2015房山一模CD篇、2015门头沟一模CD篇、2015顺义一模CD篇生词整理
2015门北京门头沟区2014~2015学年度初三语文一模试卷
门头沟区2014~2015学年度初三一模语文试 卷第Ⅰ卷 （ 共70分）一、 基础·运用（共24分）（一）选择。
下面各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个符合题意，选出答案后在答题卡上用2B 铅笔把对应题目的选项字母涂黑涂满。
（共14分）阅读下面的文字，完成第1-4题。
梅、兰、竹、菊,被历代文人雅士称为花中“四君子”。
明代黄凤池辑．有《梅兰竹菊四谱》，在他的《集雅斋梅兰竹菊四谱小引》中有这样的描述：“文房清供，独取梅、兰、竹、菊四君者无他，则以其幽芳逸致，偏能涤人之秽肠而澄莹其神骨。
”从此，梅兰竹菊被称为“四君子”。
“四君子”并非浪得虚名，确实各有它的特色：梅，剪雪裁冰，一身傲骨；兰，空谷幽香，孤芳自赏；竹，筛风弄月，（xi āo ）洒一生；菊，凌霜自行，不趋炎势。
梅、兰、竹、菊，占尽春夏秋冬，春之兰，夏之竹，秋之菊，冬之梅。
中国文人以其为“四君子”，正表现了文人对时间（zh ì）序和生命意义的感悟。
千百年来，“四君子”以其清雅淡泊的品质，一直为古今文人墨客所钟爱。
子瞻先生偏爱竹，喜欢“古寺满修竹，深林闻杜鹃”的意境。
临川先生面对梅花亦有“华发寻春喜见梅，一株临路雪倍堆”的描写。
曹雪芹在《红楼梦》第38回探春的《簪菊》诗中曾咏“长安公子因花癖，彭泽先生是酒狂”。
梦得先生对兰花也有“光华童子佩，柔软美人心”的赞誉。
梅 A ，兰 B ，竹 C ，菊 D 。
它们的共同特点是自强不息，清华其外，淡泊其中，不作媚世之态。
自古以来，梅、兰、竹、菊象征着中国人的气节。
中国人在一花一草、一石一木中负载．了自己的一片真情，从而使花木草石脱离或拓展了原有的意义，而成为人格的象征和隐喻。
1.对文中加点字的注音和依据注音写汉字全都正确的一项是A．jīzài萧秩B．jízài 潇秩C．jízǎi 潇致D．yīzǎi 箫秩2.下列关于汉字的结构、构成以及查字典知识描述有误的一项是A．“逸”字是半包围结构，按部首查字法应先查“辶”，再查8画。
2015年北京房山高三一模语文试题答案
2015年北京房山高三一模语文试题答案房山区2015年高考第一次模拟测试语文试卷参考答案及评分建议一、本大题共5小题，共18分。
1.B（薄：迫近，逼近）2.C（朱宸濠的船搁浅了，仓促地换了条船逃跑，王冕率领的士兵追上去抓住了他。
）3.D（“让张忠、许泰对他更加佩服”错，应为“让张忠、许泰更加懊丧”。
）4.第一问参考答案：因为如果救援安庆会被断绝后路，以致腹背受敌。
（1分）而假如攻打南昌，引叛军回救，安庆之围自解。
（1分）评分建议：意思对即可得分。
第二问参考答案：围魏救赵（1分）5.答案略说明：考生可以赞同其中任何一种说法，也可以有自己个人的理解与认识，但要言之有据、言之有理、言之有序。
评分建议：6分。
考生能提出自己的理解（观点），且有下文支撑的，理解（观点）得1分；结合学习体验或生活感悟分析，占4分；语言表达，占1分。
【参考译文】王守仁，字伯安，余姚人。
父亲王华，是成华十七年的进士第一名。
王华有才华，气度不凡，孝宗很器重他。
王华天性孝顺，士人在议论时都赞美他。
守仁孕期十四个月才生下来。
祖母梦见神人从云中送子下凡，于是给他取名叫云。
五岁还不能说话，异人用手掌拍打他，为他更名叫守仁，才会说话。
弘治十二年考取进士。
正德元年冬天，刘瑾逮捕了南京给事中御史戴铣等二十多人。
守仁上疏论救，刘瑾大怒，当廷杖打王守仁四十下，又把他贬到贵州的龙场做驿丞。
刘瑾被诛杀，衡量其才能，调迁到庐陵做知县。
入宫朝见皇帝，升任南京刑部主事。
正德十四年六月，受命平定福建叛军。
行走到丰城时，宁王朱宸濠造反，知县顾佖把这个消息告诉他。
守仁紧急赶到吉安，和伍文定征集调动兵马粮草，准备作战器械和舟船，传布讨贼檄文公布朱宸濠的罪状，让太守县令各自率领官吏士兵救皇帝之难。
七月初一，宁王的军队攻下九江和南康，逼近安庆。
有人请求救援安庆，守仁说：“不能这样。
现在九江、南康已经被叛贼把守，如果我们越过南昌和他们在江上相持，两个郡的军队断绝我们的后路，这样我们就腹背受敌了。
2015顺义一模
顺义区2015届高三第一次统练语文试卷2015.03 一、本大题共11小题。
共29分。
阅读下面文字，完成1—11题。
【材料一】《礼记〃曲礼》说‚男子二十冠．而字‛。
取字原属贵族特权，后来成为知识阶层的事。
宋代还不准下层人取字。
到明清时代，三教九流，五行八作．，几乎无人无字。
尽管也遭到士大夫的抨击和嘲讽，但取字的习俗，仍然普及开来。
先秦时代，字是行冠礼时由选定的嘉宾给起，后世不举行冠礼了，字则改由师长或其他通文墨的人给起，而且也不一定到成年才起，很可能是小名、大名和字一同起的。
当然，也有成人之后才请人起字的。
上古贵族女子，原本也起字。
《礼记〃曲礼》：‚女子许嫁，笄而字。
‛是说女子成年许配人家时，把垂发挽起来，用笄别住，并给她取字。
这一礼制，秦汉后没能承袭。
虽然上层妇女有的也有名有字，但不一定‚许嫁笄而字‛。
女性一般自幼至成年，只有一个小名（闺名）。
不过，这一礼制虽未推行开，却在汉语中留下许多成语，如说女子已有婆家，叫‚已字‛‚已字人‛；没找婆家，称‚待字闺中‛‚未字人‛‚未字‛。
后世取字，有许多是引经据典。
如唐代陆羽字鸿渐，取自《易〃渐卦》‚鸿渐于陆，其羽可用为仪‛；宋代楼伯圭字禹锡，出自《书〃禹贡》‚禹锡玄圭‛。
名字的组合方式，自古及今，当不下几十种。
习见而常用者，约为以下八种。
第一、同义相协。
名与字为同义词，二者相为辅佐，互作解释。
如宋欧阳修字永叔，《广雅》：‚修，长也。
‛《说文》：‚永，水长也。
‛第二、反义相应。
名与字皆为反义词，二者对立相应，各从反面作解。
如孔子弟子曾点字皙，《说文〃黑部》：‚点（繁体作‚點‛），小黑也。
‛，‚皙‛，意为洁白，点、皙相对。
第三、连类相及。
义类相近或相似，因甲而及乙。
三国孙策字伯符，策、符皆为信物，只形制与用途不一。
第四、景仰前贤。
因为倾慕前代圣贤，向他们看齐，于是就袭用其名字。
汉司马相如字长（zhǎng）卿，《史记》说他‚慕蔺相如之为人，更名相如‛。
蔺相如为赵国上卿，故以‚长卿‛为字。
2015北京门头沟中考化学一模-word
2015北京门头沟中考化学一模-word门头沟区2015年初三一模化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量 H-1 N-14 O-16 S-32 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65一、选择题（每小题只有1个选项符合题意，共20个小题，每小题1分，共20分）1．下列过程中，发生了化学变化的是（ ）A ．磨豆成浆B ．剪纸成花C ．酿谷成酒 D ．雕石成像2．下列物质属于纯净物的是（ ）A ．冰水B ．海水C ．盐水 D ．雨水3．空气的成分中，体积分数约占 78％的是考生须知 1．本试卷共二道大题，36个小题，满分80分。
考试时间100分钟。
2．在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和准考证号。
3．试题答案一律书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
4．本答题卡用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5．本试卷化学方程式中的“==”和“→”含义相同。
（）A．氮气B．氧气C．二氧化碳D．稀有气体4．下列物质在氧气中燃烧，火星四射，生成黑色固体（）A．木炭B．铁丝C．酒精D．红磷5．近年来，我市多地出现了较为严重的雾霾天气，从而再次引起人们对空气质量的关注，下列一些行为和举措，有利于改善空气质量的是（）A．燃放烟花爆竹B．大力发展火力发电C．露天焚烧垃圾D．提高电动汽车的比例6．氯酸钾(KClO3)中氯元素的化合价为（）A．-1 B．+3 C．+5 D．+7 7．下列符号中，表示两个氢原子的是（）A．H2B．2H C．2H+ D．2H28．牙膏中的含氟化合物对牙齿有保护作用。
一种氟原子的原子核内有9个质子和10个中子，该原子的核电荷数为 （ ）A ．7B ．9C ．10D ．199．下列日常生活用品不能与水形成溶液的是（ ）A ．食盐B ．蔗糖C ．白醋 D ．面粉10．化肥硫酸铵[(NH 4)2SO 4]属于（ ）A ．氮肥B ．磷肥C ．钾肥 D ．复合肥11．下列实验基本操作中，正确的是 （ ）12．下列是生活中常见物质的pH ，其中碱性最强的是（ ）A ．厕所清洁剂pH=1B ．食醋pH=3A ．倾倒液体B ．过滤C ．加热液体D ．熄灭酒精灯C．肥皂水pH=10 D．厨房洗涤剂pH=1213．下列做法中，不利于．．．保护水资源的是（）A．使用节水型马桶B．生活污水任意排放C．合理使用农药和化肥D．工业废水处理达标后排放14．右图所示装置可用于测定空气中氧气的含量，实验前在集气瓶内加入少量水，并做上记号。
2015北京各区一模阅读CD篇试题及答案汇总
