真题答案
正高级政工师考试真题及答案
正高级政工师考试真题及答案一、单选题党的十九大提出的全面建设社会主义现代化国家的战略部署，第一个阶段从2020年到2035年，在基本实现现代化的基础上，再奋斗多少年，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化？A. 5年B. 10年C. 15年D. 20年答案：C社会主义核心价值观包括哪些内容？A. 富强、民主、文明、和谐B. 自由、平等、公正、法治C. 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善D. 所有以上选项答案：D亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，并且是有风险的，因为它注定会威胁到社会的稳定。
”这一观点启示我们要实现经济社会的健康协调发展，必须要处理好什么关系？A. 市场与政府的关系B. 国家与个人的关系C. 效率与公平的关系D. 积累与消费的关系答案：C新时代我国社会主要矛盾是什么？A. 人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾B. 人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾C. 政治体制改革与经济体制改革之间的矛盾D. 政府与市场的关系答案：B互联网是一个社会信息大平台，亿万网民在上面获得信息、交流信息，这会对他们的什么产生重要影响？A. 求知途径、思维方式、价值观念B. 国家C. 社会D. 工作、人生、家庭答案：A二、多选题思想政治工作的基本方式方法有哪些？A. 广泛组织开展主题教育活动和群众性精神文明创建活动B. 充分发挥大众传媒的重要作用C. 重视发挥文化的社会教育功能D. 注重运用先进典型引导和带动群众、充分发挥管理作用答案：ABCD坚持与时俱进，就是党的全部理论和全部工作要：A. 体现时代性B. 把握规律性C. 富于创造性D. 注重协调性答案：ABC下列关于全面深化改革的说法正确的是：A. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度B. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善社会主义市场经济体制C. 全面深化改革要坚持和完善社会主义民主政治D. 所有以上选项均正确答案：D社会主义初级阶段的涵义是：A. 我国已经是社会主义社会B. 实现了生产的商品化、社会化的社会C. 任何国家进入社会主义都要经历的起始阶段D. 我国还处在社会主义初级阶段答案：AD下列情形中，属于工伤的有：A. 出差途中，与朋友喝酒醉倒受伤B. 上班期间，保安劝阻流氓骚扰本单位职工而遭殴打C. 演出公司职工在演唱会结束后收拾舞台时，吊灯坠落导致其伤害D. 上班途中，违反交通规则闯红灯，被机动车撞伤答案：BC三、简答题简述新时代我国经济发展的战略目标。
2022年9月英语六级真题+答案(全3套)
2022年9月英语六级真题答案（全3套）第1套（含听力原文）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “It is now widely accepted that mutual trust and openness is the key to promoting cooperation.” You can make comments, use examples, or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation oneM: Welcome to Money Matters,【Q1】a weekly program that helps you manage your money.Tonight, I'll be talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting.W: Hello everyone.M: There's a magic about money. When it's not planned for, tracked and kept a record of, it literally disappears. What are some of the steps we can take to prevent this from happening? W: Well, it's all about keeping track of your money. If you don't do that, you'll never be able to set any goals for your budget or have the discipline to stick to them.M: That's easier said than done.【Q2】1 read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere tot budget.W: Yes, but【Q3】knowing what you earn and what you spend can give you reassurance that you won't get into debt in the first place. You can do this by adding up all of your sources ofincome you have and writing them all down on a piece of paper. On the same page, write down all of your monthly expenses.M: I'm always amazed at how much my expenses add up, but designating each item as an income or an expense really helps me have a much better sense of all my spending.W: Right, most people have no idea how much they spend each day, let alone each week, or month, no matter how careful they are. Next, subtract your monthly expenses from income.If the result is positive, you are living within your means. If the result is a negative number, you're going to have to cut back on your spending.M: I'm usually a negative number. I just can't resist the allure of all those prestigious goods. W: Well, it's not a catastrophe, but you do have to make some changes. Try cutting back on those non-essential items, sell some stuff in your attic,【Q4】or shop online to avoidunnecessary temptations, like chocolate. Failing that you can always find yourself a part time job.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.What does the man say about the weekly program?A) It enables people to earn more money. B) It teaches the importance of financing.C) It helps people with budgeting. D) It introduces a novel way to invest.2.What did the man read recently?A) Many Americans are not satisfied with their income.B) Many Americans have no idea about how to invest.C) Most Americans do not know how to save money.D) Most Americans do not stick to a budget.3.What does the woman suggest the man do first to avoid getting into debt?A) Keep track of his money. B) Live within his means.C) Find more sources of income. D) Refrain from buying luxuries.4.What does the woman say about online shopping?A) It offers a greater variety of items. B) It helps avoid unnecessary spending.C) It changes one’s way of living. D) It saves one’s time for shopping. Conversation twoM: Hi there, I’ve come to see the flat, my name is Mark Adams. We spoke on the phone on Wednesday.W: Hi, Mark, come on up. I'll buzz you in Green door on the second floor on the right side.Nice to meet you. I spoke to all your references, and they all checked out OK. So let me show you around. The place actually belongs to my mother, but her health isn’t great, so we finally managed to persuade her to move in with us and rent this old place out.