2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总

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2017年上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨2017上海高考英语学科改革，推出语法填空新题型．这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。

继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。

技巧一：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。

例1：A talk (give)tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang．句中的is是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。

知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态be+过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词加more／less和most／least，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以the。

例3：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了Liu Wen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。

2017年上海英语高三模完形填空全解析,翻译、单词、详解

2017年高三英语一模汇编——完形填空One宝山区III. ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections: ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA, B, CandD. Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anxiety disorders-- defined by extreme fear,restlessness,a nd muscle tension --are carefully considering,disabling,and can increase the risk for _____41_____and self-murder. They are some of the most common mental health conditions around the world, _____42_____around four out of every 100 people and costing the health care system and job employers over US $42billion each year.焦虑症-----被定义为极度恐惧、不安和肌肉紧张，正在小心地重视，禁止，它增加了（41 ）和自杀的风险。

他们是世界上最普通的精神健康问题。

每一百人中有四人会受它的（42 ），每年要花费健康关心系统（卫生保健系统）和就业者近42亿美金。

anxiety 英[???za??ti] n.焦虑，忧虑;disorder英[d?s??:d?(r)] n.混乱，凌乱;（身心机能的）失调使混乱，使凌乱The emergency room was in disorder 急诊室里一片混乱。

2017届高三英语一模汇编--选词填空

2017届高三英语一模汇编——选词填空1、2017松江一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteGood news for giant panda lovers: the cute and cuddly creature has just been brought back from the edge of extinction.The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) __31__the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” as the union released its updated Red List on Sept. 4 at Hawaii with their __32__ growing by 17 percent in the decade leading up to 2014.Chinese conservation efforts, including forest protection and reforestation, are considered to be the __33__ force behind the animal’s re-prosperity. The number of panda __34__ in China has also jumped to 67, from 13 in 1992. Nearly two-thirds of all wild pandas live there. Restoring the panda’s habitat has given them back their space with food available to them.Apart from giant pandas, the Tibetan Antelope has also moved from “endangered” to “near threatened”. According to a st atement from IUCN, the animal’s numbers have shrunk severely –dropping from around 1 million to a(n) __35__ 65,000–72,500 in the 1980s and early 1990s –due to commercial poaching (偷猎). Rigorous protection has since been __36__ to protect the beasts and the population is now likely to be between 100,000 and 150,000.Despite the improved __37__, wild animals like the giant panda and the Tibetan Antelope still face great challenges. The IUCN warned, for example, that ongoing threats from climate change could eliminate more than 35 percent of the panda’s bamboo habitat in the next 80 years, which would __38__ the species recent gains.Good progress has been made but there is still work to do. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is devoted to __39__ species from around the world and their statuses in relation to their risk of extinction. The list currently has eight categories, including extinct, extinct in the wild, __40__ endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened, least concern and data deficient. These categories are based on criteria relating to population trends, size and structure, and geographic range.答案：31---40 G E H C F J A K D I2、2017徐汇一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32) enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33) the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34) rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s ho pes and fears, and aren’t (35)by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these lies, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a r umour is told, the more (36) 36 it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37) practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38) of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39) . Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40) given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.答案：31. B 32. E 33. A 34. J 35. F 36. H 37. K 38. C 39. G 40. I3、2017黄浦一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.First Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C – Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color and temperature foradditional indications of circulation problems.答案：31-40KAGEJ BIFCD4、2017普陀一模 Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt （伦勃朗）?Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However,there are ___31___ whether some paintings attributed （归属）to Rembrandt wereactually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because ofits style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that ofportraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that___32___ it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent (不一致) about the way the woman in the___33___ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants wouldwear---yet the coat she is wearing has a ___34___ fur collar that no servant could afford.Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the de tails of his subjects’ clothing, would not have been ___35___ of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and ___36___, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated (照亮) by light ___37___ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting ___38___ that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板), no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was ___40___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.答案：31-40 H K D C B J F I A G5、2017杨浦一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteDonald Trump __31__ his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold （门槛）on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, acelebrity businessman with no previous experience in the __32__ or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic __33__ of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply __34__by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump __35__ Americans to “come together as one united people.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for __36__ and hel p so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s governing agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S.- Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country __37__, __38__ immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and __39__ incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but he definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as he recognizes the responsibilities he __40__ and follows through on his promises.答案：31-40 J F A C E H K G B D6、2017崇明一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. NoteMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some31 , 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32 mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33 emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 , though. It serves more as an extremely accurate and 35 record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the 36 conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patie nt 37 when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosmajian said. “Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38 . The best record of an experience is whe n it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic(受伤后的) stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(an) 39 that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40 on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app sometime next year.答案：31. D 32. J 33. F 34. I 35. C 36. B 37. K 38. G 39. H 40. A7、2017宝山一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly ____38_____ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida _____39_____ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem- solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, _____40______ is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.答案：31-35 KBDCH 36-40 EIFGJ8、2017长宁嘉定一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. NoteThis invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead he succeeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without 35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they 37 just that. Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finall y decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.答案：31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBIC9、2017奉贤一模Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The meaning of silence varies among cultural group. Silence may be 31 , or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every 32 with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a pe rson’s needs. Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of 33 among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these culture is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be 34 is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these culture, silence is a call for 35 .Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with 36 among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 37 between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the 38 meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not 39 too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing 40 of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.答案：31. E 32. I 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. K 37. G 38. J 39. D 40. F10、2017青浦一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Have you ever watched a television show or a movie and felt like you were watching a really long commercial? If so, then you’ve fallen __31__ to bad product placement (产品植入). Clever marketing folks want their products to be __32__ within a scene, but not the focus. When done correctly, product placement can add a sense of realism to a movie or television show.Product placement __33__ from as early as 1950s when a drinks company paid to have a character in the movie The African Queen toss loads of their product overboard. Since then, there have been countless placements in thousands of movies.Sometimes product placement just happens. A set dresser (布景人员) might think of something that __34__ the level of credibility or realism of the story. One example is the use of a can of ant killer in a violent fight scene in the popular television programme The Sopranos . A spokeswoman for the manufacturer said if the company had not been __35__ about the use of their product, they would not have given it a thumbs-up.Arranged product placement deals are more prevailing. The most common type is a simple exchange of the product for the placement. A deal is made; in exchange for the airtime, the cast and crew are provided with a(n) __36__ supply of the company's products. Sometimes, a gift of the product isn’t an appropriate form of compensation, and then the deal, __37__ with money, works well. Someone from a manufacturer’s marketi ng team hears about a movie project, and approaches the set dresser with a(n) __38__ attractive proposal. They come to an agreement, and the product makes a number of __39__ casual appearances. Both teams are happy.Before product placement really saw a rapid growth in the mid-1980s, it was pretty much a do-it-yourself __40__. Now there are entire agencies that can handle the job. Some larger corporations will dedicate personnel to seek out opportunities for placement within films, television shows — even games and music.答案：31-35 FJEIA BGCKD11、2017静安一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. The reason?Eating in public. In Hong Kong it is __31__ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated (升级) into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, but a Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The __32__ law would ban eating on the subway system and __33__ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times . Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to wo rk. They also argue that “street food” is an important part of New York’s culture and history. Banning its __34__in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. But while __35__, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and insome places, still is) associated with __36__, poorer people. In the 19th century,eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam’s (a popular magazine at the time) stated: “Eating in public may cause a certain __37__ of manner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen.” It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to __38__. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral __39__ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish __40__ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you l ove eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it’s best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.答案：31-40 EFKHB CIAGD12、2017浦东新区一模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the ___31___ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to ___32___ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to ___33___ the interaction between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding(让行) at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are designed to avoid risks, Millard-Ball’s model thinks autonomous vehicles may bring about a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the ___ 34___ of autonomous vehicles may be influenced by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street ___35___, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down －usually. But there is the chance a driver may be ___36___ or drunk.Self-driving cars are ___37___ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most ___38___ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars － avoiding ___39___ of traffic and traffic accidents － may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the poin t of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with ___40___ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.答案：31—40 K H B D A I C G E F13、2017虹口一模Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Why Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic(人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among wom en,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” as a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were__40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?答案：31. D, 32. K, 33. H, 34. A, 35. F, 36. J, 37. B, 38. G, 39. E, 40. C14、2017闵行一模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something。