2015各区一模阅读CD篇试题与答案汇总XCHCWe all know that zebras have stripes (条纹）.But why? It’s hard to get a black-and-white answer. This is a question not just common people like us have asked, but scientists too.Several studies have been done to find out the reason behind the stripes and many theories (理论）have been suggested.According to a recent study, the type of stripes changes depending on the temperature where zebras live. The warmer the place is, the more stripes they may have. From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places.According to the cooler temperature theory, when air hits a zebra, the movements of air are stronger and faster over the black parts and slower over the white. This is because black color takes in more heat than white. So at the point where the black and white meet, there is cooling airflow. It can quickly cool a zebra’s skin! In fact，scientists have noticed that heavily striped zebras have 5.4T lower skin temperature than other animals without stripes in the same area.Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation (适应)by zebras to defend (防卫）themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot. Flies also don't like landing on striped surfaces.There also have been many other theories that have been suggested for why zebras have stripes. Some explanations are very common. One of them is that stripes may help zebras hide in grass especially from lions. Lions are color blind and even if they are not far away they may see stripes as grey and be confused by them. What’s more, zebras are a large group of animals living together. When a number of zebras stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal.48.Stripes are helpful for zebras to_________.A. stay coolB. move togetherC. live in cold placesD. fight against diseases49.How do zebras' stripes protect them from lions?A. Lions may be frightened away by strips.B. Lions may see stripes as many animals.C. Stripes can prevent zebras from being seen.D. Stripes may make lions confused.50.The underlined words “holds merit "in Paragraph 4 probably mean"_________".A. works wellB. sounds unreasonableC. causes disagreementD. needs supporting facts51.What is the passage mainly about?A. Why lions can't eat zebras.B. How horseflies keep away from zebras.C. Why zebras have stripes.D. How animals adapt to nature.DEntertainment (娱乐）is a developing business. Its popularity continues to grow as it keeps up with technology. More people are willing to pay for entertainment with their time and money. Sometimes entertainment is a form of escapism（逃避）.It takes us away from our reality and gets us into another world—not our own.•Why do we want to escape?Boredom or loneliness: The boredom of daily life gets to us and we feel we need some excitement and a bit change. A TV running in the background, and maybe catching our attention every now and then, keeps us company.Fear and avoidance: We don’t want to face something we fear, or can’t bring ourselves to move past the fear and do something about it. We’re scared to go for what we want, so we choose to turn on the TV.Struggle: Life sometimes feels like a battle—traffic, work, taking care of ourselves and keeping up with what's going on. Al the end of the day all we want to do is forget about all of it and sit mindlessly in front of TV.Escaping has never been easier than today. We have many forms of escape. And the most favored is entertainment.• ____ _____Easy to reach and affordable：You can stay at home and watch TV, or surf online all day long.Social connection：one can line up for a new movie and socialize with other people or go to a ballgame and cheer for his or her favorite team. Entertainment has become something people have in common and can talk about.All forms of entertainment are okay if we know what we're doing. And more importantly, we have complete control over when entertainment comes to an end.•To face our fears and reality or to escape?If you tried escaping before and it didn't help, it's time to deal with the problems you face.Before watching a TV show, make sure that the important thing is taken care of. Leave your favorite show to the end of the day, after you've taken care of what matters to you. This will allow you to enjoy every minute.There is nothing wrong with entertainment, if we don' t place a higher value on it than our own reality and what matters to us.When we entertain ourselves mindfully, we won't need to escape. We turn entertainment into the reality of the moment. And when we're done, we move on一with no regret. And that can be a lot of fun.52.One reason why we want to escape is that___________ .A. we are eager to get over our fearB. we prefer to sit mindlessly before TVC. people are willing to pay for their entertainmentD. people need some excitement and change in daily life53.Which of the following sentences