Pretreatment
pretreatment翻译
pretreatment翻译pretreatment的翻译是：预处理。
用法：pretreatment是一个名词，用于描述对某物进行预先处理的过程。
在科学、工业和医学领域，pretreatment常用于指代在实验、生产或治疗之前对样品、原料或病情进行预先处理的步骤。
预处理的目的可以是去除杂质、减少干扰、改善反应效果、提高效率等。
例句：1. The pretreatment of the soil sample involves removing debris and contaminants.土壤样品的预处理包括清除杂物和污染物。
2. For this experiment, the pretreatment of the testtubes includes sterilization and rinsing.在这个实验中，试管的预处理包括消毒和冲洗。
3. The pretreatment of the wastewater before treatmentwith a chemical agent is essential for optimal results.在用化学剂处理废水之前的预处理对于获得最佳结果至关重要。
4. Pretreatment of the raw material is necessary to ensure the quality of the final product.对原料进行预处理是为了确保最终产品的质量。
5. The pretreatment of the patient's condition involves conducting diagnostic tests and assessing medical history.对患者病情的预处理包括进行诊断检查和评估病史。
6. The pretreatment of the fabric involves washing and drying to remove any impurities.对面料的预处理包括清洗和烘干以去除任何杂质。
纯水的预处理Pretreatmentforultrapurewater
➢加入氧化剂使其水中的铁锰低价可溶离子
转变成高价不溶性离子，用锰砂进行催 化．(暴气，高锰酸钾，氯法等） Remark:<5ppm for aeration treatment
➢用活性炭直接对铁锰离子进行吸附处理.
对于细菌的处理 Treatment for bacteria
• 紫外杀菌 Ultra-violet radiation • 氯 Dissociated Chloride • 二氧化氯 Chloride dioxide • 双氧水 hydrogen peroxid
交换硬度的树脂是用Na型的阳离子交换树 脂，水中的Ca，Mg离子与树脂中的Na离子 进行交换，使Na脱离，而Ca,Mg离子被树脂 原有的结合Na的阴基团吸附，换而言之， 就是发生置换反应．
反应方程式：
2R-Na+Ca2+
2R-Ca+2Na+
How to calculate? 如何计算？
• 多介质过滤的计算
• 形成胶体的原因：胶核， 胶体粒子，胶团。 • 胶体的结构：扩展双电层理论(Stern).
• 胶体稳定原因：带电、溶剂化作用和布朗运动。 (DLVO)
• 破坏胶体稳定：减少粒子势能壁垒，降低布朗运动， 脱去水化层。
2.混凝的方法： Methods for coagulation
✓加入高价的反离子电解质,破坏能垒。(对于
到抑制泡沫的作用的．
➢ 硬度计算方式：硬度已水中含有的总钙镁离子为
计算值，并换算成CaO或者CaCO3
➢ 硬度的单位： a) 国际单位(mg/l) b) 德国度 c) 法国度 d) grain/US gallon e) meq/L
硬度的分类 Hardness type
PCB工艺术语
* Process Module 说明:A. 下料( Cut Lamination)a-1 裁板( Sheets Cutting)a-2 原物料发料(Panel)(Shear material to Size) B. 钻孔(Drilling)b-1 内钻(Inner Layer Drilling )b-2 一次孔(Outer Layer Drilling )b-3 二次孔(2nd Drilling)b-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Drilling )(Laser Ablation )b-5 盲(埋)孔钻孔(Blind & Buried Hole Drilling) C. 乾膜制程( Photo Process(D/F))c-1 前处理(Pretreatment)c-2 压膜(Dry Film Lamination)c-3 曝光(Exposure)c-4 显影(Developing)c-5 蚀铜(Etching)c-6 去膜(Stripping)c-7 初检( Touch-up)c-8 化学前处理,化学研磨( Chemical Milling )c-9 选择性浸金压膜(Selective Gold Dry Film Lamination)c-10 显影(Developing )c-11 去膜(Stripping )D. 压合Laminationd-1 黑化(Black Oxide Treatment)d-2 微蚀(Microetching)d-3 铆钉组合(eyelet )d-4 叠板(Lay up)d-5 压合(Lamination)d-6 后处理(Post Treatment)d-7 黑氧化( Black Oxide Removal )d-8 铣靶(spot face)d-9 去溢胶(resin flush removal)E. 减铜(Copper Reduction)e-1 薄化铜(Copper Reduction)F. 电镀(Horizontal Electrolytic Plating)f-1 水平电镀(Horizontal Electro-Plating) (Panel Plating) f-2 锡铅电镀( Tin-Lead Plating ) (Pattern Plating)f-3 低於1 mil ( Less than 1 mil Thickness )f-4 高於1 mil ( More than 1 mil Thickness)f-5 砂带研磨(Belt Sanding)f-6 剥锡铅( Tin-Lead Stripping)f-7 微切片( Microsection)G. 塞孔(Plug Hole)g-1 印刷( Ink Print )g-2 预烤(Precure)g-3 表面刷磨(Scrub)g-4 后烘烤(Postcure)H. 防焊(绿漆): (Solder Mask)h-1 C面印刷(Printing Top Side)h-2 S面印刷(Printing Bottom Side)h-3 静电喷涂(Spray Coating)h-4 前处理(Pretreatment)h-5 预烤(Precure)h-6 曝光(Exposure)h-7 显影(Develop)h-8 后烘烤(Postcure)h-9 UV烘烤(UV Cure)h-10 文字印刷( Printing of Legend )h-11 喷砂( Pumice)(Wet Blasting)h-12 印可剥离防焊(Peelable Solder Mask)I . 镀金Gold platingi-1 金手指镀镍金( Gold Finger )i-2 电镀软金(Soft Ni/Au Plating)i-3 浸镍金( Immersion Ni/Au) (Electroless Ni/Au) J. 喷锡(Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-1 水平喷锡(Horizontal Hot Air Solder Leveling) j-2 垂直喷锡( Vertical Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-3 超级焊锡(Super Solder )j-4. 印焊锡突点(Solder Bump)K. 成型(Profile)(Form)k-1 捞型(N/C Routing ) (Milling)k-2 模具冲(Punch)k-3 板面清洗烘烤(Cleaning & Backing)k-4 V型槽( V-Cut)(V-Scoring)k-5 金手指斜边( Beveling of G/F)L. 短断路测试(Electrical Testing) (Continuity & Insulation Testing) l-1 AOI 光学检查( AOI Inspection)l-2 VRS 目检(Verified & Repaired)l-3 泛用型治具测试(Universal Tester)l-4 专用治具测试(Dedicated Tester)l-5 飞针测试(Flying Probe)M. 终检( Final Visual Inspection)m-1 压板翘( Warpage Remove)m-2 X-OUT 印刷(X-Out Marking)m-3 包装及出货(Packing & shipping)Abietic Acid松脂酸.Abrasion Resistance耐磨性.Abrasives磨料,刷材.ABS树脂.Absorption吸收(入).Ac Impedance交流阻抗.Accelerated Test(Aging)加速老化(试验). 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Emulsion乳化.Emulsion Side药膜面.Encapsulating胶囊.Encroachment沾污,侵犯.End Tap封头.Entek有机护铜处理.Entrapment夹杂物.Entry Material盖板.Epoxy Resin环氧树脂.Etch Factor蚀刻因子.Etchant蚀刻剂(液).Etchback回蚀.Etching Indicator蚀刻指针.Etching Resist蚀刻阻剂.Eutetic Composition共融组成.Exotherm放热(曲线).Exposure曝光.Eyelet铆眼.*****F*****Fabric纲布.Face Bonding反面朝下结合.Failure故障.Fan Out Wiring/Fan In Wiring扇出布线/扇入布线. Farad 法拉.Farady法拉第.Fatigue Strength抗疲劳强度.Fault缺陷.Fault Plane断层面.Feed Through Hole导通孔.Feeder 进料器.Fiber Exposure玻纤显露.Fiducial Mark基准记号.Filament纤丝.Fill纬向.Filler填充料.Fillet内圆填角.Film底片.Film Adhesive接着膜,粘合膜.Filter过滤器.Fine Line细线.Fine Pitch密脚距,密线距,密垫距.Fineness粒度, 纯度.Finger手指.Finishing终修(饰).Finite Element Method有限要素分析法.First Article首产品.First Pass-Yield初检良品率.Fixture夹具.Flair刃角变形.Flame Point自燃点.Flame Resistant耐燃性.Flammability Rate燃性等级.Flare扇形崩口.Flash Plating闪镀.Flashover闪络.Flat Cable扁平排线.Flat Pack扁平封装(之零件).Flatness平坦度.Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC)软板.Flexural Failure挠曲损坏.Flexural Module弯曲模数, 抗挠性模数 . Flexural Strength抗挠强度.Flip Chip覆晶,扣晶.Flocculation絮凝.Flood Stroke Print覆墨冲程印刷.Flow Soldering (Wave Soldering)流焊. Fluorescence荧光.Flurocarbon Resin碳氟树脂.Flush Conductor嵌入式线路, 贴平式导体. Flush Point闪火点.Flute退屑槽.Flux助焊剂.Foil Burr铜箔毛边.Foil Lamination铜箔压板法.Foot残足(干膜残余物).Foot Print (Land Pattern)脚垫.Foreign Material 外来物,异物.Form-to-List布线说明清单.Four Point Twisting四点扭曲法.Free Radical自由基.Freeboard干舷.Frequency频率.Frit 玻璃熔料.Fully-Additive Process全加成法.Fungus Resistance抗霉性.Fused Coating熔锡层.Fusing熔合.Fusing Fluid助熔液.*****G*****G-10由连续玻纤所织成的玻纤布与环氧树脂粘结剂所复合成的材料.Gage, Gauge量规.Gallium Arsenide (GaAs)砷化镓.Galvanic Corrosion贾凡尼式腐蚀(电解式腐蚀).Galvanic Series贾凡尼次序(电动次序).Galvanizing镀锌.GAP第一面分离,长刃断开.Gate Array闸列,闸极数组.Gel Time胶化时间.Gelation Particle胶凝点.Gerber Data ,Gerber File格博档案(是美商Gerber公司专为PCB面线路图形与孔位,所发展一系列完整的软件档案).Ghost Image阴影.Gilding镀金(现为:Glod Plating).Glass Fiber玻纤.Glass Fiber Protrusion/Gouging, Groove玻纤突出/挖破.Glass Transition Temperature, Tg玻璃态转化温度.Glaze釉面,釉料.Glob Top圆顶封装体.Glouble Test球状测试法.Glycol (Ethylene Glycol)乙二醇.Golden Board测试用标准板.Grain Size结晶粒度.Grass Leak 大漏.Grid标准格.Ground Plane /Earth Plane接地层.Ground Plane Clearance接地空环.Guide Pin导针.Gull /Wing Lead鸥翼引脚.*****H*****Halation环晕.Half Angle半角.Halide卤化物.Haloing白圈,白边.Halon海龙,是CFC"氟碳化物"的一种商品名.Hard Anodizing硬阳极化.Hard Chrome Plating镀硬铬.Hard Soldering硬焊.Hardener (Curing Agent)硬化剂(或Curing Agent).Hardness硬度.Haring-Blum Cell海固槽.Harness电缆组合.Hay Wire跳线.Heat Cleaning烧洁.Heat Dissipation散热.Heat Distortion Point (Temp)热变形点(温度).Heat Sealing热封.Heat Sink Plane散热层.Heat Transfer Paste导热膏.Heatsink Tool散热工具.Hertz(Hz)赫.High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter (HEPA)高效空气尘粒过泸机. Hipot Test 高压电测.Hi-Rel高度靠度.Hit 击(钻孔时钻针每一次"刺下"的动作).Holding Time停置时间.Hole Breakout孔位破出.Hole Counter数孔机.Hole Density孔数密度.Hole Preparation通孔准备.Hole Pull Strength孔壁强度.Hole Void破洞.Hook 切削刀缘外凸.Hot Air Levelling喷锡.Hot Bar Soldering热把焊接.Hot Gas Soldering热风手焊.HTE(High Temperature Elongation)高温延伸性.Hull Cell哈氏槽.Hybrid Integrated Circuit混成电路.Hydraulic Bulge Test液压鼓起试验.Hydrogen Embrittlement氢脆.Hydrogen Overvoltage氢过(超)电压. Hydrolysis水解.Hydrophilic亲水性.Hygroscopic吸湿性.Hypersorption超吸咐.*****I*****I.C. Socket绩体电路器插座.Icicle锡尖.Illuminance照度.Image Transfer影像转移.Immersion Plating浸镀.Impedance阻抗.Impedance Match阻抗匹配.Impregnate含浸.In-Circuit Testing组装板电测.Inclusion异物,夹杂物.Indexing Hole基准孔.Inductance(L)电感.Infrared(IR)红外线.Input/Output输入/输出.Insert, Insertion插接.Inspection Overlay套检底片.Insulation Resistance绝缘电阻. Integrated Circuit(IC)绩体电路器.Inter Face接口.Interconnection互连.Intermetallic Compound (IMC)接口共化物. Internal Stress内应力.Interposer互边导电物.Interstitial Via-Hole(IVH)局部层间导通孔. Invar殷钢(63.8%Fe,36%Ni,0.2%C).Ion Cleanliness离子清洁度.Ion Exchange Resins离子交换树脂.Ion Migration离子迁移.Ionizable (Ionic) Contaimination离子性污染. Ionization游离,电离.Ionization Voltage (Corona Level)电离化电压(电缆内部狭缝空气中,引起其电离所施加之最小电压).IPC美国印刷电路板协会.Isolation隔离性,隔绝性.*****J*****JEDEC(Joint Electronic Device 联合电子组件工程委员会. Engineering Council)J-LeadJ型接脚.Job Shop专业工厂.Joule焦耳.Jumper Wire跳线.Junction接(合)面,接头.Just-In-Time(JIT)适时供应,及时出现.*****K*****Kapton聚亚醯胺软板.Karat克拉(1克拉(钻石)=0.2g 纯金则24k金为100%的钝金.Kauri-Butanol Value考立丁醇值(简称K.B.值).Kerf.切形,裁剪.Kevlar聚醯胺纤维.Key电键Key Board键盘.Kiss Pressure吻压, 低压.Knoop Hardness努普硬度.Known Good Die(KGD)已知之良好芯片.Kovar科伐合金(Fe53%,Ni29%,Co17%).Kraft Paper牛皮纸.*****L*****Lamda Wave延伸平波.Laminar Flow平流.Laminar Structure片状结构.Laminate Void板材空洞.Laminate(s)基板.Lamination Void压合空洞.Laminator压膜机.Land孔环焊垫,表面焊垫.Landless Hole无环通孔.Laser Direct Imaging (LDI)雷射直接成像.Laser Maching雷射加工法.Laser Photogenerator(LPG), Laser Photoplotter雷射曝光机. Laser Soldering雷射焊接法.Lay Back 刃角磨损.Lay Out布线,布局.Lay Up 叠合.Layer to Layer Spacing层间距离Leaching焊散漂出,熔出.Lead 引脚.Lead Frame脚架.Lead Pitch脚距.Leakage Current漏电电流.Legend文字标记.Leveling整平.Lifted Land孔环(焊垫)浮起.Ligand错离子附属体.Light Emitting Diodes (LED)发光二极管.Light Integrator光能累积器.Light Intensity光强度.Limiting Current Density极限电流密度.Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)液晶显示器.Liquid Dielectrics液态介质.Liquid Photoimagible Solder Mask, (LPSM)液态感光防焊绿漆. Local Area Network区域性网络.Logic 逻辑.Logic Circuit 逻辑电路.Loss Factor损失因素.Loss Tangent (TanδDK)损失正切.Lot Size批量.Luminance发光强度.Lyophilic亲水性胶体.*****M*****Macro-Throwing Power巨观分布力.Major Defect主要(严重)缺点.Major Weave Direction主要织向.Margin刃带(钻头尖部).Marking标记.Mask阻剂.Mass Finishing大量整面(拋光).Mass Lamination大型压板.Mass Transport质量输送.Master Drawing主图.Mat席(用于CEM-3(Composite Epoxy Material)的复合材料.)Matte Side毛面(电镀铜皮(ED Foil)之粗糙面). Mealing泡点.Mean Time To Failure (MTTF)故障前可用之平均时数. Measling白点.Mechanical Stretcher机械式张网机.Mechanical Warp机械式缠绕.Mechanism机理.Membrane Switch薄膜开关.Meniscograph Test弧面状沾锡试验.Meniscus弯月面.Mercury Vaper Lamp汞气灯.Mesh Count纲目数.Metal Halide Lamp 金属卤素灯.Metallization金属化.Metallized Fabric金属化纲布.Micelle微胞.Micro Wire Board微封线板.Micro-electronios微电子.Microetching微蚀.Microsectioning微切片法.Microstrip 微条.Microstrip Line微条线,微带线.Microthrowing Power微分布力.Microwave微波.Migration迁移.Migration Rate迁移率.Mil英丝.Minimum Annular Ring孔环下限.Minimum Electrical Spacing电性间距下限.Minor Weave Direction次要织向.Misregistration 对不准度.Mixed Componmt Mounting Technology混合零件之组装技术. Modem调变及解调器.Modification修改.Module模块.Modulus of Elasticity弹性系数.Moisture and Insulation Resistance Test湿气与绝缘电阻试验. Mold Release 脱模剂,离型剂.Mole摩尔.Monofilament单丝.Mother Board主机板,母板.Moulded Circuit模造立体电路机.Mounting Hole安装孔.Mounting Hole组装孔,机装孔.Mouse Bite鼠齿(蚀刻后线路边缘出现不规则缺口).Multi-Chip-Module(MCM)多芯片芯片模块.Multiwiring Board (or Discrete Wiring Board)复线板.*****N*****N.C.