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨

本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。

试题结构由原来的A，B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。

继续体现了“重词汇，轻语法”的思想，但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。

技巧一：动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。

例1：A () ．句中的是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用的不定式被动式——。

知识体系：时态：考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态：主动语态和被动语态过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二：形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。

构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一和．，或在词加／和／，且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以。

例3：I () ．．此题后句交代了是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用，只能用表示程度不如的“ ”。

知识体系：原级构成比较级（在形容词或副词后加或在前面加）注意不规则变化最高级（在形容词或副词后加或在前面加）形容词副词比较等级同级比较比较级基本句型最高级其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧：此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。

上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语一模汇编----选词填空-学生版(已经校对)

Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has beencut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our31 , by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid 32problems in the future.Making ethical （伦理的）decisions is a(n) 33 part of avoiding future problems. Wemust learn to recognize risks, because if we can’t see the risks we’re taking, we can’t makeresponsible choices. To 34 risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. Forexample, one who does n’t know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words orideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes mayunintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as 35 . But the fact that such a violation is“unintentional” does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a 36 .Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselvesabout the risks they’re taking by using excuses: “Everyone else does it,” “I’m not hurting anyone,”or “I really need this grade.” Excuses can get very complex: “I know I’m looking at another’sexam, even though I’m supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that’s not37because I’m just checking my answers, not copying.” We must be honest about our actions, and38 excuses. If we fool ourselves into 39 we’re not doing anything wrong, we can’t seethe real choice we’re making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel ifyour actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feelproud or 40 of your actions? If you’d rather hide your actions, that’s a good indication thatyou’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yours elf.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. potentiallyB. filmedC. droppedD. commonlyE. treatsF. sympathyG. sensitive H. eyebrow I. domesticated J. selection K. confidentPuppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog eyes for the benefit of humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University’s Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the 31 is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most 32 used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites 33 a nd affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr Juliane Kaminski: “We can now be 34 that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food 35 did not have the same effect.”“The findings appear to support evidence dogs are 36 to humans’ attention and that expressions are 37 active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays.”The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a metre away from a person, and the dogs’ faces were 38 throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted and with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they ____39____expressions facial. Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs’expressions have evolved as they were ____40____. “Domestic dogs have a unique history-they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs’ ability to communicate with us,” she said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.What is leadership？Its qualities are difficult to define，but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that __31___ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the __32___ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst(催化剂) for transforming those talents into __33___.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an)__34___to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not __35___with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as __36___ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are __37___ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people __38___ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re __39___ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do, and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is ___40___. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Experts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988, the State Council released __(31)__ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent __(32)__ activities such as money laundering(洗钱),” Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden, Denmark and Singapore are also __(33)__ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development of cashless payments does not mean there are no challenges and __(34)__.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can’t purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply __(35)__ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation’s two major third-party mobile payment tools, also __(36)__ campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a “cashless society”, which caused __(37)__ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong __(38)__ that a cashless society would not mean that cash would comple tely disappear. “As the economy grows, the __(39)__ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.“Also, it’s important to remember that nearly half of China’s population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy __(40)__ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. “And when it comes to China’s senior citizens，most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How many times have parents had to ague with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It's completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safely, but is their 31 to social media really harming them.Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it fat more accessible than it 32 was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to33 with their families, which they sometimes view as "annoying”. So, what do these kids use asa solution or a(n)“ 34 " The answer is simple social media.However, when they use social media for a large amount of time, parents lend to show concern for their child and blame social media for 35 their attention.The word, "social", was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they using it to get away from real world 36 . The truth, however, is that they are using it to conned with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modem worldChildren and teens are 37 accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure, everyone who uses social media enjoys contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the 38 for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another 39 .Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the 40 from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There’s nothing more annoying than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is “I need to get rid of this insect, immediately”, but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) 31 creature.A tern of scientists from Oxford University in he UK, in 32 with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world’s most 33 insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1,000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects’34 in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, 35 wing beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can 36 the view of their wings,” Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a 37 , house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the Royal Veterinary College, the study’s leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects.“We predicted that they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings 38 their direction at the end of each half-stroke.” he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito’s special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvement to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be 39 to new developments in morehuman-focused use.“The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their flight behavior, how they carry disease and 40 how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.William Shakespeare came from a modest start, but finished life living in a(n) ___31___ house in Stratford-upon-Avon, with a coat of arms and a series of business investments to his name.So was William Shakespeare a businessman, as well as a writer?Researchers have uncovered information from historical documents that point to Shakespeare being a greedy businessman, anxious to grab every penny whose practices caused ___32___in his lifetime.The academics believe that many of Shakespeare’s doubtful business dealings have been ___33___ by people’s romantic view of him as a creative genius who made his money through acting and writing plays. The idea that Shakespeare gave the world such wonderful narratives, language and entertainment makes it uncomfortable to even ___34___ that he was simply motivated by his own thirst for financial interest.Shakespeare was a grain businessman almost for his life time. He bought and stored grain and then sold it on to his neighbors at high prices.In the late 16th and early 17th Century a bad weather gripped England. The cold and rain resulted in poor harvests and ___35___ severe lack of food. Referred to a s the ‘Little Ice Age’, the period was the time when thousands of people ___36___ for survival. At that time, Shakespearewas under investigation for tax evasion(逃避) and later charged with storing grain when food was ___37___.One could argue that he did not do this without a conscience and that perhaps this is demonstrated in the way he portrayed one of his famous character Shylock in his play the Merchant of Venice. Many people claim Shylock personifies Shakespeare’s own self -hatred, who is eventually ___38___ for his greed as a money lender and all that he owns is seized from him. Perhaps with the ___39___ pursuing Shakespeare for his evil dealings during Little Ice Age, Shylock ’s tragic fate was a real fear for Shakespeare.Shakespeare’s ___40___ funeral monument at Holy Trinity Church was a bag of grain which implied that he prided himself on his role as a grain businessman as well as on his writing. It was not until the 18th century that the bag of grain was replaced by a pillow.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin -operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level . “Our new Vending Machine is a state -of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars b y merely32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Training the Brain to Hear BetterThe din（喧嚣）of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone －but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing31 with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem－the slower 32speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible(可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians．And a new study of auditory training with a 33 _ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills．The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science’s “Brain Fitness” were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their 34 after the same amount of time．The authors received no funding from the makers of the program; the study was35 by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63．The auditory training came in the form of 36 hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and 37 between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories．Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings．All of the participants showed improvement in these three 38 , but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was 39 by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situat ions, but also sped up the brain’s ability to40 to the sound —bringing it to more “youthful’’ levels．Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure 《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night . In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a ___31___ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and ___32___ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers" acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical ___33___. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive".This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be ___34___ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum ___35___ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has ___36___ 495 signposts and 1,400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) ___37___ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It ___38___ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its ___39___ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular ___40___ among foreign leaders. For example, US PresidentDonald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial 31 helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional 32 , whether through a(n) 33 blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to 34 worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) 35 outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, 36 tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to 37 the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are 38 to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, 39 and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast 40 promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __ 31 __. The glue is made from a modified（改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product,it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the “2-Minute Rule”Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing,) aren’t actually difficult to do — you have the talent and skills to _____31____ them- you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule ____32_____ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can’t say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your ____33_____ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the_____34____of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it，s easier to ___35______ doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started — not just the first time, but each time. It’s not about performance, it’s about ____36_____ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is ____37_____ true in- the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn’t about the results you achieve, but rather about the _____38____ of actually doing the work. I can，t guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is thatyou ____39_____ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different.I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can ____40_____ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done.Go.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look ____31____ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a ____32____ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals ____33____ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate, behaving like young cells.The discovery has the ___34_____ to lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people l ive___35_____ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to ____36____ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the ____37____ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.。