might be the best to fill in the blank?A. Who can we socialize with?B. What's the best form of escapism?C. Why is entertainment in such great need?D. How does the entertainment business develop?54.Which of the following can explain the underlined sentence?A. We can stop entertaining when we want to.B. It's more important to control our daily life.C. Entertainment leads to the loss of self-control.D. We need to learn about all forms of entertainment.55.The writer may agree that________ .A. escape from life is more difficult than everB. entertainment is the best way for us to enjoy lifeC. the popularity of entertainment depends on technologyD. we can truly entertain ourselves with real matters doneFSHCUsually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. The question is “What’s your name?”Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named Gorge Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler” ; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook.; someone who was called Longstreet probably on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.Other early surnames came from people’s occupations(职业). The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron(铁) or other metals. The ancestors(祖先) of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses or furniture.Sometimes people were known for the color or their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English–speaking people add -s or – son. The Johnsons are descendants (后裔) of John. Irish and Scottish people add Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.48. According to the passage , a girl is named Helen Keller Jones because.A. her family lives near Helen KellerB. she loves Helen KellerC. her parents admire Helen KellerD. she looks like Helen Keller49. An English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest, their family name is probably.A. SmithB. CarpenterC. LongstreetD. Greenwood50. The surnames in the passage do NOT cover .A. places where people livedB. people’s educationC. talents that people ownedD. people’s occupations51. According to the passage , Jackie Speaker is probably .A. a person who runs fastB. a person who listens moreC. a person who has black hairD. a person who is talkativeD.Have you wondered why you have two eyes and why they are set close together on the front of your face？The reasons are simple and important.Your eyes are like two small cameras. A camera catches an image(影像) of an object and records it on film. Similarly, when you look at something, each eye takes in what it sees and sends this image to the back of the eyeball. Because your eyes are set close together, they see the world from about the same height but from a little different angles(角度). While your right eye sees an object a little to the right, your left eye sees the same object a bit to the left. Working as a team, the eyes send the images to your brain, then your brain put them together and you see a single image in the center.Seeing in stereo means seeing with two eyes working tighter, which is called stereoscopic sight. This allows you to see the world in 3-D. Seeing depth(深度) helps you to judge how far it is between you and the objects you see, and then adjust(调整) to the changing angle so that you can see something clearly when you move closer or farther away. If images are coming from only one eye, however, height and width(宽度)—can be perceiced.So if you see with one eye, you will get a 2—D image, as in a photograph.Now consider why your two eyes are on the front of your face. Think of other animals just like you. They are all hunting(猎杀) animals, like lions and tigers. This provides a field of sight about 180 degree wide, which is called binocular sight. On the other hand, animals that are hunted have eyes on the sides of the head, which provides nearly 360—degree field of sight. However, they don’t have stereoscopic sight. It is difficult for them to judge how far a danger is.With both stereoscopic and binocular sight, humans and hunting animals share the ability to see from side to side and to judge how far it is from other objects. If you think it would be great to have another kind of sight, perhaps with hundreds of tiny eyes like many insects(昆虫) do, think again! Each tiny insect eye sees only a tiny part. Besides, what if you needed glasses? Be glad for the eyesight that you have.52. In Paragraph 2, the writer wants to .A. tell us how our two eyes worksB. show the importance of eyesC. compare our eyes with camerasD. suggest using two eyes properply53. The underlined word “perceiced”in Paragraph 3 means .A. setB. takenC. seenD. made54. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that “seeing in stereo”.A. is similar to the way a camera worksB. is an ability humans are lucky to haveC. would be better for a wilder field of sightD. helps people to have better sight than animals55. What is probably the best title for this passage?A. Seeing in stereoB. Protecting your eyesC. Treasuring your eyesD. Seeing with eyesMTGCLast week, my granddaughter startedkindergarten(幼儿园), and certainly I wished her success. I wassaying something that is not true. What I actuallywish for her is failure. I believe in the importanceof failure.Success is boring. Success is proving that youcan do something that you already know you cando, or do something correctly the first time, whichcan often be a problem for the future. First-timesuccess is usually a fluke(侥幸). First-time failure, infact, is the natural orderof things.Failure meanshow we learn. I havebeen told of an Africanphrase(短语) describing agood cook as “she who has broken many bowls”. Ifyou’ve spent enough time in the kitchen and havebroken a lot of bowls, probably you know a lotabout cooking. I once had a dinner with a groupof cooks, and they spent time comparing knifewounds and burn scars. They knew how muchtheir failures gave them.My younger daughter is a dancer. She spentthree years getting ready for an act. She did itsuccessfully for years. There was no reason for herto change the act—but she did anyway. She saidshe was no longer learning anything new and shewas bored; and if she was bored, she couldn’t playwell. So she changed the act. She risked failure inorder to feed her heart.My granddaughter is a perfectionist. But I willalso, I hope, remind her of what she learned, andhow she can do whatever it is better next time. I probably won’t tell her that failure is a good thing,because that’s not a lesson you can learn when you’re five.I hope I can tell her, though, that it’snot the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is thebeginning.48. What did the writer really wish for hergranddaughter in the kindergarten?A. Success.B. Failure.C. Kindness.D. Care.49. The third paragraph mainly tells us.A. what “a good cook” meansB. a cook should often cookC. a cook must break many bowlsD. failure means how we learn50. Why did the younger daughter change the act?A. Because she didn’t do well in it.B. Because she was asked to change it.C. Because she wanted to feed her heart.D. Because she wanted to try a failure.51. What does the writer hope to tell thegranddaughter?A. Failure is a good thing.B. She can’t fail any more.C. Failure is not the end of the world.D. Success is the end of the world.Dof the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are onthe way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting.But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they areteaching it. One of this year’s studies found that about three out of everyfour teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Someteachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for 10 to 15minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70minutes a day — which really for handwriting is pretty much.Many adults remember learning that way —by copying letters over and over again. Today’s thinkingis that short periods of practice are better. Many experts(专家) also think handwriting should not betaught by itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, thatis why we write.Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means forming the letters so they can beread. The other is fluency(流畅) —writing without having to think about it. Fluency continues to developup until high school.But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kidshave poorhandwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because ofcomputers and voice recognition programs.But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is seldom done in primary school, especiallyin the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, whichconnects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board(大学委员会).More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay(article) on the test rather than write incursive.52. From Paragraph 1 we can learn.A. teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in the teaching jobB. most teachers prefer to teach handwritingC. teachers spend little time in teaching handwritingD. a keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting53. Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?A. Handwriting includes two skills.B. To write in cursive is taught first.C. The letters are repeated many times.D. The students are taught by practicing a long period.54. The underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 means.A. easy to readB. easy to writeC. unexpectedD. unreadable55. The best title for the passage is.A. How to Improve Handwriting in SchoolB. Right or Wrong: the Death of HandwritingC. Handwriting Involves Two SkillsD. Handwriting Lessons Are on the Way OutCHYCWhere did that number come from?Eleven and TwelveThe reason behind the change in number naming is that eleven comes from the German term ainlif, which translates to “one left”. Twelve follows the same rule. It comes from twalif—“two left”. Why teen is used instead of lif for 13 through 19? There is something sadly lost in history.911 for US Emergency (急救) CallsEarly phones didn’t use phone numbers—the operator had to connect your call by hand—and this led to the need for an emergency code (信号). But later phone numbers became popular, that changed. In 1967, 911 was chosen as the nationwide emergency call because it was easy to remember and could be quickly dialed (拨) on the phone.26.2 Miles in a Marathon (马拉松)The story began with an ancient Greek soldier carrying message from a battlefield (战场) in Marathon to Athens. The modern marathon was born as a flagship event in the first Olympic Games, in1896, with a distance (距离) of about 25 miles (40 km), as long as the distance from Marathon to Athens. But race organizers for the 1908 Olympic Games in London wanted to add something special. The race began at Windsor Castle and ended at White City Stadium, with runners finishing only after passing the royal (皇室的) box. The distance was 26.2 miles (42.1 km). And since 1924 this distance has been kept in marathon.28 Days in FebruaryBefore using the Gregorian calendar that we use today, one of the first Roman calendars had only 304 days and ten months (March through December), with six months of 30 days and four of 31 days. The second king of Rome improved the old calendar. He added 50 days for January and February. To make the new months longer, he took one day from each of the 30-day months, making 56 days to divide between January and February (or 28 days each). Later January was given one more day to add up to 355 days a year, but February still had 28 days. That’s how it became the shortest month and it stayed that way ever since.48. Which language do eleven and twelve come from?A. English.B. German.C. French.D. Russian.49. When was the number 911 chosen for US emergency calls?A. In 1896.B. In 1908.C. In 1924.D. In 1967.50. The marathon distance was made longer at London Olympic Games because ______.A. the British was a little weak in mathsB. the British didn’t like the Greek storyC. the British loved the royal family very muchD. the British wanted to make the race different51. How many days were there in each month after the king improved the old calendar?A. 28, 29 or 31.B. 28, 30 or 31.C. 28, 29 or 30.D. 29, 30 or 31.D“T he world has never been a better place to live in” says science writer Matt Ridley, “and it will keep on getting better.” Read on to see how Ridley makes his case. Right or wrong? You decide.Compared with 50 years ago, when I was just four years old, people now make nearly three times as much money, eat one third more food and expect to live one third longer. In fact, it’s hard to find any areas of the world that’s worse off now than it was then, even though the world population has more thandoubled over that period.One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown much cheaper. Take one example: In 1800, a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s, the same light from a lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950, it was eight seconds. Today, it’s half a second. In these terms, we are 43,200 times better off than in1800.In the United States, rivers, lakes, seas and air are getting cleaner all the time. A car today