Anomaly for Model Building
环境工程专业英语词汇表
APPENDIXSelected English Words and Expressions for Environmental SubjectAabacterial 无菌的abatement 减少，减小，取消，消除abnormal blooming of plankton 浮游生物异常繁殖absolute alcohol 无水酒精absolute temperature 绝对温度absorb 吸收absorbent 吸收剂；吸收性的absorption 吸收abundant precipitation 过量降水abysmal deposit 深海沉积物accelerator 加速澄清池，机械澄清池，加速器access 接近，（出）入口，使用或接近的方法、机会或门路，捷径accessory 附件，附属品accidental error 偶然误差acclimate 服水土，适应环境，适应气候acclimatization 驯化，（对环境条件的）适应accommodate 使适应，调节，接纳，容纳，供应，提供acetic acid 醋酸acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acid fog 酸雾acidify 酸化（作用）acidity 酸度，酸性acid-proof material 耐酸材料acoustic construction 隔声构造acoustic fatigue 声致疲劳acquisition 获得，取得，采集acrid 辛辣的，腐蚀性的act 法规，法案，条例，行为，动作activated biofilter 活性生物滤池activated carbon 活性碳activated silica 活性硅土activated sludge 活性污泥activation 活化，激活active chlorine 活性氯activity 活性，活度，放射性，功率adaptable species 适应性强的物种adaptation 适应，匹配，采用，改编（本），修改，适应性，适应力additive 附加物，添加剂；加成的adherence 粘附adhesion 粘附力adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adjustment 调节，调准，控制，安装admixture 掺合物，杂质adsorbate 被吸附物，吸附质adsorbent 吸附剂；吸附的adsorber 吸附器，吸附剂adsorption isotherm 吸附等温线advanced treatment 高级处理，深度处理aerated contact bed (submerged contact aerator) 曝气接触床（淹没式接触曝气池）aerated lagoon 曝气氧化渠aerated spiral-flow grit channel 曝气螺旋流沉砂槽aeration 曝气aeration blower 曝气鼓风机aerobic 好氧的，好气的，需氧的，有氧的aerobic biological treatment process 好氧生物处理法，需氧生物处理法aerobic decomposition 好氧分解，需氧分解aerosol 气溶胶aesthetically 从审美角度看affinity 亲和力，亲和势affluent 支流afforestation 造林（计划），绿化after burner 火舌燃烧炉，后燃烧装置，补燃器agar 琼脂agglomerate 使聚集，使成团aggressive pathogen 侵袭性病原体air compressor 空压机，压气机air conditioner 空调器air gauge 气压计air hammer 气压锤air header 空气干管air inflow 进气量air intake 进气孔air mass 气团air polluntant emission inventory 空气污染物排放清单air pollution surveillance 空气污染监视air release valve 放气阀，释压阀air relief installation 排气设备air sparger 曝气器air stripping 气提airborne 空气中的，空降的，空运的airborne pathongenic organism 空气致病生物体air-lift pump 空气升水泵，气提泵airview 鸟瞰，鸟瞰图alcohol 乙醇，酒精aldehyde 醛algae 藻类algal bloom 水藻繁盛alignment 成直线，调准，准线，直线性，结盟，联合alkali consumption 碱消耗(量)alkali earth 碱土alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度alkalization 碱化alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) 烷基苯磺酸盐alluvial deposit 冲积物，冲积层alum 矾，明矾aluminate 铝酸盐aluminum sulfate 硫酸铝ambient air quality standard 环境空气质量标准ambient noise 环境噪声amine 胺amino acid 氨基酸ammonia nitrogen 氨氮ammonia stripping 氨的气提，气提法除氨ammonification 氨化作用，加氨ammonium 铵amphoteric ion exchange resin 两性离子交换树脂anabolism 合成代谢，组成代谢anaerobic 厌氧的，厌气的，无溶解氧的anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process厌氧-缺氧-好氧法analysis of variance 方差分析analytical balance 分析天平anemometer 风力计，风速计anemoscope 风向仪anhydrous 无水的animal community 动物群落anion 阴离子，负离子anionic surface active agent 阴离子表面活性剂annual depreciation 年折旧annual precipitation 年降水量anode 阳极，正极anodize 阳极氧化，阳极处理anoxic 缺氧的antagonism 对抗（作用），拮抗（作用）antibiotics 抗菌素，抗生素antifreezing agent 防冻剂aperture 孔径，隙缝，小孔apparatus 仪器，装置apparent activation energy 表观活化能appreciable 明显的，相当可观的appurtenance (常用pl. ) 附属物，设备，配件，附属建筑，附属装置aquatic 水的，水生的，水上的aquatic habitat 水生环境aquatic community 水生群落aquatic life 水生生物aqueduct 水道，渠，导水管aqueous 水的aqueous ammonia 氨水aqueous solution 水溶液aquifer 蓄水层，（地下）含水层，含水地层arbitrary 独裁的，专制的，专横的，任意的，随机的，独立的aromatic 芳香的，芳烃的；芳香剂arsenic 砷artery 动脉，运输线artifical wetland （constructed wetland ）人工湿地（系统）artificial fibres 人造纤维asbestos 石棉ascending velocity 上升速度ash content 灰分ash conveyer 灰渣输送带ash handling equipment 除尘设备asphyxiate 使（人）窒息、闷死aspiration 吸气，吸入，吸出，愿望，渴望，志向aspiration ventilation 排气通风（法）assay 分析，化验assembly 装配，组合；机组assimilate 同化，吸收assimilative respiration 同化呼吸associated mineral 伴生矿物atmospheric dispersion 大气弥散，大气分散atmospheric emission 大气排放物atomic absorption spectrophotometry 原子吸收分光光度测定法atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry 原子荧光光谱atomization 喷雾，喷雾法，雾化attenuation 衰减，减弱，减轻，减少，减小attraction 引力，吸引attrition 磨损，损耗autoclave 高压锅，高压釜automatic flushback 自动反冲洗automatic valveless gravity filter 自动无阀重力流滤池，无阀滤池automobile exhaust 汽车尾气，汽车废气autotroph(e) 自养生物，自营性生物autotrophic 自养的，自我营养的，无机营养的available chlorine 有效氯available head 可用水头average yearly loading capacity 年平均负荷容量axial flow 轴流azo dye 偶氮染料azotification 固氮（作用）Bbackfill 回填backflow 回流background noise 背景噪声，本底噪声background survey 本底调查back-pressure valve (check valve) 单向阀backwash cycle 反冲周期bacteria coli 大肠杆菌bacterial colony 细菌菌落bacterial population 细菌种群bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriological examination 细菌检验bacteriologically 按细菌学的观点baffle 挡板baffle board 挡板，隔音板baffled reaction chamber 隔板式反应室bag filter 袋滤器，袋式过滤器baghouse 布袋，滤袋室，滤袋装置baghouse precipitator 布袋除尘器ball mill 球磨机band dryer （污泥）带式干化机band screen (belt screen) 带式格网，带条滤网bar screen 格栅barometer 气压计barrel 桶，桶状物basicity 碱度，盐基度batch 分批的，间歇（式）的batch centrifuge 间歇式离心机batch distillation 分批蒸馏batchwise operation 分批式操作be laden with 充满，携带，含有beaker 烧杯bearing capacity 承重能力belt filter press （污泥）带式脱水机bench 工作台，实验桌，板凳bench-scale 小型的，实验室（规模）的bench scale test 小型试验，实验室试验，模型试验beneficiation 废物回收加工benzene 苯bicarbonate 碳酸氢盐，重碳酸盐bind 粘合，束缚，堵塞bioassay 生物鉴定，活体鉴定biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量biocoenosis 生物群落biodegradable 可生物降解的biodegradation 生物降解（作用）bio-disc 生物转盘biofilter 生物滤池biogeophysical 生物地球物理的biological filter loading 生物滤池负荷（率）biological phosphate removal 生物除磷酸盐biology 生物学biolysis 生物分解（作用）biomass 生物体群，生物量bioremediation 生物修复bioscrubber 生物洗涤器，生物涤气器biosorption 生物吸附，生物吸收biosphere 生物圈biota 生物群biotic community 生物群集，生物群落biotope 群落生境，环境条件均匀的地方black liquor 黑液（一般指纸浆厂废液）blank assay 空白试验，空白检定blast 鼓风bleaching liquid 漂白液blind ditch 暗沟block diagram 方块图bloom 大量增殖，旺发boiling point depression 沸点降低bomb calorimeter (炸)弹式量热器booster pump 增压泵botanic 植物的boundary layer 边界层branch 支线，支管，分支管brand 标记，牌子breakthrough 穿透，贯穿，泄漏brewery 啤酒厂brine 海水，盐水broth culture 肉汤培养，肉汤培养物bubble aeration 气泡曝气bubbling tower 起泡塔Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bucker excavator 斗式挖掘机bucket dredger 斗式挖泥船buffer 缓冲液，缓冲剂buffer capacity 缓冲能力，缓冲容量building drain 建筑物内污水总管，建筑排水管building sewer (house sewer) 建筑物外污水总管bulking of activated sludge 活性污泥的膨胀buoyancy force 浮力burette 滴定管bypass 旁通管，超越管，旁路Ccabinet 箱，柜，橱cage rotor 笼式转子cake conveyer 滤饼输送带cake of filter-press 滤块，污泥压滤饼calcination 煅烧，焙烧calcium lime (calcium oxide, CaO) 石灰，生石灰calcium sulphate 石膏，硫酸钙calibration 校准，标定，定标calorie 卡（路里）calorific value 热值capillarity 毛细管作用，毛细现象capillary 毛细管；毛细的，毛细管的capillary suction time 毛细空吸时间（测定污泥过滤性）capital cost 基本（建设）投资，投资费，资本值capital repair 大修（理）carbonaceous compound 含碳化合物carburetor 汽化器carcinogen 致癌物，致癌因素cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病carrier 带菌者，载体cascade 级联catabolism 分解代谢catalysis 催化（作用）catalyst 催化剂cataphoresis 电泳catchment 集水区域cathode protection 阴极保护cation 阳离子，正离子cation-exchange softener 阳离子交换软水器cationic surface active agent (cationic surfactant) 阳离子表面活性剂caustic (quick) lime 生石灰，石灰caustic 腐蚀性的，苛性的；苛性药，氢氧化物caveat （防止误解的）说明cavitation 空蚀作用，气蚀作用，空穴作用cavity 空腔cell 小室，细胞，电池，盒cell mass 细胞块cellular protoplasm 细胞原生质cellular 细胞的，多孔的，蜂窝状的cementation 胶结（作用）centigrade thermometer 摄氏温度计centrifugal 离心的cesspool 污水池channel improvement 河道整治characteristic curve of pump 泵的特性曲线characterization 表征，性能描写charcoal 木炭charge 电荷；充（水、气、电等）chart 图表check 核对，阻止，制动装置，支票，联单checklist （核对用的）清单chelating reagent 螯合剂，chemical 化学的；化学品，化学制品chemical engineering unit operation 化工单元操作chemical nomenclature 化学命名法chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学需氧量chemical resistance 耐化学性，化学抗性chemical stoichiometry 化学计量学chloride 氯化物chloride ion 氯根离子chlorinate (使)氯化，用氯消毒，用氯处理chlorinated lime 漂白粉chlorine feed unit 投氯设备，加氯单元chloroform 氯仿chlorophyll 叶绿素cholera 霍乱chromatography 色层（分离）法chronic pollution 慢性污染，长期污染chronic toxicity test 慢性毒性试验cinder 煤渣，焦渣circulator clarifier 水力（循环）澄清池cistern 蓄水池，贮水器cite 引用，引证clamp 夹子clarificant 澄清剂clarification 澄清，净化classifier （结合沉砂池的）洗砂机，分级机clay 粘土cleaner production 清洁生产climate modification 人工影响气候climatic anomaly 气候异常clinker （煤燃烧后留下的）渣滓，熔渣，熔块closet 盥洗室cloudiness 混浊性，浊度coagulant 混凝剂，凝聚剂coagulant aids 助凝剂coagulation 混凝，凝聚coalesce 凝结，凝聚，合并cocurrent extraction 并流萃取code of practice 工作规程，业务法规cold wave 寒潮coli test 大肠菌试验coliform 大肠的，大肠菌的coliform bacteria 大肠菌，大肠杆菌collecting trough 集水槽collection of classificated refuse 垃圾分类收集collection works 取水构筑物collector 集尘器，浮选促集剂，集电器，集水槽colloid 胶体colloidal 胶态的colony 菌落，群体color cast 色调color index 色度color-developing agent 显色剂colorimeter 比色计colorimetric analysis 