Cisco系统加固手册
Cisco Board 和 Desk 系列用户手册说明书
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本指南介绍了 Cisco Board 系列（Board Pro 、Board ）和 Cisco Desk 系列（Desk Pro 、Desk 和 Desk Mini ）在注册到内部服务时的用法。
如果某些功能适用于一个系列或设备，但不适用于全部系列或设备，则会提及适用的系列或设备。
Cisco Board 可用作独立设备，也可通过 Touch10 或Room Navigator 控制。
本手册介绍了如何将 Board 用作独立设备。
如果您将触摸控制器与 Board 搭配使用，请阅读 Cisco Room 系列用户手册中的触摸控制器特性和功能。
注：本用户手册中介绍的部分功能可能在某些市场中是可选的，可能不适用于您的设备。
本指南内容内容简介Cisco Board Pro ...................................................................4Cisco Board .........................................................................5Cisco Desk Pro ....................................................................6Cisco Desk ...........................................................................7Cisco Desk Mini ...................................................................8RoomOS 11：基本导航........................................................9与 Bluetooth® 配对.............................................................10头戴式耳机（Desk 系列、Board Pro ）...............................11用作 USB 摄像机（Desk Pro 、Desk ）................................12使用您的个人凭证登录........................................................13视频呼叫RoomOS 11：呼叫控制......................................................15音频设置.............................................................................16从联系人列表发出呼叫........................................................17呼叫之前编辑联系人............................................................18使用姓名、号码或地址拨出呼叫..........................................19来电....................................................................................20在通话期间收到呼叫............................................................21从呼叫自行断开连接............................................................22将呼叫置于保留状态和恢复保留的呼叫................................23转接正在进行的呼叫............................................................24更改呼叫速率......................................................................25激活免打扰..........................................................................26自动前转所有呼叫...............................................................27在通话期间打开键盘...........................................................28将参加者添加到正在进行的呼叫..........................................29断开会议参加者的连接........................................................30允许参加者加入会议...........................................................31在会议中固定发言人...........................................................32在会议中举手......................................................................33查找最近通话的呼叫详细信息. (34)Cisco 接近Cisco Proximity 超声波信号................................................36内容共享在通话中共享内容...............................................................38在通话中更改屏幕布局........................................................39白板....................................................................................40结束会话以清理设备............................................................41注释共享内容......................................................................42通过邮件发送注释或绘图.....................................................43有线触摸重定向...................................................................44Web 应用程序.....................................................................45预定的会议加入预定会议......................................................................47加入 Webex 会议................................................................48联系方式常用联系人、最近通话和通讯录..........................................50在通话期间将某人添加到常用联系人...................................51在非通话期间将某人添加到常用联系人................................52编辑常用联系人...................................................................53摄像机控制打开和关闭摄像机...............................................................55在通话和非通话中访问和调整本端视频................................56移动本端视频......................................................................57虚拟背景（Desk 系列）......................................................58手动控制摄像机..................................................................59选择自动摄像机模式（Board 系列）..................................60控制远端摄像机. (61)设置控制面板和设备设置............................................................63Cisco Board Pro配备 4K 摄像机、内置麦克风和扬声器以及高分辨率 4K 触摸屏的一体式设备。