数值控制.Nail Head钉头.Near IR近红外线.Negative负片,钻尖的第一面外缘变窄.Negative Etch-back反回蚀.Negative Stencil负性感光膜.Negative-Acting Resist负性作用之阻剂.Network纲状元件.Newton牛顿.Newton Ring 牛顿环.Newtonian Liquid牛顿流体.Nick缺口.N-Methyl Pyrrolidine (NMP)N-甲基四氢哔咯.Noble Metal Paste贵金属印膏.Node节点.Nodule节瘤.Nomencleature标示文字符号.Nominal Cured Thickness标示厚度.Non-Circular Land非圆形孔环焊垫.Non-flammable非燃性.Non-wetting不沾锡.Normal Concentration (Strength)标准浓度,当量浓度. Normal Distribution常态分布.Novolac酯醛树脂.Nucleation , Nucleating核化.Numerical Control数值控制.Nylon尼龙.*****O*****Occlusion吸藏.Off-Contact架空.Offset第一面大小不均.OFHC(Oxyen Free High Conductivity)无氧高导电铜. Ohm欧姆.Oilcanning盖板弹动.OLB(Outer Lead Bond)外引脚结合.Oligomer寡聚物.Omega Meter离子污染检测仪.Omega Wave振荡波.On-Contact Printing密贴式印刷.Opaquer不透明剂,遮光剂.Open Circuits断线.Optical Comparater光学对比器(光学放大器.) Optical Density光密度.Optical Inspection光学检验.Optical Instrument光学仪器.Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP)有机保焊剂. Osmosis渗透.Outgassing出气,吹气.Outgrowth悬出,横出,侧出.Output产出,输出.Overflow溢流.Overhang总悬空.Overlap 钻尖点分离.Overpotantial(Over voltage)过电位,过电压. Oxidation氧化.Oxygen Inhibitor氧化抑制剂.Ozone Depletion臭氧层耗损.*****P*****Packaging封装,构装.Pad焊垫,圆垫.Pad Master圆垫底片.Pads Only Board唯垫板.Palladium钯.Panel制程板.Panel Plating全板镀铜.Panel Process全板电镀法.Paper Phenolic纸质酚醛树脂(板材).Parting Agent脱膜剂.Passivation钝化,钝化外理.Passive Device (Component)被动组件(零件)Paste膏,糊.Pattern板面图形.Pattern Plating线路电镀.Pattern Process线路电镀法.Peak Voltage峰值电压.Peel Strength抗撕强度.Periodic Reverse (PR) Current周期性反电流.Peripheral周边附属设备.Permeability透气性,导磁率.Permittivity诱电率,透电率.pH Value酸碱值.Phase相.Phase Diagram相图.Phenolic酚醛树脂.Photofugitive感光褪色.Photographic film感光成像之底片.Photoinitiator感光启始剂.Photomask光罩.Photoplotter, Plotter光学绘图机.Photoresist光阻.Photoresist Chemical Machinning (Milling)光阻式化学(铣刻)加工. Phototool底片.Pick and Place拾取与放置. Piezoelectric压电性.Pin 插脚,插梢,插针.Pin Grid Array (PGA)矩阵式针脚对装. Pinhole针孔.Pink Ring粉红圈.Pitch跨距,脚距,垫距,线距.Pits凹点.Plain Weave平织.Plasma电浆.Plasticizers可塑剂,增塑剂.Plated Through Hole镀通孔.Platen热盘.Plating镀.Plotting标绘.Plowing犁沟.Plug插脚,塞柱.Ply层,股.Pneumatic Stretcher气动拉伸器. Pogo Pin伸缩探针.Point 钻尖.Point Angle钻尖面.Point Source Light点状光源.Poise泊."粘滞度"单位=1dyne*sec/cm2. Polar Solvent极性溶剂.Polarity电极性.Polarization分极,极化.Polarizing Slot偏槽.Polyester Films聚酯类薄片.Polymer Thick Film (PTF)厚膜糊. Polymerization聚合.Polymide(PI)聚亚醯胺.Popcorn Effect爆米花效应. Porcelain瓷材,瓷面.Porosity Test疏孔度试验.Positive Acting Resist正性光阻剂. Post Cure后续硬化,后烤.Post Separation后期分离,事后公离.Pot Life运用期,锅中寿命.Potting铸封,模封.Power Supply电源供应器.Preform 预制品.Preheat预热.Prepreg胶片,树脂片.Press Plate钢板.Press-Fit Contact挤入式接触.Pressure Foot 压力脚.Pre-tinning预先沾锡.Primary Image线路成像.Print Through压透,过度挤压..Probe探针.Process Camera制程用照像机.Process Window操作范围.Production Master生产底片.Profile轮廓,部面图,升温曲线图棱线.Propagation传播.Propagation Delay传播延迟.Puddle Effect水坑效应.Pull Away拉离.Pulse Plating脉冲电镀法.Pumice Powder 浮石粉.Punch冲切.Purge, Purging净空,净洗.Purple Plague紫疫(金与铝的共化物层).Pyrolysis热裂解,高温分解.*****Q*****Quad Flat Pack (QFP)方扁形封装体.Qualification Agency资格认证机构.Qualification Inspection资格检验.Qualified Products List合格产品(供应者)名单.Qualitative Analysis定性分析.Quality Conformance Test Circuitry (Coupon)品质符合之试验线路(样板). Quantitative Analysis定量分析.Quench 淬火,骤冷.Quick Disconnect快速接头.Quill纬纱绕轴.*****R*****Rack 挂架.Radial Lead放射状引脚.Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)射频干扰. Rake Angle抠角,耙角.Rated Temperature, Voltage额定温度,额定电压. Reactance电抗.Real Estate底材面,基板面.Real Time System 实时系统.Reclaiming再生,再制.Rediometer辐射计,光度计.Reel to Reel卷轮(盘)式操作.Reference Dimension参考尺度.Reference Edge参考边缘.Reflection反射.Reflow Soldering重熔焊接,熔焊.Refraction折射.Refractive Index折射率.Register Mark对准用标记.Registration对准度.Reinforcement补强物.Rejection剔退,拒收.Relamination(Re-Lam)多层板压合. Relaxation松弛.缓和.Relay继电器.Release Agent, Release Sheets脱模剂,离模剂. Reliability可靠度,可信度.Relief Angle浮角.Repair修理.Resin Coated Copper Foil背胶铜箔.Resin Content胶含量,树脂含量.Resin Flow胶流量,树脂流量.Resin Recession树脂下陷.Resin Rich Area 多胶区,树脂丰富区.Resin Smear胶(糊)渣.Resin Starve Area缺胶区,树脂缺乏区.Resist阻膜,阻剂.Resistivity电阻系数,电阻率.Resistor电阻器,电阻.Resistor Drift电阻漂移.Resistor Paste电阻印膏.Resolution解像,解像度,分辨率.Resolving Power解析(像)力,分辨力.Reverse Current Cleaning反电流(电解)清洗. Reverse Etchback反回蚀.Reverse Image负片影像(阻剂).Reverse Osmosis (RO)反(逆渗透).Reversion反转,还原.Revision修正版.改订版.Rework(ing)重工,再加工.Rhology流变学,流变性质.Ribbon Cable圆线缆带.Rigid-Flex Printed Board硬软合板.Ring 套环.Rinsing水洗,冲洗.Ripple纹波(指整流器所输出电流中不稳定成分). Rise Time上升时间.Roadmap 线路与零件之布局图.Robber辅助阴极.Roller Coating辊轮涂布.Roller Coating滚动涂布法.Roller Cutter辊切机.Roller Tinning辊锡法,滚锡法.Rosin松香.Rotary Dip Test摆动沾锡试验.Routing切外型.Runout偏转,累绩距差.Rupture迸裂.*****S*****Sacrificial Protection牺牲性保护层.Salt Spray Test盐雾试验.Sand Blast喷砂.Saponification皂化作用.Saponifier皂化剂.Satin Finish缎面处理.Scaled Flow Test比例流量实验. Schemetic Diagram电路概略图. ScoringV型刻槽.Scratch刮痕.Screen Printing纲版印刷. Screenability纲印能力.Scrubber磨刷机,磨刷器.Scum透明残膜.Sealing封孔.Secondary Side第二面 .Seeding下种.Selective Plating选择性电镀.Self-Extinguishing自熄性.Selvage布边.Semi-Additive Process半加成制程. Semi-Conductor半导体.Sensitizing敏化.Separable Component Part可分离式零件. Separator Plate隔板, 钢板. Sequential Lamination接续性压合法. Sequestering Agent螯合剂. Shadowing阴影,回蚀死角.Shank钻针柄部.Shear Strength 抗剪强度.Shelf Life储龄.Shield遮蔽.Shore Hardness萧氏硬度.Short短路.Shoulder Angle肩斜角.Shunt分路.Side Wall侧壁.Siemens电阻值.Sigma (Standard Deviation)标准差. Signal讯号.Silane硅烷.Silica Gel硅胶砂.Silicon硅.Silicone硅铜.Silk Screen纲版印刷,丝纲印刷.Silver Migration银迁移.Silver Paste 银膏.Single-In-Line Package(SIP)单边插脚封装体.Sintering烧结.Sizing上胶,上浆.Sizing上浆处理.Skin Effect集肤效应(高频下,电流在传递时多集中在导体表面,使得道线内部通过电流甚少, 造成内部导体浪费,并也使得表面导体部分电阻升高.Skip Printing, Skip Plating漏印,漏镀.Skip Solder 缺锡, 漏焊.Slashing浆经.Sleeve