比色分析colorimetry 比色法colour (color) 色，色度column plate 塔板combined available residual chlorine 化合性有效剩余氯combined sewage 合流污水，混合污水combined sewage system 合流下水道系统combustion 燃烧commercial formulation 生产配方commercial scale 工业规模commercial waste 商业废物，商业废水commercial 商业的，工业（用）的，大批生产的commercially 大批地commingle 混合，搀和comminute 使细碎，粉碎comminutor 磨碎机，粉碎机common grate 普通格栅communicable disease 传染病community 团体，界，全体居民，地区，社区，居民区，城镇，共同性，共有性，生物种群，群落community pollution 居民区污染，城市污染compaction 压实，压缩，致密化compactor truck 垃圾打包卡车compartment 间，室compensation 补偿，抵消，赔偿，平衡，调整completely miscible 完全混溶的complex 络合物complex ion 络离子component 组分，成分，分力，部件composite sample 混合样品，复合样品composite wastewater sample 混合废水样品composition 组成，成分，结构compost 把……做成堆肥，施堆肥于；堆肥compound fertilizer 复合肥料comprehensive utilization 综合利用compressed air 压缩空气concentrator 浓缩器concerted reaction 协同反应concrete 混凝土condensation 冷凝，凝结，缩合（作用），缩聚（作用）condensation polymerization 缩聚condensation reaction 缩合反应conditioning 调理（使污泥便于脱水）conductivity 传导性，传导率confined water 禁闭水confluence 汇流处，合流congeal 冻结，凝固conical type clarifier 圆锥形澄清池conjunction 联结，结合，连结connate water 原生水conservation 保护，守恒，保持conservation of energy 能量守恒consistence 稠性，相容性，一致性console 控制台consolidation tank （污泥）浓缩池constant rate pump 计量泵constant-head tank 恒水头水池constant-rate period 恒速阶段contact biological filter 接触生物滤池contact oxidation method 接触氧化法container 集装箱continental climate 大陆性气候continental drift 大陆漂移continuum 连续区，连续体contour line 等高线，等值线contour of water table 等水位线contracted weir 收缩堰contraction 收缩，收缩率convalescent 恢复期的convection 对流converging-diverging duct section 收缩－扩大管截面conveyer (conveyor) 传送机conveyor-type scraper 环链板刮泥器coordinate 坐标（系）；坐标的coordination 配位correction 校正，改正，纠正correlation 相关（性）corridor 走廊，流槽corrosion inhibitor 缓蚀剂cost 费用，成本cost benefit evaluation 费用－收益评价，成本－效益评价counter current （counterflow）逆流counter force 反作用力counterweight 平衡重，对重covalent bond 共价键covered sludge drying bed 有盖的污泥干化床crack 裂缝cracker 破碎机cradle 支架，机架criterion (criteria) 准则，标准critical 临界的，极限的critical compressive force 临界压力critical point 临界点cross conveyor 横向传送刮板cross current 错流，正交流cross cut test 正交试验cross section 断面，剖面，截面crucible 坩锅crush 破碎crusher 破碎机，砸碎机crystallization 结晶culprit 罪魁祸首, 肇事原因culture 培养基，培养微生物的成长culture medium 培养基，培养物curing 固化，硫化，熟化，处理current repair 小修（理）curve 曲线cycle 循环，周期cyclone 旋流，旋风，气旋器，旋风分离器，旋风除尘器cyclone dust collector 旋风集尘器cyclone scrubber 旋风涤气器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cylinder 钢瓶，（氧）气瓶，圆筒体cytoplasm 细胞质Ddaily flow 日流量，逐日流量dairy waste 牛奶场废水[废物] damped balance 阻尼天平deactivation 钝化作用deaeration unit 脱气装置deafening effect 隔声效果debris 有机残渣，腐质，残骸decantation 倾析，倾泻上层液decay 腐烂，衰变dechlorination 脱氯decibel 分贝decking 盖板，铺面，支撑板declining growth phase 生长衰落期decolorize 漂白de-emulsification 解乳化，破乳化defacing 磨损，损伤外观defecation 澄清deficiency 缺乏deficit 亏空，赤字defoam 去沫，去泡沫defoaming agent 消泡剂，去泡剂deforestation 滥伐，砍伐森林degasification 脱气作用deglaciation 冰消（作用）degradation 降解（作用）dehydration 脱水（作用），去水deionized water 去离子水，无离子水deliquescence 潮解demister 除雾器denitrification 反硝化，脱氮，脱硝（作用）denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densely inhabited district 人口密集区deodorization 除臭作用deoxygenation 脱氧，脱除溶解氧，消氧dephenolizing 除酚，脱酚deposit 沉淀物，沉积物deposition 沉积（作用），沉积物depreciation 折旧depressant 抑制剂depression 减压，降低，抑制，洼地desalination 海水淡化，脱盐（作用）desiccant 干燥剂desiccating agent 干燥剂desulfurization from exhaust 从尾气脱硫detection limit 检出极限detention time 停留时间，逗留时间，滞留时间detergent 洗涤剂，去垢剂detritus 杂粒dialysis 渗析，膜析（渗透离析法）diaphragm 膜片，隔膜differential gauge 压差计diffused aeration 扩散式曝气（法）digester 消化池，煮解器digestion 消化dilute solution 稀溶液dilution 冲淡，稀释dimensionless 无因次的，无量纲的dioxin 二噁英direct-flow demineralization 自流式脱矿质discharge 流出，排出量，排放，放电discharge area 过水面积discharge capacity 流量，排水量，排放量discharge permit 排污许可（证）discharge rate 流量率，排水率，排放率，排放速率discipline 学科，科目discrete settling 离散沉降，单粒沉降dish aerator 浅盘式曝气器disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒（作用），灭菌（作用）disintegrator 破碎机，碎裂机dismantle 拆开，拆散dismutation 歧化（作用）dispersate 分散质dispersed-air flotation 弥散空气浮选dispersion 分散（作用），弥散（作用）displacement 置换，位移disposal （废弃物）处理，处置disposal of refuse in land fills 垃圾填埋处置dissociation 离解dissolution 溶解dissolve 溶解dissolved oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线，氧垂曲线distillation 蒸馏（作用）distributing trough 配水槽，布水槽diurnal variation 昼夜变化，（周）日变DO (dissolved oxygen) 溶解氧dome aerator 圆罩式曝气器domestic demand 生活用水量，居民用水量domestic fecal sewage （家庭）粪便污水domestic refuse 家庭垃圾domestic sewage 生活污水domestic waste 家庭废水，生活废水，家庭垃圾downcomer 下水管，落水管downstream 顺流的，在下游的；顺流地，在下游地draft 草图，通风，汲出，汲水，引通draft fan 引风机draft tube 引通管，引水管drag （流体对悬浮颗粒的）摩阻，曳力drain pit (drain sump) 排水坑drain tile 瓦管drainage 排水，排水设备，排出的水draw 汲，吸，拉，拖dredge 挖掘，清淤dress water 选矿水drought 干旱，旱灾dry weather flow （合流沟管）晴天流量，干季（七天以上无雨）流量dryer 干燥器drying oven 烘箱dual water supply 分质供水durability 耐久性duration 期间，历时duration day 日照长度dust 尘dust cloud 尘云dust fog 尘雾dwelling 住宅，住所dye 染料dyestuff 染料Eeasement 附属建筑物ecological perspective 生态学观点ecological crisis 生态危机ecology 生态学effervescence 起泡，液沸（现象）effervescing 泡腾，起泡，鼓泡（作用）efficient rotation （农作物）有效轮作effluent 出水，出流，排出物ejection 喷射ejector 喷射器，射流器，喷射泵electric precipitation 电除尘electrode potential 电极电位electrodialysis 电渗析electrogalvanizing 电镀锌electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质，电解液electrolytic dissociation (ionization) 电离electromagnetic flowmeter 电磁流量计electromotive forces 电动势electrophoresis 电泳electroplating 电镀electrostatic precipitator 静电除尘器element 要素，元素，单元，单体，元件，部件，组成部分，（pl.）（基本）原理，基础elevated 高架的elevated reservoir 高地水库elevated tank 高位水箱elevation 高度，高程，海拔elevator 提升器，升降机elimination 去除，消除，消去elutriation 淘洗embrittlement 脆化emergency basin 备用池emergency bypass 事故旁路emergency outlet 事故出水口emergency water supply 应急给水，事故给水emission 散发，排放，排放物emission standard 排放标准empirical equation 经验方程emulsification 乳化emulsify 乳化emulsion 乳浊液enclosure 围档物，围墙endogenous phase 内生相（发生于体内的）endogenous respiration （细胞新陈代谢的）内源呼吸endothermic 吸热的engender 产生，造成，引起enmeshment 网捕，使陷入网中enrichment 富集entrap 收集，捕集，诱捕，截留entropy 熵environmental disruption 环境破坏environmental disturbance 环境破坏environmental impact 环境影响environmental monitoring 环境监测enzyme 酶equalization 均衡equipment availability 设备完好率erecting diagram 安装图erosion 侵蚀，冲刷，冲蚀eruption 喷发ester 酯estuary （沿海的）河口etch 蚀刻，侵蚀，蚀刻剂ethane 乙烷ethanol 乙醇，酒精etherification 醚化（作用）ethylene 乙烯eutrophication 富营养化evacuate 抽真空，抽出，排出（气）evaluation 评价evaporation 蒸发evergreen shrub 常绿灌木evolution 进化，演化，发育enclosure 围挡物exclude 排除excrement 排泄物，粪便exhaust 抽空，排尽，废气，排出的气；排出的，废的exhaust duct 排气导管exhaust fan 排风扇exhaust gas 尾气，废气，排气exhausted liquid 废液exogenous 外生的（有机体外的），外源性的exothermic 放热的expenditure of energy 能量消耗exploitation 开发，开采，利用，运行，操作，剥削exposure 暴露，曝露，接触，照射exposure dose 接触剂量exposure to pollutant 曝露于污染物中，接触污染物extended aeration 延时曝气（法）extraction 萃取，提取Ffabric filter 布袋过滤器facility 设施facultative 兼性的facultative aerobe 兼性好氧菌，兼性需氧菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌气菌，兼性厌氧菌fallout measurement 散落物测定fall overturn 秋季翻转fat and oil 脂和油（油脂）fat trap 聚油脂阱fault 故障fauna 动物群feed 进料feeding installation 供水装置，投加装置fell trees 砍树，伐木felling operation 伐木工作fen 沼泽fermentation 发酵fertilizing value of sludge 污泥的肥料价值field 田地，现场，……场field observation 野外观察field survey 现场调查filament 纤丝，丝状体filamentous organisms 含丝状体的生物体fill 填满，填筑fill and draw 间歇式，注排法filler 填料filter 滤池，过滤filter aid 助滤剂filter medium 滤料，过滤介质filter paper 滤纸filter press 压滤机filter run 过滤周期，滤池运行周期filter screen 滤网filtrate 滤液（从污泥脱水滤出的）filtration 过滤final clarifier 最后澄清池，终沉池fine gravel 细卵石fine screen 细筛finish 光洁度，涂层，面层finished product 成品finishing 精修，精制，精加工，最终加工fire hydrant 消火栓first approximation 一级近似first order reaction 一级反应fish culture in stream 河道养鱼fishery 渔业，水产业，渔场fittings 配件，零件fixation of nitrogen 氮固定，固氮fixed matter 固定物质，不挥发物质fixed-bridge scraper 固定桥下刮泥器（用于辐射沉淀池）fixture 装置，工件夹具flammability 可燃性，易燃性flange 法兰，凸缘，突缘flash mixer 快速混合器，闪急混合器flask 烧瓶flat bottom 平底flat floor 平底flexible tube 软管floatation 漂浮，浮选floating scum 浮渣floating-cover digester 浮盖式消化池floc 絮凝物，絮粒，絮体，绒粒（俗称矾花）flocculant 絮凝剂flocculation 絮凝（作用）flooded area 洪泛区，淹没地面flora 植物群flotation 浮选，气浮flow diagram 流程图flow meter 流量计flow pattern 流型flow rate 流量，流速flow sheet 流程图flue gas 烟道气，烟气flue gas desulfurization system 烟气脱硫系统fluidized bed 流化床flume 水槽，斜槽flush (强液体流)冲洗，清洗，冲水flushback 反冲洗fly ash 燃烧的烟尘，飞灰foam 泡沫；起泡沫，发泡沫foam recycle 泡沫（再）循环，泡沫回流food-borne illness 由食物传染疾病forced draft (draught) cooling tower 强制通风冷却塔forced ventilation 强制通风，机械通风foreign gas 杂质气体forest conservancy 森林保护forest deterioration 森林破坏formaldehyde 甲醛formation 地（岩）层fossil fuel 矿物燃料，化石燃料fractional distillation 分馏fractionation 分馏，分级，分数化free (available) chlorine 游离（有效）氯free labor 无偿劳动free radical 游离基，自由基fresh water 淡水fresh water aquiculture 淡水养殖friability 易碎性，脆性friction 摩擦full scale 实物尺寸的，大规模的，工业规模的，全刻度的fume 烟，烟气fuming nitric acid 发烟硝酸fungal component 共生菌fungi（pl.）