CRS-1配置手册
个人根据项目整理资料，私人资料需要浏览，请付费谢谢！第一章系统基础配置 (3)第1节系统基本配置 (3)1.1 设备名称配置 (3)1.2 系统时间配置 (3)1.3 NTP配置 (3)1.4 主备卡切换配置 (4)1.5 接口配置 (4)1.5.1 Looback (4)1.5.2 GE/10GE (4)1.5.4 端口捆绑 (6)第2节网管配置 (7)2.1 网管地址配置 (7)2.2 远程登录SSH配置 (7)2.3 SNMP配置 (8)2.4 SYSLOG配置 (9)2.5 NETFLOW配置 (9)2.6 登录AAA (10)第3节路由配置 (11)3.1 路由优先级/管理距离 (11)3.2 黑洞路由配置 (11)3.3 ISIS (11)3.4 BGP (13)第二章业务相关配置 (27)第1节 MPLS VPN (27)第三章安全加固配置 (32)第1节数据层面安全加固 (32)1.1 关闭IP选项 (32)1.2 关闭IP 直接广播 (32)1.3 典型垃圾流量过滤 (32)第2节控制层面安全加固 (33)2.1 IGP 安全防护 (33)2.2 关闭控制平面未使用的服务 (33)2.3 控制引擎防护 (33)2.4 BGP安全防护 (34)第3节管理层面安全加固 (34)3.1 禁用未使用的管理平面服务 (34)第四章 QOS (34)第1节QOS标记、队列规划 (34)第2节队列调度、带宽预留和拥塞避免 (36)附件一. LZ-LCL-CR-1.MAN.CRS-1配置脚本: (37)第一章系统基础配置第1节系统基本配置1.1 设备名称配置■配置内容：设备命名配置；■规范要求：设备命名按附录1：设备和端口命名规范要求配置；1.2 系统时间配置■配置内容：设置设备的系统日期及时间；■规范要求：采用标准北京时间（时区为东八区）；■配置示例：1.3 NTP配置■配置内容：配置NTP服务器；■规范要求：1、采用NTP Version 3版本且启用MD5认证；2、采用loopback0地址作为时间同步的源地址；3、统一NTP Server的IP地址为：202.103.194.434、NTP服务器时钟为格林威治0时区，要求在设备上以此为基准调整为北京时区东8区。
Cisco Meraki MS交换机系列数据手册说明书
INDUSTRY-LEADING CLOUD MANAGEMENTCloud management has a number of benefits that make it easier to build networks large and small:• Single pane of glass management of distributed switch deployments, wireless APs, and firewalls across multiple sites through the browser.• Virtual stacking: manage up to thousands of ports from a single pane of glass.• Layer 7 visibility with operating system, client, and hostname fingerprinting.• Powerful Live Tools such as packet capture and cable test to isolate network issues.• Alerts upon power loss, downtime, or configuration changes.• Role-based administration and automatic, scheduled firmware upgrades over the web.• Regular feature updates and enhancements delivered on demand from the Meraki cloud.• True zero-touch provisioningMS220 & MS320 SeriesOverviewThe Cisco Meraki MS brings the benefits of the cloud to networks of all sizes: simplified management, reduced complexity, network widevisibility and control, with lower operational cost for campus and branch deployments. Cisco Meraki access switching is available in both Layer 2 and powerful Layer 3 models. Mission-critical features — like deep, Layer 7 application visibility, network topology, virtual stacking, QoS for business critical applications, 802.1X access control, and more — are present in all models.The MS320 is a powerful switch designed for branch access, with high-speed connectivity, high availability, PoE+, and optional redundant power supplies. The MS220 family provides layer 2 access switching and is ideal for deploying to branch locations. This family also supports an optional, rack-mountable remote PSU 11Except MS220-8/P models.A FRESH APPROACHMeraki switches are built from the ground up to be easy to manage without compromising any of the power and flexibility traditionally found in enterprise-class switches.Cisco Meraki switches are managed through anelegant, intuitive cloud interface, rather than a cryptic command line. To bring up a Meraki switch, just plug it in; there’s no need for complicated configuration files, or even direct physical access to the switch.Meraki’s centralized management gives administrators deep visibility into the network and how it’s used. See which switches are near