experience or observation, or whatever.Pre-reading questions1. What is the meaning of the compound word ‘scofflaw’? What is meant by ‘A Red Light for Scofflaws’?scofflaw (chiefly US) - one who treats the law with contempt, esp. a person who avoids various kinds of not easily enforceable laws.Word formation: scoff (v., deride, ridicule irreverently) + law (n.)a red light for scofflaws - a warning to scofflawsIn-reading discussionPara. 1Sentence-by-sentence explanation:w-and-order is the longest-running and probably the best-loved political issue in US history.Law-and-order becomes a political issue that is approved and executed for a long time in the US.2. Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish that society.taking increasing liberties with: misinterpret, distort, violateAlthough most Americans have never broken laws or committed crimes, they do violate the rules or principles that designed to protect and nourish that society. In other words, there are many scofflaws in America.3. Indeed, there are moments today - amid outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy - when it seems as though the scofflaw represents the wave of the future.Outlaw litter, tax cheating, illicit noise and motorized anarchy are scofflawries.Such behaviors are those that violate the laws, but they are against the rules and regulations. It seems that such scofflawries today will become more serious, more popular tomorrow.4. ...a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor dereliction ...A majority of Americans like to deliberately commit scofflawries, doing something that is not against the law but violates some seemingly minor / insignificant rules. They don’t take this kind of behaviors as serious.5. Already, the ethic of US society is in danger of becoming this: ‘You’re a fool if you obey the rules.’In America, those who follow rules, orders, or regulations, those who conform to social conventions are considered as fools. It becomes the social convention that those obeying the rules are fools.Topic sentence: No thesis statement. It introduces the topic - millions of Americans are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes.Para. 21. Topic sentence: Scofflaws abound in amazing variety.Or, main idea: evidence to support that there are lot of scofflaws in US.2. Properly coined compound words can be an economical way of expression. Some instances are found in para. 2. Pick them out and explain their meanings. (comp. 3-1)the graffiti-prone - those who are prone to graffitilitter-bugs - those who are in the bad habit of littering public placeshigh-decibel radios - radios whose volume has been turned highbeer-soaked hooliganism - hooliganism committed by people who are drunk from drinking beer3. What are the evidence?The graffiti-prone those who are inclined to / like to / have the habit of scribbling in public places make visual pollution everywhere.Bicyclists ride as fast as they like to, and ride to run the red light, to chase with the cars, etc. neglecting the traffic laws.Litter-bugs who throw their rubbish everywhere make their neighborhood or the public places as dirty as a trash /refuse dump.There is noise pollution of high-decibel portable radios in public places though a lot of rules and regulations have been made to forbid it.There are also rules to prohibit getting drunk and making disturbance in public places, hooligans still have a lot of drinking of beers and cause trouble in the parks.Tobacco addicts / heavy smokers turn a blind eye to / take no notice of the ‘NO SMOKING’ sign. They burn their cigarette even in the place where smoking is not allowed.Pot smokers / marijuana addicts never feel ashamed when they pass around a joint (cigarette containing marijuana).Everyone does violate the traffic regulations by crossing the streets at the wrong places, or without looking at the traffic lights. Drivers run the light, drive beyond the speed limit, with more passengers than permitted, etc.4. Why does Y keep ‘jaywalkers’ as the last category of scofflaws? What other means does he use to strengthen the effect intended by this arrangement? (comp. 3-2)It is not limited to some people, but is widely committed by large numbers.The greeting: (hello, Everybody!)The conjunction ‘And then’ used to highlight the last, but by no m eans the least form of scofflawry enumerated here.Para. 31. Topic sentence: The dangers of scofflawry vary wide.2. The person who illegally spits on the sidewalk remains disgusting, but clearly poses less risk to others than the company that illegally buries hazardous chemical waste in an unauthorized location.Spitting on the sidewalk is against the law and is always despicable. But the harm it does to others seems insignificant when compared with the danger a company causes by disposing of poisonous chemical waste in a place where it is not permitted.3. What are the dangers of scofflawry?Spitting on the sidewalk is disgusting and a kind of