(Q5)M: It's a great size, plenty of space, very versatile. I think it's a winner for us.W: Yes, all the appliances are brand new. There's a washing machine and a tumble dryer in the utility room next to the kitchen.M: Lots of closet space too, which is fabulous. My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes. Now, the big question: What about noise and the neighbors? (Q6)W: Well, all the neighbors are elderly. So no noisy kids and the back of the house overlook a clear and peaceful pond, so it's perfect if tranquility is what you are looking for.M: That's good news. We've been living in a less than glamorous part of Aberdeen, constantly harassed day and night by noisy neighbors. Getting to work was a nightmare too, as we only have one car and my wife has to use it as she works nights at the hospital.W: Well, if you like the place, it's yours, as soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor. The first month's rent and a deposit are mandatory on signing the contract,(Q7) Then we can work out when is the best day for you to pay rent each month.M: We’ll be incredibly happy to be your new tenants. Thank you so much. My wife will be thrilled to get out of the shabby place we are now in, and start filling those wardrobes with all those shoes.(Q8)Question 5-8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman say about the flat?A) It is brand-new. B) It has plenty of rooms.C) It belongs to her mother. D) It has been vacant for months.6. What is the man's chief consideration in looking for a flat?A) Space B) Tranquility C) Appliances D) Location7. What does the man have to do on signing the contract?A) Talk to his wife about the contract terms.B) Pay the first month’s rent and a deposit.C) Check the references of the flat owner.D) Consult his solicitor one more time.8. Why does the man say his wife will feel very excited if they move into the flat?A) She can have a wonderful view of the pond.B) She will be much closer to her work place.C) She can make friends with new neighbours.D) She will have plenty of space for her shoes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage one(Q9)A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents stress levels. Why? Because the more television kids watch, the more they are exposed to advertising. The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their parents to the store. This could generate conflict if the parents refuse. All that, researchers say, can contribute to parents' overall stress levels. What's the solution? Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time. Commercial content is therefore a reason to elicit purchasing behavior. So, parents might want to shut off the TV. Researchers concede that this is easier said than done, so, (Q10) they suggest another option. Parents can change how they talk to their kids about purchases. The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions. They shouldn't try to control all purchases. Instead, parents might tell their children things like "I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands". This type of communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children making fewer purchasing demands that means less parents' stress. However, the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater exposure to television. This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive. (Q11)Advertisers use an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music and celebrity endorsements to appeal to children. Plus, children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent. That makes them particularly vulnerable to advertisementsQuestion 9 to 11are based on the recording you have just heard.9. What has the new study found about children watching television?A) The more commercials they see, the more brands they get to know.B) The more commercials they see, the more they adore celebrities.C) The more television they watch, the fewer conflicts in the family.D) The more television they watch, the greater their parents’ stress.10. What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?A) Inform children of the family’s financial situation.B) Shift children’s attention to interesting activities.C) Involve children in making purchasing decisions.D) Help children understand advertising’s intent..11. What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?A) Their limited cognitive ability. B) Their strong natural curiosity.C) Their admiration for celebrities. D) Their lack of social experience.Passage twoEveryone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that's not what we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others, or who aren't good team players. But (Q12) sometimes the good guys also get punished or criticized specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling because it's detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields，and it has been found in every society. Why does this happen?Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they can't or won't compete. After all, (Q13) we're all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do? (Q14) 0ne option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that person down. That is to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions, or implied real or imagined hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright. Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard. [Q15] Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds so it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the recording you have just heard.12. What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?A) Bad guys may do good deeds. B) Bad guys may go unpunished.C) Good guys may not always cooperate. D) Good guys may get unfair treatment.13. How are we all judged according to the passage?A) By what we do. B) By fair evaluation.C) In comparison with others. D) In accordance with set standards.14. What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?A) Learn from them earnestly. B) Compete with them actively.C) Leave them alone temporarily. D) Cooperate with them sincerely.15. What may discourage people from performing good deeds?A) Being dismissed as hypocritical. B) Not getting the reward they deserve.C) Having to make too many sacrifices. D) Being misunderstood by people around.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording oneIn America, most researchers concede that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills and rewarded for different acts. Women, it is agreed excel at certain tasks, men at others. There is little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other. All of this notwithstanding, gender differences is very much in the media these days.Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny. How has this affected friendship? How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations? Most pre teen children have a best friend who is usually some one of the same sex and similar age. Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships (Q16). They do not differ in this respect. However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come. Boys tend to form play groups that are competitive in nature. Girls groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises. Thus at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning. While girls, by contrast, play house and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support of their childhood. Men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender role opinions of other boys. Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender role pressure. It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior. Males, for the most part, are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age.These early attitudes reinforced by social conditioning continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence. This is a period when the majority of males, once again, report a close alliance with same sex friends.(Q17)Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted, competing for position and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship. Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age. For them, bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement. This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence, when dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sister hood. (Q18) Actually, dating dilutes the intensity of same sex friendships for men, also for the majority of us. The moment we begin to date seriously. There's a competition between romance and friendship.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. Does the speaker say about most preteen children?A) They are increasingly aware of gender differences.B) They engage themselves in positive recollection.C) They begin to see the importance of friendship.D) They make friends with peers of the same sex.17. What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?A) Competing for position. B) Pursuing fashion.C) Forging close ties with friends. D) Fulfilling family obligations.18. What do children do when they reach late adolescence?A) They prioritize romance over friendship.B) They try to strengthen same-sex friendships.C) They begin to take friendship more seriously.D) They compete intensely for romantic partners.Recording twoGood afternoon. Today's lecture, we’ll be talking about how and when to disclose a disability, when applying for a job, on average, about 20% of the population has some form of disability. Most countries these days have equal opportunity and nondiscrimination laws. Yet, disabled people often find it hard to decide when how and if at all, to raise their disability problem, potential employer, there is uncertainty about how a recruiter will perceive their disability. (Q19)As such, many candidates fear they wouldn't be considered for a position as a result of disclosing this personal