capacity across hundreds of sites. Find all configuration changes made by a certain person with instant search.Cloud Managed Access SwitchesENTERPRISE-CLASS HARDWAREMeraki switches feature high-end hardware and an exceptional feature set, including:• Four built-in SFP/SFP+ ports (two SFP ports for MS220-8/P, shared on MS220-24 models)• GbE and 10 GbE uplink ports for high-speed connectivity to aggregation layer switches or other upstream devices• Wire-speed switch fabric (up to 432 Gbps) and QoS queues per port for converged voice, video, and data deployments• Low power consumption, quiet acoustic designs, and shallow rack depth options, enabling flexible deployment in wiring closets as well as offices and classrooms• Fanless design on select models• Up to 740 watt PoE budget with PoE+ support for powering APs, phones, cameras, and other PoE enabled devices (124W forMS220-8/P)• Power over Ethernet and PoE+, up to 30W per port• Lifetime hardware warranty and advanced replacement at no additional cost• Field-replaceable, hot-swappable power supplies and fans. RPS option for mission-critical applications FULL ENTERPRISE FEATURE SETMeraki switches include all of the traditional Ethernet features found on the highest end products, including:• Quality-of-Service (QoS) to prioritize mission critical traffic such as voice and video• IEEE 802.1X support for port based network access control• MAC-based RADIUS auth and MAC whitelisting• Voice VLAN support for simplified VoIP deployments• Port Mirroring to monitor network traffic• DHCP snooping to prevent users from adding unauthorized DHCP servers on the network• IGMP Snooping to optimize network performance with multicast traffic• Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) for high-capacity trunking, and increased availability• Rapid spanning tree, BPDU guard, root guard, and other safeguards to help prevent misconfigurations and reduce convergence time• Per port VLAN configuration• Multiple administrative roles with sophisticated security policy management• Layer 3 on MS320 series extends routing down to the network edgeSimplified Management and OperationsMeraki’s cloud managed architecture makes it simpler than ever to quickly provision and reconfigure switch ports with security, QoS, and other parameters. The Meraki dashboard provides unifiedpolicies, event logs, and monitoring, which make it easy to manage and grow large network deployments.By providing a complete, powerful set of management functions over the web, Meraki’s cloud-based management eliminates the need for proprietary command line configuration interfaces which require expensive and time consuming certifications. Meraki MS switches can be fully deployed and provisioned in minutes, without requiring any local configuration or staging. Additional or replacementswitches can be sent to remote offices and installed by non-technical staff, saving thousands of dollars in time and travel expenses.The Meraki MS family also includes several remote diagnostic features, from network connectivity and cable integrity tests to latency measurement tools. For deep client troubleshooting, administrators can even perform per-port remote pcap packet captures without any additional probes or hardware on site.LAYER 7 VISIBILITYMeraki is the only switch to include integrated Layer 7 fingerprinting. Identify hundreds of applications from business apps to BitTorrent and Y ouTube. User fingerprinting with Google-like search allows administrators to easily identify and control individual users, PCs, iMacs, iPads, Androids, and other devices. This unprecedented visibility allows optimizing of network resources and maintainingoptimal network