Jint套接.Sliver边丝,边余.Slot, Slotting槽口.Sludge于泥.Slump塌散.Slurry稠浆,悬浮浆.Small Hole小孔.Smear胶渣.Smudging锡点沾污.Snap-off弹回高度.Socket插座.Soft Contact轻触.Soft Glass 软质玻璃(铅玻璃).Solder焊锡.Solder Ball锡球.Solder Bridging锡桥.Solder Bump 焊锡凸块.Solder Column Package锡柱脚封装法.Solder Connection焊接.Solder Cost焊锡着层.Solder Dam锡堤.Solder Fillet填锡.Solder Levelling喷锡,热风整平.Solder Masking(S/M)防焊膜绿漆.Solder Paste锡膏.Solder Plug锡塞(柱).Solder Preforms预焊料.Solder Projection焊锡突点.Solder Sag 焊锡垂流物.Solder Side焊锡面.Solder Spatter溅锡.Solder Splash贱锡.Solder Spread Test散锡试验.Solder Webbing锡纲.Solder Webbing锡纲.Solder Wicking渗锡,焊锡之灯芯效应. Solderability可焊性.Soldering软焊,焊接.Soldering Fluid, Soldering Oil助焊液,护焊油. Solid Content固体含量,固形分.Solidus Line固相线.Spacing间距.Span跨距.Spark Over闪络.Specific Heat 比热.Specification (Spec)规范,规格.Specimen样品,试样. Spectrophotometry分光光度计检测法. Spindle主轴,钻轴.Spinning Coating自转涂布.Splay斜钻孔.Spray Coating喷着涂装.Spur底片图形边缘突出.Sputtering溅射.Squeege刮刀.Stagger Grid蹒跚格点.Stalagometer滴管式表面张力计.Stand-off Terminals直立型端子.Starvation缺胶.Static Eliminator静电消除器.Steel Rule Die(钢)刀模.Stencil版膜.Step and Repeat逐次重复曝光.Step Plating梯阶式镀层.Step Tablet阶段式曝光表.Stiffener补强条(板).Stop Off防镀膜, 阻剂.Strain变形,应变.Strand绞(指由许多股单丝集束并旋扭而成的丝束).Stray Current迷走电流, 散杂电流(在电镀槽系统中,其直流电由整流器所提供,应在阳极板与被镀件之间的汇电杆与槽体液体中流通,但有时少部分电流也可能会从槽体本身或加热器上迷走,漏失).Stress Corrosion应力腐蚀.Stress Relief消除应力.Strike预镀.Stringing拖尾.Stripline条线.Stripper剥除液(器).Substractive Process减成法.Substrate底材.Supper Solder超级焊锡.Supported Hole(金属)支助通孔.Surface Energy表面能.Surface Insulation Resistance表面绝缘电阻.Surface Mount Device 表面粘装组件.Surface Mounting Technology (SMT)表面粘装技术. Surface Resistiv ity表面电阻率.Surface Speed钻针表面速度.Surface Tension表面张力.Surfactant表面润湿剂.Surge突流,突压.Swaged Lead压扁式引脚.Swelling Agents, Sweller膨松剂.Swimming 线路滑离.Synthetic Resin合成树脂.*****T*****Tab接点,金手指.Taber Abraser泰伯磨试器.Tackiness粘着性, 粘手性.Tape Automatic Bonding (TAB)卷带自动结合. Tape Casting 带状铸材.Tape Test撕胶带试验.Tape Up Master原始手贴片.Taped Components卷带式连载组件.Taper Pin Gauge锥状孔规.Tarnish污化.Tarnish 污化, 污着.Teflon铁氟龙(聚4氟乙烯).Telegraphing浮印,隐印.Temperature Profile温度曲线.Template模板.Tensile Strength抗拉强度.Tensiomenter张力计.Tenting盖孔法.Terminal端子.Terminal Clearance端子空环.Tetra-Etch氟树脂蚀粗剂.Tetrafunctional Resin四功能树脂.Thermal Coefficient of Expansion (TCE)热膨胀系数. Thermal Conductivity导热率.Thermal Cycling热循环,热震荡.Thermal Mismstch感热失谐.Thermal Relief散热式镂空.Thermal Via导热孔.Thermal Zone感热区.Thermocompression Bonding热压结合. Thermocouple热电偶.Thermode发热体.Thermode Soldering热模焊接法. Thermogravimetric Analysis, (TGA)热重分析法.Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)热机分析法. Thermoplastic热塑性.Thermosetting热固性.Thermosonic Bonding热超音波结合.Thermount聚醯胺短纤席材.Thermo-Via导热孔.Thick Film Circuit厚膜电路.Thief辅助阳极.Thin Copper Foil薄铜箔.Thin Core薄基板.Thin Film Technology薄膜技术.Thin Small Outline Package(TSOP)薄小型绩体电路器. Thinner调薄剂.Thixotropy抗垂流性,摇变性.Three Point Bending三点压弯试验.Three-Layer Carrier三层式载体.Threshold Limit Value (TLV)极限值.Through Hole Mounting通孔插装.Through Put物流量,物料通过量.Throwing Power分布力.Tie Bar分流条.Tin Drift锡量漂飘失.Tin Immersion浸镀锡.Tin Pest锡疫(常见白色金属锡为"β锡",当温度低于13.2℃时则β锡将逐渐转变成粉末状灰色"α锡"称为"锡疫".Tin Whishers锡须.Tinning热沾焊锡.Tolerance公差.Tombstoning墓碑效应.Tooling Feature工具标示物.Topography表面地形.Torsion Strength抗扭强度.Touch Up触修,简修.Trace 线路,导线.Traceability追溯性,可溯性.Transducer转能器.Transfer Bump移用式突块.。
4 Operations of Pretreatment
4 Operations of Pretreatment（预处理操作）Several devices and structures are placed upstream of the primary treatment operation to provide protection to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) equipment. These devices and structures are classified as pretreatment because they have little effect in reducing BOD5.为了保护污水处理厂的设备，会在废水一级处理的上游放置装置和构筑物。
由于这些装置和构筑物对减少BOD5收效甚微，因此他们被归为预处理。
Bar Racks（格栅池）Typically, the first device encountered by the wastewater entering the plant is a bar rack. The primary purpose of the rack is to remove trash and large objects that would damage or foul pumps, valves, and other mechanical equipment. Rags, logs, and other objects that find their way into the sewer are removed from the wastewater on the racks. In modern WWTPs, the racks are cleaned mechanically. The solid material is stored in a hopper and removed to a sanitary landfill at regular intervals.通常，污水进入污水处理厂遇到的第一个装置是格栅池。
光刻工艺介绍
光刻工艺介绍一、定义与简介光刻是所有四个基本工艺中最关键的，也就是被称为大家熟知的photo，lithography，photomasking, masking, 或microlithography。
在晶圆的制造过程中，晶体三极管、二极管、电容、电阻和金属层的各种物理部件在晶圆表面或表层内构成，这些部件是预先做在一块或者数块光罩上，并且结合生成薄膜，通过光刻工艺过程，去除特定部分，最终在晶圆上保留特征图形的部分。
光刻其实就是高科技版本的照相术，只不过是在难以置信的微小尺寸下完成，现在先进的硅12英寸生产线已经做到22nm，我们这条线的目标6英寸砷化镓片上做到0.11um。
光刻生产的目标是根据电路设计的要求，生成尺寸精确的特征图形，并且在晶圆表面的位置正确且与其它部件的关联正确。
二、光刻工艺流程介绍光刻与照相类似，其工艺流程也类似：实际上，普通光刻工艺流程包括下面的流程：1)Substrate Pretreatment 即预处理，目的是改变晶圆表面的性质，使其能和光刻胶（PR）粘连牢固。
主要方法就是涂HMDS，在密闭腔体内晶圆下面加热到120℃，上面用喷入氮气加压的雾状HMDS，使得HMDS和晶圆表面的-OH健发生反应已除去水汽和亲水健结构，反应充分后在23℃冷板上降温。
该方法效果远比传统的热板加热除湿好。
2)Spin coat即旋转涂光刻胶，用旋转涂布法能提高光刻胶薄膜的均匀性与稳定性。
光刻胶中主要物质有树脂、溶剂、感光剂和其它添加剂，感光剂在光照下会迅速反应。
一般设备的稳定工作最高转速不超过4000rpm，而最好的工作转速在2000～3000rpm。
3)Soft Bake(Pre-bake)即软烘，目的是除去光刻胶中溶剂。
一般是在90℃的热板中完成。
4)Exposure即曝光，这也是光刻工艺中最为重要的一步，就是用紫外线把光罩上的图形成像到晶圆表面，从而把光罩上面的图形转移到晶圆表面上的光刻胶中。
中英文对照PCB生产流程常用术语