菌类fungus （单数）菌，真菌furrow 沟槽Ggadget 小装置gage (gauge) 表，计，规尺galvanic cell 原电池galvanization 镀锌gamma ray detector γ射线探测器garbage 垃圾，废料，污物，厨余，食品加工废物gas collector 集气罩，气体收集器gaseous waste 废气gasification 气化gel 凝胶，冻胶gene 基因gene conversion 基因转换gene duplication 基因复制genesis 成因，起源genus 类，种类geologic survey 地质调查geological examination 地质调查，地质勘测geosphere 陆界，陆圈，岩石圈germ 细菌，病菌germicidal 杀菌的germicide 杀菌剂germination 发芽，生长，产生，晶核化，长晶核gland 压盖（俗称“格兰”），密封装置glucose 葡萄糖grab sample 临时样品，单一样品grade of grain 颗粒级配grade of slope 坡度gradient 坡度，梯度grain size 颗粒大小，粒度grain size grading 粒径分级gram-equivalent weight 克当量Gram-positive 格兰阳性，革兰氏阳性grand canyon 大峡谷granular 粒状的，颗粒的graph 标绘图，线图graphical symbol 图例，图解符号graphite 石墨grate 格栅gravel 卵石，砾石gravimetric analysis 重量分析gravimetry 重量分析法gravity filtration 重力过滤gravity flow 自流，重力流gravity separator 重力沉降分离器gravity thickening 重力增稠grease content 油脂含量grease trap 油分离阱，油脂捕集器green belt 绿化地带green-house effect 温室效应grinder 磨碎机grinding 磨碎grit （污水中的）粗砂，杂粒，硬渣grit chamber 沉砂池，杂粒池gross 总的,粗的ground vegetation 地面植被gypsum 石膏Hhabitat （动植物）生活境地，栖息地handling 处理，输送，装卸handling operation 装卸操作[作业] handling characteristic 处理特性harvest 收成，产量，收获（物，量）；收获，收割haul 搬运，运程，运输量；用力拖（或拉），搬运，运输hauling charges 运费hauling equipment 运输设备hazardous 有害的，危险的hazardous waste 危险废物heat insulation 隔热heat release 放热heavily polluted 严重污染的herbicide 除草剂hereditary variation 遗传变异heterogeneous 非均匀的，多相的heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌high (low) flush tank 高（低）冲洗水箱high lift pump 高压泵high-rate 高负荷(率)的，高速的high-rate composting 高速[高效]堆肥high-rate digestion 高速[高效]消化hi-volume sampler 大体积取样器holder 储罐，夹具，架座holding tank 储料罐，收集槽homeostasis 生物体中的平衡homogeneous 均相的，均匀的，单一的hood 通风橱horizontal flow 平流hose 软管，水龙带household refuse 家庭垃圾humic acid 腐殖酸humidification 增湿（作用）humidity 湿度hybrid reaction 混合反应hybrid 杂化的，混合的，桥接的hydrant 消防龙头，消火栓hydrate 水合物hydration 水合（作用）hydraulic circular clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic element 水力要素hydraulic sloughing 水力脱膜hydraulic stirring device 水力搅拌设备hydraulic subsiding value 水力沉降值hydrocarbon 烃，碳氢化合物hydrochloric acid 盐酸hydrology 水文学hydrophilic 亲水的，吸水的hydrophobic 恐水的，疏水的hydrostatical pressure 静水压力，流体静压力hydroxide 氢氧化物hydroxide ion 氢氧离子，羟离子hydroxyl ion 氢氧根离子，羟基离子hygienic 卫生的，卫生学的hyperfiltrate 超滤hypochlorite 次氯酸盐hypochlorite of lime 次氯酸钙，漂白粉Iimmersion 浸没，浸水immiscibility 不混溶性immobilized enzyme 固相酶，固定化酶impact allowance 冲击容许量impeller 叶轮impervious strata 不透水层impingement 碰撞，冲击，打击impingement plate tower 冲击式板式塔impinger 碰撞取样器，空气采集器impoundage 集水区impounding reservoir 蓄水池impulse 冲击，冲动，冲量，脉冲in block form 巨块状，成大块in bulk 散装，桶装in lumps 块团状incineration 焚化incinerator 焚化炉inclined tube settler 斜管沉淀器incremental loading (stepped feeding) 分段投加污水incrustation 结壳，外壳，表面装饰incubate (细菌)培养incubator 恒温箱，培养箱index 指数，索引，指标indicator organisms 指示性生物体，指示生物induced draft mechanical cooling tower 抽风式机械通风冷却塔industrial nuisance 工业公害inert filler 惰性填料inertia 惯性，惯量infection 传染infest 侵扰infiltration 渗透，渗入inflammability 可燃性，易燃性inflammable 可燃的，易燃的inflow 入流，流入物，流入（量），进水，进气influent 进水，入流infrared absorption spectrum 红外吸收光谱infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析仪ingest 摄入，摄取ingredient 成分，组成部分，配料，要素ingress 进口，进入ingress of groundwater 地下水侵入inherent moisture 固有水分inheritance 遗传inhibitor 抑制剂initial concentration 起始浓度initial interface velocity (rate of hindered settling) 悬浮物初始沉降速度initiation 引发，启动，开始injection 注射，喷射injector 注射器，喷射器inland water 内陆水体inlet 进水口，进口，雨水口inlet chamber 进口室，入流井inoculant 变质剂，孕育剂inoculate 给……接种，移植，嫁接inodourous 无臭气的，无气味的insecticide 杀虫剂installation 装置，设备instantaneous flow rate 瞬时流量instruction manual 使用手册instrument 仪器intact 完整的intake 取水口intake of water works 水厂取水口integrated control 综合防治integrated oxidation ditch 一体化氧化沟integrated plant protection 综合植物保护intercepting chamber 截流井interception 截流interceptor 截流管，截水沟interdisciplinary 各学科之间的，跨学科的interfacial active agent 界面活性剂interfacial tension 界面张力intermediate water supply 中水道interpolation 内插法interstice 空隙，孔interstitial 间隙的，空隙的，隙间的intestine 内部的，国内的；（pl.）肠intraparticle 粒子内的intrinsic energy 内能，本征能inundation 淹没，泛滥，水灾，洪水inventory 清单，目录，报表inversion layer 逆温层invert 管内底inverted-siphon 倒虹管iodide 碘化物iodine 碘iodometric titration method 碘量滴定法ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂ion migration 离子迁移，离子移动ion product 离子积ion-exchange membrane 离子交换膜ionization 电离（作用），离子化（作用）irrigation farming 灌溉农业isoelectric point 等电点isomer （同分）异构体isomerism 同分异构现象isotherm 等温线isotope 同位素Jjar 罐，瓶，（刺耳的）噪声jar test 搅拌试验，混凝试验，瓶式检验jelly 胶冻jet 喷射，射流jet aeration 射流曝气jet ejector 射流泵jetting machine 高压水清洗机junk 废料，废物；丢弃，丢掉jury pump 备用泵juxtaposition 并列，并置Kkeep clear of 避开，不接触Kjeldahl nitrogen 总有机氮kraft mill wastewater 制浆废水Llabeled compound 标记化合物lag growth 滞后生长lagoon 氧化塘，污水塘laminar flow 层流land disposal 地面排放，地面处置land irrigation （污水）地面灌溉land subsidence 地面沉降land treatment 地面（灌溉）处理landfill 土地掩埋，填埋landscape and recreation waterbody 景观和娱乐水体LAS 线性烷基苯磺酸盐（软性洗涤剂）latent heat 潜热lateral sewer 旁支沟管laundry waste 洗衣房废水lavatory 盥洗室lawsuit 诉讼leach 浸出，浸析；滤灰槽，沥滤器leachate （垃圾堆）渗滤液，沥滤液，浸出液leaching 浸取，浸提，渗洗leaching cesspool 渗污井，污水坑leather waste 皮革废水lethal dose 致死剂量level-sensing device 水位显示装置life 寿命，生命，生活life expectancy 预期寿命，预计期限lift head 扬程light catalyzed chlorine oxidation 光催化氯氧化liquefaction 液化liquefied gas 液化气liquefy 液化liquor 液litter 乱丢的废物，垃圾local exhaust ventilation 局部排气通风logger 记录器log-growth phase 对数生长期longevity 长寿，耐久性，存活力longitudinal 纵向的，经度的loop seal 环形管水封，回路水封loss on ignition 烧灼减重low flow year 枯水年low lift pump 低压泵magnetic stirring 磁力搅拌magnitude of traffic flow 交通流量main drain 总排水管maintenance 维护make-up water 补给水malnutrition 营养不良malodorous 恶臭的manhole 检查井，窨井，人孔manipulation （手工）操作manometer （流体）压力计，（流体）压差计manure 肥料，粪肥marine deposits 海底沉积物marsh 沼泽，湿地marsh gas 沼气mass 大块，质量mass action law 质量作用定律mass balance 物料衡算mass growth 群体生长mass spectrograph 质谱仪mass transfer 质量转移，传质material balance 物料平衡，物料衡算matrix 模型，杂矿石，矩阵，基体maturation 成熟mean 中间，平均值，中项；中间的，平均的，下等的mean particle diameter 平均粒径measured day work 计时日工（计量的一日工作量）measurement 测定，量度measuring flask 容量瓶meat processing waste water 肉类加工废水meat-packing waste 肉类包装废水mechanism 机构，机构学，机理，机制membrane separation 膜分离mesh 网眼mesophilic 中温的，嗜温的metabolic respiration 新陈代谢的呼吸metabolism 新陈代谢metal processing and finishing 金属加工及修饰metatrophic 间营养的，介营养的（介于营养与非营养之间）methane 甲烷，沼气method of images 源象法micellae (micelle) 胶束microfiltration 微（孔过）滤microscope 显微镜micro-strainer 微滤机milling 研磨mineral acid 无机酸mineral matter 矿物质mineralization 矿化作用，（有机物的）无机化（作用）mining waste 采矿废水miscellaneous （混）杂的，杂项的，各种各样的，多方面的；其他mist 轻雾mixing impeller 搅拌叶轮model 模式，模型model test 模型试验，小规模试验modification 改变，改进modified 改变的，改良的，修改的modified starch 改性淀粉molecular sieve 分子筛moor 荒野，沼morbidity发病率，每十万人的病例数morphology 形态学mortality 致命性moss 沼泽MPN (most probable number) 最概然数，最可能的数（目）mud 污泥，泥浆muffler 消声器，减声器multimedia 多种介质的，多种手段的，多种方式的multipurpose use of waste 废物综合利用municipal 城市的，市政的municipal refuse 城市垃圾municipal sewage 城市污水mutagenesis 致突变作用mutagenic 诱变的，致突变的mutation 突变nascent oxygen 初生氧，新生氧natural circulation 自然环流natural conservation 自然保护neck 颈，颈部niche 小生境，适当的位置，适当的场所nightsoil 人粪尿，粪便nitrate nitrogen 硝酸盐氮nitric acid 硝酸nitrification (氮的) 硝化（作用）nitrifying bacteria 硝化菌nitrite nitrogen 亚硝酸盐氮Nitrobacter 硝化杆菌nitrogeneous compound 含氮化合物Nitrosomonas 亚硝化毛杆菌（使氨氧化为亚硝酸盐）noise elimination 噪声消除noise level 噪声级noise silencer 噪声抑制器nomogram 列线图，诺模图non-ferrous metals 非铁金属, 有色金属normal solution 当量溶液noxious 有害的nuisance 讨厌物，公害nuisanceless technology 无公害工艺nutrient 营养物，养料Oobjectionable 讨厌的，不适合的，不能采用的，不好的，有害的objectionable impurity 有害杂质obligate aerobes 专性需氧菌，专性好氧菌obnoxious 讨厌的occupational disease 职业病ocean disposal 向海洋排放ocean dumping 向海洋投弃，向海洋倾倒odor (odour) 臭味，气味（指香味和臭味）odor and taste 臭味和水味odorant (odorous substance) 恶臭物质of interest 值得注意的，有关的，重要的offensive industry 有毒工业，有害工业offscum 脱浮渣oil separate tank 隔油池oil separator 分油器，油水分离器，隔油池oil-and-water trap 油水收集器，油水阱olfaction 嗅觉olfactory sense 嗅觉oligotrophic 贫营养的on-site treatment systems 就地处理系统open channel flow 明渠流open ditch 明渠operating rules 操作规程operation manual （产品）使用说明书operational research 运筹学opposing reaction 对抗反应，对峙反应order of magnitude 数量级order of reaction 反应级数ordinance 法令，条例ordinary pressure 常压organic carbon(OC) 有机碳organic polyelectrolyte 有机高分子电解质organic polymer 有机聚合物organism 有机体，生物体organometallic compound 有机金属化合物orifice column 筛板塔original concentration 原始浓度ORP (oxidation reduction potential) 氧化还原电位oscillation 振动，振荡osmosis 渗透outfall 渠口，沟渠出口，排水出口outlet 排出，出口，出水口outlet chamber 出流室，出流井overall floorage 总建筑面积overall reaction rate equation 总反应速率方程overflow 溢流overhaul （彻底）检查，检修overhead railway 高架铁路overhead storage water tank 高架储水箱overview 综述，概述，概要，观察，概观oxidizing agent 氧化剂。