上海市各区高三英语一模汇编----语法填空-老师版

Wedding in the United StatesWeddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain tops with guests (21) _____ (seat) on the rocks and even barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, (22) _____ _____ _____ or how they are performed，include certain traditional customs.Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes (23) _____ (exciting) moment of all.The wedding itself usually lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The wedding party is walking through the aisle of the church as the Wedding March (24) _____ (play). The bride carrying a bouquet (花束) enters last with her father who will “give her away”. The groom enters the church from a side door. When the wedding party is gathered by the altar (圣坛), the bride and groom exchange vows. (25) _____ is traditional to use the words “To have and to hold from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health, to love and to cherish, till death do us part”. (26) _____ (follow) the vow s, the couple exchange rings. Wearing the wedding ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is an old custom.(27) _____ the ceremony there is often a party called a “reception”, which gives the wedding guests an opportunity to congratulate the newlywed.The car in (28) _____ the couple leaves the church is decorated with balloons, streamer and shaving cream. The words “Just Married” are painted on the trunk or back window to tell people (29) _____ they are married. Now comes the last step of the wedding ceremony. As a tradition, the bride and the groom (30) _____ run to the car under a shower of rice thrown by the wedding guests. When the couple drives away from the church, friends often chase them in cars, honking (鸣喇叭) and drawing attention to them. And then the couple go on their honeymoon.21. seated; 22. no matter where; 23. the most exciting; 24. is being played / is played; 25. It; 26. Following; 27. After / During / At; 28. which; 29. that; 30. must / shouldInfant Day Care, Good or Bad?The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from birth to three may influence a child’s personality and lead to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby’s work (21) _________ children should not be sent to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation (22) _________ involves, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments (23) _________ such a strong conclusion.Firstly, experts point out that the isolated love affair between children and parents (24) _________ (find) in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone –far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today (25) _________ parents and care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have regularly reported that day care had a slightly positive effect on children’s development. But tests (26) ________ have been used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlb y’s analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult (27) _________ (deal) with. Children under three are likely to protest at (28) _________ (leave) their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the change to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly (29) _________ more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence (30) _________ (indicate) early care is reasonable for infants.21. that 22. it 23. against 24. found 25. if26. that / which 27. to deal 28. leaving 29. why 30. indicateI can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. The mountain was hard (21) ________(climb) and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end, (22) ________ (exhaust) and hot, I couldn’t go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question, (23) _____ left me speechless for a second: “What’s your dream,young lady?”“I have no idea,” I answered (24) _____thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his sto ry. He didn’t perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly (25) ______his dream was-----to be a businessman. “I knew I wasn’t gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class,” he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket, but (26) ______ tough life was, he never gave up.“There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream,” he said gently.That night I (27) ______ hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, “What’s my motivation?”I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work needed meant (28) _____ (put) everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by (29) _____. It made me think: If we don’t experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the top and (30) ______ (fascinate) by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.Keys:21. to climb22. exhausted23. which24. after25. what26. however27. could28. putting 29. myself 30. was fascinatedIs sport always fun ?One afternoon in the last week of term, I saw three children form my son’s school in tears being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year -old had stomach pains and (21) ______(throw ) up several times when I noticed his sickness. Talking to other mothers, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.What caused so much suffering ? Sports day ---- not sports day at a highly competitive independent school, but at a large village primary. (22) ______ it causes no problem to the children who can fly (23) _____ the wind, for those who are poorly coordinated (动作协调), overweight or just not good at sport, it is terrible. Even for those who enjoy (24) ______(run ) but who fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.As for the reason (25) ______ we put our children through this annual suffering, some May say that competition is character-buliding or it is a tradition of school life; some may assume (26) ______ really matters is taking part not winning. I just felt pity for those children in tears or in pain.Team games at the end of the “sport” were fun (27) ______ (watch) because they produced some close races, enormous enthusiasm and lots of shouting. More importantly , (28) ______(hide ) a little form everyone’s gaze, the children who were not so fast or so quick at passing the ball had the excitement of being on the winning side.I wish that sports day could (29)________(abandon) and replaced with some other summer event. perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be (30) ________(stressful )for the children and a lot more fun for the spectators.Keys:21 had thrown 22 while/although/though 23 like 24 running 25 why 26 what27 to watch 28 hidden 29 be abandoned 30 less stressfulPlease mind the silenceDespite being used by 1.34 billion people each year, traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely. An unwritten rule encouraging silence, mixed with classic British reserve, means that (21) you’re packed into an enclosed space with hundreds of otherpeople, the morning commute (上下班）can leave you feeling somewhat isolated.One London resident, however, is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube here and ifs completely silent and ifs weird," says Jonathan Dunne, 42, an American living in London, who has, ironically, started (22) ______ worldwide dialogue after giving out badges (徽章）with the slogan “Tube chat?” last month, encou raging commuters in London to get talking to one another. “I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million, expecting many refusals and most of them (23) (throw) away, but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed,” he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign (24)_______ (feature) in media across the world ever since, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the UK, as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances.Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedbac k, not everyone agrees with his sentiment. Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of (25) _______ own, handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them.“I (26)hardly stand the idea of having to talk to strangers on the Tube on my way to work,” he told the BBC. Michael Robinson, 24, a student from London, agrees. “Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and (27) work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatti ng to you,” he says. While London has its seemingly antisocial set of regulations to follow, not everywhere lacks a sense of community.Does Dunne hope that some of this community spirit (28) (mirror) in the UK following his campaign? “People assume th at I just walk up and talk to strangers, (29) I don’t, but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to,” he says. “On Monday, Oct 10, the curator (馆长）of the London Transport Museum had me over for tea.”So if you ever end up (30) (use) public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you? Just make sure to check for a badge first.KEYS:21. even though/if 22. a 23. to be thrown 24. have featured 25. his 26. can 27. from 28. will be mirrored 29. which 30. usingAsk someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learn ed to associate packaging with quality. We have lea r ned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.KEYS:21. being forced 22. if 23. by 24. gaining 25. is burnt 26. but 27. that 28. anything 29. which 30. to promotePrepare to SucceedPeople are always thinking about success. It is usually in their brains as they go about their daily routines (21)_______(look) for something better. This thought isn't one (22) brings you closer, however, because thinking, dreaming or wishing just doesn't get it done.One of the most important parts of personal or professional success is preparation. You may ask, “Why is preparation necessary?"The easiest answer to this question is to say that (23) you are not ready to move forward, then you may just as well keep doing what you have always done.Success doesn’t come easy. There are no shortcuts. Success requires you to be prepared to sacrifice leisure time, or time spent watching television or going out with your friends, at every opportunity. Success means you are prepared to do (24) it takes to constantly move the yardsticks forward clay after day.Here is just one quote, from Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States, that expresses what preparation is (25) : "Our real problem is not our strength today. It is rather the vital necessity of action today to ensure our strength tomorrow.”This quote can (26) . (interpret) lo mean that you may have strength or confidence to start on your way right now to move toward your final goal. However, it is also critical that committed action each day (27) (build) to help you keep going when obstacles arise or when you just don't feel like you have the interest or energy to stay (28) (locus).Preparation also means that you have u plan or a goal it shows you what steps or actions to take, when to lake them and what to do if issues, obstacles or (29)________life issues gel in the way.