performance.Combined Views of Thousands of PortsAutomatic E-mail AlertsMeraki Cloud Management ArchitectureScheduled Firmware UpdatesNETWORK TOPOLOGYCisco Meraki switches include integrated network topology, which automatically maps the whole network, shows direct and redundant links across wired and wireless infrastructure, and is essential for troubleshooting network issues that would otherwise require manual mapping, overlay monitoring software, or keeping track of MAC address tables.CONVERGED VOICE, VIDEO AND DATA ENVIRONMENTSThe Meraki switch family is designed to unify data, voice, and video onto a single IP backbone. All Meraki switches support rich quality-of-service (QoS) functionality for prioritizing data, voice, and video traffic. The switches support eight class-of-service (CoS) queues on every port, enabling them to maintain end-to-end traffic prioritization.PoE models provide power VoIP telephones, IP security cameras, wireless access points (APs), and other IP devices. The Meraki MS switches also support standards-based 25.5 watt (30 watt max per port) IEEE 802.3at for powering networked devices like multiple radio IEEE 802.11n APs, video phones and VDI terminals that may require more power than available with IEEE 802.3af. In addition, using CDP and LLDP, PoE power is intelligently budgeted to maximize the number of PoE clients supported.To ease deployment, Meraki switches support the industry-standard Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), enabling switches to automatically discover Ethernet-enabled devices, determine their power requirements and join the correct virtual LAN (VLAN).MERAKI’S UNIFIED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTUREMeraki switches run the same Meraki operating system used by Meraki’s firewalls and wireless LAN products. The use of a common operating system allows Meraki to deliver a consistent experience across all product YER 3Cisco Meraki MS320 series switches augment security and performance with built-in layer 3 features. Large networkdeployments can use warm spare redundancy, or OSPF to manage routing between VLANs through Meraki’s intuitive, web-baseddashboard.Detail of a typical network topology viewIntegrated Remote, Live Tools Detailed Views of Individual DevicesSpecifying Layer 3 Subnets and RoutesDesigned for Reliability & Environmental EfficiencyThe Meraki switch family was designed for reliable, long-livedoperation in wiring closet environments, which may be prone to high temperatures and limited ventilation. By minimizing total component count and only using proven switching silicon, Meraki is able to deliver mean time between failure (MTBF) ratings of over 750,000 hours on products such as the Meraki MS220-8.Each Meraki switch also operates with a split-plane architecture, where silicon-based switching and data forwarding are separated from software-based control and management. By decoupling theunderlying switching logic from control, each unit is able to deliver wire-speed switching even when advanced software features such as Layer 7 host and OS fingerprinting are enabled.Finally, the highly integrated designs of Meraki switches result in power and cooling savings in large deployment environments of 30-60% when compared with similar managed Gigabit switches.DISTRIBUTED BRANCHES & REMOTE SITESMeraki’s cloud-based system makes it easy to manage a single switch, or thousands of distributed switches, from a single interface.• Troubleshoot problems remotely, e.g., find which port has a bad cable attached.• Add or replace switches without having to send a technicianonsite. Switches automatically download their current configuration as soon as they are connected to the network.