中英文对照PCB生产流程常用术语收藏此信息打印该信息添加：用户投稿来源：未知-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A. 开料( Cut Lamination)a-1 裁板( Sheets Cutting)a-2 原物料发料(Panel)(Shear material to Size)B. 钻孔(Drilling)b-1 内钻(Inner Layer Drilling )b-2 一次孔(Outer Layer Drilling )b-3 二次孔(2nd Drilling)b-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Drilling )(Laser Ablation )b-5 盲(埋)孔钻孔(Blind & Buried Hole Drilling)C. 干膜制程( Photo Process(D/F))c-1 前处理(Pretreatment)c-2 压膜(Dry Film Lamination)c-3 曝光(Exposure)c-4 显影(Developing)c-5 蚀铜(Etching)c-6 去膜(Stripping)c-7 初检( Touch-up)c-8 化学前处理,化学研磨( Chemical Milling )c-9 选择性浸金压膜(Selective Gold Dry Film Lamination)c-10 显影(Developing )c-11 去膜(Stripping )Developing , Etching & Stripping ( DES )D. 压合Laminationd-1 黑化(Black Oxide Treatment)d-2 微蚀(Microetching)d-3 铆钉组合(eyelet )d-4 叠板(Lay up)d-5 压合(Lamination)d-6 后处理(Post Treatment)d-7 黑氧化( Black Oxide Removal )d-8 铣靶(spot face)d-9 去溢胶(resin flush removal)E. 减铜(Copper Reduction)e-1 薄化铜(Copper Reduction)F. 电镀(Horizontal Electrolytic Plating)f-1 水平电镀(Horizontal Electro-Plating) (Panel Plating) f-2 锡铅电镀( Tin-Lead Plating ) (Pattern Plating)f-3 低于1 mil ( Less than 1 mil Thickness )f-4 高于1 mil ( More than 1 mil Thickness)f-5 砂带研磨(Belt Sanding)f-6 剥锡铅( Tin-Lead Stripping)f-7 微切片( Microsection)G. 塞孔(Plug Hole)g-1 印刷( Ink Print )g-2 预烤(Precure)g-3 表面刷磨(Scrub)g-4 后烘烤(Postcure)H. 防焊(绿漆/绿油): (Solder Mask)h-1 C面印刷(Printing Top Side)h-2 S面印刷(Printing Bottom Side)h-3 静电喷涂(Spray Coating)h-4 前处理(Pretreatment)h-5 预烤(Precure)h-6 曝光(Exposure)h-7 显影(Develop)h-8 后烘烤(Postcure)h-9 UV烘烤(UV Cure)h-10 文字印刷( Printing of Legend )h-11 喷砂( Pumice)(Wet Blasting)h-12 印可剥离防焊(Peelable Solder Mask) I . 镀金Gold platingi-1 金手指镀镍金( Gold Finger )i-2 电镀软金(Soft Ni/Au Plating)i-3 浸镍金( Immersion Ni/Au) (Electroless Ni/Au)J. 喷锡(Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-1 水平喷锡(Horizontal Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-2 垂直喷锡( Vertical Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-3 超级焊锡(Super Solder )j-4. 印焊锡突点(Solder Bump)K. 成型(Profile)(Form)k-1 捞型(N/C Routing ) (Milling)k-2 模具冲(Punch)k-3 板面清洗烘烤(Cleaning & Backing)k-4 V型槽( V-Cut)(V-Scoring)k-5 金手指斜边( Beveling of G/F)L. 开短路测试(Electrical Testing) (Continuity & Insulation Testing) l-1 AOI 光学检查( AOI Inspection)l-2 VRS 目检(Verified & Repaired)l-3 泛用型治具测试(Universal Tester)l-4 专用治具测试(Dedicated Tester)l-5 飞针测试(Flying Probe)M. 终检( Final Visual Inspection)m-1 压板翘( Warpage Remove)m-2 X-OUT 印刷(X-Out Marking)m-3 包装及出货(Packing & shipping)m-4 目检( Visual Inspection)m-5 清洗及烘烤( Final Clean & Baking)m-6 护铜剂(ENTEK Cu-106A)(OSP)m-7 离子残余量测试(Ionic Contamination Test )(Cleanliness Test) m-8 冷热冲击试验(Thermal cycling Testing)m-9 焊锡性试验( Solderability Testing )N. 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation)N-1 雷射钻Tooling孔(Laser ablation Tooling Hole)N-2 雷射曝光对位孔(Laser Ablation Registration Hole)N-3 雷射Mask制作(Laser Mask)N-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation)N-5 AOI 检查及VRS ( AOI Inspection & Verified & Repaired)N-6 Blaser AOI (after Desmear and Microetching)N-7 除胶渣(Desmear)N-8 微蚀(Microetching )。
PCB综合词汇
PCB综合词汇中英文对照：一、线路板名词二、材料（主要原材料）三、设备四、流程五、品质六、其他一、线路板名词印制电路板：printed circuit board (PCB)印制线路板：printed wiring board(PWB)单面印制电路板：single-sided printed circuit board双面印制电路板：double-sided printed circuit board多层印制电路板：multilayer printed circuit board刚性印制电路板：rigid printed circuit board刚性多层印制电路板：rigid multilayer printed circuit board挠性印制电路：flexible printed circuit (FPC)挠性多层印制电路板：flexible multilayer printed circuit board刚挠性印制电路板：rigid-flex printed circuit board刚挠性多层印制电路板： rigid-flex multilayer printed circuit board 高密度互连：High Density Interconnection (HDI)背板：backplane埋电阻板：buried resistance board二、材料（主要原材料）基底：substrate基材：base material层压板：laminate覆铜箔层压板：copper-clad laminate (CCL)双面覆铜箔层压板：double-sided copper-clad laminate复合层压板：composite laminate薄层压板：thin laminate预浸材料（PP片）：prepreg干膜：dry film湿膜：solder mask环氧玻璃基板：epoxy glass substrate覆盖层：cover layer (cover lay)增强板材：stiffener material导电箔：conductive foil铜箔：copper foil电解铜箔：electrodeposited copper foil (ed copper foil)压延铜箔：rolled copper foil薄铜箔：thin copper foil玻纤布 glass fiber酚醛树脂 Phenolic Resin环氧树脂 Epoxy Resin探针 Probe铝 aluminum铣刀 milling cutter销钉 pin钻咀 bit三、设备plotter 光绘机developer 显影机layer laminator 层压机exposure machine 曝光机developer etch stripper DES线(显影、蚀刻、褪膜）punch 冲床AOI Automatic Optical Inspection 自动光学检测dryer oven 烘箱black oxide line 黑化线vacuum dryer oven 真空干燥机press hot 热压press cold 冷压plating line 电镀线brushing machine 刷板机beveling machine 斜边机x-ray driller x-ray钻孔机drilling machine 钻孔机routing machine 捞机v-cut machine v-cut机brushing machine with high pressure 高压清洗机plasma etch machine 等离子蚀刻机PTH plating PTH电镀copper plating 镀铜solder exposure machine 防焊曝光机dryer oven 烘箱solder development machine 防焊显影机chemical clean HAL 化学清洗HALhot air leveling machine (HAL) 热风整平机cleaner after HAL HAL后清洗机silver horizontal line 水平沉银线electrical test 电测electrical test probe 电测探针physics lab 物理实验室titrator 滴定器reliability lab 稳定性测试实验室microscope 显微镜GENESIS SYSTEM GENESIS系统四、流程流程简介：开料－－钻孔－－干膜制程－－压合－－减铜－－电镀－－塞孔－－防焊(绿漆/绿油)－－镀金－－喷锡－－成型－－开短路测试－－终检－－雷射钻孔A. 开料( Cut Lamination)a-1 裁板( Sheets Cutting)a-2 原物料发料(Panel)(Shear material to Size)B. 钻孔(Drilling)b-1 内钻(Inner Layer Drilling )b-2 一次孔(Outer Layer Drilling )b-3 二次孔(2nd Drilling)b-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Drilling )(Laser Ablation )b-5 盲(埋)孔钻孔(Blind & Buried Hole Drilling)C. 干膜制程( Photo Process(D/F))c-1 前处理(Pretreatment)c-2 压膜(Dry Film Lamination)c-3 曝光(Exposure)c-4 显影(Developing)c-5 蚀铜(Etching)c-6 去膜(Stripping)c-7 初检( Touch-up)c-8 化学前处理,化学研磨( Chemical Milling )c-9 选择性浸金压膜(Selective Gold Dry Film Lamination)c-10 显影(Developing )c-11 去膜(Stripping )Developing , Etching & Stripping ( DES )D. 