土木工程英汉词典
土木工程词典A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯A-frame A型骨架A-truss A型构架Aandon废弃Abandoned well废井Aberration of needle磁针偏差Abnormal pressure异常压力abnormally high pressure异常高压Abort中止abrasion磨损Abrasion surface浪蚀面abrasive cut-off machine磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel拮碟abrasive grinding machine研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel磨碟abrasive particle磨料颗粒Absolute address绝对地址Absolute altitude绝对高度Absolute damping绝对阻尼Absolute deviation绝对偏差Absolute flying height绝对航高Absolute gravity绝对重力absolute permeability绝对渗透率absolute porosity绝对孔隙率absolute temperature绝对温度absorbability吸收性；吸附性absorption吸收abutment桥墩abutting end邻接端acceleration加速acceleration lane加速车道Acceleration of gravity重力加速度acceleration pedal加速器踏板accelerator催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria接受准则access通路；通道access door检修门；通道门access lane进出路径access panel检修门access point入口处；出入通道处access ramp入口坡道；斜通道access road通路；通道access shaft竖井通道access spiral loop螺旋式回旋通道access staircase通道楼梯access step出入口踏步access tunnel隧道通道accessible roof可到达的屋顶accessory附件；配件accident事故；意外accidental collapse意外坍塌accommodate装设；容纳accredited private laboratory认可的私人实验室accumulator储压器；蓄电池accuracy limit精度限制acetylene cylinder乙炔圆筒Acetylene Hose煤喉Acetylene Regulator煤表acid plant酸洗设备；酸洗机acid pump酸液泵acid tank酸液缸acidic rock酸性岩acoustic couplant声耦合剂acoustic coupler声音藕合器；音效藕合器acoustic lining隔音板acoustic screen隔声屏Acoustic wave声波acrylic paint丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion活性腐蚀active earth pressure主动土压力active fault活断层active oxidation活性氧化actual plot ratio实际地积比率actuator促动器；唧筒；激发器adapt改装adaptor适配器；承接器；转接器；addition增设；加建additional building works增补建筑工程additional horizontal force额外横向力additional plan增补图则(附加的平面图) additional vent加设通风口additive添加剂Address地址adhesive黏结剂；胶黏剂adhesive force附着力Adhesive Glue万能胶Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape反光警告贴纸adit入口；通路；坑道口adjacent construction相邻建造物adjacent level相邻水平adjacent site相邻基地adjacent street相邻街道adjoining area毗邻地区adjoining building毗邻建筑物adjoining land毗邻土地adjoining structure毗邻构筑物adjustable可调校Adjustable Wrench Spanner昔士adjuster调节器adjustment调校；调整Administrative Lawsuit行政诉讼Administrative Remedy行政救济admixture掺合剂；外加剂advance directional sign前置指路标志；方向预告标志advance earthworks前期土方工程advance warning sign前置警告标志advance works前期工程aeration曝气aeration tank曝气池aerial天线Aerial mapping航空测图aerial photograph航测照片Aerial photography航照定位aerial rapid transit system高架快速运输系统aerial ropeway高架缆车系统aerial view鸟瞰图aerofoil翼型aerosol悬浮微粒；喷雾aerosphere大气圈affix贴附aftercooler后冷却器afterfilter后过滤器aftershock余震agent作用剂；代理人aggradation堆积aggregate骨材；集料；碎石aggregate area总面积aggregate grading骨材级配aggregate superficial area表面总面积aggregate usable floor space总楼地板空间agitator搅拌器；搅动机air bleeding放气(空气渗出)air blower鼓风机air brake气压制动器Air chambor气室air circuit空气回路air circuit breaker空气断路器air cleaner空气滤清器air compressor空气压缩机air compressor governor空气压缩机调压器air conditioning空气调节air cooled chiller风冷式冷却机air cooler空气冷却器air cooling system空气冷却系统；风冷系统air coupling valve空气联接阀air curtain fan风帘风扇air cylinder气缸；气筒air damper风闸；气流调节器air distribution system配气系统air distributor空气分配器air dryer空气干燥器air duct通风管道；气槽air entrained cement加气水泥；伴沬水泥air entraining agent输气剂air exhaust排气口air filter空气滤器；风隔；隔尘网air filter chamber空气过滤室air flowmeter风量计；空气流量计air gap气隙air grill空气格栅air inlet进风口；进气孔air inlet louver进气百叶air inlet port进气口air intake进风口；进气孔；入气口air intake duct进风槽air intake filter进气过滤器air isolating cock空气隔断旋塞air line breathing apparatus气喉型呼吸器具air line strainer进气管道隔滤器air outlet出风口air outlet grille空气出口栅格air particle空气粒子air passage风道air pipe/pipework通气管；送气管air piston空气活塞air pressure gauge气压表air pressure switch气压闸air pressurization system空气加压系统air receiver空气储存器air reservoir储气缸air restrictor空气节流器air shuttle valve阻气阀air sprayer喷涂器air spring空气弹簧air strainer空气隔滤器；空气滤网air supply outlet供气出口air supply valve供气阀air tank空气箱air valve进出气阀；放气阀air valve pit进出气阀井；放气阀井air vent cock通风管旋塞air ventilator空气通风器air-operated damper气动风闸airshaft通风竖井airtight cover气密盖airy dry varnish风干清漆alarm警报；警报器alarm bell警报钟alarm buzzer警报器alga藻类Alidade照准仪alidate照准仪align对准；调直；定线alignment(road)路线；准线(特指道路中线的位置与方向)alignment plan(road)路线平面图alkali-silica reaction碱硅反应alkaline aggregate reaction碱性集料反应alkaline earth碱性土alkaline pump碱液泵alkaline tank碱液缸alkalinity碱度all-purpose road混合车道；综合车道alley巷allowable load容许载重；容许荷载Allowable pressure容许压力allowable stress容许应力alloy合金alloy steel bar合金钢筋条alluvial deposit冲积土层；冲积物alluvial plain冲积系alteration更改；改建；改动Alternating current交流电alternating current(a.c.)交流电alternative design替代设计alternative route替代路线alternator交流发电机Altimeter高度计Altitude高度；地平纬度；海拔Altitude correction高度修正Altitude error高度误差Altitude-tint legend高程表Aluminium Flat Bar铝扁条aluminium tape铝卷尺aluminum bridge铝桥Aluminum Sheet花铝板amber琥珀amber flashing light黄色闪光灯Ambient周围ambient pressure周围压力ambient temperature环境温度；周围温度amendment修订amenities市容建筑；设施；康乐设施amenity area美化市容地带amenity railing美观栏杆ammeter电流表；安培计Ammonium nitrate硝酸铵Amortisseur减震器Amortization减震Ampere安培（电流单位）ampere(A)安培(电流量单位)Ampere's law安培定律amplification放大；增强Amplifier放大器amplitude幅；振幅Amplitude anomaly振幅异常Analog模拟Analog signal模拟信号Analogue模拟anchor锚；锚竿支撑anchor bearing锚承；锚座anchor bolt锚栓anchor plate锚碇板anchorage锚碇；碇泊区；抛锚区；锚固anchorage length锚固长度anchoring strength锚固强度ancillary building附属建筑物ancillary facilities附属设施ancillary installation附带装置ancillary works附属工程angle cutter角铁切割机angle iron bracket角铁支架；角铁托架Angle of declination偏角Angle of depression俯角Angle of dip倾角Angle of elevation仰角angle of emergence出射角angle of incidence入射角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of internal friction内摩擦角angle of polarization偏极角angle of reflection反射角Angle of refraction折射角angle of rotaion旋转角angle probe斜探头angular velocity角速度annealing退火annunciation lamp警示灯annunciator传播器；呼唤器anode阳极anode voltage阳极电压Anomaly异常antenna天线Anthracite红基煤anti-corrosion paint防腐蚀油漆anti-creep device防溜装置Anti-grease Rubber Gloves防油胶手套anti-lift roller防升滚轮anti-oxidizing paint抗氧化漆anti-rust paint防锈漆anti-skid chequer防滑格纹anti-skid device防滑装置anti-skid dressing防滑钢沙anti-skid material防滑物料anti-slip防滑动；防空转；防打滑anti-static chain抗静电链anti-static tyre抗静电轮胎anti-stripping agent防剥剂anti-syphonage pipe反虹吸作用管anti-tip roller防倾侧滚轮anti-vibration mounting防震装置anti-vibration pad防震垫anticline背斜Antitermite Paint白蚁油anvil铁砧aperture隙缝；壁孔apex顶apparatus仪器；装置；器具；器材appliance用具；装置；设备applied covering外加覆盖物applied load外施荷载(应用的负荷) approach进路；引道；接驳道路；引桥approach channel进港航道；引渠approach ramp引道坡approach road引道；进路approach speed来车速度approach taper楔形引道路段approach viaduct高架引道approved material经核准的物料approved plan经核准的图则appurtenance附属物apron跳板；护板；停机坪arc电弧arc contact电弧触点arc runner电弧滚环arc welding电弧焊接arch拱；弓形；拱门arch bridge拱桥architect建筑师Architect Registration Examination建筑师注册考试(A.R.E)architectural建筑学architectural decoration建筑装饰architectural projection建筑上的伸出物Architecture结构area traffic control system区域交通控制系统argon arc welding氩气焊armature电枢arrangement排列；布置array数组arresting assembly止动装置art paper铜版纸arterial highway干线道路arterial traffic干线交通article of agreement合约细则Articulation清晰度Artifacts人工产品Artificial illumination人工照明Artificial intelligence人工智能artificial lighting人工照明as-built drawing竣工图则as-constructed drawing竣工图则asbestos abatement works石棉拆除工程asbestos cement石棉水泥asbestos gasket石棉垫料aseismic region无震区ash pit排渣槽；灰坑asphalt沥青asphalt distributor沥青喷洒机asphalt paver沥青铺筑机asphalt roofing沥青屋面asphaltic coating沥青涂层asphaltic concrete沥青混凝土asphaltos地沥青aspirator吸气器assemblage组合物assembly装置；组合assessment评估associated works相关工程；相关设施Assorted Cloth各色布仔Assorted Rubber Gloves杂色胶手套Asymptote渐近线at-grade pedestrian crossing地面行人过路处at-grade signal controlled junction交通灯控制地面路口atmospheric distillation常压蒸馏atmospheric pressure大气压力；常压atmospheric temperature常温atomization air fan雾化空气风扇(喷雾空气风扇)attachment附件；附属物attenuation衰减audible signal音响讯号audible warning音响警号Auger Bit长身小林式钻咀Aurora极光Aurora australis南极光Aurora borealis北极光authorities权限authority主管当局authorized officer获授权人员authorized person获授权人；认可人士；核准人士authorized