• Receive email alerts or SMS messages whenever there’s aCAMPUS EDGEMS switches are ideal for small and large scale campus deployments, where reliability, scalability, and manageability are top priorities.• Virtual Stacking lets administrators manage up to thousands of ports in a single interface without having to physically connect stack members.• 10GbE cable SFP+ ports with link aggregation provide high speed connectivity to aggregation switches such as the MS425.• Get alerts when any switch fails or goes offline, before users complain.Power Options MS220 FAMILY* Cisco RPS Module (PWR-RPS2300)MS320 FAMILYModel Physical Dimensions (H x W x D)Weight Interface Idle/Full Load Power Switching CapacityMS220-8 INCHES:1.75 x 9.05 x 8.66CENTIMETERS:4.46 x 23 x 22.92.37 lb. (1.08 kg) • 8x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 2x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)5/10 W20 GbpsMS220-8P INCHES:1.75 x 9.05 x 8.66CENTIMETERS:4.46 x 23 x 222.96 lb (1.34 kg)• 8x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 2x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)13/159 W20 GbpsMS220-24INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 10.11CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.5 x 25.75.97 lb (2.71 kg)• 24 x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45(4 shared with SFP)• 4x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)9/19 W48 GbpsMS220-24P INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 10.11CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.5 x 25.78.59 lb (3.9 kg)• 24x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45(4 shared with SFP)• 4x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)30/447 W48 GbpsMS220-48INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 14.17CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.5 x 368.47 lb (3.84 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)28/51 W104 GbpsMS220-48LP INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 14.17CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.46 x 3610.88 lb (4.93 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)45/505 W104 GbpsMS220-48FP INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 14.17CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.5 x 3610.9 lb (4.94 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP for 1GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)49/903 W104 GbpsMS220 FAMILYModel Physical Dimensions (H x W x D)(depth includes PSU)Weight Interface Idle/Full Load Power Switching CapacityMS320-24 INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 20.39CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.6 x 51.7910.69 lb (4.85 kg)• 24x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP+ for 10GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)24/39 W128 GbpsMS320-24P INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 20.39CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.6 x 51.7911.85 lb (5.37 kg)• 24x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP+ for 10GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)32/454 W128 GbpsMS320-48INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 20.39CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.6 x 51.7911.38 lb (5.16 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP+ for 10GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)34/55 W176 GbpsMS320-48LP INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 20.39CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.6 x 51.7912.62 lb (5.72 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP+ for 10GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)46/480 