pollution.Disposing of poisonous chemical waste in a place where it is not permitted will caus e great harm to people’s health if it releases from underground.The fare beater who evades paying the fare on a public vehicle, a kind of moral dangerNeglecting taking the measure of fire prevention will lead to fire which burns all including peo ple’s lives. e.g., in Guangdong some privately-run enterprises Drivers’ double parking (parking side by side with another car along the road) makes the streets more crowded; drunken drivers bring a lot of casualties every year; driving beyond the speed limit will kill the drivers themselves and other innocent people.4. Explain the use of the conjunctive adverb ‘however’? (comp 3-3)It indicates a contrast in meaning between the sentence it is in and the previous two, in which it is said that the more visible forms of scofflawry, i.e., spitting and fare-beating are less dangerous than the less visible ones, i.e., burying chemical waste in unauthorized location, and ignoring fire statutes. But lawless grieving, the most visible scofflawry is also the most dangerous.Para. 41. Topic sentence: The most flagrant scofflaw is the red-light runner.2. Why is the red-light runner the most flagrant scofflaw?Many drivers neglect the stop signals / the red lights. Some even take them as a kind of decoration. Red-light running is the most common traffic violation in Los Angeles. In New York city, drivers cross the intersections or junctions.It is estimated that 50% of the drivers will stop for the light while another 50% will not. And what is absurd is that police tend to ignore the cases of traffic violation. This is probably because that there are so many such cases happening every day.Para. 51. Red-light running has always been ranked as a minor wrong, and so it may be in individual instances. When the violation becomes habitual, widespread and incessant, however, a great deal more than a traffic management problem is involved.Driving through the intersection of a street with no regard to the red traffic light is generally considered as misbehaves of little importance. But when it develops into a social habit, it becomes a problem a great deal more serious than a mere traffic problem.2. What does T mean by the metaphor ‘leave deep dents’? Is it an appropriate metaphor in the context? (comp 3-4)It means ‘mar, damage, make imperfect’. It is very appropriate in the context because what is under discussion happens to be the violation of traffic rules.3. Innocent drivers and pedestrians pay a repetitious price in frustration, inconvenience and outrage, not to mention a justified sense of mortal peril. The significance of red-light running is magnified by its high visibility.Well-behaved drivers and pedestrians are constantly upset and threatened by peril from violations. The great impact of red-light running is due to its being so noticeable.4. If hypocrisy is the tribute that vice pays to virtue, then furtiveness is the true outlaw’s salute to the force of law-and-order.(note 5)The 1st half of the sentence is a proverb meaning that wrongdoers, in their dealings with the virtuous, act as though they are persons of good repute. The 2ndhalf is a development of the author’s, meaning that a true lawbreaker in confronting the police force acts furtively.5. The red-light runner, however, shows no respect whatever for the social rules, and society cannot help being harmed by any repetitions and brazen display of contempt for the fundamentals of order.The red-lights runner take no notice of the social rules. They show contempt of orders and regulations and rarely obey them. If people do the same, our society will definitely be harmed in social morals, conventions, etc.6. In what sense. according to T, is red-light running a more serious breach of social order than other lawbreaking actions? (comp 3-5)Rules are violated in open defiance of social authority. While culprits of social vices or crimes make attempts to conceal their lawbreaking acts out of fear of and / or respect for the authority of the law, red-light runners do not care a damn whether they are seen or not.7. In his analysis of scofflawry, T does not confine himself to a mere enumeration of the visible forms of scofflawry and the dangers they cause. Somewhere in the essay he turns into depth. Where? And how? (comp 3-6)Beginning from para. 5, ‘however’ indicates a transition. He turns from the physical dangers to the detriment to social morality.8. Find in the rest of the text the word ‘however’ used in a similar way. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text? (comp 3-3)Line 43:contrasts ‘a minor wrong’ and ‘a great deal more than a traffic management problem’Line 49: contrasts the visible flagrancy of red-light running, and the attempts to disguise or conceal felony by real criminals or outlaws9. Topic sentence: The flouting of basic rules of the road leaves deep dents in the social mood.The 1st sentence is coherent with the last para.. The 2nd is a transition by using ‘however’, which tells the central idea of this para..Para. 61. For all their differences, tod ay’s scofflaws are of a piece as a symptom of elementary social demoralization - the loss by individuals of the capacity to govern their own behavior in the interest of others.However different in forms, today’s scofflaws are an indication that the so ciety has basically been degraded morally. Its members seem to have lost their ability to discipline themselves in such a way that the interests of others has been duly taken care of.No matter how different the scowflawries are, they are the indication of the social demoralization. People tend to mind their own business / interests without taking care of others or others’ interests.2. What point does T want to make? What do you think of this example of children entering schools not knowing how to live together? (comp 3-7) Scofflaws are an indication of social demoralization. The example of the school children may not be an appropriate one. For children may not have acquired the capacity to govern their own behaviors yet, while social demoralization means the ‘loss’ of morality which has been cultivated.3. Topic sentence: ... scofflaws are ... a symptom of elementary social demoralization.Para. 71. The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette. Society’s first concern will remain major crime, but a foretaste of the seriousness of incivility is suggested by what has been happening in Houston.2. Drivers on Houston freeways have been showing an increasing tendency to replace the rules of the road with violent outbreaks.Drivers on Houston freeways are more and more likely to neglect the traffic rules by breaking out traffic violence such as (the following sentences).3. What are the traffic violence? Give your illustration.ll. 62-67Fortunately, this kind of drivers are not as many as spreading everywhere. But will they become the prevalent force?4. Topic sentence: The prospect of the collapse of public manners is not merely a matter of etiquette.Para. 81. According to the author, is violent crime as robbery, rape, murder the chief threat to law-and-order? If not, what is the real threat?No. The real threat lies in ordinary people’s neglecting the law. They never break the law, but they do skirt the law (= avoid, keep distance from, go around the edge of the law). In other words, they are not criminals, but scofflaws.2. What is ‘Prohibition’?the forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of intoxicating drinks in the USA from 1920 to 1933.3. What is the main reason that Prohibition fail to be carried on?People show no respect for the rule. It seems that the government enjoys littleauthority and the law enjoys little legitimacy among citizens.What is more, the government seems to encourage scofflawry, unintentionally of course.4. What are the evidence to prove it?Take the police for example. On the one hand, they have to obey the order or command given by their superior officials, i.e. to do something against the lawbreakers; on the other hand, what they often confront with are scowflawries which have little to do with the law, then what can they do with these scofflaws, and they are so many? 法不责众Most state law-making bodies seem to encourage disobeying the federal law of 55 m.p.h. driving speed, because they only fine those who exceed the speed limit a little, which is far from enough to give them a lesson.The Administration in WashingtonThe Administration are also accused of destroying environmental laws by failing to enforce them, or by deliberately encouraging disobeying them even if they do enforce them.5. What premonition does T make to the American public in paras. 7 & 8? (comp 3-8)Do not overlook scofflawry as if it were only a matter of bad manners; it may be more powerful than violent crimes in shaking the foundation of w.6. Do you think it appropriate for T to end his essay by presenting evidence of scofflawry at the top? (comp 3-9)Yes. If the law-makers of the country are ignoring the law, how can the ordinary citizens be expected to abide by law, and still less the rules.7. Find in the rest of the text the word ‘however’ used in a similar wa y. How does it contribute to the coherence of the text?(comp 3-3)Para. 8, emphasizes the difference between what Americans think threatens law and order, and what Trippett thinks really does.8. Topic sentence: Scofflawry at various levels of social life was by no means a less serious menace to the foundation of law of the US than violent crimes. (Implied)Para. 91. The most disquieting thing about the scofflaw spirit is its extreme infectiousness. Only a terminally foolish society would sit still and allow it to spread indefinitely.The rapid spread of scofflawry is its most disturbing characteristic. Only a totally irrational society could ever tolerate its unchecked growth.2. Topic sentence:The thesis statement.Post-reading discussion1. Org. & DevlThe topic sentences put together present a well-worked sentence outline for the writer to work on, and a highly condensed gist of the essay for the reader.All the topic sentences are well illustrated with the exception of para. 6, which seems a bit weak in its development.2. Comp. 1, 23. Talk about or write on the scofflawry on the campus, basing the information on your personal experience or observation, or whatever.TEXT IITRUSTAndy Rooney1. Go through the text for 5 mins., trying to get as much information as possible. Then answer the following questions.2. What is the anecdote at the beginning of the essay? (paras. 