information. And research has validated this as a genuine concern for many job applicants. It's a natural reaction, but it shouldn't be a reason to stay quiet. People need to remember that they are applying for a position they have the skills and experience to excel in discussing a disability. Potential employer may help them make reasonable workplace adjustments in their favor. It's most appropriate to discuss a disability, when they reply to confirm an interview. (Q20)This information needn't be put up front in their cover letter or resume, because it's probably not relevant to the position itself. Candidates with disabilities should feel they have the power to make their own decisions around sharing this information free from prejudice. They find an organization that doesn't celebrate diversity and inclusion. It could say a lot about the company's culture. Perhaps the organization isn't the right fit.It's important for them to remember that they are seeking a manager and employer that's going to be supportive and continue to give them a great employment experience. Companies sometimes offer candidates the chance to disclose disabilities on their application form, but people shouldn't feel restricted by this method or timing. People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition. (Q21) There is always the risk that the recruiter will research information that is inaccurate or irrelevant.If people don't think their disability will impact their ability to perform in the advertised position, then it's entirely their entitlement to choose when and whether to share this Information. Questions 19 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. Why do disable job applicants feel reluctant to disclose their disability?A) They regard it as a matter of sheer privacy.B) They are worried about being turned down.C) They fear that their condition will be made widely known.D) They are afraid to be discriminated against once recruited.20. When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal their disability Information?A) After receiving a job offer. B) During a job interview.C) When confirming an interview. D) Upon completing a cover letter.21. What are people advised to do when filling out their job application form?A) Describe the true state of their health.B) Provide all the information required.C) Stress the irrelevance of their disability to the job.D) Avoid mentioning the name of their disability.Recording threeSmart phones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than study. But what about background Sound alone? A group of American researchers compared students’ comprehension of verbal material, when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music or general noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan.Students’ scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech.(Q22) Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech. However, when they were asked to identify melodies, rather than understand text, background music interfered more. When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little if any hindrance of reading comprehension.British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise, and silence on short term memory. Background speech had the biggest negative effect. (Q23) Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental.In general, background noise and silence were least disruptive. It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task, and the processing required screening out the background noise. The studies suggest that when people read, when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability.Instrumental music will have, at worst, a slight effect. When students write essays, however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible. (Q24) Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions. Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference. The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high arousal or low arousal background music, general noise or silence while asking them to remember words. Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions.(Q25) So when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental, and their child is the outgoing type.