W176 GbpsMS320-48FP INCHES:1.74 x 19.1 x 22.31CENTIMETERS:4.44 x 48.6 x 56.6713.13 lb (5.95 kg)• 48x 10/100/1000BASE-T Ethernet RJ45• 4x SFP+ for 10GbE uplink• Auto negotiation and crossover detection(auto-MDIX crossover)52/885 W176 GbpsMS320 FAMILYDimensions and weight include the chassis assembly as it is shipped, with one power supply and one power supply slot blank.What’s IncludedMS220 FamilyMS220-8 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), Inegrated slide-out mounting bracketsMS220-8P 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), Inegrated slide-out mounting bracketsMS220-24 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US)MS220-24P 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US)MS220-48 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US)MS220-48LP 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US)MS220-48FP 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US)MS320 FamilyMS320-24 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), 1 x 250WAC Power Supply (MS-PWR-250WAC), 1 x Power supply slot blank MS320-24P 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), 1 x 640WAC Power Supply (MS-PWR-640WAC), 1 x Power supply slot blank MS320-48 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), 1 x 250WAC Power Supply (MS-PWR-250WAC), 1 x Power supply slot blank MS320-48LP 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), 1 x 640WAC Power Supply (MS-PWR-640WAC), 1 x Power supply slot blank MS320-48FP 1 x Power Cord (MA-PWR-CORD-US), 1 x 1025WAC Power Supply (MS-PWR-1025WAC), 1 x Power supply slot blankAccessoriesThe Meraki MS family supports pluggable optics for high-speed connectivity. Meraki offers several standards-based Gigabit and 10 Gigabit pluggable modules. Supported Meraki accessory modules for MS Switches (no lock-out of third-party optics):Full specifications and compatibility information is available in the Meraki Accessories datasheet: https:///lib/pdf/meraki_datasheet_sfp.pdfSpecificationsManagementManaged via the Web with the Meraki cloud management platformIntegrated with Meraki wireless, security appliance, and device managementZero-touch remote provisioning (no staging needed)Detailed historical per-port and per-client usage statisticsDHCP, client, and hostname fingerprintingSNMPd allows integration with third party network management solutionsAutomatic firmware upgradesRemote DiagnosticsEmail and SMS (text) alerts 1Cable testingLive remote packet captureAggregated event and configuration change logs with instant searchVirtual StackingVirtual stacking supports thousands of switch ports in a single logical stack for unified management, monitoring, and configurationEthernet Switching Capabilities802.1p Quality of Service prioritization802.1Q VLAN tagging for up to 4,094 VLANs802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and 802.1w Rapid Spanning TreeBroadcast storm control802.1ab Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) and Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 802.3ad Link aggregation with up to 8 ports per aggregatePort mirroringIGMP snooping for multicast filteringMAC forwarding entries: MS220-8/24: 8,000, MS220-48: 16,000, MS320 family: 32,000, (applies to PoE and non-PoE models)SecurityIntegrated two-factor authenticationRole-based administrationCorporate wide password policy enforcementIEEE 802.1X port-based securityMAC-based RADIUS authenticationPort security: Sticky MAC, MAC whitelistMAC whitelistingSTP Enhancements: BPDU guard, Root guardHybrid authenticationIPv4 ACLs PerformanceNon-blocking fabric2.5 microsecond latencyJumbo frame support (9578 byte Ethernet frame)Layer 3 (MS320 series only)Static