works获授权进行的工程；批准进行的工程Auto-Marking Gauge ST-7521N自动墨斗automatic(spark)ignition device自动(火花)点火装置Automatic control自动控制automatic control switch自动控制开关automatic operation自动操作automatic release自动脱扣automatic voltage regulator自动调压器automatic weather station自动气象站Automatic zero set自动归零automation equipment自动化设备Automobil Putty原子灰auxiliary control panel辅助掣板(附加的控制仪表板)auxiliary equipment辅助设备auxiliary feedwater pump辅助给水泵auxiliary feedwater tank辅助给水箱auxiliary plant辅助厂房auxiliary system辅助系统auxiliary water pump辅助水泵average compressive stress平均压应力average strength平均强度Averaging平均Axe Handle斧头柄axial fan轴流式风扇axial force轴向力axial load轴向载重；轴向荷载axial stress轴向应力Axis of abscissa横坐标轴Axis of ordinate纵坐标轴axis of reference参考轴axis of rotation旋转轴axis of symmetry对称轴axle bearing车轴轴承(车轴啤令)Azimuth bearing方位角azimuth compass方向罗盘Azimuthal angles方位角Back azimuth反方位角back-fire逆火back-up area后勤地区；辅助埸地backfill回填；回填土backfill material回填物料background noise背景噪音backing plate垫板；背板Backsight后视Bad data不良资料Bad earth接地不良baffle隔板；挡板baffle plate遮挡板baffle wall遮挡墙balance tank调节池；均衡槽balance weight平衡锤balanced load平衡载重balancer平冲器Balancing平差Balancing a survey测量平差balancing pipeline平衡水管balcony露台ball bearing滚珠轴承Ball Caster平底波辘Ball Peen Hammer w/handle圆头锤Ball Point Hex Key Set(extra-long)加长波头套庄六角匙ball valve浮球阀；球形阀；波阀ball-and-socket joint球窝接头ballast道碴bamboo bridge竹桥Bamboo Broom竹扫把Bamboo Handle Toilet Brush竹柄鲍鱼刷bamboo scaffolding竹枝棚架band brake带式制动器band clamp带夹banshee alarm尖啸警报bar铁枝；杆；巴(压力量单位)bar tendon钢筋Barbed Wire有棘铁线barging area驳运地点barrack营房barrel管筒；芯管barrette方形桩barricade路障；障碍物barrier栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障barrier block路障barrier gate路闸barrier plate阻挡板Basal plane基面bascule bridge开合式活动吊桥base基座base course路面下层；承重层；路基层base frame基架base insulator基架绝缘器Base level基准面base map底图base plate底板；垫板base sealing底部密封胶base slab平底板base support底座支架Base temperature基础温度baseline基线；底线；基准线baseline programme基线计划basement地库；地窖；地下室Basin盆地batching plant混凝土混和机；配料厂bathmeter深度计Batter level测斜器batter pile斜桩battery蓄电池battery acid level电池酸位battery cell volt蓄电池电压Battery Cells电芯battery charger电池充电器battery electric locomotive电力机车battery electrolyte电池电解液battery-powered device电池推动装置bauxite铝土beacon闪光指示灯bead焊珠beam横梁beam(or girder)bridge梁式桥Beaman arc贝门弧bearing支座；支承；承座；轴承(啤令)；方向角Bearing angle方位角bearing capacity承载力bearing force承重能力；承载能力bearing pad支承垫片；承重垫片bearing pile支承桩bearing pin支承栓钉bearing plate支承垫板bearing stress支承应力bearing surface支承面bedding底层；层理bedplate座板bedrock基层岩behaviour性能；状况Belisha beacon斑马线灯；黄波灯bellow pot气囊；气囊筒belly band安全带belt带；皮带belt conveyor带式输送机belt guard皮带护罩belt tension皮带拉力bend弯角；弯位；路弯；弯管bending force弯曲力bending stress弯曲应力Benkelman beam test贝克曼梁试验bentonite膨润土berm channel斜水平台渠berth停泊处；碇泊位bevel斜角；斜面bias偏移Bias magnetic磁偏bill of quantities工料清单binder黏合料bisectrix等分线bit钻头bitumen沥青bitumen coating沥青外衬(沥青护膜)bitumen felt沥青纸bitumen lining沥青衬里Bitumen Paint腊青油Bitumen Paper腊青纸bituminous concrete沥青混凝土bituminous macadam沥青碎石bituminous waterproof membrane沥青防水膜Black Canvas Hose黑色帆布喉Black Iron Pipe(Class B)B级黑铁喉Black Rubber Gloves黑胶手套Black Steel Strapping黑铁皮Black Welding Glass黑玻璃blade剪刀；叶片blank flange盲板法兰；盲板凸缘；管口盖板blanking plate封板blast-furnace鼓风炉blast-furnace slag cement炉渣水泥blasting爆石；爆破bleed nipple放气嘴；减压嘴bleed off pipe溢流管bleed screw放气螺钉；减压螺钉bleeding泌浆(混凝土)；泌水性(混凝土) blended cement混合水泥blending control混合控制blinding补路石砂；(填充表面孔隙的细石) blinds百叶窗block plan楼宇平面图(地盘图)blow down放水；放气blow down valve放泄阀；排水阀blower吹风机；鼓风机Blue Pencil#1276蓝铅笔Blue Powder蓝淀粉bobbin绕线管Body belts w/cert.救生绳连证书bogie转向架boiler room锅炉房boiling point沸点bollard护柱；系船柱bollard light安全岛指示灯bollard plinth护柱柱基；护柱基座bolster承枕；横撑bolt螺栓Bolt Cutter蛇头剪Bolts and Nuts螺丝类bond黏结；黏合；契约bond coat黏合层bond strength黏合强度bond stress黏合应力boom吊杆booster pump增压泵booster pumping station增压抽水站booster transformer增压变压器booster water pump增压水泵；增压抽水机borated water storage tank含硼水贮存箱border link边境连接道路border terminus过境终站bore钻孔；内孔bored pile螺旋钻孔桩bored tunnel钻挖的隧道borehole log钻孔纪录boric acid硼酸boring钻探；冲孔boring machine钻探机；镗床borrow area采泥区；采料区BOT(Build-Operate Transfer)兴建营运转移bottleneck樽颈；狭窄段bottom heave底部隆bottom layer底层bottom plate底板bottom simulating reflector(BSR)海底仿拟反射器bottom-hole pressure井底压力boulder巨砾boundary分界线；界线box bridge箱型桥box culvert盒形排水渠；盒形暗渠；箱形暗渠；方形去水渠box girder箱形大梁brace撑杆；支撑braced structure受横向支撑的结构bracing支撑bracing structure支撑结构bracket托架；支架braid编织电缆brake制动器brake horse power制动马力brake lining制动器摩擦衬片brake pedal剎车踏板brake system制动系统brake test制动器试验brake tester制动系统测试器braking distance制动距离；剎车距离branch circuit分支电路branch pipe/pipework支管；分支喉管Brass Caliper铜身卡尺Brass Flat Bar铜扁条brass gate valve黄铜闸阀Brass Padlock w/key同匙铜锁Brass Straight Nozzle消防铜射咀brass wire brush铜丝刷break pressure tank减压配水缸箱；水压调节池breaker轧碎机；碎石机；隔断器；开关闸；断路器；保险掣breaking strength抗断强度breakthrough击穿breakwater防波堤breather通气孔；呼吸器breather valve通气阀breathing apparatus呼吸器具brick砖brick bridge砖桥Brick Reinforcement砖墙网Brick Reinforcement Mesh砖网brick works砌砖工程brickwork砖块bridge桥梁bridge abutment桥台bridge crane桥式吊机bridge deck桥面板；桥板；桥面bridge girder桥大梁bridge pier桥墩bridgeworks桥梁工程Bright spot亮点Brightness亮度Brown Paper鸡皮纸BS916Hex Bolts&Nuts BS916英制六角螺丝带母(丝闩)bubble accumulator气泡贮存器Bubble effect气泡效应bucket conveyor斗式输送机buckling压曲；压弯buckling load压曲临界荷载buffer缓冲；缓冲器；减震器buffer area缓冲地区build,operate and transfer(BOT)franchise 「建造、营运及移交」专营权builder's lift施工用升降机building建筑物；大厦building area建筑面积building condition楼宇状况building construction建筑物建造；建筑营造building design建筑物设计；建筑设计building envelope建筑物外壳building frontage建筑物正面building land屋地；屋子建筑用地building material建筑物料building plan建筑图则Building Planning建筑计划building services建筑设备building site屋宇建筑地盘；工地Building Technology建筑技术building works屋宇建筑工程；楼宇建筑工程bulk density容积密度bulk excavation works大型挖掘工程bulk modulus体积弹性系数bulldozer推土机；铲泥车bump(road)限速路面突块bumper缓冲器；防撞器；防撞杠bunch捆扎bund壆；田基；堤壆bund wall壆墙bundled area堤壆保护区buoyant force浮力burglar alarm system防盗警报系统buried concrete埋入地下的混凝土burner燃烧器；炉头bursting爆裂bus interchange巴士转车处bus stop shelter巴士站遮盖物bus terminus巴士总站bus-bar导电条；母线(汇流条)bus-coupler母线联接bush轴衬(杯士)butt fusion welding对头熔接butt welding对焊butterfly cock蝶形旋阀butterfly gate蝶形闸butterfly valve蝶形阀buttress支墩buzzer蜂音器；蜂鸣器by-pass绕道；支路；支管；旁通管by-pass valve旁通阀Byte字节cab小室；驾驶室cabinet小室；贮存柜cable电缆cable channel电缆沟；电缆槽cable conduit电缆管cable coupler电缆耦合器Cable Cutter威也钳cable draw pit电缆沙井；铺缆井cable duct电缆管道cable gland电缆密封套cable joint电缆接头cable laying wagon电缆敷设车cable lead电缆引线cable route电缆路线cable supported viaduct悬索高架桥cable suspension bridge钢索吊桥cable trench电缆槽cable trough电缆坑cable trunk电缆干线cable tunnel电缆隧道cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥；斜张桥cage机厢caisson沉箱caisson cap沉箱盖caisson foundation沉箱地基；沉箱基础caisson pier沉箱墩caisson pile沉箱桩caisson retaining wall沉箱挡土墙caisson wall沉箱墙Calibrate校准Calibrating device校准器calibration校准Calibration constant校准常数Calibration instrument校准仪caliper measure测径calorie(cal)卡路里(热量单位)calorific value热值calorifier加热器cam凸轮camber拱度(成弧形)candela(cd)烛光(发光强度单位)canister respirator罐型防毒面具canopy雨遮cantilever悬臂cantilever beam悬臂梁cantilever bridge悬臂桥cantilever crane悬臂吊机cantilever footing悬臂基脚cantilever foundation悬臂地基cantilever support悬臂支架canvas帆布canvas belt帆布带cap帽；盖Capacitance电容capacitance meter电容表Capacitivity电容率capacitor电容器capacity容量；载客量capacity control valve容量控制阀Capillarity毛细作用Capillary pressure毛细压力capital works基本建设工程；基建工程；carbon brush碳刷Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher二氧化碳灭火筒carbon pile碳柱carbon ring碳环carbon steel含碳钢carbon strip碳条carbonation碳化carbonation depth碳化深度carbonation process碳化过程carbonhydrate碳水化合物carborundum金刚砂carburettor化油器；气化器cargo handling area货物装卸区Carpenter Hammer w/handle木工锤Carpenter Pencil木工笔carriageway行车道carriageway marking行车道标记Carry进位carrying capacity运载量；载重量；承载能力Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标；直角坐标cartridge子弹；弹药筒cartridge operated tool弹药推动的工具cartridge type respirator滤罐型呼吸器；筒型防毒面具（猪咀）casing套管cast iron铸铁；生铁cast iron conductor铸铁导管Cast Iron Electrode铸铁焊支cast iron pipe铸铁管(生铁管)cast-in anchorage浇注锚固cast-in-place灌注；现场浇筑cast-in-place(CIP)场铸式cast-in-situ concrete unit现场浇筑混凝土构件casting basin预制品工场Castor with stopper棚架辘casualty team意外事件小组cat ladder便梯；爬梯catalytic action催化作用catch挡片；制止器；扣掣；门扣catch fan扇形防护网架catch fence拦截围墙catch platform坠台Catcher抓贝catchment area集水区；引集范围catchpit排水井；集水坑；截流井catchwater channel集水槽catenary wire吊索cathode阴极cathode ray tube(CRT)阴极射线管cathodic protection阴极保护catwalk跳板；轻便梯；轻便栈桥caulk填缝Caulking Gun油灰鎗caulking material填隙料causeway堤道(长堤)caution sign警告标志cavern洞穴cavity中空部分；穴cavity wall空心墙ceiling天花板ceiling slab天花板ceiling suspension hook天花吊celestial eqquator天球赤道Celestial