produces less pollution traveling at full speed than a parked car did from leaks (泄漏) in 1970.Although the world population is growing, the rate (率) of increase has been falling for 50 years. Across the world, national birth rates are lower now than in 1960, and in the less developed world, the birth rate has almost halved. According to a research report from the United Nations, population will start falling once it reaches 9.2 billion in 2075. After all, there are already seven billion people on earth, and they are eating better and better.In 1970s, there were 550 billion barrels (桶) of oil reserves (储存) in the world, and in the 20 years that followed the world used up 600 billion. So by 1990, reserves should have been overused by 50 billion barrels. Instead, it is reported there are 900 billion today. They will last for many years and people will find something in place of oil long before they run out.The more we develop, the more we can develop. The more we invent, the more inventions become possible. For 200 years, pessimists (people who believe that terrible things will happen in future) have had all the headlines—even though optimists have far more often been right. There are some reasons for pessimists. No charity (慈善机构) ever raised money by saying things are getting better. No journalist ever got the front page writing a story about how terrible things won’t happen. Don’t be a pessimist—dare to be an optimist!52. Today, providing one hour’s light costs ______.A. 6 hours’ workB. 15 minutes’ workC. 8 seconds’ workD. 0.5 second’s work53. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?A. Things we used to need were much cheaper than they are today.B. The pollution today is much more serious than it was long ago.C. Population problem has nearly made the world stop developing.D. It’s not necessary to be worried about oil reserves in the world.54. What does the word “optimists” in the last paragraph mean?A. People who are brave enough to face anything terrible.B. People who can always tell good things from bad ones.C. People who have hopeful and happy feelings about life.D. People who don’t easily believe what they’re told about.55. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Never Give UpB. Cheer UpC. Don’t Be SadD. Think OutFTCLooking for an original way to raise money for charity? Has your school run out of clever and fun ideas? Don’t give up. There are several ways to support your favorite charity and enjoy yourselves at the same time.How about holding a bean bath competition? “How does this help?”you may ask yourselves. Well, it’s very simple really- you agree to sit in a bath full of bakedbeans, then for every minute you stay in it, people pay money! The longer you stayin the bath, the more money you collect for the charity your school has chosen!It’s extremely messy, but it’s good fun! Just a piece of advice, though. Let your parents know what you’re doing. Wear old clothes because they’re going to need washing after the competition!Here’s another idea that we used at my school: organize a car wash.Everybody who has a car sooner or later washes it or has it washed. So why don’tyou and your classmates do the job? The money the car owners pay for having theircars washed will go towards your charity. When we did it, we had an amazing time! At first, some of us were worried about getting wet or dirty and it’s true. But we also had fun, and at the end of the day it was really worth it!On the other hand, if you don’t feel like getting wet or messy, but have some musical talent, how about organizing a street concert? Street musicians can make alot of money and so can you if you’ve got the talent and courage it takes to play infront of an audience. You just need to find a suitable place (make sure you’re allowed to play music in that public place), practise for a few hours with your friends first, and give it a try!I hope all these ideas have helped you a bit, and if you’ve got any other great suggestions, we would love to hear them. We can publish them, so other people can use them, too. Good luck!48. Holding a bean bath competition, you would______.A. ask yourselves many questionsB. sit in a bath full of baked beansC. put on old clothes after the bathD. ask your parents to wash the clothes49. What did the writer think of the car wash?A. He thought they could have fun.B. He was upset about getting