routingDHCP Relay (Also supported on MS220)OSPFv2 2Warm Spare for L3 gateway redundancy 2DHCP serverAutomatic DHCP failover in warm spare modePowerPower input: 100 - 240 VAC, 47-63 HzPower consumption: 5-903WMountingRack-mountable with included rack mount hardware (except MS220-8/P) Desktop-mountable with included feetWall-mountable on MS220-8/PKensington lock on MS220-8/PEnvironmentOperating temperature: 0 °C to 40 °CHumidity: 5 to 95% non-condensingLow acoustic noise for office environments; fanless for MS220-8/P and MS220-24RegulatoryCSA (US)IC (Canada)CE (Europe)C-Tick (Australia/New Zealand)RoHSWarrantyFull lifetime hardware warranty with next-day advanced replacement included1 Requires carrier-supported email to SMS gateway MS220 FAMILY MS320 FAMILY2 OSPF and Warm Spare do not operate concurrentlyCiscoSystems,Inc.|500TerryA.FrancoisBlvd,SanFrancisco,CA94158|(415)432-1000|**************** 11。
安全加固技术手册
安全加固技术手册1. 引言在当今数字化时代，随着网络攻击日益增加，保障信息系统的安全性变得至关重要。
安全加固技术的应用已经成为各种组织和企业防范网络攻击的关键步骤。
本手册旨在提供一种全面的安全加固技术指南，帮助读者了解和应用各种常见的加固技术，从而提高信息系统的安全性。
2. 密码策略密码是安全加固的第一道防线，一个强大的密码可以有效阻止未经授权的访问。
制定和执行密码策略是确保密码安全的关键。
以下是几个关键的密码策略建议：- 要求用户使用强密码，包括大写和小写字母、数字和特殊字符的组合。
- 强制用户定期更改密码，并限制新密码不能与旧密码相似。
- 禁止用户在多个系统中使用相同的密码。
- 启用账户锁定功能，例如连续登录尝试失败后锁定账户。
3. 防火墙设置防火墙是网络安全的重要组成部分，通过监控网络通信并筛选流量来保护系统免受不必要的访问。
以下是关于防火墙设置的一些建议：- 限制对网络的入站和出站连接，只允许必要的通信。
- 在防火墙上配置网络地址转换（NAT），以隐藏内部网络的真实IP地址。
- 使用应用层防火墙来检测并阻断特定应用程序的恶意流量。
- 定期审查和更新防火墙规则，确保防火墙策略与组织的需求保持一致。
4. 操作系统安全操作系统作为信息系统的核心，其安全性至关重要。
以下是针对操作系统的安全建议：- 及时安装操作系统的安全更新和补丁程序。
- 禁用或删除不必要的服务和功能。
- 配置访问控制和权限管理，确保只有授权用户能够访问敏感资源。
- 启用审计日志记录以便日后的安全审查和分析。
5. 应用程序安全应用程序漏洞是黑客入侵的常见途径之一。
为了加固应用程序的安全性，以下是一些建议：- 使用最新的安全版本和补丁来更新应用程序。
- 实施输入验证和数据过滤来防止跨站脚本攻击和SQL注入等常见攻击。
- 限制应用程序对系统资源的访问权限，并使用最小特权原则。
- 进行定期的应用程序安全测试来发现潜在的安全漏洞。
6. 网络监控与入侵检测系统网络监控和入侵检测系统（IDS）可以帮助组织及时发现和应对网络攻击。
思科设备安全加固
思科网络设备安全加固一、密码管理密码是用来防止对于网络设备的非授权访问的主要手段，是网络设备本身安全的一部分。
最好的密码处理方法是将这些密码保存在TACACS+或RADIUS认证服务器上。
但是通常网络设备会有一个本地密码进行权限访问。
这时最好采用如下的方式进行设置：1.使用enablesecretEnablesecret命令用于设定进入系统特权模式的密码。
我们最好为其设置一个强壮的密码，该密码应该不会被字典式攻击轻易破解。
还有一点，就是老的系统采用的是enablepassword，虽然它们的功能相似，但是enablepassword采用的加密算法比较较弱，最好不要采用。
Router(Config)#enablesecret12#gF3?0Op9J2.使用servicepassword-encryption这条命令用于对存储在配置文件中的口令进行加密。
避免当配置文件被不怀好意者看见，从而获得这些数据的明文。
但是servicepassword-encryption的加密算法比较简单，很容易被破译。
这个主要是针对enablepassword命令设置的密码。
而enablesecret命令采用的是MD5算法，这种算法是很难进行破译的。
Router(Config)#servicepassword-encryption二、访问控制任何人登录到网络设备上都能够显示一些重要的配置信息。
一个攻击者可以将该设备作为攻击的中转站。
所以我们必须正确控制网络设备的登录访问。
尽管大部分的登录访问缺省都是禁止的。
但是有一些例如，比如控制台端口(Console)默认就是允许登录的。
控制端口是非常特殊的端口，当网络设备重启动的开始几秒，如果发送一个Break信号到控制端口，它就会进入一种监控模式，在这里可以恢复系统的密码，从而可以很容易控制整个系统。
因此如果一个攻击者尽管他没有正常的访问权限，但是能够重启系统（切断电源或使系统崩溃）和访问控制端口（通过直连终端、终端服务器），他就可以控制整个系统，所以我们必须保证所有连接控制端口的访问的安全性。
CISCO网络设备加固手册
CISCO网络设备加固手册1. 简介CISCO网络设备是广泛应用的企业级网络设备，其功能强大、性能稳定、安全性高。
然而，网络攻击日益增多，网络设备成为最容易受到攻击的攻击目标之一。
因此，在使用CISCO网络设备时，需要加强设备的安全性，有效防止网络攻击的发生。
本文档介绍了CISCO网络设备的加固方法，旨在帮助企业用户更好地保护其网络安全。
2. 密码设置访问CISCO网络设备需要输入密码。
因此，密码设置是网络安全的第一步，以下是密码设置的建议：•禁止使用简单的密码，如生日、电话号码等。
•密码长度应为8位以上，并包含大写字母、小写字母、数字和特殊字符。
•定期更换密码，建议每三个月更换一次。
•不要在多个设备上使用相同的密码。
3. 访问控制访问控制是网络安全的关键，它可以限制从外部访问网络设备的地址和端口。
以下是访问控制的建议：•禁止所有不必要的端口访问，只开放必要的端口。
•对于开放的端口，应该限制访问源地址和目的地址，并限制可访问的用户。
•对于ssh、telnet等协议，应该采用加密方式传输。
4. 防火墙防火墙是网络安全的重要组成部分，它可以帮助用户保护其网络设备和数据免受攻击。
以下是防火墙的建议：•配置ACL来限制来自互联网的流量。
•禁止来自未知或未信任IP地址的访问。
•禁用不必要的服务。
5. 授权管理授权管理是配置和管理网络设备的关键，可以实现对网络设备的安全控制。
以下是授权管理的建议：•禁止使用默认帐户和密码，如cisco/cisco等。
•为每个用户分配独立的帐户和密码。
•限制每个用户的访问权限，仅限其访问必要的配置。
6. 系统日志系统日志可以记录网络设备上发生的重要事件，如登录、配置更改、错误等。
以下是系统日志的建议：•配置日志服务器，将系统日志发送到远程服务器上，以便进行分析和查看。
•配置日志级别，仅记录重要的事件。
•定期检查日志，查找异常事件。
7. 漏洞修复CISCO网络设备可能存在某些漏洞，这些漏洞可能会被黑客利用，因此需要及时修复。
H3C交换机网络加固手册
Hostname#ssh2 source-ip
Hostname#acl number xxxx
Hostname#rule 10 permit source
Hostname#rule 20 permit source