(30) bottom line is actually quite clear: You arc either willing, able and committed to achieve what you want, or you arc simply dreaming or wishing that success find you.KEYS:21. looking 22. that 23. if 24. whatever 25. about 26. be interpreted 27. builds 28. focused 29. other 30. TheiPhone 7 being investigated after surfer claims it set his car on fire Apple is investigating a report from an Australian man who claimed his iPhone 7 caught fire and destroyed his car, the company said on Friday.Surfer Mat Jones told Channel 7 News that he (21)______ ( go ) into water off a New South Wales beach and left his new iPhone 7, bought last week, (22) ______ ( wrap) in a pair of trousers in his car on the beach.He said that (23)______ he returned from the water he saw smoke rising from the car. “As I looked into my car，I could not see inside the car, like all the windows were just black.”A video footage(影像) taken from another phone showed the front seats, dash board and stick melted an d charred, and Jones said that he felt “pretty much like a big heat wave just came out of the car”.Eventually the surfer was able to remove (24)______ was left of his clothes. “Ash was just coming from inside the pants. Once the pants were unwrapped,the phone was just melting inside.”Jones said that he had not dropped the phone or physically damaged it, (25)______ happened to a Sydney man who fell off his bike and suffered burns from an iPhone. He also said that he had not used (26)______ non-Apple charging device.A spokeswoman for Apple said the company was investigating the complaint. “We’re in touch with the customer and we’re looking into it,” she said.Lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries (27)______ burst into flames because of physical damage or overheating. Apple’s(28) ______( big )smart phone competitor, Samsung, has begun an international recall of 2.5m Galaxy Note 7 devices after more than 100 devices started smoking, sparking or caught fire—in some cases (29)______ ( cause ) fire damage and injury.Several other companies, including Hewlett Packard, Tesla and the makers of so-called “hoverboards”, have also experienced problems (30)______ their lithium-ion batteries, though the vast majority work without problems.Keys:21. had gone 22. wrapped 23. when 24. what 25.as 26. a 27.can 28. biggest29. causing 30. withSuspended CoffeeHow about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet?The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee” — i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks” it for someone (21)_____ (fortunate) — has become an international internet sensation (轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22)_____ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes.”The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23)_____increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24)_____ (hit) hard economically.Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25)_____ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “S taff members are always close to the coffeehouse’s front door, and (26)_____ they see someone walking by who looks like they want a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27)_____ (accept), they provide the coffee.”However, not everyone supports the idea.In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28)_____ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29)_____ the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30)_____ consider other ways to help.Keys:21. less fortunate 22.participating 23. that/which 24. hit 25. so26. if/when/as 27. is accepted 28. a 29. that 30. shouldThe Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22) amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25) disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked wit h the “No Parking” signs. “(26)I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allow someone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance. (28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inf orm) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Keys:21. faced 22. what 23.have used/have been using 24. raising 25. without 26. As(So) long as 27. who/that 28. Whether 29. are informed/have been informed 30. fewerRail-life adventures of two generationsWhen I was 17, I decided to go InterRailing with my friend Bella for a week in summer. Both of us had chosen to study German at university and we decided that train travel in Germany would be the ideal way (21) ______ (practice) the language.(22) ______ ______ ______ I told my mum, she began to give me tips (23) ______ (base) on her own InterRail experience in the 1970s.I would, she insisted, need (24) ______ extra-thick sleeping bag “for when you sleep outside”.I would need to pack oatmeal, raisins and nuts and dried soup. She even suggested a camping stove. As she told tales of sleeping on train floors, on platforms, and even once in a barn, I began to get a little worried. (25) _______ had I let myself in for?In fact, my InterRail experience was quite different. Bella and I googled youth hostels. They were pretty basic—six people to a room, stale cereal for breakfast, no curtains—but fine. We never slept on a train once.My InterRail trip was certainly not as economical as my mother’s. My ticket (26) ______ (cost) £187(1,954 yuan), and I spent £30 a day on cheap food and extra ticket supplements.But I met some (27) ______ (amaze) people on the trains, and practiced my German with everyone (28) ______ businessmen to artists.In my mother’s eyes I (29) ______ not have had a “real” InterRail experience—but I still had an adventure. I learned about other countries, other people and about myself.Bella and I argued over lost luggage, complained about each other --- and ended up even (30) ______ (good) friends than we had before.Keys:21.to practice 22. As soon as 23. based 24. an 25. What 26. cost27.amazing 28. from 29. might/may 30.betterMaddie and her mother, Stephanie, thought the screams for help were just Boy Scouts (童子军）around. But then they saw the scene: the boy scouts surrounding a hiker who (21) ____________ (take) a scary Six-meter drop in an area near the Hoover Dam, a fall that left his right arm with a bone (22) ____________ (stick) out. The mother and the daughter (23) ____________ (suppose) to be having a fun-filled weekend to celebrate Maddie's 17th birthday. But the trip turned into an emergency life-saving adventure. Maddie and her mother were nearly a kilometer into their 18-kilometer river trip in Black Canyon when they pulled onto some sand. The boy scouts, (24) ____________ had called 9,1, had tied a loose bandage around the hiker, broken arm to stop the bleeding.Maddie knew another bandage was needed and thought of her lifeguard training. She asked (25) ____________ anyone had a pen or a stick, and someone picked up a branch. She turned the bandage, careful not to hit the bone (26) ____________ it stopped most of the bleeding.The girl grew up doing junior guards and had recently taken a first aid class as part of her training (27) ____________ (become) a lifeguard with California State Parks at Crystal Cove. “I’m happy these trainings are so usefu l” she said. “(28) ____________ them, this guy probably would have died. This is something I will never forget. I’ve been considering my college and future career choices and now really feels like that the emergency medical field is (29) ____________ I would enjoy.”It’s not the first time Maddie has quickly jumped into action when (30) ____________ (need). In 2015 when she was just 15 during the Surf City Marathon, she was near a man who dropped at mile 26. She pulled him out of the road and treated him for shock until paramedics (医务人员）arrive .Keys:21. had taken 22. sticking 23. were supposed 24.who 25. If/whether26. until 27. to become 28. Without 29.what/something 30. neededIn two days , it will be Christmas, children all over world (21) ________(look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations, music and more. But for many people , gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday.I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right.(22)______their noses without them seeing. Everyone placed(23)__________(wrap) gifts under the Christmas tree until Christmas morning, (24)________we opened them.Picking a great gift require (25)________(know) the person you’re giving it to. You need to know the person’s tastes and find something the person doesn’t already have. This can be quite a big challenge . Often it’s wise to provide a receipt (26)______ _________the person needs to exchange the gift.The best gifts are personal . Many Americans don’t feel money constitutes a goodgift(27)_______it doesn’t require any thought. They prefer someth ing chosen just for the person. If the gift is a high-quality homemade gift, that’s even better.Gift-giving reflects the reason(28)______ people celebrate Christmas. Christians in particular remember the birth of Jesus. When he was born, wise men traveled many miles to visit him, (29)________(bring) expensive gifts. But the greatest gift wasn’t from the wise man, but from God-----the baby Jesus. God gave this gift because everyone needed it. We needed God to forgive our bad actions so that we (30)______ live forever with him. So on Christmas we give presents to imitate God’s action of giving the perfect gift.Keys:21, have been looking ,22, under 23, wrapped 24, when 25, to know 26, with which 27, because 28, why 29, bringing 30, couldOne day a professor entered the classroom and told the students about a surprise test. After hearing that, all students __21__ (seat) and waited for the test to begin. The professor gave the test papers to all students with the text __22__ (face) down at the desk. Once he handed out the test papers to all students, he asked them to turn the test pages and begin.Students’ were confused to see there was not a question __23__ just a black dot in the center of the page. The professor noticed the stud ents’ face expression and told them, “I want you to write about what you see there.”The students were __24__ (confused) but started the test by then. At the end of the class, the professor took all answer sheets and started reading each answer in front of all students. All of them described about the black dot, __25__ position they tried to explain. After the professor finished reading, the whole class was silent.The professor explained, “Don’t worry. I am not going to give you grades but I just want you to think about something. Here __26__ focused on the black dot but no one wrote about the white paper, and the same is with our lives. The white paper represents our whole life and the black spot represents problems in our life. __27__ our life is a gift given to us by God, with love and care, we have every reason to celebrate. Still we just focus on problems like health issues, problems in relationships etc., but we never see these problems are very small compared with __28__ we have in our lives.”So there is the moral lesson: we __29__ try to take eyes off our problems and enjoy each moment that life __30__ (give) us. Be happy and live the life positively.Keys:21-30 were seated ; facing ; but; more confused ; whose ; everyone/all,; Since / Because / As; whatever/ what; should/can; gives。