equator天体赤道Celestial pole天极cell电池cellular office分格式办公室cement水泥cement content水泥含量cement mortar水泥沙浆cement plaster水泥灰泥cement rendering水泥荡面(水泥刷面) cement sand mix水泥沙浆cementitious content水泥成分Center of curvature曲率中心Center of gravity重心Centesimal graduation百分度centi(c)厘(百分之一)Centigrade百分度；摄氏温度Centimeter-gram-second system公分-公克-秒单位制central divider中央分隔栏central dividing strip中央分隔带central line中线central median中央分隔带central power-driven machine中央动力机械Central processing unit中央处理机central profile barrier中央纵向护栏central reserve中央预留带central span中跨距(中心跨距)centre lane中行车线(中央车道)centre line中心线centre line of street街道中心线centrifugal filter离心过滤器centrifugal force离心力centrifugal load离心荷载centrifugal pump离心泵centripetal force向心力ceramic tile瓷砖certificate证明书certificate of inspection检查证明书certificate of registration注册证明书；登记证明书certification核证Certification Standards建筑师的认证标准certified copy经核证文本certify核证cesspool污水池chain链chain block滑车吊链；链动滑轮(链滑车) Chain Saw电动链锯chainage丈量长度；里程距离chainlink fence扣环围栏；铁网围栏Chalk粉笔Chalk Brush粉刷chamber小室；间隔chamfer去角(斜角)位；斜削chandelier水晶灯change-over switch转换开关change-over valve转换阀channel沟渠；线糟；槽；渠道；频道channel cover槽盖Channel wave槽波channelization(traffic)(交通)导流channelizing island导行岛channelizing line导行线Chaos theory混沌论Character特性；字符Characteristic特性；特征characteristic strength特征强度Charge炸药；电荷Chart图表chart datum海图基准面chart recorder图表记录器chassis车身底盘check查核check block挡块check joint止回接头check mechanism制动装置check plate垫板；挡板check rail护轮轨check screw止动螺钉check valve止回流阀chemical action化学作用chemical dosing化学剂量chemical grout化学灌浆Chemical Materials化工物料类chemical property化学特性chemical refuse化学垃圾chemical test化学测试chemicals化学品chequered plate网纹板chill plate冷却板chilled air fan冷风风扇chilled water pump冷冻水泵chiller冷冻机chiller plant致冷设备；制冷设备chimney烟沟；烟chimney coping烟囱盖顶chimney stack烟囱Chinese Ink大墨汁Chinese Pen毛笔Chipping Hammer w/handle敲锈锤chippings碎屑；破片chisel凿chloride氯化物chloride content氯化物含量chloride diffusion氯化物扩散chloride extraction除氯chloride ion氯离子chloride ion content氯离子含量chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(PVC-C)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated water加有氯气的水chlorinator加氯器chopper斩波器；截波器chunam灰泥土批荡chute溜槽；滑道；槽管ciffusion coefficient扩散系数circuit电路；环道circuit breaker断路保险掣circular footing圆基脚circular road环回道路Circular Saw Blade(Carbide Tipped)40T钻石介木碟circulating water pump循环水泵circulation mode循环模式circumferential road环回道路civil works土木工程cladding骨架外墙；覆盖层claim声称；申索；索偿clamp夹钳claplock cable clamp拍扣式电缆线夹clast碎屑；岩粒Clathrate天然气水化合物Claw Hammer w/handle羊角锤clay黏土clay field pipe瓦管Clay Picks Head番钉头Clay Picks w/handle番钉连柄Cleaner洁厕得cleaning eye清理孔Cleaning Pad快洁布cleaning rod清理棒cleansing洁净clear effective length净有效长度clear height净高clear opening净开口clear space净空间clear span净跨距clear width净宽度clearance相距空间；(净空) clearance gauge测隙规clearance space间隙空间cleat夹具clevis U形夹client委托人climb form technique提升模板技术climbing lane爬坡车道climofunction气候因素Clinographic curve坡度曲线Clinometer测斜器clip小夹close fitting cover紧合封盖close fittings紧合配件close-boarded platform密合封板平台Close-up闭合closed area禁区closed circuit television(CCTV)闭路电视closed end不能通行的一端closed position闭合的位置Closed traverse闭合导线Closing error闭合误差closure封闭Closure error闭合误差cloverleaf interchange四叶式交汇处；蝶式交汇处clutch离合器co-ordinator统筹人Coagulation凝结Coal红基煤coal-tar epoxy环氧煤焦油coarse aggregate粗骨料coarse screening粗筛Coast line海岸线Coastal deposits海岸堆积coating保护层；涂层coating material涂盖物质cock旋塞；旋阀Coconut Brush Broom椰衣扫Code address编码地址Code language代码语言code of practice工作守则；操作守则code reader读码器Coded data编码数据Coded message编码信息Coder编码器；编码员Coding编码；译码Coding rule编码规则coefficient系数Coefficient of correction校正系数Coefficient of correlation对比系数Coefficient of damping阻尼系数coefficient of elasticity弹性系数coefficient of expansion膨胀系数Coefficient of extension伸延系数coefficient of internal friction内摩擦系数coefficient of linear expansion线性膨胀系数coefficient of refraction折射系数Coefficient of safety安全系数coefficient of thermal diffusion热扩散系数coefficient of transmissibility可传性系数cofferdam围堰坝cohesive force黏合力；凝聚力coil线圈；簧圈；盘管cold milling刨去路面旧沥青cold reduced steel wire冷轧钢丝cold solvent welding冷冻溶剂焊接cold storage冷藏库collapse坍塌collapsible cantilever platform可折悬臂平台collapsible gate折闸collar护圈；束套；套环Collateral data附属数据collet套爪；筒夹Collimated平行Collimation瞄准；平行校正collimation axis视准轴collimation error视准误差collimation line视准线collimation plane视准面collimator视准仪Collision碰撞Collision zone板块碰撞带colluvial deposit崩积土层Color code色码Color display彩色展示Color plates色版Color processing彩色处理Color Rags什布仔Color sensation色感Coloration着色；彩色colour code色码colour light signal颜色灯号coloured cement颜色水泥column柱column cap柱帽column footing柱基脚column frame柱架column head柱头Combination组合Combination Plier平咀钳Combination Slip-Joint Plier鲤鱼钳Combination Wrench令梗Combination Wrench Set套庄令梗combined dead load组合恒载combined effect混合效应combined footing联合基脚combined load合并载重combustible goods可燃物品combustible material可燃烧物料combustion燃烧combustion chamber燃烧室commencement of operation开始操作commercial building商业建筑物commercial complex商场commercial land商业用地commercial use商业用途commissioning启用；投产；投入服务；开始使用；开始运作commitment承担common corridor公用走廊Common mode同型common part公用部分Common Round Iron Nails普通圆铁钉common use共同使用common waste pipe共用废水管communal facilities公用设施communication channel/link通讯渠道communication system通讯系统commutator整流器commuter通勤者compacted concrete压实混凝土compaction压实；夯实compaction pile压实桩compaction test压实测试compartment分隔室compartment wall分隔墙Compass罗盘Compass azimuth罗盘方位角Compass bearing罗盘方位Compass declination磁偏角compatibility相配；相容compensating valve补偿阀compensation补偿；补偿金competent person符合资格人士；有资格人士Compiler编绎程序complement补充设备Complement address补码地址Complement angle余角Complementary angle余角complete function test全面功能试验complete fusion完全熔接complete overhaul全面大修completed works已完成的工程compliance遵从composite beam组合梁composite building综合用途建筑物composite pile混合桩composite sandwich construction复合夹层结构composite steel plate复合钢板composite wall组合墙composition成分compound场地；合成物comprehensive details全面细节；整体细节comprehensive development area综合发展区comprehensive redevelopment area综合重建区comprehensive transport interchange facilities综合交通交汇设施comprehensive transport study整体运输研究compressed air压缩空气compressed air tunnelling method压缩空气开挖隧道法compressed gas压缩气体Compressibility压缩系数compressing tool压挤工具compression压缩compression joint承压接缝compression load压缩荷载compression reinforcement受压钢筋compression test抗压测试compressional anticline挤压背斜compressional fold挤压褶皱compressive failure压缩塌毁；压缩毁坏compressive strength抗压强度compressive stress抗压应力compressor压缩机computer aided design(CAD)facilities电脑辅助设计设施computer graphics电脑绘图Computer language计算器语言computerized automatic concrete cubecrushing machine电脑化混凝土立方块压力试验机concave凹形concealed piping隐藏喉管concentrated load集中载重；集中荷载concept plan概念图conceptual layout概念规划concrete混凝土；三合土concrete barrier混凝土防撞栏concrete block混凝土趸concrete block seawall混凝土海堤Concrete Brick沙砖concrete bridge混凝土桥concrete buffer混凝土缓冲壆Concrete Chisel石矢尖凿concrete core混凝土芯concrete cover混凝土保护层concrete cube混凝土立方块concrete cube test混凝土立方体试验concrete durability混凝土耐久性concrete foundation混凝土基础concrete grade混凝土等级concrete lining混凝土搪层；混凝土衬里concrete mix混凝土混合物；混凝土拌合料concrete mixer混凝土混合机；混凝土搅拌机concrete mixing plant混凝土拌合厂concrete paving block混凝土铺路砖concrete pile混凝土桩concrete pipe混凝土管concrete plinth混凝土基脚concrete pour works混凝土浇灌工程concrete profile barrier混凝土纵向护栏concrete re-alkalization混凝土再碱性化concrete sample混凝土样本concrete slab混凝土板concrete sleeper混凝土轨枕concrete spalling混凝土剥落Concrete Stones石仔concrete strength混凝土强度concrete stress混凝土应力concrete structure混凝土结构；混凝土建造物concrete technology混凝土科技；混凝土工艺concrete test混凝土测试concrete vibrator混凝土震捣器(混凝土振动器)concrete wall混凝土墙concreting灌注混凝土condensation冷凝condenser冷凝器；电容器condition条件﹔状况conductance导率Conductibitily导电性Conducting stratum导电层conduction传导Conductive body导体conductive part导电部分conductivity导电性conductor导体；导线conduit管道；导管cone锥形筒Confidence可信度configuration构形(结构)confined space密封空间confining stress局限应力confirmatory test验证测试Conjunction交集Connected to ground接地connection接驳；连接；接驳处connector接驳器；连接器Connectors(Long Huts)镀锌公英制牙条长驳母consecutive test result连续测试结果consent同意conservation of energy节约能源conservatory温室consideration代价Consistency一致性console控制台consolidate加固consolidating stratum固结地层(巩固地层) consolidation沉积；固结consolidation coefficient固结系数consolidation test固结试验conspicuous place显眼地方conspicuous position显眼位置Constant of gravitation万有引力常数construction建造；建筑结构；构造construction cost建筑成本；建筑价格；建筑费用；造价construction joint施工接缝；施工缝construction plant施工设备construction road施工用道路construction sequence施工程序；施工步骤construction site vehicle建筑基地车辆construction stage施工阶段construction