Hostname#rule 30 deny
Hostname#user-interface vty x
Hostname# iundo info-center source default channel channel6
Hostname# info-center loghost XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX channel 6
Hostname# info-center source L2INF channel 6 log level informational state on trap
[ftp] put vrpcfg.txt
[ftp]quit
Hostname#save
实施目的
可以确保系统重启后配置和现有配置相同
实施风险
如果在现有配置下网络运行正常，则无实施风险
备注：
启用用户权限管理
编号：
H3C-03008
名称：
启用用户权限管理
系统当前状态：
Hostname# display current-configuration
Hostname# ssh server timeout 60
实施目的
确保设备在无人值守时能迅速断开连接
实施风险
无
备注：
日志审核加强
编号：
H3C-03010
名称：
日志审核增强
系统当前状态：
Hostname#show running-config
H3C 交换机安全加固手册(Comware V7)-6W100-整本手册
H3C交换机安全加固手册（Comware V7）Copyright © 2019 新华三技术有限公司版权所有，保留一切权利。
非经本公司书面许可，任何单位和个人不得擅自摘抄、复制本文档内容的部分或全部，并不得以任何形式传播。
除新华三技术有限公司的商标外，本手册中出现的其它公司的商标、产品标识及商品名称，由各自权利人拥有。
本文档中的信息可能变动，恕不另行通知。
目录1本书约定 (1)1.1 读者对象 (1)1.2 接口编号约定 (1)1.3 特别申明 (1)2概述 (1)2.1 安全威胁 (1)2.1.1 管理平面和控制平面的安全威胁 (1)2.1.2 转发平面的安全威胁 (2)2.2 安全体系架构 (3)2.3 安全加固的基本原则 (4)3管理平面安全加固 (4)3.1 登录及访问设备的安全 (4)3.1.1 通过Console口/USB口登录设备 (4)3.1.2 通过Stelnet登录设备 (6)3.1.3 通过RESTful访问设备 (8)3.1.4 通过SNMP访问设备 (8)3.1.5 通过Web登录设备 (10)3.1.6 文件访问安全 (10)3.1.7 EPON的ONU用户认证 (12)3.1.8 FC端口安全 (12)3.2 登录用户及权限管理 (13)3.2.1 管理登录用户权限（RBAC） (13)3.2.2 AAA（认证、授权、计费） (13)3.2.3 命令行授权 (14)3.2.4 Password Control (14)3.2.5 修改SmartMC成员设备的密码 (15)3.3 密码设置安全 (15)3.4 设备管理安全 (16)3.4.1 配置密码恢复功能 (16)3.4.2 关闭USB接口 (16)3.4.3 配置内存告警门限 (16)3.5 配置文件加密 (18)3.6 安全日志 (19)3.7 VXLAN安全 (20)3.7.1 MAC地址学习 (20)3.7.2 ARP/ND安全 (20)3.7.3 ARP迁移抑制 (21)3.7.4 泛洪抑制 (21)4控制平面安全加固 (22)4.1 二层协议安全 (22)4.1.1 生成树保护功能 (22)4.1.2 LLDP邻居验证与超时保护功能 (23)4.2 ARP攻击防御 (25)4.2.1 源MAC为组播的ARP表项检查功能 (25)4.2.2 泛洪类ARP报文攻击防范 (25)4.2.3 防御ARP欺骗类攻击功能 (27)4.3 ND攻击防御 (32)4.3.1 ND Snooping (32)4.3.2 ND协议报文源MAC地址一致性检查功能 (32)4.3.3 ND Detection功能 (33)4.3.4 RA Guard功能 (33)4.3.5 IPv6 Destination Guard功能 (35)4.4 接入业务安全 (35)4.4.1 802.1X (35)4.4.2 端口安全 (36)4.4.3 Portal (37)4.4.4 限制Web认证最大用户数 (39)4.4.5 FIP Snooping (39)4.4.6 HTTPS重定向 (39)4.5 DHCP安全 (40)4.5.1 DHCP Flood攻击防范功能 (40)4.5.2 防止DHCP饿死攻击功能 (41)4.5.3 DHCP用户类白名单功能 (42)4.5.4 DHCP中继用户地址表项管理功能 (42)4.5.5 DHCP中继支持代理功能 (43)4.5.6 DHCPv6服务器记录的地址租约表项转化为IP Source Guard动态表项功能 (43)4.5.7 DHCP Snooping (44)4.5.8 DHCPv6 guard (44)4.6 DNS安全 (44)4.7 ICMP安全 (45)4.8 TCP安全 (45)4.8.1 SYN Cookie功能 (45)4.8.2 禁止发送TCP报文时添加TCP时间戳选项信息 (46)4.9 路由协议安全 (46)4.9.1 RIP/RIPng (46)4.9.2 OSPF/OSPFv3 (47)4.9.3 IS-IS (48)4.9.4 BGP (49)4.10 组播安全 (51)4.10.1 IGMP Snooping/MLD Snooping (51)4.10.2 PIM/IPv6 PIM (53)4.10.3 MSDP (53)4.11 MPLS安全 (54)4.11.1 LDP (54)4.11.2 RSVP (54)4.12 控制平面限速及丢包告警 (55)4.12.1 协议报文限速 (55)4.12.2 控制平面协议丢包告警日志 (56)4.13 WLAN管理与接入安全（仅支持融合AC产品适用） (56)4.13.1 CAPWAP隧道加密 (56)4.13.2 WLAN客户端接入控制功能 (57)4.13.3 WLAN用户接入认证 (58)4.13.4 WLAN用户安全 (59)4.13.5 WIPS (59)4.14 高可靠性协议报文认证 (59)4.14.1 DLDP报文认证 (59)4.14.2 VRRP报文认证 (60)4.14.3 BFD控制报文认证 (61)4.15 时间管理协议报文认证 (61)4.15.1 NTP服务的访问控制权限 (61)4.15.2 NTP报文认证 (62)4.15.3 SNTP报文认证 (66)5转发平面安全加固 (68)5.1 安全隔离 (68)5.1.1 端口隔离 (68)5.1.2 用户隔离（仅支持融合AC产品适用） (68)5.1.3 远程配置EPON ONU设备的UNI端口隔离 (68)5.2 广播、组播、未知单播抑制 (69)5.2.1 风暴抑制和流量阈值控制 (69)5.2.2 丢弃未知组播报文 (70)5.3 MAC地址安全管理 (71)5.3.1 黑洞MAC地址 (71)5.3.2 关闭MAC地址学习 (71)5.3.3 控制MAC地址学习 (71)5.3.4 配置接口的MAC地址学习优先级 (72)5.3.5 MAC地址迁移上报和抑制功能 (72)5.4 数据流保护 (73)5.4.1 MACsec (73)5.4.2 IPsec (73)5.4.3 EPON数据流保护 (74)5.5 报文＆流量过滤 (74)5.5.1 ACL (74)5.5.2 流量过滤 (75)5.5.3 IP Source Guard (76)5.5.4 IP Source Guard（仅支持融合AC产品适用） (76)5.5.5 MFF (76)5.5.6 uRPF (77)5.5.7 SAVI (77)5.5.8 Voice VLAN的安全模式 (77)5.6 攻击检测与防范 (78)5.6.1 DoS攻击检测与防范 (78)5.6.2 Naptha攻击防范 (78)1 本书约定1.1 读者对象本手册主要适用于如下工程师：•网络规划人员•现场技术支持与维护人员•负责网络配置和维护的网络管理员1.2 接口编号约定本手册中出现的接口编号仅作示例，并不代表设备上的实际接口编号。
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Cisco网络设备系统加固手册(V1.0)
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