1-3)Andy R didn’t run the red light even when there was no one around him. (looked left, right, and behind me; no suggestion of headlights)3. Why did he stopped for the light? (para. 4)Because it’s part of the contract .... It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement .... trust ... restrained by the social convention ...4. How do you understand the distinction between law and the agreement people ofa society trust each other to honor? How much does such an agreement mean to a society? (Q 1)Law is a regulation all members of society are obligated to abide by; violation of it such as robbery, rape, burglary, murder, and embezzlement constitutes an act of crime, and is duly punished.On the other hand, the agreement people of a society trust each other to honor is not a legal obligation; the breach of it is not considered criminal, but socially disagreeable, undesirable, or even to the extent of offensive. In maintaining harmony in social life and interpersonal relationships, such agreement is no less important than law.5. How do you explain the trust people have for each other? Do you agree with R when he says that attitudes of mistrust do not come naturally to us? (para. 5) What R is saying seems to be that trust is a human instinct, i.e., we are all born to be trusting beings. You may not agree with him by arguing that trust is more likely a habit we are taught to cultivate through education, convention, and life experience.We have learned to trust because we know that it pays to do so.6. Can you talk something about the income tax payment in Italy, America, and China? Why would people like to pay it, or evade to pay it? (para. 6) In Italy and in China, many people evade to pay income tax, probably because there is little trust between the taxpayers and the government. The former are not sure, or don’t know where their money will be put in use? Will it be spent by some corruptive government officials freely on table-groaning blow-outs / sumptuous meals or on expensive spa, steam or sauna, bowling and billiards?It should be like this: the taxpayers pay their money to the government and to feed or support the government workers so that the latter should work for the former.PAP in S’pore, and the tax-paying.7. How can we build and maintain trust according to R? (para. 7)We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; we deliver when we say we’ll deliver; we pay when we say we’ll pay. We must keep our promise, and never break it.8. Are there any other examples cited in the text, except the one at the beginning, to demonstrate the mutual trust or mistrust? Think of more instances in our social life of mutual trust and also of mistrust. (Q3) (paras. 8, 9)bank, buying a can of coffee or a quart of milk, selling beer in 11-ounce bottles rather than 12 ounces.9. What is relation between trust and success? Do you agree with the author on this point? Give some examples. (para. 10)People who trust others make out better (get success) in the long run than the people who distrust anyone.10. What will you be most likely to do, to run the red light or to stop for it, even if you are not witnessed by anyone? What do you think people around you will do in such a case? Why?educated, cultivated (to form a habit); constrained by social convention and ethics; prevailing; observed by some advanced facilities or equipment ...Other examples: queuing, spitting, speaking loudly, leaving the meeting for a while, ...11. What do you think of R’s life philosophy that it always pays to be more trusting than mistrusting? (Q4)Open to discussion.Generally speaking, it pays to be trusting. For trust is supposed to be reciprocal; it serves as lubricant in both social life and interpersonal relationships. But there are times when the trusting are taken advantage of. Yet in the long run, it pays to be trusting.Unit 9 Organization and Development1st para. Scofflawries are everywhere.2nd para. Evidence, or varieties of scofflawry 3rd para. Dangers of scofflawry4th para. The flagrant red-light running5th para. Deep dents in the social mood6th para. Social demoralization7th para. Seriousness of incivility8th para. Scofflawry at various levels of society shakes the foundation of US law.9th para. Scofflaw spirit is extremely infectious, so something must be done.。