上海市2017届高三英语一模汇编-——选词填空--教师版

2017年高三英语一模汇编——选词填空One宝山区Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. resistantB. concentratingC. recognitionD. resemblingE. essentialF. distinctG. revealed H. approach I. appreciate J. creativity K. viewedIn recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on developing stronger science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum(课程) and programs, as these discipline are widely ___31____ as the means to help innovation and support national economies.This trend reflects a shift in how school discipline are being looked at; schools are ____32____ on subject that have traditionally been isolated from each other -----science, mathematics, and art --- in favor of deeper, interdisciplinary learning. K-12 education leaders are pioneering new methods for combing the arts with STEMS activities, ____33____ the ways in which subjects naturally connect in the real world. While this new movement is being discussed almost clearly and directly in an education context, its roots are planted across nearly every industry. In many ways, technology is the connective tissue. Similarly, engineering new transportation technologies requires artful design. The growing ___34____ of the important unions between different skills is paving that way for STEAM in schools.Some doubts of this movement have dismissed_____35_____ as a mere fashion driven by artists who are concerned their profession is losing critical support in an increasingly technology-focused society. However, the Hilburn Academy argues that STEAM is not just a contemporary program of learning, but an important life philosophy----____36_____ for higher education and career success. Schools should provide students plentiful opportunities ____37_____the complexities and complicated layers that indicate concrete knowledge. Early examples of STEAM learning include teaching students how mathematical concepts such as geometry(几何学) are rooted in artworks.While the rise of STEAM learning is relatively new, there are already figures that prove the integration of these seemingly ____38_____ disciplines is supporting student performance at school. A study conducted by the University of Florida _____39_____ that students who are engaged in music class do better in math. For example, female high school students enrolled in music appreciation class scored 42points higher on the math section of their SATs. Formal experience with the arts is proven to cultivate innovative thinking, adaptability and other problem-solving skills that are necessary for mastering STEM abilities. in other words, _____40______ is a pioneer for students to understand, use, and apply technologies in new ways.31-35 KBDCH 36-40 EIFGJTwo崇明区Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. availableB. psychologicalC. timelyD. estimatesE. distractF. expressG. inaccurateH. trendI. therapist . address K. recallSmart Phone Application Tracks Mental HealthMilitary service is obviously rough on a service member’s mental health. According to some 31____, 30 percent of service members develop some type of mental health issue within four months of returning home after leaving the army.The military is spending more money than ever to 32____mental health issues within the ranks, and their latest attempt is a smart phone application called the T2 MoodTracker application, which helps service members keep track of their mental health after leaving the army. The app works like a high-tech diary, allowing users to 33____ emotions and behaviors that result from therapy, medication, daily experiences or changes happening at work or in the home. The smart phone app isn’t supposed to be a pocket 34 ____, though. It s erves more as an extremely accurate and 35 ____record of a service member’s mental health.Perry Bosmajian is a psychologist with the National Center for TeleHealth and Technology, where this smart phone app was created. He says this smart phone app will produce much more accurate results on the36 ____conditions of service members who have returned home. “Therapists and physicians often have to rely on patient 37____ when trying to gather information about symptoms over the previous weeks or months,” Bosma jian said.“Research has shown that information collected after the fact, especially about mood, tends to be 38____. The best record of an experience is when it’s recorded at the time and place it happens.”The app specifically tracks anxiety, depression, general well-being, life stress, post-traumatic (受伤后的）stress and brain injury. The daily expressions add up over time to produce a(n) 39____ that can be observed by physicians and therapists.The app has been downloaded more than 5,000 times since it became 40____ on the Android Market a year ago. Users of iPhones can also have access to the app some time next year.31-40 DJFIC BKGHAThree 杨浦区Section BDirections: Fill m each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.dominanceB. liftsC. dividedD. assumesE. urgedF. militaryG. suspend H. guidance I. violently J. claimed K. illegallyDonald Trump 31 his place as the United States’ 45th president after crossing the 270 electoral vote threshold (门槛) on November 9. The 70-year-old Republican will take over from Barack Obama, a two-term president to occupy the White House.The rise of Trump, a celebrity businessman with no previous experience in the 32 or elected office, surprised nearly everyone in politics. Trump’s victory over Clinton will end eight years of Democratic 33 of the White House. He will govern with Congress fully under Republican control and lead a country deeply 34 by his campaign against Clinton. Given the numerous Republicans who never backed him, Trump will have to face divisions within his own party, too.As he claimed victory, Trump 35 Americans to “come together as one united peo ple.” “I pledge to every citizen of our land that I will be president for all Americans,” he said in his victory speech. Striking a gentle tone, Trump continued that he would reach out to a few of those who had chosen not to support him for 36 and h elp so that “we can work together and unify our great country.”As president, Trump’s government agenda remains unclear. The president-elect has promised to bring changes to the United States. He said he would build a wall along the U.S-Mexico border to stop immigrants from coming into the country 37 , 38immigration from countries with ties to terrorist groups, and bargain with foreign governments such as those of Russia and China. Trump has also promised to prioritize the economic growth that creates jobs and 39 incomes for all Americans.Trump is a wild card, many voters said, but the definitely has a chance to be a successful president as long as recognizes the responsibilities he 40 and follows through on his promises.31---40 JFACE HKGBDFour虹口区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. publicB. inadequateC. loweredD. releasedE. disappointmentF. castingG. possibilityH. objectiveI. desperatelyJ. balanceK. comparedWhy Aren’t Women Happier?Why aren’t women happier these days?That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, __31__ last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both __32__ to the past and relative to men even though the lives of women in the US have improved in recent decades by most __33__ measures.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Stevenson and Wolfers, and made __34__ by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be widespread among women across a variety of demographic (人口统计的) groups. The researchers, for instance, measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents, “__35__ doubt on the hypothesis (假设) that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family __36__ are at the root of the happiness declines among women,” they wrote.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel __37__ for not “having it all,” a s a Los Angeles Times columnist recently put it.The researchers acknowledge that’s a __38__:“If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them,” the paper says, “they would be more likely to experience __39__ in their lives.” But they add things could change for the better: “As women’s expectations move into adjustment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.”Readers, why do you think women are unhappier than in the past? Do you think that if expectations for “having it all” were __40__ to “move into adjustment with experiences,” women might be happier?词汇:DKHAF JBGECFive黄浦区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. administeredB. assessC. evaluatingD. externallyE. improperlyF. life-threateningG. measures H. original I. preexisting J. principles K. vitalFirst Aid: Difference between Death and LifeFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain ___31___ signs including pulse, temperature, and breathing. First aid must be ___32___ as quickly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid ___33___ depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. For example, ___34___ moving a person with a neck injury can lead to permanent health problems.Despite the variety of injuries possible, several ___35___ of first aid apply to all emergencies.The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, ___36___ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s fam ily or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and ___37___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether ___38___ conditions exist. One method for ___39___ a victim’s condition is known by the acronym ABC, which stands for:A – Airway: is it open and clear?B – Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen and feel for breathing.C –Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding ___40___? Check skin color andtemperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31-40 KAGEJ BIFCDSix嘉定长宁区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. attachedB. commerciallyC. expectationsD. managedE. obstaclesF.personalG. positive H. relatively I. samples J. sensitive K. shelvedThis invention, commonly used in offices and households throughout the world, came about as a result of a series of accidents. In 1968 Spencer Silver, who was working for a company called 3M at the time, was trying to produce super-strong adhesive, a substance making things sticky together, to be used in the building of planes. This, however, wasn’t successful and instead hesucceeded in creating an extremely weak adhesive that was 31 to pressure. This new adhesive had two advantages: it could be removed from surfaces quite easily and it could be reused. In spite of these two 32 features, nobody could see any practical use for it. In the end, the invention was 33 .A few years later, Art Fry, a product development engineer working for 3M, decided to use this adhesive for 34 use. He stuck strips of paper in a book as page marker and a whole new concept was born. However, the idea