压合Laminationd-1 黑化(Black Oxide Treatment)d-2 微蚀(Microetching)d-3 铆钉组合(eyelet )d-4 叠板(Lay up)d-5 压合(Lamination)d-6 后处理(Post Treatment)d-7 黑氧化( Black Oxide Removal )d-8 铣靶(spot face)d-9 去溢胶(resin flush removal)E. 减铜(Copper Reduction)e-1 薄化铜(Copper Reduction)F. 电镀(Horizontal Electrolytic Plating)f-1 水平电镀(Horizontal Electro-Plating) (Panel Plating)f-2 锡铅电镀( Tin-Lead Plating ) (Pattern Plating)f-3 低于1 mil ( Less than 1 mil Thickness )f-4 高于1 mil ( More than 1 mil Thickness)f-5 砂带研磨(Belt Sanding)f-6 剥锡铅( Tin-Lead Stripping)f-7 微切片( Microsection)G. 塞孔(Plug Hole)g-1 印刷( Ink Print )g-2 预烤(Precure)g-3 表面刷磨(Scrub)g-4 后烘烤(Postcure)H. 防焊(绿漆/绿油): (Solder Mask)h-1 C面印刷(Printing Top Side)h-2 S面印刷(Printing Bottom Side)h-3 静电喷涂(Spray Coating)h-4 前处理(Pretreatment)h-5 预烤(Precure)h-6 曝光(Exposure)h-7 显影(Develop)h-8 后烘烤(Postcure)h-9 UV烘烤(UV Cure)h-10 文字印刷( Printing of Legend )h-11 喷砂( Pumice)(Wet Blasting)h-12 印可剥离防焊(Peelable Solder Mask)I . 镀金Gold platingi-1 金手指镀镍金( Gold Finger )i-2 电镀软金(Soft Ni/Au Plating)i-3 浸镍金( Immersion Ni/Au) (Electroless Ni/Au)J. 喷锡(Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-1 水平喷锡(Horizontal Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-2 垂直喷锡( Vertical Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-3 超级焊锡(Super Solder )j-4. 印焊锡突点(Solder Bump)K. 成型(Profile)(Form)k-1 捞型(N/C Routing ) (Milling)k-2 模具冲(Punch)k-3 板面清洗烘烤(Cleaning & Backing)k-4 V型槽( V-Cut)(V-Scoring)k-5 金手指斜边( Beveling of G/F)L. 开短路测试(Electrical Testing) (Continuity & Insulation Testing) l-1 AOI 光学检查( AOI Inspection)l-2 VRS 目检(Verified & Repaired)l-3 泛用型治具测试(Universal Tester)l-4 专用治具测试(Dedicated Tester)l-5 飞针测试(Flying Probe)M. 终检( Final Visual Inspection)m-1 压板翘( Warpage Remove)m-2 X-OUT 印刷(X-Out Marking)m-3 包装及出货(Packing & shipping)m-4 目检( Visual Inspection)m-5 清洗及烘烤( Final Clean & Baking)m-6 护铜剂(ENTEK Cu-106A)(OSP)m-7 离子残余量测试(Ionic Contamination Test )(Cleanliness Test) m-8 冷热冲击试验(Thermal cycling Testing)m-9 焊锡性试验( Solderability Testing )N. 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation)N-1 雷射钻Tooling孔(Laser ablation Tooling Hole)N-2 雷射曝光对位孔(Laser Ablation Registration Hole)N-3 雷射Mask制作(Laser Mask)N-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation)N-5 AOI 检查及VRS ( AOI Inspection & Verified & Repaired)N-6 Blaser AOI (after Desmear and Microetching)N-7 除胶渣(Desmear)N-8 微蚀(Microetching )五、品质Open Circuit 开路Short Circuit 短路PCB Damaed 板损坏Lead Broken 线路折断Lead Peel-off 甩线Conductor Width Out By +/_20% 导体宽度超出+/_20%Spacing Under Requirment 间距低于要求Circuit Void 线路穿孔Nick 线路崩缺Plating Void 电镀穿孔PTH V oid 金属孔壁穿孔Discolouration 镀层变色Non PTH Becomes PTH 孔壁金圈Smear 渗镀Nickel Exposed 露镍Dull Colour 哑色Two Tones Colour 板面阴阳色Rough Plating 电镀层粗糙Burn 电镀烧板Rough Hole Wall 孔壁粗糙V oid in PTH 孔内露基材Copper Expose 露铜Solder Mask Bleed on Pad 阻焊剂上焊盘Solder Mask V oid/Lack 阻焊剂穿孔/不足Foreign Matter on Board/Under S/M 板面有外物/绿油下杂物I.C Barrier Broken IC栏断裂Circuit Exposed 露线S/M Residue 绿油冲不净S/M In Hole 孔内有绿油S/M Peel-off 甩绿油S/M Shift 绿油印歪I.C Barrier Shift IC偏位Hole Shift / Cavity Shift 偏孔/镗孔偏位Extra Hole / Missing Hole 多孔/漏孔Oval Hole 椭圆形孔Damage Hole 孔损坏Incomplete Drilling 未钻穿Block Hole 塞孔Hole Undersign 孔小Mispunching / Misrouting 啤坏/锣坏Burrs 披锋/毛刺Damage Caused By Milling 镗坑过度Punching/Routing Particles on Board 板面有粉/碎末Under Etching 蚀板不足Over Etching 蚀板过度Conlamination / Board Dirty 污染/板污Microcrack 轻微裂纹Scratches 擦花Dents /Pin Holes 压凹/针孔Pitting 砂孔Warp and Twist 板曲Texture Exposure/White Spot 织纹/纤维显露/白点Gum on Board / Pen Mark 板面胶/笔渍Poor Rework 修理不良Links 绒毛"X"Board 前工序打记号报废Rough Solder 锡面粗糙Exessive Solder 锡高Tamish Solder 锡面灰Solder on Circuit 线路上锡Solder on G/F 金手指上锡Solder Ball 锡珠Tamish Solder in Hole 灰孔Black Hole 黑孔Rough Solder on Pad 焊盘起砂Solder Chip 锡渣Solder Bleeding 锡拉尖Solder Discoloration 锡面颜色不良NPTH Become PTH and solder in hole 非沉铜孔有铜及铅锡六、其他1、Batch 批指在同时间发料某一数量的板子，是以整体方式在制程中及品检中进行作业，称为"生产批"或"检验批"。
PCB工程部专业英语词汇(参考模板)
PCB 工程部专业英文词汇词汇1.板料: material2.最低限度: minimum 或者min.3.最大限度: maximum 或者max.4.基准点(零点) datum point5.周期Date code6.V-cut余厚V-cut remain thickness7.抢电铜皮（假铜）dummy copper8.实物板actual board9.外形及尺寸错误dimension error10.异常情形error data file11.焊锡面与零件面对位偏差misregistration12.孔塞plug hole13.要求requirement14.缺少miss15.偏公差uneven tolerance16.补偿compensation17.表面处理surface treatment18.无铅喷锡Lead free HAL19.金手指斜边bevel of G/F20.制程能力process capability21.建议,暗示suggest22.确保ensure23.满足,达到meet24.为了in order to25.交货期delivery date26.绿油桥solder mask bridge 或者solder mask dam27.根据according to 28.单边3mil per side 3 mil29.直径diameter30.半径radius31.小于3mil less than 3mil32.高于3mil more than 3 mil33.压合结构stacking structure 或者stack_up34.附件：attached file35.样品：sample36.文档：Document37.答复：answer; reply38.规格：spec39.与...同样的：the same as40.前版本：previous version(old version)41.生产：production42.确认：confirm43.再次确认：confirm again44.工程问题：engineering query（EQ）45.尽快：as soon as possible46.生产文件：production Gerber47.联系某人：contact somebody48.提交样板：submit sample49.交货期：delivery date50.电测成本：ET（electrical test）cost51.通断测试：Open and short testing52.参考：refer to53.IPC标准：IPC standard54.IPC二级：IPC class 255.可接受的：acceptable56.允许：permit57.制造：manufacture 或者fabricate58.修改：revision59.公差：tolerance60.忽略：ignore61.工具孔：tooling hole62.安装孔：mounting hole63.元件孔：component hole64.槽孔：slot hole65.邮票孔：snap off hole 或者stamp hole66.导通孔：via hole67.盲孔：blind via hole68.埋孔：buried via hole69.金属化孔：PTH(plated through hole)70.非金属化孔：NPTH( no plated through hole)71.孔位：hole location72.避免：avoid73.原设计：original design74.