works建造工程consultant顾问consultant fee顾问费consultation谘询consumer用户container贮存器；货柜containment防漏contaminate污染Contamination污染contamination monitoring system污染监测系统Continental shelf大陆棚contingency plan应急计划；应变计划contingency sum额外预算费Continuation延伸continuity连续性continuity test连续性测试continuous barrier连续护栏continuous beam连续梁continuous bridge连续式桥梁continuous covered elevated walkway system 直通有盖高架行人路系统continuous footing连续基脚；条型基础continuous load连续荷载contour map等值线图contour walk依地势建筑的小径contra-flow反方向行车contract合约；合同contract description合约说明contract document合约文件contract drawing合约图则contract payment合约支付款项contract period合约期contract sum合约金额contraction coefficient收缩系数contraction crack收缩裂缝contraction joint收缩接缝contractor承建商；建筑商contractor shed承建商屋棚contractor yard承建商工地contractual claim按合约索偿(契约的要求) contractual obligation合约订明的责任contravention违反contribution分担费用control管制control cable操纵缆control console操纵台；控制台control gear控制器control kiosk控制站control panel控制电箱；控制盘Control point控制点Control signal控制信号control station控制站control switch控制电掣control valve控掣阀controlled area管制区Controller控制器Convection对流conversion factor换算系数converter变流器convex凸形convey输送conveyor输送机；输送器Cooker Switch铁曲架制coolant冷却剂cooling agent冷却剂cooling coil冷却盘管cooling fan冷却风扇cooling fan blade散热扇片cooling fin散热片；冷却片cooling rib冷却肋片cooling system冷却系统cooling tank冷却池cooling tower冷却水塔cooling water pump冷却水泵coordinate angle坐标角coordinate axis坐标轴coordinate plane标轴面。
关于仿生建筑的例子双语
关于仿生建筑的例子双语1.In Order To Enlighten The Architectural Creation，As Well As To Satisfy The Sustainable Development And The Ecological Equivalence For The City Environment，The Bionic Architecture Is An Important Ecology And Social Ecosystem With The Architectural Technique.建筑仿生学是根据自然生态与社会生态规律，并结合建筑科学技术特点而进行综合应用的科学。
2.Inspiration From Nature--Bionic Structure Aesthetics灵感从自然中来——仿生建筑结构美学3.Orient And Occidental Architecture Imitating And Analogizing Differentia Compare And Development Research;中西方建筑仿生差异比较与发展研究4.By Biological Modeling Element In China Architectural Design Application;论仿生元素在中国建筑设计中的应用5.It Is An Aladdin's Cave For Students Of Architecture.这是建筑学学生的宝库。
6.A Tract: Bionic Architecture Becomes A New Tendency In The Late20 Th Century.建筑仿生已成为一种新时代潮流，也是建筑文化的新课题。
7.Mr XuZhong S Educational Philosophy Of Architecture, And The Architectural Department Of TianJin University;徐中先生的建筑教育思想与天津大学建筑学系8.The Relation Of The Connection Of Geomantic Omen Theory, The Sight Architecture And The Construction Bionomics;传统风水理论与景观建筑学、建筑生态学之关系9.The Magic Arts Nature Great Significance:Plastic Arts Of Bionic Architecture道法自然意味隽永——仿生建筑的造型艺术cational Mode Of Architectural And Urban Design Based On Simulation Technology建筑与城市设计专业的虚拟仿真教学模式探索11.The Relationship Between The Architecture Ecological Aesthetics And The Sustainable Development;建筑生态美学与建筑的可持续发展关系12.The Quality－Oriented Education In The Teaching Of The Course Of The History Of Chinese Architecture;论《中国建筑史》课程与建筑专业学生的素质教育13.Tactics To Improve The College Students' Architectural Design Abilities Of Architectural Decoration Specialty浅议建筑装饰专科学生建筑设计能力的培养14.Eco-Architecture, Emerging From The Integration Of Traditional Architectural Philosophy And Ecological Rationale;生态建筑学:传统建筑学思想与生态学理念融合的结晶15.At A Technical College Students Learn Such Subjects As Engineering,Building,Etc.在技校，学生学习诸如工程、建筑等课程。
有关仿生建筑的英语作文
有关仿生建筑的英语作文标题，Exploring the Future: Biomorphic Architecture。
In recent years, the field of architecture haswitnessed a remarkable shift towards biomorphic design principles, drawing inspiration from nature to create innovative and sustainable structures. This emerging trend, known as biomorphic architecture, seeks to integrateorganic forms, functions, and processes into the built environment, offering a glimpse into the future of sustainable design. In this essay, we will delve into the concept of biomorphic architecture, its principles, benefits, and examples, exploring its potential to revolutionize the way we inhabit and interact with our surroundings.Biomorphic architecture takes cues from biological systems, embracing principles of sustainability, efficiency, and adaptability. By mimicking the shapes, patterns, and processes found in nature, architects and designers aim tocreate buildings that harmonize with their environmentwhile enhancing the well-being of occupants. This approach not only reduces the environmental impact of constructionbut also fosters a deeper connection between humans and the natural world.One of the key principles of biomorphic architecture is biomimicry, the practice of emulating nature's designs and strategies to solve human challenges. From the lotus-inspired roof of the Singapore ArtScience Museum to the termite mound-inspired Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe, biomimetic designs have proven to be both aesthetically striking and functionally efficient. By studying the waysin which organisms regulate temperature, optimize structure, and conserve resources, architects can develop innovative solutions for energy-efficient building design, ventilation systems, and material selection.Moreover, biomorphic architecture emphasizes the use of sustainable materials and construction techniques,prioritizing renewable resources and minimizing waste. Bamboo, for example, is a versatile and rapidly renewablematerial that has been used in projects such as the Green School in Bali, showcasing its strength, flexibility, and eco-friendly properties. Similarly, 3D printing technology has enabled the creation of intricate structures inspired by natural forms, such as the "Hy-Fi" tower constructed from organic mushroom-based materials.In addition to environmental benefits, biomorphic architecture prioritizes human well-being by creating spaces that promote health, comfort, and productivity. Biophilic design principles, which integrate natural elements into the built environment, have been shown to reduce stress, increase productivity, and enhance creativity. Features such as green roofs, indoor gardens, and natural lighting not only improve air quality and thermal comfort but also foster a sense of connection to the outdoors, supporting overall health and well-being.Furthermore, biomorphic architecture encourages a holistic approach to urban planning, envisioning cities as living ecosystems that interact harmoniously with their inhabitants and surroundings. Concepts such as verticalgardens, urban forests, and pedestrian-friendly design aim to create sustainable, resilient urban environments that prioritize human-scale development and biodiversity. Projects like the Bosco Verticale in Milan and the High Line in New York City exemplify this approach, transforming disused urban spaces into vibrant green corridors that promote biodiversity and community engagement.In conclusion, biomorphic architecture represents a paradigm shift in the field of design, harnessing the power of nature to create sustainable, resilient, and human-centered built environments. By embracing biomimicry, sustainable materials, and biophilic design principles, architects and designers can pave the way for a more harmonious relationship between humanity and the natural world. As we continue to face pressing challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and urbanization, biomorphic architecture offers a beacon of hope for a more sustainable and regenerative future. Through innovation, collaboration, and a deep respect for the wisdom of nature, we can unlock the full potential of biomorphic architecture to shape a better world for generations to come.。
Ecole Polytechnique F ed erale
Digesting Anomalies An Investment
• Investment :I
Ai1=Ii0
• Investment entails quadratic adjustment costs:
(a/2)(Ii0/Ai0) 2 Ai0
An economic model
• The first principle for consumption:
_x001A__x001B_1_x001B__x001B_ =(Pi1+Di1)/Pi0=Πi1Ai1/E0[M1Πi1
Ai1]=Πi1/E0[M1Πi1]
So
then implies
Implications
• Taking the expectation on both sides of 1 = Πi1 /(1+a(Ii0/Ai0) yields:
• ROE increases from −0.80% to 5.00% per
quarter.
3.2.1 Earnings momentum (SUE-1) and price momentum (R6-6)
Result:
• 4 significant alphas in the Fama-French model
• This equation predicts that, all else equal, high investment stocks should
earn lower expected returns than low investment stocks earn, and that, all
• Earnings momentum
• Price momentum
which are classic anomalies to the Fama-French model.