still wasn’t without35 . The challenge was to make the glue stay on the sticky note itself, rather than peeling off and staying on the surface it was 36 to. Two more 3M employees were brought in and set the task of producing a coating for the adhesive so that it wouldn’t come off and they37 just that.Unfortunately, 3M bosses still believed that this invention wasn’t going to be 38 successful and people would continue to use crap paper(小纸条) for their notes rather than sticky notes. This is why sticky notes were only tested within the company, where they became extremely popular. It wasn’t until many years later that 3M bosses finally decided to give out a vast amount of free 39 to other companies to see if anyone would be interested in buying them. To their surprise, 90 per cent of the companies approached went on to order more sticky notes. This went beyond anybody’s 40 . Nowadays, sticky notes come in a variety of shapes and colours and are sold in more than 100 countries.31-35 JGKFE 36-40 ADBICSeven金山区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. brakeB. victimsC. issuedD. confirmedE. paceF. typicallyG. multiple H. critically I. slippery J. canceled K. visibilityNINE people died and 43 were injured in two rear-end crashes on Shanghai’s S32 Expressway that occurred during heavy fog yesterday morning.Two were 31 dead at the scene in one of the accidents, and five were found dead in the other. Two more people died in hospital, police said.Police first received a report at 5:54 am that 32 vehicles had crashed on the S32, near a ramp of S2. The S32 links Shan ghai with Zhejinag Province’s Jiaxing and Huzhou.Two people were killed after getting out of their vehicle to see what was causing congestion ahead. They were hit by an out of control tanker, police said.When police arrived at that scene, they found a further five people had been killed when aconstruction vehicle was crushed by two large vehicles from both front and back. The crash was about three kilometers away from the accident that killed the two people on the expressway. The injured were sent to local hospitals.Some drivers reported that the road was very 33 and braking had led to vehicles losing control.“The fog was very heavy,” an unidentified driver told Shanghai Television Station. “When I saw the accident ahead, I wanted to slow down and 34 . But once I hit the brake, the vehicle went out of control.”Zhoupu Hospital treated 12 people. “One of the 35 died on the road to the hospital,” Ding Fuhao, a doctor with the hospital, told the television station. “Three were 36 injured.”The city’s meteorological authority 37 an orange alert on heavy fog at 6:06 am, meaning 38 would be lower than 200 meters in some areas.The dense fog hit coastal areas in particular, including Chongming Island, Pudong New Area, Baoshan and Fengxian districts. The alert was 39 at 9:44am. This was Shanghai’s first orange alert of heavy fog since the arrival of autumn.Several expressways in the city were closed or subject to speed limits yesterday morning. Pudong International Airport was also affected by the bad weather. The airport’s traffic was about 60 percent less than normal in the morning but picked up the 40 after the orange alert was canceled, the city’s television station said.31-35 DCIAB 36-40 HCKJEEight静安区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. encourageB. commonC. uncivilizedD. immigrantsE. illegalF. proposedG. panicH. consumptionI. freedom J. extraordinary K. fineIn late February, a mainland tourist caused a disturbance on a Hong Kong subway. Thereason? Eating in public.In Hong Kong it is 31.__________ to eat on the subway, and when the tourist was scolded by a Hong Kong local, the situation escalated（升级）into a verbal slinging match.In New York City, eating on the subway is also controversial. No law bans the practice, buta Democratic state senator (参议员) introduced one last week. The 32.__________ law would baneating on the subway system and 33.__________ first time violators $250 (1,579 yuan), according to the New York Times. Proponents of the bill argue that eating on the subway attracts rats. Others say the broader target should be litterbugs, rather than those who carefully sip their coffee and eat their bread on the way to work. They also argue that "street food" is an important part of New York's culture and history. Banning its 34.__________ in public areas such as the subway would have negative effects.Street food, and eating in public places is a deep-rooted cultural practice in cities as diverse as New York, Beijing and Paris. While 35__________, it has been traditionally thought of as the behavior of the lower classes. Eating in public was (and in some places, still is) associated with 36__________, poorer people. In the 19th century, eating in public was seen as a threat to morality and public health. Putnam's (a popular magazine at the time) stated: "Eating in public may cause a certain 37.__________ofmanner and disinterest in little ladies and gentlemen. It was something people in the Victorian era did not want to 38.__________. A recent New York Times article drew a link between this moral 39.__________ about street food and concern over the growing populations of Irish, German, Italian and Jewish 40.__________ who ran food carts in the 1800s.Whether you love eating street food, or have to eat your breakfast on the run, it's best to be considerate when enjoying a bite in public.31-40 EFKHB CIAGDNine闵行区Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need..A equal B. demanding C. benefits D. employ E. reach F. increaseG. access H. convey I .conditions J. superior K. approachedThere is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct sense s.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Suchcommunication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____”to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.31-40 DGAFI JHEKBTen浦东新区Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. boredomF. unaccompaniedG. dramaticH. transformI. distractedJ. peacefullyK. prospectImagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks at the __31__ of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are “autonomous” or self-driving. It’s a phenomenon that’s not as far off as one might think.“Autonomous vehicles have the potential to __32__ travel behavior,” Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to __33__ the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds that the __34__ of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic.“Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken,” Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street __35__, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be __36__, or drunk.Self-driving cars are __37__ to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most __38__ transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding __39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.31—40 K H B D A I C G E FEleven普陀区Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF.reflectedG. removed H. doubts I. reveals J. shadow K. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters.However, there are ___ 31 ___ whether some paintings attributed(归属）toRembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. Butthere are problems with the painting that ______ 32 ____ it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致）about the way the woman inthe ___ 33 ___ is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that onlyservants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a _______ 34 ___ fur collar that no servant couldafford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been ______35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and __________ 36 ___ , but in this painting theseelements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 _____ onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting _______ 38 ___ t hat it was painted on a panel madeof several pieces of wood ___39___ together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was _____ 40 ___ from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.31-40 HKDCB JFIAG’Twelve徐汇区Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. overtookB. promisingC. likelihoodD. ridiculousE. sharedF. controlledG beliefs H. reasonable I. trend J. tracked K. demonstratedThe rise in stories describing events that never happened, often involving fake people in fake places, has led to Facebook and Google’s (31) ____ to deal with them. But are we really so easy to fool? According to several studies, the answer is yes: even the most obvious fake news starts to become believable if it’s (32)_____ enough times.In the months running up to the US election there was a surge(大浪) in fake news. According to an analysis by Craig Silverman, a journalist, during this time the top 20 fake stories in circulation (33)_____ the top 20 stories from 19 mainstream publishers.Paul Horner, a creative publisher of fake news, has said he believes Donald Trump was elected because of him. “My sites were picked up by Trump supporters all the time… His followers don’t fact-check anything –they’ll post everything, believe anything,” he told the Washington Post.Silverman previously (34)_____ rumours circulating online in 2014 and found that shares and social interactions around fake news articles dwarfed (使...相形见绌) those of the articles that exposed them. According to Silverman, fake news stories are engineered to appeal to people’s hopes and fears, and aren’t (35)_____ by reality, which gives them the edge in creating shareable content.You might think you’re immune to falling for these li es, but a wealth of research disagrees. Back in the 1940s, researchers found that “the more a rumour is told, the more (36)_____ it sounds”. They suggested this means that a rumour born out of mild suspicion can, by gaining currency, shift public thinking and opinion.This false impression of truth was (37)_____ practically in 1977 when researchers in the US quizzed college students on the actuality of statements that they were told may be true or false. The researchers found that simply repeating the statements at a later date was enough to increase the (38)______ of the students believing them.Last year, Lisa Fazio at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and her team found that students become more likely to believe a statement that they know must be false if it is repeated.“Our research suggests that false news can and likely does affect people’s (39)_____. Even if people are conscious that a headline is false, reading it multiple times will make it seem more trustworthy,” Fazio says.Reassuringly, the team found that a person’s knowledge still has a large influence over their beliefs, but it’s still a worrying (40)______ given that falsehoods appear repeatedly in our newsfeeds every day.31-40：BEAJF/ HKCGIThirteen松江区Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.。