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What did some American researchers find about students reading comprehension in thepresence of background noise?A) Their scores were least affected by music with speech.B) It was the poorest when there was background speech.C) Their scores were most depressed with instrumental music.D) It was disrupted by the sound of an air conditioner or fan.23. What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference frombackground noise?A) It has to do with the type and volume of the background noise.B) It has to do with short-term memory for listening comprehension.C) It depends on the overlap in processing different kinds of information.D) It depends on the participants’ ability to concentrate on the task at hand.24. What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?A) Keep everything as quiet as possible.B) Play nothing but instrumental music.C) Use vocal material as little as possible.D) Wear a pair of earphones or headphones.25. How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies?A) Sociable people were immune to all distractions.B) Shy quiet people were most adversely impacted.C) Less outgoing people were more affected by silence.D) Confident people were unaffected by high-arousal music.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe now extinct passenger pigeon has the dubious honor of being the last species anyone ever expected to disappear. At one point, there were more passenger pigeons than any other species of bird. Rough 26 of their population went as high as five billion and they accounted for around 40 percent of the total indigenous bird population of North America in the early 19th century.Despite their huge population, passenger pigeons were 27 to human intrusion into their nesting territory. Their nests were shabby things and two weeks after the eggs 28 , the parent pigeons would abandon their offspring, leaving them to take care of themselves. People discovered that these baby pigeons were really tasty, and the adult birds were also quite 29 . Firstthe Native Americans and then the transplanted Europeans came to consider the birds a great 30 .By the 1850s, commercial trapping of passenger pigeons was proceeding at an 31 pace. Hundreds of thousands of the birds were being harvested every day to be made into popular pigeon pies. In addition, large 32 of the pigeons’ nesting territory were being cleared away for planting crops and creating pasture land. As numerous as the passenger pigeons were, they were not an 33 resource. By the 1880s, it was noticed that the bird population had become seriously 34 . The last passenger pigeons killed in the wild were shot in 1899.Eventually those billions and billions of birds shrank to a single remaining 35 , a passenger pigeon named Martha, who died on September 1, 1914, in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoo. In addition to being the end of an era, it was also the first time humans were able to exactly time the extinction of a species.A. vulnerableB. unprecedentedC. tractsD. specimenE. robustF. refugeG. plazasH. infiniteI. hatchedJ. expiredK. excerpts L. estimates M. edible N. depleted O. delicacy Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is computer coding a foreign language?A) As computer coding has become an increasingly sought-after skill, more K- 12 schools areworking it into their curriculums. Some states have considered allowing students to forgo (放弃) foreign language for coding classes, despite opposition from educators.B) There’s a debate over whether it’s appropriate to teach coding in elementary schools, withfierce opinions on each side. When it comes to allowing coding to fill foreign language requirements, though, most educators agree: Coding should be added to curriculums, but not at the expense of foreign language classes.C) The idea is that computer programming is a language, allowing people to communicate withmachines and programs. It’s the language of the 21st century and more valuable than a natural language, some advocates argue. The computer science field is growing faster than schools can keep up because of budget constraints and a lack of skills training for teachers. D) According to the 2016 U.S. News/Raytheon STEM Index, computer science jobs havehelped boost wages in the U.S., and computer-related jobs hold the top seven positions in STEM fields for highest number of workers. Foreign language interest, on the other hand, is declining for the first time since 1995. The number of higher education language enrollments declined between 2009 and 2013 by more than 111,000 spots, according to the Modern Language Association of America.E) “I think the opportunity to give people a choice is important,” says Florida state SenatorJeremy Ring, who introduced a bill last year that would allow Florida students to choosebetween foreign language and coding classes for the purpose of university admissions requirements. “I think if you’re going to give two years of language in high school, you might as well do computer coding.”F) The Florida bill died this year after passing 35:5 in the state Senate when the full Legislaturefailed to take action. It would have been the first state to try this initiative. Ring says that although he will be out of office, an identical bill will be reintroduced within the next year by others on his behalf. “In the speech I gave on the Senate floor, I said, ‘We can be the first state to do this, or we can be the 50th state to do it. It’s our