wet.C. He thought many students were too worried.D. He thought it was an easy way to collect money.50. From the passage we can know the writer is a ___________.A. parentB. studentC. driverD. singer51. The writer writes this passage to_____________.A. ask readers to do something funny for charityB. tell readers about charity events they can go toC. suggest fun ideas for people to raise money for charityD. show some ways for people to organize charity eventsDFor me, Facebook is about staying in touch with friends, whether thatmeans writing on someone’s‘wall’or sending them a private message. It’s auseful website for finding long-lost friends, arranging parties and sharingphotos. But that’s not all: Facebook is now being used by all kinds of peoplefor all kinds of reasons!Do you want to play computer games? Log on to Facebook. There are now thousands of entertaining games and puzzles to help you pass the time. Do you want to find cafés, cinemas and bowling alleys in your area? Log on to Facebook pages that you can join and ‘like’,which makes it very easy to search for fun things to do near you. I think it’s brilliant to have all the information that you want on just one website!People are now joining Facebook to make professional connections too, either with people who do the same kind of work, or with businesses that are looking for new people to work for them.It’s a pretty good idea since so many people use Facebook these days, especially young people!Even students log on to Facebook to look for summer or part-time jobs.And that’s not all! Now there are hundreds of pages about sports teams, TV programmes and pop stars to look at on Facebook. However, I believe the main reason most young people use Facebook is because it’s so easy to let the world know what you think about different things or people, whether it’s about a new film at the cinema or whether you prefer Rihanna with long or short hair. You can even write comments directly on other people’s Facebook pages including some stars’pages. But you have to be careful because giving your opinion online can be dangerous.We mustn’t forget that Facebook is meant to be fun and shouldn’t be used for saying bad things about people around us. I recently read a news article about a student who had to leave school because she made rude and unfair comments about a teacher on her Facebook wall. Several other school students have been in trouble for similar comments and opinions. In fact, it really annoys meIt’s true that Facebook is becoming more and more part of our daily lives for many different reasons, and it can be really helpful as well as being a lot of fun. But, as with all websites, we must be careful about how we use it.52. What does the writer think of the Facebook?A. It is easy for finding a long-lost friendB. It is dangerous for giving one’s opinionC. It is mainly used for business reasons these days.D. It is useful for finding entertainment information.53. Why does the writer think young people like Facebook so much?A. It’s a good place to read TV programmes reviews.B. They can have conversations about their interests.C. It’s the best place to find information about sports.D. They like having the chance to give their opinions.A. criticalB. privateC. unpleasantD. impolite55. What is the best title of the passage?A. The use of FacebookB. The information on FacebookC. The reasons of using Facebook。
2015高三语文顺义一模
一、本大题共 11 小题。共 29 分。 阅读下面文字，完成 1—11 题。 【材料一】《礼记·曲礼》说“男子二十冠而字”。取字原属贵族特权，后来成为知识阶层的
事。宋代还不准下层人取字。到明清时代，三教九流，五行八作，几乎无人无字。尽管也遭到士大 夫的抨击和嘲讽，但取字的习俗，仍然普及开来。
先秦时代，字是行冠礼时由选定的嘉宾给起，后世不举行冠礼了，字则改由师长或其他通文墨 的人给起，而且也不一定到成年才起，很可能是小名、大名和字一同起的。当然，也有成人之后才 请人起字的。 上古贵族女子，原本也起字。《礼记·曲礼》：“女子许嫁，笄而字。”是说女子成年许配人 家时，把垂发挽起来，用笄别住，并给她取字。这一礼制，秦汉后没能承袭。虽然上层妇女有的也 有名有字，但不一定“许嫁笄而字”。女性一般自幼至成年，只有一个小名（闺名）。不过，这一 礼制虽未推行开，却在汉语中留下许多成语，如说女子已有婆家，叫“已字”“已字人”；没找婆 家，称“待字闺中”“未字人”“未字”。
A.《礼记·曲礼上》说“男子二十冠而字”，意味着起字一定要到男子 20 岁。
B.“待字闺中”，是说女子尚未成年，还没有取字，同时也意味着没有婚配。
C.司马相如开始并不叫这个名字，因为他仰慕蔺相如，才改名相如，字长卿。
D.由于儒家典籍家喻户晓，老幼皆习，所以古代文人名字都取义于儒家经典。
6.宋代词人秦观，字少游，据【材料一】中“连类相及”方式，从他的字断定，“观”应该读
名字组合方式，不止上述八种，但常见而比较复杂的，大致如此。 （取材于吉常宏《中国人的名字别号》）
1.下列加点字在【材料一】中的读音，全都正确的一项是（2 分） 男子二十冠而字 五行八作uī
C.guān zuò bàn
D. guàn zuò guī
2015年北京房山初三一模英语试题及答案(word版)
2015年北京房山初三一模英语试题及答案（word版）北京市房山区2015年初中毕业会考试卷英语听力理解(共30分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的 A、B、C 三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。
每段对话你将听两遍。