2017年上海浦东新区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷

2017年上海浦东新区高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（每空1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第21~30题10分I can still remember the afternoon when we climbed the mountain as if it were yesterday.It was a sunny day. Eager to spend some time outside, I went up the mountain with my uncle. The mountain was hard1（climb）and had tough rocks and streams on it. In the end,2（exhaust）and hot, I couldn't go any further. So we went back down the mountain in the end.On the way back down, my uncle asked me a question,3left me speechless for a second: "What's your dream, young lady?""I have no idea," I answered4thinking it for a while. Then he smiled and told me about his story. He didn't perform well at school when he was a student. Although nobody thought he could succeed, he knew clearly5his dream was-----to be a businessman. "I knew I wasn't gifted when it came to studying, so I tried to buy snacks from a market and sell them after class," he told me. After he left school, he started selling different items to find out which one was most attractive to customers. Of course, he often had no money in his pocket,but6tough life was, he never gave up."There is no doubt that a person who puts in a great deal of effort to reach his or her goal will have good luck at some point. The meaning of life is to chase your dream," he said gently.That night I7hardly fall asleep. I lay in bed tossing and turning, asking myself, "What's my motivation?"I once wanted to be a top student, but the hard work neededmeant8（put）everything into following my passion. If I find myself lacking willpower, what should I do? Leaving home early the next morning, I climbed the mountain again by9It made me think: If we don't experience the climb, how can we get to see the scenery on the top of the mountain? In the end, I reached the topand10（fascinate）by the warm breeze and sunshine. Nothing could be more pleasant than that.二、选词填空（每空1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第31~40题10分Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Imagine an urban neighborhood where most of the cars are self-driving. What would it be like to be a pedestrian?Actually, pretty good. In fact, pedestrians might end up with the run of the place.In a new study published in the Journal of Planning Education and Research, Millard-Ball looks atthe1of urban areas where a majority of vehicles are "autonomous" or self-driving. It's a phenomenon that's not as far off as one might think."Autonomous vehicles have the potential to2travel behavior," Millard-Ball says. He uses game theory to3the interactions between pedestrians and self-driving vehicles, with a focus on yielding at crosswalks.Because autonomous vehicles are by design risk-averse, Millard-Ball's model suggests that pedestrians will be able to act with impunity, and he thinks autonomous vehicles may facilitate a shift towards pedestrian-oriented urban neighborhoods. However, Millard-Ball also finds thatthe4of autonomous vehicles may be hampered by their strategic disadvantage that slows them down in urban traffic."Pedestrians routinely play the game of chicken," Millard-Ball writes. Crossing the street, even at a marked crosswalk without a traffic signal, requires a probability calculation: what are the odds of survival?The benefit of crossing the street5, instead of waiting for a gap in traffic, is traded off against the probability of injury or even death. Pedestrians know that drivers are not interested in running them down -- usually. But there is the chance a driver may be6, or drunk.Self-driving cars are7to obey the rules of the road, including waiting for pedestrians to cross. They could provide the most8transformation in urban transportation systems. Parking, street design, and transportation service networks are likely to be revolutionized. In his latest study, Millard-Ball suggests that the potential benefits of self-driving cars -- avoiding9of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody."From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with10five-year-old children," Millard-Ball writes.Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.A. quicklyB. analyzeC. programmedD. adoptionE. boredomF. unaccompaniedG. dramaticH. transformI. distractedJ. peacefullyK. prospect三、完形填空（每空1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第41~55题15分Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then1— runs to over4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads （蔗蟾蜍） and rats.Some things that are uncontroversial （无争议的） are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to2invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful norvery3. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreignplants.4, Britain's invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a（n）5than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always6biological diversity （多样性） in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise7habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature's opportunists.The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also8. Elimination campaigns tend to be9by the belief that it is possible to restorebalance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human10. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing （杂交）. Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming11in any case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a（n）12gesture, not a means to an achievable end.A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species aretruly13and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to14pathogens （病菌）, especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannotgarden15. That is universally accepted.A. multipliedB. shrunkC. disappearedD. harvestedA. conserveB. eliminateC. investigateD. prioritizeA. healthyB. intentionalC. harmfulD. profitableA. As a resultB. For exampleC. By contrastD. In factA. attractionB. dominanceC. annoyanceD. substituteA. increasesB. destroysC. revealsD. targetsA. oppressedB. disturbedC. cultivatedD. preservedA. acceptableB. needlessC. mistakenD. convincingA. fuel（l）edB. organizedC. interruptedD. greetedA. civilizationB. interferenceC. interactionD. maintenanceA. tolerableB. impossibleC. beneficialD. criticalA. reluctantB. disorderlyC. invalidD. unbalancedA. damagingB. flexibleC. doubtfulD. outstandingA. pick upB. take inC. keep outD. turn downA. agricultureB. vegetationC. atmosphereD. nature四、阅读理解（每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第56~59题8分（A）Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-old entrepreneur （企业家）was on vacation in England four years ago and had to look up at the London Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging above him was a capsule full of diners who were served a new course each time a revolution was made. "I thought that was the coolest thing ever" , he says. Baras, who founded in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may be only a tiny part of the $709 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but pop-ups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower-risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession（衰退）.The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. "Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they're stuck in the back of somebody else's kitchen cooking somebody else's menu," says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves —and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups' temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won't tire of the concept. Some entrepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations— in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane— to keep customers interested. Says Baras, "It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet."(1) What does the underlined part "a revolution was made" in Paragraph One possibly mean?A. Chefs designed creative dishes.B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way.C. The capsule containing diners made a circle.D. Great changes were made in the food industry.(2) Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants' fast development?A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again.(3) Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that.A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideB. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingC. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basisD. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs' originality(4) The writer's propose of writing the passenger is to.A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsB. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsC. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurantsD. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants' development5、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第60~62题6分（B）In four countries with fast-developing economies （BRIC）– Brazil, Russia, India, and China –the agricultural sector has become a proving ground for innovation. Juergen Voegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that "by transforming agriculture, we will not only meet the challenge of feeding nine billion people by 2050 but do so in ways that create wealth and reduce its environmental footprint."BRAZILSoybeans on the RisePreserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil's soybean production has increased. The country is now the world's second largest producer of the crop. How did this happen?Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Brazil's 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This progress, says the World Bank's Juergen Voegele, is an example of how "producing more food coexist with protecting the environment."(1) According to Juergen Voegele, innovation in agriculture will lead to all the followingexcept.A. increased wealthB. the solution to the world's food crisisC. less impact on natureD. the challenging of feeding the world's population(2) Which one is the appropriate number to fill in the blank in the chart?A. 95.6B. 104.2C. 14D. 8.6(3) What is the most important problem Brazil is faced with?A. Feeding nine billion people by 2050.B. Increasing its soybean production.C. Protecting its rain forest from deforestation.D. Enhancing its farmers' efficiency.6、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第63~66题8分2019~2020学年上海宝山区上海交通大学附属中学高二上学期期中第91~94题8分2018~2019学年上海宝山区上海交通大学附属中学高二上学期期中（C篇）第71~74题（C）Spain's Literary GeniusFour centuries ago, the author of one of the greatest comedic characters in the world literature took his last breath. Miguel de Cervantes（1547-1616）, the author of Don Quixote, is to the Spanish what Shakespeare is to the English and Dante is to Italians - a national literary icon.Cervantes' book is still appreciated today, hundreds of years after its publication, because it's a wonderfully truthful comedy. Don Quixote, like human beings generally, has great difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Readers may laugh at his strange behavior, but when we laugh, we laugh with recognition.The book records the adventures of Alonso Quijano, an older Spanish gentleman who loves romance novels. In truth, he reads far too many romances, and they have affected his mind. Quijano is so mixed up that he decides that he must become a knight himself. Imagine a comic book fan who decides to dress up as a superhero to fight crime, and you'll get the picture.Setting the sceneAlonso Quijano reinvents himself as "Don Quixote de La Mancha" , an aristocratic（贵族的）name that suits his ambition of being a knight. Next, since every knight needs a horse, he finds himself an old one named Rocinante. But Rocinante is not exactly cut out for life as a knight's horse. He's tired from years of farm work. He's unlikely to be of much help in any fight against an enemy.The heroes in the romances Quijano reads all had a lady to love. They were highborn, like the knights themselves. Quijano chooses Aldonza Lorenzo, a farmer's daughter, to be his beloved. She becomes "Dulcinea del Toboso" , or "the sweet woman of Toboso" . How does Aldonza feel about Quijano's attentions? She doesn't feel much at all, actually. Aldonza is yet another byproduct of Quijano's imagination, like so many things.Finding a sidekickNow comes Cervantes' second great creation: Sancho Panza. Once servant in Quijano's house, Panza is promoted to the role of squire（随从）, because every self-respecting knight needs a squire. Panza has a sensible head on his shoulders, and he is a foil（衬托）to his foolish master.The pair faces many adventures, but none are as heroic as a knight's should be. We laugh, rather than cry, as we read. Quijano tries to act on behalf of justice, but he doesn't often succeed.Cervantes' novel inspired a word that sums up Quijano's romantic nature: "quixotic" . In English we use the word to describe someone who is idealistic but foolish in pursuit of his ideals. It is a mark of Cervantes' genius that he was able to identify this trait and personify it using such a great comedic character. We should appreciate him for it on this significant occasion.(1) On what occasion did the author write this review?A. The 400th anniversary of the publication of Don Quixote.B. An Italian Poet, Dante's 800th birth anniversary.C. An English genius, William Shakespeare's 400th death anniversary.D. Miguel de Cervantes' 400th anniversary of his death.(2) Which role is Alonso Quijano most likely to identify with?A. Miguel de Cervantes.B. Don Quixote de La Mancha.C. Dulcinea del Toboso.D. Sancho Panza.(3) What can be inferred from the passage?A. Don Quixote's failure of distinguish reality from imagination amuses the readers.B. Quijano manages to bring justice to the world by means of force.C. Quijano is a Spanish aristocrat with great ambition.D. Reading romance novel will make people behave in a foolish way.(4) According to the author, readers admire Cervantes and his masterpiecebecause.A. Cervantes is equal to Shakespeare and Dante as a national literary iconB. Quijano's adventure is romantic and heroicC. Cervantes has a genius for personifying Quijano's quixotic nature in a truthful comedyD. Quijano's vivid imagination has brought other minor characters to life五、信息匹配（每空2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第67~70题8分Ten years ago, after 2 years as a postdoc（博士后）, I found myself wondering whether I should take a different road. Up to that point, I had stuck to a pretty traditional path investigating cancer genetics, but I was losing interest in the research. At the same time, federal funding had flattened, which added to my dissatisfaction.1Then came the hard part: identifying a new career that would nurture my passion for science and allow me to make an impact with my work.As I was considering my options, I found inspiration in my first graduate school research tutor, whose work reminded me that scientists'efforts away from the bench can be incredibly powerful. But I still didn't know exactly what I should do.2 A colleague mentioned that a professor at a nearby 2-year college was training students to produce monoclonal antibodies for labs on campus. I was impressed that the professor had taken on this type of ambitious project with relatively inexperienced students. Curious to find out more, I set up a meeting with John and was struck by his sincerity and the way he prioritized student training above grants, publications, and personal ambition. I could also see his passion for teaching, which reminded me of the dream to become a high school biology teacher.3I found a faculty position and joined John at the same quiet junior college. Now, I effectively hold two positions: classroom instructor and research co-adviser of 15 inexperienced but eager undergraduates. Both roles give me a chance to help students transform themselves, which is enormously rewarding.4It's discouraging when others see both my students and me as less worthy because we are not at universities. We sometimes struggle to get access to federal funding, scientific conferences, and other resources and opportunities. My pay is below the standard at 4-year research institutions, even though my teaching workload is greater. But my occasional frustration is relieved by the thought of the students, who I have helped train.Looking back at these 10 years, I realize how much my work on this campus has helped me grow, both as an academic and a tutor. I'm grateful that I stepped away from a traditional career path and found a way to serve both the student and research communities in my own way, modest though it may be.A. However, my work has its challenges.B. Then a second bit of inspiration came my way.C. Distressed as I was, I resolved to pursue my interest in research.D. Besides the spiritual reward, there are other less apparent benefits.E. So I decided to leave the academic path to find a better match.F. Here, at last, was a way to combine my interest in science with my passion for teaching.六、任务型阅读（满分10分）8、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第71题10分2020~2021学年10月上海浦东新区上海市进才中学高三上学期月考第51题Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Food is life. We eat it to grow, stay healthy, and have the energy to do everyday activities. The food we consume makes all of these things possible, but not all food is created equal. Studies have shown, for example, that children who eat a nutritious breakfast do better in school than those with a poor diet. The well-fed child is able to pay attention longer, remember more, and participate more actively in class. The findings, then, are clear. Because our food choices affect our health and behavior, we must do more than just eat; we must eat well. For many people today, though, making healthy food choices is not easy.We are surrounded by information telling us what's good for us and what isn't, but usually this information is more confusing than helpful. In fact, different research about the same food often produces contradictory results. In previous research on eggs, people were encouraged to limit or completely eliminate eggs from their diets to prevent dangerous diseases. Recent studies say eggs are good for you. It's hard to know who to believe.Shopping for food can also be challenging. During a visit to a supermarket, we often need to make many different choices. Should you buy this cereal or that one? Regular or fat-free' milk? Tofu or chicken? It's hard to know which to choose, especially when two items are very similar. Many shoppers read product labels to help them decide. Indeed, many food labels are often misleading.Making healthy food choices and eating well do not have to be difficult. Doing simple things can result in a better diet and a healthier you. Urban gardening, which is becoming popular again is one such thing. On small pieces of land, neighbors are working together to grow fruit and vegetables. What are the benefits of these gardens? People have access to more fresh fruit and vegetables, especially poorer people who are less likely to spend money on these items. The food also cost less than it would in a supermarket.There are other benefits, too. Working together in the garden helps people to exercise. Urban gardens have also been used to teach children about food production and healthy eating.七、句子翻译（满分15分）9、【来源】 2017年上海浦东新区高三一模第72~75题15分Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 解除病人的痛苦是医生的职责。