choice. It’s going to happen’” Ring says.G) A Kentucky bill similar to the one in Florida was met with complaints from educators, andwas then amended to promote computer science education initiatives with no mention of foreign language requirements. Instead, the state will provide support for higher quality certified teachers for programming classes. Under the Washington bill, public universities would accept two years of computer science classes in place of two years of foreign language for admission purposes. A report detailing the opinions of state university officials is due to the Legislature by November 2017.H) Texas passed a bill in 2013 that allows students to substitute computer coding only after theyhave attempted and performed poorly in a foreign language class. Srini Mandyam, CTO and co- founder of kid- friendly instructional coding company Tynker, believes allowing students to forgo foreign language because they struggle with it is unproductive because every subject, whether art, math or language, is a significant contribution to a well-rounded existence.“Many students don’t fare well with algebra but we never discuss eliminating it or…say chemistry is now counted as an algebra class,” he said via email. “We teach algebra because it’s important and we should teach foreign language and coding for the same reason.Exposure to a wide breadth of subjects and material results in well-rounded students who are able to make informed decisions…about what they want to pursue.”I) Computer science courses already fulfill a math or science high school graduationrequirement in 28 states and the District of Columbia, up from only 12 states in 2013. And while advocates of the bills say they should count as foreign language instead, opponents stress the importance of balancing computer and foreign language skills.J) Studies show that bilingualism (双语) correlates with cognitive development, intelligence, memory and problem solving abilities, according to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. A 2007 study showed that foreign language students outperformed their non- foreign language peers on standardized tests after only two to three years of study.And while a 2014 report from German and American universities suggests that programmers are using language (but not mathematical) regions of the brain when understanding code, critics remain wary. They say that regardless of cognitive functions, being monolingual is a disadvantage in the increasingly international economy, even if English has become the de facto (事实上的) language of business.K) “Our world is shrinking but its problems are really growing,” says ACTFL National。
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全
公务员考试试题真题及答案大全公务员考试是许多人梦寐以求的事业选择之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备考，提高考试成绩，我们汇集了一系列公务员考试真题及答案，希望能为广大考生提供参考与帮助。
一、行测部分1.下列哪个词是近义词？A. 悲伤B. 开心C. 动荡D. 安定答案：A. 悲伤解析：近义词是指意义相近或相似的词语。
选项中，除了“A. 悲伤”外，其他选项的意思与悲伤不符。
2.某种商品原价为100元，现在打9折出售，买家购买该商品后，还有一元钱零钱找回。
那么这种情况下该商品的实际折扣是多少？A. 5%B. 9%C. 10%D. 90%答案：C. 10%解析：打9折即为原价的90%，而购买商品后还有一元钱零钱找回，说明实际支付了89元，那么实际折扣就是100元-89元=11元，即11%。
所以实际折扣为100% - 11% = 89%。
进一步换算为十分制即为10%。
二、申论部分题目：请就当前城市交通拥堵问题，提出解决方案。
答案：面对当前城市交通拥堵问题，我们可以从以下几个方面着手解决：1. 加强公共交通建设：增加地铁线路、公交车辆，并提高运行频率，以提升公共交通系统的便捷性和吸引力，减少私家车使用。
2. 推广绿色出行方式：鼓励市民步行、骑行和使用电动车等环保出行方式，以减少车辆排放对环境的污染和交通拥堵的负面影响。
3. 实施交通管理措施：严格执法，加大对违章停车、乱停乱放等交通违法行为的处罚力度；同时，加强路况监测和导航系统的建设，为市民提供及时、准确的交通信息。
4. 调整工作和学习时间：灵活安排上下班和上学时间，避免高峰期集中出行，缓解交通压力。
5. 优化道路规划与建设：合理规划道路布局，设计合理的交通流线，提高道路通行能力，增设公共停车设施，鼓励车辆停放在指定区域。
总之，解决城市交通拥堵问题需要政府、市民及相关部门的共同努力与配合。
只有形成全社会的共识，并采取科学合理的措施，才能有效减少城市交通拥堵，提升市民的出行感受和生活质量。
辽宁省考行测历年真题及答案
辽宁省考行测历年真题及答案（满分100分时间120分钟）一、单选题（每题只有一个正确答案，答错、不答或多答均不得分）1.下列不是社会公德的主要内容的选项是（）。
A.勤俭持家B.助人为乐C.文明礼貌D.爱护公物【答案】：A2.2014年6月某日，出租车司机万某将自己的出租车停靠在公交车站招揽生意。
期间，有多辆公交车经停该车站，万某均不让道。
公交车只好靠前或靠后停车，让在车站等候的乘客上车。
某路公交车准备进站，司机李某见公交车站的停车位被万某占用，只好减速，准备将车停于出租车的后面。
站牌下候车的乘客见到公交车进站，一拥而上，奔向该公交车。
李某见状，将车向前驱动，打算将车停在出租车的左前侧。
已经跑出一段距离的乘客见状，又向回跑。
乘客于某由于上车心切，没有注意安全，在追车的过程中，被旁边的乘客挤倒，摔倒在公交车右侧后车轮下，被碾轧致死。
在此次事故中，公交车一方应当承担：（）。
A.次要责任B.同等责任C.主要责任D.不承担责任【答案】：B3.下列属于公文结尾用语的是（）。
A.现报告于后B.特通知如下C.特此通告D.现请示如下【答案】：C4.下面哪个成语与秦始皇有关？（）1/ 9A.图穷匕见B.奇货可居C.指鹿为马【答案】：A5.《礼记·中庸》记载：“莫见乎隐，莫显乎微，故君子慎其独也。
”在职业道德中，“慎独”启示我们（）。
A.即使没有监督，也要管好自己B.向优秀的“榜样”看齐C.处理人际关系要言听计从D.不断进行自我反省，自我否定【答案】：A6.我国古代有许多计量单位﹐比如诗句“黄河远上白云间，一片孤城万仞山”中得“仞”，一仞约相当于:（）A.一个成年人得高度B.成年人一臂得长度【答案】：B7.以下关于人类疾病的描述，不正确的一项是（）。
A.系统性红斑狼疮属于一种人类自身免疫性疾病B.目前，世界上每年致死人数最多的疾病是癌症C.糖尿病的主要并发症是由动脉硬化引起的D.使用鸡尾酒疗法可以有效延缓艾滋病发病进程【答案】：B8.下列关于国债的表述正确的是（）。
行测真题及答案解析
行测真题及答案解析第一部分常识判断 (共25题)1. 根据《中华人民共和国宪法》，我国的政权组织形式是：A. 人民民主专政B. 人民代表大会制度C. 统一的多民族国家D. 中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度解析：选B，人民民主专政是国体，人民代表大会制是政体。
2.下列不属于公务员的是：A.某县党委委员B.某市工商行政管理局干部C.某国有企业工人D.某民主党派机关干部解析：选C，参见公务员报考职位表，除了参公职位，剩下都是公务员。
3.下列不属于刑事处罚的是：A.罚金B.管制C.拘留D.拘役解析：选C，拘留有行政拘留、司法拘留和刑事拘留，刑事拘留是依据《刑事诉讼法》而采用的强制措施，不是一种处罚。
治安拘留是依据《治安处罚条例》采用的一种处罚办法。
司法拘留是强制措施，同时也兼有处罚性质，它的法律依据是《民事诉讼法》和《行政诉讼法》。
我国刑罚种类分主刑和附加刑两大类。