修改：modify75.按原设计：follow up original design76.附边：waste tab, waste area 或者breakaway tab77.铜条：copper strip78.拼板：panel drawing79.板厚：board thickness80.删除：remove(delete)81.削铜：shave the copper82.露铜：copper exposure 或者exposed copper83.光标点: fiducial mark84.不同：be different from(differ from)85.内弧：inside radius86.焊环：annular ring87.单板尺寸：single size 88.拼板尺寸：panel size89.铣,锣：routing90.铣刀：router 或者Routing bit91.楔形掏槽V-cut 或者V scoring92.哑光：matt93.光亮的：glossy94.锡珠：solder ball(solder plugs)95.阻焊：solder mask(solder resist)96.阻焊开窗：solder mask opening97.单面开窗：single side mask opening98.补油：touch up solder mask99.补线：track welds100.毛刺：burrs101.去毛刺：deburr102.镀层厚度：plating thickness103.清洁度：cleanliness104.离子污染：ionic contamination105.阻燃性等级：flammability retardant rating 106.黑化：black oxidation107.棕化：brown oxidation108.红化：red oxidation109.可焊性不良：poor solderability110.焊料：solder111.包装：packaging112.角标：corner mark113.特性阻抗：characteristic impedance 114.正像：positive115.负片：negative116.镜像：mirror117.线宽：line width 或者trace width118.线距：line spacing 或者trace spacing119.做样：build sample120.按照：according to121.成品：finished122.做变更：make the change123.相类似：similar to124.规格：specification125.下移：shift down126.垂直地：vertically127.水平的：horizontally128.增大：increase129.缩小：decrease130.表面处理：Surface Finishing131.波峰焊：wave solder132.钻孔数据：drilling data133.标记：Logo134.Ul 标记：UL logo,或者Ul Marking135.蚀刻标记：etched marking136.周期：date code137.翘曲：bow and twist138.外层：outer layer 或者external layer139.内层：inner layer 或者internal layer140.顶层：top layer141.底层：bottom layer142.元件面：component side143.焊接面：solder side144.阻焊层：solder mask layer145.字符层：legend layer (silkscreen layer or over layer) 146.兰胶层：peelable SM layer147.贴片层：paste mask layer 148.碳油层：carbon layer149.外形层：outline layer(profile layer)150.白油：white ink151.绿油：green ink152.喷锡：hot air leveling (HAL)153.电金,水金：flash gold154.插头镀金：plated gold edge-board contacts 155.金手指：Gold-finger156.防氧化：Entek (OSP)157.沉金：Immersion gold (chem. Gold)158.沉锡：Immersion Tin(chem.Tin)159.沉银：Immersion Silver (chem. silver) 160.单面板：single sided board161.双面板：double sided board162.多层板：multilayer board163.刚性板：rigid board164.挠性板：flexible board165.刚挠板：flex-rigid board166.铣：CNC (mill , routing)167.冲：punching168.倒角：beveling169.斜面：chamfer170.倒圆角：fillet171.尺寸：dimension172.材料：material173.介电常数：Dielectric constant174.菲林：film175.成像：Imaging176.板镀：Panel Plating177.图镀：Pattern Plating178.后清洗：Final Cleaning179.叠层：stacking structure (stack-up) 180.污染焊盘：contaminate pad181.分孔图：drill chart 或者drill map 182.度数：degree183.被…覆盖：be covered with184.负公差：minus tolerance185.标靶盘：target pad186.外形公差：routing tolerance 187.芯板：core188.半固化片Prepreg189.阻抗线：impedance trace190.评估estimate191.玻纤显露Fiber Exposure192.底铜base copper193.工作搞working Gerber194.原稿original art work195.放宽relax196.挖空blanking 或者cut-out 197.一般性阻焊油墨general resist ink 198.孔位错误mis hole location 199.压合周期press cycle200.毛边serrated edges201.跳印skip printing202.气泡blistering203.隔离焊盘isolated pad204.泪滴tear drops205.箭头arrows206.加大Enlarge207.压合周期press cycle 208.毛边serrated edges209.跳印,漏印skip printing210.宽度与厚度的比值width-to-thickness ratio 211.调整adjust212.铜箔基板copper claded laminates213.线路露铜copper exposure214.孔内异物dirty hole215.椭圆形elliptical set216.纤维突出fiber protrusion217.填充料filler218.互相连通interconnection219.改善方案implementation220.板料使用率material use factor221.回路,网络network222.缺口nick223.氧化oxidation224.剥离(剥落) peeling off225.补线不良poor touch-up226.品质等级quality classification227.对位孔registration228.拒收rejectable229.树脂含量resin content230.排列电阻resistor network231.锣刀（铣刀）routing bit232.孔内沾文字S/L on hole233.孔内绿漆S/M on hole234.线路沾锡solder on trace235.金手指沾锡solder on G/F236.废框scrap237.封孔处理sealing238.间距不足spacing non-enough239.靶位孔target hole240.测试线路test circuit241.热应力试验thermal stress242.厚度分布thickness distribution243.薄基板,内层板thin core244.线路缺口及针孔track nick & pin hole245.裁切线trim line246.真平整true leveling247.真正位置的孔true position248.万用型universal249.气化室vaporizer250.仓库warehouse251.契尖角wedge angle252.线细width reduce253.良率yield254.渗铜,渗入,灯芯效应wicking255.允收acceptable256.试样点coupon location257.经核准的，被认可的approved258.超越胜过,超过其他exceed259.牛皮纸kraft paper260.孔壁破铜Hole void261.孔位破出Hole breakoutPCB生产—经典流程—英文培训教程A. 开料( Cut Lamination)a-1 裁板( Sheets Cutting)a-2 原物料发料(Panel)(Shear material to Size) B. 钻孔(Drilling)b-1 内钻(Inner Layer Drilling )b-2 一次孔(Outer Layer Drilling )b-3 二次孔(2nd Drilling)b-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Drilling )(Laser Ablation )b-5 盲(埋)孔钻孔(Blind & Buried Hole Drilling)C. 干膜制程( Photo Process(D/F))c-1 前处理(Pretreatment)c-2 压膜(Dry Film Lamination)c-3 曝光(Exposure)c-4 显影(Developing)c-5 蚀铜(Etching)c-6 去膜(Stripping)c-7 初检( Touch-up)c-8 化学前处理,化学研磨( Chemical Milling )c-9 选择性浸金压膜(Selective Gold Dry Film Lamination) c-10 显影(Developing )c-11 去膜(Stripping )Developing , Etching & Stripping ( DES )D. 压合Laminationd-1 黑化(Black Oxide Treatment)d-2 微蚀(Microetching)d-3 铆钉组合(eyelet )d-4 叠板(Lay up)d-5 压合(Lamination)d-6 后处理(Post Treatment)d-7 黑氧化( Black Oxide Removal )d-8 铣靶(spot face)d-9 去溢胶(resin flush removal)E. 减铜(Copper Reduction)e-1 薄化铜(Copper Reduction)F. 电镀(Horizontal Electrolytic Plating)f-1 水平电镀(Horizontal Electro-Plating) (Panel Plating) f-2 锡铅电镀( Tin-Lead Plating ) (Pattern Plating)f-3 低于1 mil ( Less than 1 mil Thickness )f-4 高于1 mil ( More than 1 mil Thickness)f-5 砂带研磨(Belt Sanding)f-6 剥锡铅( Tin-Lead Stripping)f-7 微切片( Microsection)G. 塞孔(Plug Hole)g-1 印刷( Ink Print )g-2 预烤(Precure)g-3 表面刷磨(Scrub)g-4 后烘烤(Postcure)H. 