( 共 5分,每小题 1 分)二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白的内容,从下面各题所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选择最佳选项。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
( 共 15分,每小题 1.5 分)请听一段对话,完成第 6至第 7小题。
6、Where is the man going?A.the Great WallB.Beijing Zoo.C.The Summer Palace7.How will the man go there?A.By bikeB.By carC.By bus请听一段对话,完成第 8至第 9小题。
8.What‘s wrong with the man?A.He has headache.B. He has a feverC. He has stomachache9.What does the doctor tell the man to do?A.To do some exerciseB.To take some medicineC.To have some vegetables请听一段对话,完成第 10至第 11小题。
10.What will the boy give his mother on her birthday?A.A cakeB.A cardC.A clock11.Who is going to cook for Mum?A.JackB.MaryC.Dad请听一段对话,完成第 12至第 13小题。
12、What does NOT the woman mention in the talk?A.Interests in ChinaB.History of ChinaC.The air of China请听一段对话,完成第 14至第 15小题。
【VIP专享】2015年北京市门头沟区初三数学一模试卷及答案
A．13.1×106
B．1.31×107
3．在五张完全相同的卡片上，分别写有数字 0，－1，－2，1，3，现从中随机抽取一张，
抽到写有负数的卡片的概率是
1 A．
5
4．在下面四个几何体中，俯视图是三角形的是
A．①
①
4 B．
5
B．②
②
5．已知反比例函数的表达式为 y k 1 ，它的图象在各自象限内具有 y 随 x 增大而减小 x
5．考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。
一、选择题（本题共 30 分，每小题 3 分）
下列各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个是符合题意的．
1．－5 的倒数是
A．5
1 B．
5
2．2014 年 3 月 5 日，李克强总理在政府工作报告中指出：2013 年全国城镇新增就业人
数约 13 100 000 人，创历史新高．将数字 13 100 000 用科学记数法表示为
门头沟区 2014~2015 学年度初三一模试卷
数
1．本试卷共 8 页，共五道大题，29 道小题，满分 120 分，考试时间 120 分钟； 考 2．在试卷和答题卡的密封线内准确填写学校名称、班级和姓名； 生 3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效； 须 4．在答题卡上，选择题、作图题用 2B 铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答； 知
C．－5
C．1.31×108
3 C．
5
C．③
③
C．k＞0
学
D． 1 5
D．0.131×108
2 D．
5
D． ④
D．k＜0
④
6．如图，直线 AB∥CD，BE 平分∠ABC，交 CD 于 D，
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2015房山一模CD篇、2015门头沟一模CD篇、2015顺义一模CD篇
生词整理
2015房山一模C篇P60
1.brook
2.pave
3.occupation
4.iron
5.ancestors
6.neighbor
7.add
8.descendant
9.ancestor
10.s urname
2015房山一模D篇P61
11.w ondered
12.r easons
13.s imple
14.i mage
15.o bject
16.r ecords
17.s imilarly
18.a ngles
19.j udge
20.a djust
21.h unting
22.f ield
23.d egree
24.t iny
25.e yesight
26.s uggest
27.p roperly
28.b e similar to
29.p rotect
30.t reasure
2015门头沟一模C篇P66
31.c ertainly
32.b elieve in
33.f ailures
34.i mportance of failure
35.p roving
36.f irst-time
37.c ompare
38.k nife
39.w ound
40.b urn scar
41.r isk
42.i n order to
43.p erfectionist
44.r emind her of
2015门头沟一模D篇P67
45.r equire
46.p repare
47.b asically
48.o ver and over again
49.p eriod
50.i nstead
51.e xpress
52.i nvolves two skills
53.f orming the letters
54.f luency
55.d evelop up
56.m asters
57.c ommonly report
58.o ne fourth
59.n ot … any more
60.v oice recognition programs
61.p rocessing
62.s eldom / hardly
63.e ssay / article / paper
64.r ather than
65.i nclude
66.r epeat
67.u nexpected
68.u nreadable
2015顺义一模C篇P72
69.d escription
70.p hotograph
71.t he latest news
72.p hotography
73.i nvention
74.i llustrations
75.e xplain
76.s ort
77.e xact size and weight
78.s o on
79.o ver
80.f eature film
81.r equires
82.i magination
83.a s well
84.r eport
85.e xplain
86.c ontain
87.a rticle
88.d ifferent subjects
89.h uman beings
90.s ecret
91.g et the reading habit
92.a t least
2015顺义一模D篇P73
93.t reatment
94.r ange
95.m ental
96.p hysical
97.d iseases
98.s erious scientific subject
99.f igure out
100.social
101.basically
102.pattern
103.brain
104.produces
municating ugh at
107.surprisingly
108.percent
109.result
110.making a joke 111.social responses 112.deaf
113.single
114.sense
115.interactions
116.tickle
117.chimp
118.pretend
119.professor
120.rats
121.turns out
122.biomedical
123.engineering
124.professor
125.chemical
126.acts
127.antidepressant
128.chemical target 129.drugs
130.proved
131.experts 132.mood 133.benefit 134.direct 135.separate 136.from
2015门头沟一模从句
I was saying something that is not true. What I actually wish for her is failure.
I believe in the importance of failure.
Success is boring. Success is proving that you can do something that you already know you can do, or do something correctly the first time, which can often be a problem for the future.
But I will also, I hope, remind her of what she learned, and how she can do whatever it is better next time. I probably won’t tell her that failure is a good thing, because that’s not a lesson you can learn when you’re five. I hope I can tell her, though, that it’s not the end of the world. Indeed, with luck, it is t he beginning.。