主刑包括管制、拘役、有期徒刑、无期徒刑和死刑5种。
主刑是处罚犯罪的基本刑罚，只能独立适用，不能附加使用。
这意味着对一项罪行只能使用一个主刑。
附加刑包括罚金、剥夺政治权利、没收财产和驱逐出境。
附加刑是处罚犯罪的从刑，既可以独立使用也可以附加适用，对一项罪行甚至可以附加使用数个附加刑。
4.推翻了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度的辛亥革命属于：A.资产阶级革命B.无产阶级革命C.新民主主义革命D.工人阶级革命解析：选A，辛亥革命属于资产阶级领导的旧民主主义革命。
5.“修身”“齐家”“治国”“平天下”出自：A.道家典籍B.儒家典籍C.墨家典籍D.法家典籍解析：选B，中国古代儒家思想中的一个重要概念，源于《礼记‧大学》八目——格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下。
6.下列提法错误的是：A.七情：喜怒哀乐爱恶欲B.国画四君子：梅兰竹菊C.四库：经史子集D.岁寒三友：松竹梅解析：选A，不同的学术、门派、宗教对七情六欲的定义稍有不同。
但是所有的说法都承认七情六欲是不可避免的。
成考试卷真题及答案解析
成考试卷真题及答案解析【正文】一、选择题1. 下列诗句中，表达了诗人情感的是：A. "富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移"B. "我有所念人皆远"C. "悠悠苍天，此何人哉"D. "人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青"答案：B 解析：诗人通过"我有所念人皆远"表达了自己内心的不满和孤独。
2. 下列句子中，运用了比喻修辞手法的是：A. "月出惊山鸟，时鸣春涧中"B. "湖光秋月两相和"C. "我心如秋月，洁白明净"D. "山行的人们像飞鸟一样"答案：C 解析：比喻是一种修辞手法，"我心如秋月，洁白明净"就是通过将心与秋月进行比喻，以强调心的洁白和明净。
二、填空题1. 一封信是人与人之间的一种______。
答案：纽带解析：纽带是联系的意思，一封信可以起到联系人与人之间的作用。
2. 人类社会发展的基础是______。
答案：劳动解析：劳动是人类社会发展的基础，只有通过劳动，社会才能不断进步。
三、简答题1. 什么是知识？答案：知识是人类对客观事物的了解、掌握和运用，是对客观世界规律的认识和反映。
知识是人类社会发展的重要基础，它推动着科技进步、文化繁荣和人类福祉的提升。
通过获得知识，人们能够更好地理解世界，提高自己的能力和素质，为个人的发展和社会的进步做出贡献。
2. 成语是什么？答案：成语是汉语词汇中的一种特殊形式，是一种固定搭配的词组。
它具有一定的意义，并且具有惯用的语境和习惯的用法，可以用来表达具体的思想内容、抒发感情或形容事物。
成语是中华民族独有的语言珍宝，它既能够反映出中华民族的文化底蕴，又能够丰富汉语表达的内涵和韵味。
成语在日常生活和文学创作中得到广泛的应用，成为汉语独特的表达方式和文化符号。
四、解答题1. 运用你所学的知识，写一篇关于环保的短文。
历年行测真题及答案解析
国家公务员录用考试《行政职业能力测验》试题第一部分数量关系(共15题，参考时限15分钟)本部分包括一种类型的试题。
数学运算，完成1～15题。
你可以在草稿纸上运算，遇到难题，你可以跳过不做，待你有时间再返回来做。
1.96÷42的值是（）。
A.5B.7C.8D.62.782+222+2×78×22的值是（）。
A.10000B.1000C.1500D.200003.(313－312－31)÷31的值是（）。
A.929B.939C.919D.8294.出租车在开始10千米以内收费10.4元，以后每走1千米，收费1.6元，请问走20千米需收多少钱?（）A.20.8B.26C.26.4D.205.水结冰后，体积比原来增加1/11，1.1升水结冰后的体积是多少升?（）A.1.2B.1.21C.1.1D.1.06.2小时25分合多少秒?（）A.8750B.9650C.8700D.97007.一单位运来34吨煤，烧了18吨，烧了的比剩下的多几分之几?（）A.1/8B.1/9C.1/6D.1/108.李华每周储蓄35元，如果他现在已有100元存款，那么需多少天他能买上一台价值240元的割草机?（）A.4B.6C.28D.219.一间会议室，长8.5米，宽6米，用长20厘米，宽10厘米的长方形砖铺地，要用多少块?（）A.2550B.2500C.2450D.265010. 用同样长的铁丝围成三角形、圆形、正方形、菱形，其中面积最大的是（）。
A.正方形B.菱形C.三角形D.圆形11. 一只猫每天吃由食品A和食品B搅拌成的食物300克，食品A的蛋白质含量为10%，食品B的蛋白质含量为15%。
如果该猫每天需要38克蛋白质，问食物中食品A的比重是百分之几?（）A.47％B.40%C.13D.50%12. 某次测验有50道判断题，每做对一题得3分，不做或做错一题倒扣1分，某学生共得82分，问答对题数和答错题数相差多少?（）A.33B.99C.17D.1613. 某单位有青年员工85人，其中68人会骑自行车，62人会游泳，既不会骑车又不会游泳的有12人，则既会骑车又会游泳的有()人。
真题及答案
真题20一、单选题(共80题，每小题1分，共80分。
每题的备选答案中，只有一个是正确的，选对得1分，多选、不选或错选均得0分。
)1、技术风险不包括以下（）。
Ａ、核辐射Ｂ、空气污染Ｃ、经营亏损Ｄ、噪音2、依据风险标的分类，风险可分为财产保险、（）、责任保险与信用保险。
A、火灾保险B、人身保险C、养殖业保险D、保证保险3、风险管理的过程包括风险识别、风险估测、风险评价、（）和评估风险管理效果等。
A、选择风险管理技术B、风险转移C、风险消灭D、风险分散4、以最小的成本获得最大的安全保障是风险管理的（）。
A、基本作用B、基本职能C、基本目标D、基本宗旨5、在种类、品质、性能和价值等方面大体相近的风险单位被称之为（）。
A、同质风险B、相同风险C、同类风险D、可比风险6、保险充分体现了“一人为众，众人为一”的思想。
这说明，保险具有（）。
A、经济性B、互助性C、科学性D、商品性7、保险资金在融通过程中，应该遵循一定的原则，下列错误的选项是（）A、安全性B、合法性C、效益性D、科学性8、编制了第一张生命表，并首次运用于人寿保险的计算，为现代人寿保险定点数理基础的是（）A、劳艾德B、哈雷C、巴蓬D、毕守敬9、保险合同特征之一的射幸性的含义是（）。
A保险人必须履行赔付义务B保险人并不必然履行赔付义务C投保人缴纳保险费，保险人必须履行赔付义务D投保人履行告知义务，保险人必须履行赔付义务10、保险人是否履行保险合同订立时尚不确定，而是取决于偶然的、不确定的保险事故是否发生。
这说明保险合同属于（）A、单务合同B、射幸合同C、附和合同D、诚信合同11、与保险人订立保险合同，并按照保险合同负有支付保险费义务的人被称为（）。
A、被保险人B、投保人C、受益人D、代理人12、李某于2002年12月12日向保险公司购买保险，保险公司在当日签发了保险单，约定保险期限为2002年12月13日零时起至2003年12月12日24时止，并注明交纳第一笔保险费的次日零时保险公司才开始承担保险责任，李某于2002年12月20日交纳第一笔保险费。
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2011年真题答案
1.T-DNA插入诱变原理及应用？
原理：T-DNA是农杆菌Ti质粒中的一段DNA序列，可以从农杆菌中转移并稳定整合到植物核基因组中。
人们将目的基因插入到经过改造的T-DNA区，借助农杆菌的感染实现外源基因向植物细胞的转移与整合，获得转基因植物。
除用于转基因以外，T-DNA插入到植物的基因中，基因由于发生碱基的插入或缺失而发生突变。
应用：T-DNA插入诱变已成为反求遗传学研究的重要手段之一。
1）通过T-DNA插入获得突变植株，通过对突变体与野生型的变化对比，可对植物特定基因的功能进行分析。
2）已广泛应用与拟南芥等模式植物的突变体库构建。
3）T-DNA作为外源基因的载体，可携带外源基因感染植物，获得转基因植物。
2.反向遗传学原理及应用？
原理：在已知生物体基因组全部序列的基础上,通过DNA重组、RNA干扰、基因沉默等技术对靶基因进行必要的加工和修饰,如定点突变、基因插入\缺失、基因置换等,对生物基因组进行改造，研究生物体基因组的结构与功能,以及这些修饰可能对生物体的表型、性状有何种影响等方面的内容。
应用：1）用于研究高等动植物相关基因功能:
2）利用反向遗传学,可以对病毒的编码基因进行定向突变,从而可以知道该基因的编产物在病毒生命周期中的作用,为药物和疫苗设计奠定结构生物学和细胞生物学的基础。
3)利用反向遗传操作技术对RNA 病毒的cDNA 克隆进行点突变, 降低或消除病毒的活力，可能获得理想的减毒株来研制疫苗。
3.植物转基因沉默的可能原因？
1）位置效应：因为转基因均是在基因组D N A序列的不同位置随机整合。
如果转基因整合位置处于基因异染色质区或转录不活跃区，转基因就会在该区空间结构和成分影响下形成类似结构，导致转录不活跃或异染色质化而失活。
2）转录水平的基因沉默：整合进去的外源基因可能发生了DNA甲基化，抑制其转录。
3）转录后和翻译水平的基因沉默：转录后形成的mRNA进入细胞质中，可能被植物细胞质内的RNA酶识别，将其降解；或发生RNA干扰，将mRNA降解。
翻译出的多肽发生了异常的剪接或折叠，失去活性，或被蛋白酶降解。
4.分子标记技术在植物学研究和育种工作的应用？
分子标记技术主要包括RFLP、VNTR、SNP、染色体原位杂交等技术。
1）植物基因遗传图谱的建立：如通过RFLP技术对植物基因进行限制性片段多态性分析，从而建立植物基因组的遗传图谱，对于研究植物基因的功能有很重要的意义。
2）利用遗传多样性的结果可以对物种进行聚类分析，进而了解其系统发育与亲缘关系。
3）标记育种是利用与目标性状基因紧密连锁的遗传标记，对目标性状进行跟踪选择的一项育种技术。
利用分子标记技术分析植物不同品种之间的同源性大小，根据品种间遗传距离选配强优势杂交组合及加快回交进程,可以减少育种工作中亲本选配的盲目性,从而提高育种效率。
另外，通过对同种植物不同品系进行分子标记的多态性分析，能够提高对纯系品种选择的正确率，从而提高纯系的育种效率。
5.试述基因沉默技术的原理和主要步骤？
原理：基因沉默技术主要指RNA干扰技术。
通过体外合成、体外转录或体内合成与目的基因同源的dsRNA或siRNA，进入细胞后特异性识别目的基因的mRNA，抑制mRNA 的翻译或诱导RNA酶将mRNA降解，从而达到基因沉默的目的。
步骤：1）dsRNA或siRNA的制备：有体外化学合成法：通过目的基因的序列推测siRNA的序列，化学合成siRNA。
体外转录法：以先合成的DNA链为模板PCR反转录合成dsRNA。
体内载体合成法：设计一种能表达RNA的质粒，其组成含RNAi序列。
将具有如上结构的质粒导入细胞内，体内的RNAplymeraseⅢ就可以合成一条RNA链，这条RNA 链形成发夹样双链结构，从而起到基因抑制作用。
2）将dsRNA或siRNA转入受体细胞
3）通过对细胞的相关标记或表型变化检测靶基因抑制效率
2012年真题答案
1.脯氨酸是酵母生长必需的氨基酸,野生型能自己合成脯氨酸.如何设计一个实验筛选出酵母脯氨酸合成基因的突变株?