防焊(绿漆/绿油): (Solder Mask)h-1 C面印刷(Printing Top Side)h-2 S面印刷(Printing Bottom Side)h-3 静电喷涂(Spray Coating)h-4 前处理(Pretreatment)h-5 预烤(Precure)h-6 曝光(Exposure)h-7 显影(Develop)h-8 后烘烤(Postcure)h-9 UV烘烤(UV Cure)h-10 文字印刷( Printing of Legend )h-11 喷砂( Pumice)(Wet Blasting)h-12 印可剥离防焊(Peelable Solder Mask)I . 镀金Gold platingi-1 金手指镀镍金( Gold Finger )i-2 电镀软金(Soft Ni/Au Plating)i-3 浸镍金( Immersion Ni/Au) (Electroless Ni/Au)J. 喷锡(Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-1 水平喷锡(Horizontal Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-2 垂直喷锡( Vertical Hot Air Solder Leveling)j-3 超级焊锡(Super Solder )j-4. 印焊锡突点(Solder Bump)K. 成型(Profile)(Form)k-1 捞型(N/C Routing ) (Milling)k-2 模具冲(Punch)k-3 板面清洗烘烤(Cleaning & Backing)k-4 V型槽( V-Cut)(V-Scoring)k-5 金手指斜边( Beveling of G/F)L. 开短路测试(Electrical Testing) (Continuity & Insulation Testing) l-1 AOI 光学检查( AOI Inspection)l-2 VRS 目检(Verified & Repaired)l-3 泛用型治具测试(Universal Tester)l-4 专用治具测试(Dedicated Tester)l-5 飞针测试(Flying Probe)M. 终检( Final Visual Inspection)m-1 压板翘( Warpage Remove)m-2 X-OUT 印刷(X-Out Marking)m-3 包装及出货(Packing & shipping)m-4 目检( Visual Inspection)m-5 清洗及烘烤( Final Clean & Baking)m-6 护铜剂(ENTEK Cu-106A)(OSP)m-7 离子残余量测试(Ionic Contamination Test )(Cleanliness Test)m-8 冷热冲击试验(Thermal cycling Testing)m-9 焊锡性试验( Solderability Testing )N. 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation)N-1 雷射钻Tooling孔(Laser ablation Tooling Hole)N-2 雷射曝光对位孔(Laser Ablation Registration Hole)N-3 雷射Mask制作(Laser Mask)N-4 雷射钻孔(Laser Ablation) N-5 AOI 检查及VRS ( AOI Inspection & Verified & Repaired)N-6 Blaser AOI (after Desmear and Microetching) N-7 除胶渣(Desmear)N-8 微蚀(Microetching )---精心整理，希望对您有所帮助。
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8
Pretreatment Basics
喷淋
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Pretreatment Basics
浸渍脱脂的入口喷淋
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碱性脱脂槽液控制
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Pretreatment Basics
典型脱脂剂: 典型脱脂剂
CHEMKLEEN 490MX+CHEMKLEEN 171A
参数控制 浓度 FAL:1.5-23.2 TAL:2.6-41.6 温度: 40.5-49℃ 压力: 0.1-0.25MPa 时间:>2min
PPG 前处理培训
May,2006
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典型前处理流程
预擦洗 1. 脱脂 2. 水洗 3. 表调 4. 磷化 5. 水洗 6. 钝化 7. 循环 循环R.O.清洗 清洗 8. 新鲜 新鲜R.O. 清洗 参见： （参见：DCX一般工艺 ） 一般工艺
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预擦洗
产品: CHEMKLEEN 370
目的： 前处理前最后检查 安装撑具等 清除车身过多过厚的油污，斑点 可手动擦洗或只喷淋：喷淋录像
应用
Rinse Conditioner 预混浆液最好注入磷化前 表调槽出口喷淋管。
表调出槽润湿喷环
表调槽
磷化槽
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Pretreatment Basics
粉剂表调预混槽
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Pretreatment Basics
表调预混液注入喷管
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Pretreatment Basics
表调出槽润湿喷环
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表调控制
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Pretreatment Basics
Rinse Conditioner
控制方法
浓度：0.1% pH ：8.5-9.5 总碱：2-5 温度：常温 压力：0.05-0.1MPa. 过滤：150-200µm 保持新鲜
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Pretreatment Basics
典型前处理工艺
1. 脱脂 2. 水洗 3. 表调
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前处理基础
pH 范围
碱性 14.0 脱脂剂 脱脂后水洗 表调 7.0 磷化后水洗 钝化 0.0 酸性
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(9.5 - 12.5) (7.0 - 9.5) (8.5 - 9.5) (5.0 - 7.0) (3.8 - 6.0) (3.0 - 3.5)
磷化
PPG 技术服务
每月: 每月 检查膜重 Zn, Ni, Mn 含量 晶相(SEM) 晶相 表调Ti含量 表调 含量 槽液参数
4. 磷化
5. 6. 7. 8. 水洗 钝化 循环D.I.清洗 循环 清洗 新鲜D.I 清洗 新鲜
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前处理基础
成膜完整性 膜重 晶像 膜层成分
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前处理基础 槽液循环
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磷化槽液参数控制
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前处理基础
磷化液: 磷化液 CHEMFOS 700R/AL
控制参数
总酸:17-25 游离酸:0.6-1.0 促进剂:1.8-2.5 温度: 48-52℃ 压力：0.1-0.15MPa 时间: 2-4 min
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前处理基础
典型前处理流程
预擦洗 1. 脱脂 2. 水洗
3. 表调
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 磷化 水洗 钝化 循环D.I.清洗 循环 清洗 新鲜D.I 清洗 新鲜
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表调Rinse Conditioner 应用 表调
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Pretreatment Basics
Rinse Conditioner
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Pretreatment Basics 钝化
控制参数
浓度：F：100-175ppm 温度: 常温 时间：30-60sec. 压力: 0.07-1.0MPa
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前处理基础
RO水洗
应用 - 3 步RO水洗模式 水洗模式
喷淋循环RO水洗电导率小于100 µs/cm 全浸RO水洗电导率控制低于75 µs/cm 新鲜RO水洗电导率控制低于10 µs/cm
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预擦洗
设备
喷淋环 手工工具 防锈润湿喷环
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预擦洗 预擦
预擦洗
1. 脱脂
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 水洗 表调 磷化 水洗 钝化 循环D.I.清洗 循环 清洗 新鲜D.I 清洗 新鲜
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脱脂剂应用
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前处理基础 洪流清洗（ 洪流清洗（Deluge ）
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Pretreatment Basics
磷化后水洗
控制参数
溢流控制酸度 压力 时间
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前处理基础
典型前处理流程
预擦洗 1. 脱脂 2. 水洗 3. 表调 4. 磷化 5. 水洗
6. 钝化
7. 循环 循环D.I.清洗 清洗 8. 新鲜D.I 清洗 新鲜
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前处理基础 钝化
产品: 无铬型) 产品 CHEMSEAL 59 (无铬型 无铬型 目的： 提高漆膜附着力 提高耐腐蚀性 环保型，降低废水处理成本
前处理基础
4种影响药品的参数
时间
应保证板材表面与槽液充分的接触 时间。
温度
温度应保持在药品规格范围。
压力
不管喷淋还是浸渍，板材表面流应 该是均匀受控。
浓度
应控制在药品规定范围。
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Thanks!
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