介绍一种已经失去功能的建筑英语作文
The Decline of an Iconic BuildingAs time marches onward, the face of cities transforms, leaving behind a trail of once-grand edifices that have lost their original functionality. Among these, the once-thriving [Insert Building Name], a testament to a bygone era, stands as a silent witness to the shifting sands of history.[Insert Building Name] was once a beacon of [Insert Original Function], a symbol of [Insert Era or Period]'s grandeur and prosperity. Its towering facade, adorned with intricate carvings and designs, spoke volumes about the craftsmanship and vision of its builders. Its interior, filled with opulent features and amenities, catered to the needs of a society that valued luxury and grandeur.However, as the decades passed and society progressed, the needs and tastes of the people changed. New technologies emerged, and the old ways of doing things became obsolete. [Insert Building Name] gradually lost its relevance, as newer, more modern structures took over its role. Its original function became redundant, and it wasgradually abandoned, left to the mercy of time and the elements.Today, [Insert Building Name] stands as a shell of its former glory. Its once-bright facade is now weathered and faded, its intricate carvings eroded by the relentless hands of time. The interior, once a haven of luxury, is now a shadow of its former self, with most of its features and amenities having been stripped away.Despite its current state, [Insert Building Name] remains a powerful reminder of the past. It is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of human civilization, showing how even the most grand and opulent edifices can be rendered obsolete by the march of progress. It also serves as a cautionary tale, a reminder of the importance of preserving our cultural heritage and the stories it holds. Efforts have been made to restore and preserve [Insert Building Name], but its lost functionality remains a challenge. Some suggest converting it into a museum or cultural center, while others argue for a more sympathetic approach that respects its original form and function.Whatever the future holds for this iconic building, its place in history will always be secure.**已失去功能的标志性建筑**随着时代的推移，城市的面貌日新月异，那些曾经辉煌的建筑物逐渐失去了原有的功能，成为历史变迁的见证者。
造飞机模型的英语作文
造飞机模型的英语作文Title: Building an Airplane Model。
Building an airplane model is not merely a hobby; it's an intricate craft that demands patience, precision, and creativity. From selecting the right materials to mastering the art of assembly, constructing an airplane model is a journey that enthusiasts embark on with passion and dedication.To begin with, selecting the appropriate materials is crucial. The choice of materials can significantly impact the outcome of the model. Typically, balsa wood, plastic, and metal are the primary materials used in airplane model construction. Each material offers unique properties and challenges, thus requiring careful consideration. Balsa wood, for instance, is lightweight and easy to carve, making it ideal for crafting delicate components such as wings and fuselage. Plastic, on the other hand, offers versatility and durability, making it suitable forproducing intricate details and structural components. Lastly, metal components provide strength and stability, essential for supporting the model's overall structure.Once the materials are chosen, the construction process can commence. It often begins with meticulously studying the blueprints or reference images of the chosen aircraft model. Understanding the intricacies of the real aircraftis vital for accurately replicating its features in the model. From the curvature of the wings to the placement of the engines, attention to detail is paramount.Next comes the assembly phase, where precision is key. Every component must be cut, shaped, and assembled with utmost accuracy to ensure the model's integrity. This phase requires patience and steady hands as even the slightest error can affect the model's appearance and performance. Techniques such as sanding, gluing, and painting are employed to refine the model's finish and enhance its realism.As the model takes shape, creativity comes into play.Enthusiasts often personalize their models by adding custom details such as decals, insignias, and weathering effects. These touches not only enhance the model's aesthetic appeal but also imbue it with character and authenticity.Beyond the construction phase, displaying the finished model is a source of pride for enthusiasts. Whether showcased in a display case or suspended from the ceiling, the completed model serves as a testament to the builder's skill and passion for aviation.In conclusion, building an airplane model is a labor of love that requires a combination of technical expertise and artistic flair. From selecting the right materials to mastering intricate assembly techniques, every step of the process contributes to the creation of a masterpiece that celebrates the beauty of flight. So, if you're looking for a rewarding hobby that challenges your creativity and attention to detail, consider building an airplane model—it's an experience like no other.。
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a rXiv:h ep-ph/6626v119J un26Anomaly for Model Building Utpal Sarkar Physical Research Laboratory,Ahmedabad 380009,India Abstract A simple algorithm to calculate the group theory factor entering in anomalies at four and six dimensions for SU(N)and SO(N)groups in terms of the Casimir invariants of their subgroups is presented.Explicit examples of some of the lower dimensional representations of SU (n ),n ≤5and SO(10)groups are presented,which could be used for model building in four and six dimensions.The consistency of any gauge theory requires that the sum of anomalies [1]due to all the fermions present in the theory should cancel.The anomaly cancellation is necessary because any classical symmetry is broken by quan-tum effects in the presence of anomaly.In other words,any gauge theory with non-vanishing anomaly is non-renormalizable[2].In the standard model of electroweak interactions,the fermion content is just right to make the theory anomaly free.In any extensions of the standard model,particularly the ones which introduces additional gauge symmetry, the most severe constraints come from the anomaly cancellation conditions. Anomaly plays crucial roles in theories of dimension higher than four.Since all representations in odd dimensions contains both left and right chiralfields, there is no anomaly.But in dimensions six,eight or ten,any theory has to cancel higher dimensional anomalies.In higher dimensional theories if the space is compactified in an orbifold,then the orbifold compactification also lead to anomaly at thefixed points.Consistency of such theories then require that the brane anomalies at thefixed points should vanish.Fermions in the loop contributes to anomaly.So,in non-supersymmetric theories the fermion representations are constrained by anomaly.But in supersymmetric theories,any chiral superfield would contribute to anomalies. So,the superfields containing both the scalar and fermion representations are constrained by the anomaly cancellation requirement.The cancellation of anomaly is thus an integral part of constructing any consistent model in four or higher dimensions.It is thus important to know the group theory factor of any representation contributing to anomaly in four or higher dimensions.In four dimensions one needs to calculate the triangle anomaly,while at six dimensions it is a box anomaly and at eight dimensions it is pentagon anomaly.These group theory factors for higher groups become difficult to calculate.There are rigorous methods for searching anomanly free theories that are used usually[3].In this article we present a simple algorithm to calculate the group theory factor appearing in the expression for anomaly2in four and six dimensions for Lie groups,which could be useful for model building.In four dimensions,if the fermions belong to a representation R of G,then the group factor in the expression for anomaly can be written in terms of the generators T a(R1)for this representation R1of G.Then the contributions of fermions in a representation R r to anomaly will be proportional toA=tr[T a(R r)T b(R r)T c(R r)].(1)3We shall use the notation n A to represent anomalies,so that triangle anomaly in four dimensional theories is represented by n=3;box anomaly in six dimensions with n=4and pentagon anomaly in eight dimensions by n=5.In general,n=d/2+1for anomaly in a d-dimensional theory and the group factor for fermions or chiral superfields in a representation R r entering in the expression for anomaly is given byA=tr R r T n=tr[T a1(R r)T a2(R r)···T an(R r)].(2)nIn four dimensions this anomaly factor for all the fermions or all the su-perfields should cancel for consistency.In higher dimensional theories one should apply this factor with caution.Consider a six dimensional orbifold model[4,5],compactified on R4×T2/Z2.There will be four dimensional anomaly at thefixed points and also the six dimensional anomaly at the bulk.If the gauge group in the bulk is G and at thefixed points only the group H acts,then the only non-vanishing anomaly at thefixed points will be restricted to the subgroup H of G.The brane anomalies are also associated with the parities that acts on thefields due to the action of the discrete Z2symmetry.So,the choice of parity to break N=2supersymmetry to N=1supersymmetry implies that the spinor in a vector superfield and spinor in a scalar superfield contribute to anomalies with opposite sign.There is another difference in anomalies at six dimensions.In some cases there are contributions of the formA red=(tr R r T2)23in addition to the usual tr R)r T4terms.This factorized contributions,also known as reducible anomalies,does not have any analogy in four dimen-sions and could be cancelled by introducing antisymmetric tensorfields and utilizing the Green-Schwarz mechanism.We shall thus calculate the group factor for the irreducible anomaly contributions,given by4A.Since there are no independent4th order invariants for the groups SU(2)and SU(3)and tr R r T4=(tr R r T2)2,we shall not present4A for these two groups.In the present approach all invariants are calculated in terms of invariants of the subgroups.Consider the subgroupG1×G2⊂G,(3)where G2=U(1)is an abelian subgroup of G.We can then decompose any representations of G under G1×G2subgroup asR=i(r i,f i)(4) where f i are the U(1)quantum numbers of G2.For any group SU(m)we can write down the decomposition of the fundamental m dimensional repre-sentation under the subgroup SU(m−1)×U(1)asm=(m−1,1)+(1,−m+1).(5)The second numbers1and(−m+1)are the U(1)quantum numbers in this ing the product decomposition formulas we canfind out the decomposition of all other representations of SU(m)under the subgroup SU(m−1)×U(1).We can then use the formulas3A(R)=iT2(r i)·f i4A(R)=i 3A(r i)·f inA(R)=i (n−1)A(r i)·f i(6)4to calculate the anomalies for the representation R of the group G in terms of the invariants of the subgroup G1×G2.For verification of the results we also use the formulasnA(R)=i nA(r i).(7)For completeness we also present a couple of useful relationsnA(R1+R2)=n A(R1)+n A(R2)nA(R1×R2)=n A(R1)D(R2)+n A(R2)D(R1).(8) Thus by writing down the decomposition of any representation under its sub-group containing a U(1)factor,it will be possible to calculate the irreducible group factor entering in the expression for anomalies.For the cancellation of anomalies in any theory,we require only this factor and hence these results will be extremely useful while building models in many extensions of the standard model.Let usfirst consider the group SU(2).Since all representations are pseudo-real,all four dimensions triangle anomalies vanishes.There are also no fourth order invariants and hence we have to worry only about the quadratic Casimir invariants.For the group SU(2)the quadratic Casimir invariants are given byT2(N)=(N−1)/2i=−(N−1)/2|i|2(9)for an N dimensional representation.We shall next consider the group SU(3).The fourth order invariants are again absent and hence we have to compute the quadratic Casimir in-variants and the triangle anomalies for the different ing the decompositions of the representations of SU(3)under SU(2)×U(1)as5Table1:Quadratic Casimir invariant and triangle anomalies of SU(3).There are also no4th order invariants.R r Index(l)3ATable2:Anomalies for the group SU(4).R r Index(l)3A4ATable3:Anomalies for the group SU(5).R r Index(l)3A4Amodulo a normalization factor,which will not change the condition for anomaly cancellation.From these the two relations follow:A(45)=24A(10)and4A(16)=4A(¯16)=−4A(10).4These relations are true only for the irreducible anomalies,as we discussed earlier.This method can be extended to higher dimensional theories and to all the Lie groups.In summary,we presented a simple algorithm of calculating anomalies at four and six dimensions for all the Lie groups.We gave explicit exam-ple for the groups SU(3),SU(4),SU(5)and SO(10),which are extensively used in building orbifold grand unified theories and Higgsless models in six dimensions and extensions of the standard models.References[1]S.Adler,Phys.Rev.177,2426(1969);J.Bell and R.Jackiw,NuovoCim.60A,47(1969).[2]D.Gross and R.Jackiw,Phys.Rev.D6,477(1972).[3]L.Alvarez-Gaume and E.Witten,Nucl.Phys.B234,269(1983);M.Green and J.H.Schwarz,Phys.Lett.149B,117(1985);Nucl.Phys.B255,93(1985);A.N.Schellekens,Phys.Lett.B175,41(1986);Y.Tosa and S.Okubo,Phys.Lett.B188,81(1987);Phys.Rev.D36, 2484(1987).[4]T.Asaka,W.Buchmuller and L.Covi,Nucl.Phys.B648,231(2003).[5]A.Hebecker and J.March-Russell,Nucl.Phys.B613,3(2001).[6]J.Banks and H.Georgi,Phys.Rev.D14,1159(1976).9。