(参考小书下册P60)
1)培养野生型酵母菌,用x射线或紫外线或化学诱变剂等处理分生孢子;
2)将处理过的分生孢子与野生型交配,由此长出子囊孢子;
3)将子囊孢子培养在完全培养基上(野生型和突变型都能生长),生长起来有形成分生孢子.
4)取出一部分分生孢子培养在基本培养基里,观察他们的生长,如果不能生长,则为突变型
5)将突变型的分生孢子从培养基里取出,分别培养在完全培养基（阳性对照）、基本培养基
阴性对照）、添加脯氨酸的基本培养基上，则在添加脯氨酸培养基上生长的为脯氨酸缺陷型菌株。
2.增强子距离转录起始位点较远，它如何调控基因转录？（大书P353）
增强子可与多种不同的转录调节蛋白结合，它们在增强自上形成一个多蛋白复合物，复合物中的激活因子将同转录装置联系，将转录装置引领到基因启动子处，并通过中介蛋白把RNA 聚合酶也引领到启动子处，从而大大激活基因的转录。
起到增强基因转录的作用。
3.什么是蓝白斑筛选？工作原理是什么？（参考大书P461）
蓝白斑筛选是一种基因工程常用的重组菌筛选方法。
是根据载体的遗传特征筛选重组子，如α-互补、抗生素基因等。
原理：野生型大肠杆菌产生的β-半乳糖苷酶可以将无色化合物X-gal(5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-β-D-
半乳糖苷)分解成半乳糖和深蓝色的物质5-溴-4-靛蓝，从而使菌落变蓝。
设计适用于蓝白斑筛选的基因工程菌为β-半乳糖苷酶缺陷型菌株。
这种宿主菌产生的β-半乳糖苷酶失去N段一个短肽（即α肽链），从而不具有生物活性，即无法作用于X-gal 产生蓝色物质。
用于蓝白斑筛选的载体具有一段称为lacz'的基因，能编码α肽链。
当不含外源基因的载体转入上述缺陷株后，质粒lacz'基因编码的α肽链和菌株基因组表达的N端缺陷的β-半乳糖苷酶突变体互补，与完整β-半乳糖苷酶作用相同。
所以在含X-gal 培养基上形成蓝色菌落。
而含外源基因的载体，由于外源基因插入破坏了lacz'的基因的结构，不能编码α肽链，这种重组载体转入缺陷型菌株后，不能分解X-gal，因而产生白色菌落。
4.假设新发现某种病毒能感染人淋巴细胞，并能在体外培养的淋巴细胞中增殖。
如何鉴定该病毒是DNA病毒还是RNA病毒？
1）体外培养淋巴细胞两份
2）将该病毒分别侵染两份淋巴细胞，一定时间后，收集细胞释放的病毒液，离心取上清，去除细胞碎片
3）将上清液过滤，已达到浓缩病毒的目的。
4）将两份浓缩的病毒液分别以DNA和RNA提取方法提取，各分两份
5）将其中一份以DNA提取方法提取的加入DNA酶，一份以RNA提取方法提取的加入RNA 酶，与另两份对照一起电泳
6）观察哪分与对照差异最显著，就能判断出是DNA还是RNA.
5)为什么组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂和DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂对人肿瘤细胞中某些抑癌基因的表达有激活作用？说明其可能的机制?
因为抑癌基因的组蛋白若发生由组蛋白去乙酰化酶催化的去乙酰化，会抑制基因的转录。
另外抑癌基因的DNA若发生由DNA甲基转移酶催化的DNA甲基化，也会抑制基因转录。
因此，若加入组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂和DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂，抑制了两种酶的活性，不能使抑癌基因的组蛋白去乙酰化，也不能使DNA的甲基化，从而激活抑癌基因的表达。
可能机制：真核生物基因的表达调控分为转录水平，转录后水平，翻译水平，翻译后水平等多方面，而组蛋白的修饰和DNA的修饰都属于转录水平的调控。
1）抑癌基因的组蛋白发生去乙酰化，可能会改变组蛋白之间的空间结构，使组蛋白更紧密的包被在DNA之外，DNA不能暴露出来，抑制了基因的转录，
而加入组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂后，抑制了酶的活性，组蛋白不能被去乙酰
化，同时也可能促进了组蛋白的乙酰化，使组蛋白的空间结构松散，暴露出
DNA，激活基因的转录。
2）抑癌基因的DNA发生甲基化，可能会使转录因子不能与之结合，也可能发生甲基化后更易与阻遏蛋白结合，抑制基因的转录。
而加入DNA甲基转移酶抑
制剂后，抑制了DNA甲基化，转录因子更易与其结合，阻遏蛋白不容易与其
结合，所以激活了抑癌基因的转录。