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2017上海高考英语一模语法填空汇总

2017年高三英语一模汇编——语法新题型

One宝山区 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A My life on an Island we live on the island of Hale. it's about four kilometers long and two kilometers wide at its broadest point, and it is joined to the mainland by a causeway (21) _______(call) Stand---a narrow road built across the mouth of the river (22) ________ separates us from the rest of the country. Most of the time you wouldn’t know we are on an island because the river mouth between us and the mainland is just a vast stretch of tall grasses and brown mud. But when there is high tide and the water rises a half meter or so above the road and nothing can pass (23) _________the tide goes out again a few hours later, then you know it’s an island. We were on our way back (24) _________ the mainland. My older brother, Dominic, had just finished his first in university in a town 150km away. Dominic’s train was due in at five and he’d asked for a lift back from the station. Now,

Dad normally hates being disturbed when he (25) __________ (write) (which is just about all the time), and he also hates having to go anywhere, but despite the typical sighs and moans --- why can’t he get a taxi? What’s wrong with the bus? ----I could tell by the flash in the eyes that he was really looking forward to (26) ________ (see) Dominic. So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked up Dominic from the station. He had been talking non-stop from the moment he’d get into the car. University this, university that, writers, books, parties, people, money…….. I didn’t like the way he spoke and waved his hands around (27) ________ ____________he was some kind of scholar or something. It was embarrassing. It made me feel uncomfortable----that kind of discomfort you feel when someone you like, someone close to you, suddenly starts acting like a complete idiot. And I didn’t like the way he was ignoring me, either. For all the attention I was getting I (28) _________ as well not have been there. I felt a stranger. We were about half across when I saw a boy. My first thought was how odd it was (29)

_________(see) someone walking on the Strand. You don’t often see people walking around there. As we drew (30) _______(close) , he became clearer. He was actually a young man rather than a boy. 21 called 22 which 23 until 24 from 25 is writing 26 seeing 27 as if 28 might 29 to see 30closer

Two崇明区 Suspended Coffee How about buying a cup of coffee for someone you’ll never meet? The idea, begun in Naples, Italy, and called “Suspended Coffee”一 i.e., a customer pays for a coffee and “banks”it for someone (21) __________ (fortunate) —has become an international internet sensation(轰动) with coffee shops in Europe and North America (22) __________ (participate) in the movement. The Facebook page alone has more than 28,000 “likes”.

The tradition of “suspended coffee” is a long-standing tradition in Italy (23) __________ increased in popularity after the Second World War. Recently the practice was starting to take hold in other European countries (24) __________ (hit) hard economically. Homegrown Hamilton, a coffee chain of Canada, has decided to join the effort. “It’s a fantastic initiative (25) __________ we decided to help out. We had been doing it pretty much anyway, just not under a banner. During the winter, we were giving away coffee or soup to the homeless,” said manager Mike Pattison, “Staff members are always close to the coffeehouse’ front door, and (26) __________ they see someone walking by who looks like they want, a coffee but can’t afford it, they approach that person. If the offer (27) (accept), they provide the coffee.” However, not everyone supports the idea. In a posting on the website, Consumerist, columnist Laura Northrup raises (28)

__________ number of objections, including that coffee isn’t nutritious food for people who are hungry and (29) __________ the action could result in “greedy people” taking advantage of others’ kindness. He says people (30) __________ consider other ways to help. 21. less fortunate 22.participating 23. that/which 24. hit 25. So 26. if/when/as 27. is accepted 28. a 29. that 30. Should

Three 杨浦区 In two days, it will be Christmas, children all over the world (21) (look) forward to this day for weeks. People celebrate Christmas with food, decorations music and more. But for many people, gift-giving is the most exciting part of the holiday. I have fond memories of Christmas shopping with my family as a child. I enjoyed the challenge of keeping my parents’ gifts a secret. It was hard to buy gifts right (22) _ their

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