00-Econ_Introduction
ECON5002_Macroeconomic Theory_2010 Semester Summer_Course Outline 5002 Summer 2010
ECON5002Macroeconomic TheorySummer, 2010 Unit of Study OutlineCoordinator: Dr Matthew SmithOffice Room 444, Merewether Building (H04)Phone 9036 9413Email mattsmith@.auConsultation (teaching weeks) Thursday 11am-1pm, or by appointmentClassesTime(s): Tuesday 2pm-5pm and Thursday 2pm-5pm (starts 5 January)Venue(s): Peter Nicol Russell Tutorial Rm. 3151.Unit of study information1.1.Faculty Handbook descriptionMacroeconomics is the study of economic interactions in national and international economies. It looks at the linkages between investment and consumption decisions, government taxation and expenditure decisions, monetary policy, the banking system and the interactions between Australia and the rest of the world. We will discuss what determines the level of saving and investment, unemployment, inflation and business cycles, the term structure of interest rates, stock market indices, and we will investigate the contributions to economic growth and explanations of the balance of payments and exchange rates. We will begin with an overview of the performance of the Australian and a tour of the world and then develop a solid theoretical framework for our analysis of well-functioning economies. We will end with a study of macroeconomic pathologies, such as the Great Depression, hyperinflations, the Asia crisis and Japan‟s deflation.1.2.Aims and contextECON5002 provides a basic understanding of Macroeconomics. As well as giving a basic grounding in how the aggregate economy works, it provides a basis for other postgraduate options in economics. It is a core unit in the MEc, MCom, MIB, GradDipEc, GradDipCom and GradDipIB, and a compulsory unit in the economics major of a MBus or GradDipBus.2.Learning outcomes, teaching and learning activities & assessment2.1.Intended learning outcomesThis course is concerned with macroeconomics and begins with some stylized …facts‟ about Australia‟s major macroeconomic variables. Various macroeconomic models are developedand used to explain the …facts‟ and to examine policy issues e.g. unemployment, inflation, balance of payments and foreign debt. There are also sections on the microfoundations of macroeconomics and on long-term economic growth.An understanding of the economic environment is essential for managerial decision-making. Macroeconomics is all about the economic environment is which businesses and households operate. Making informed decisions about business activity, whether by a consumer or a firm, requires an understanding of the interactions between the key economic variables in the national and international economies. It is vital for any forward-looking manager to understand the macroeconomic determinants of interest rates and stock market prices. With the foundations developed in this subject, practicing managers should be able to understand the various economic indicators presented to them and make informed decisions about their own businesses.In this subject, the intention is:To explain the economic indicators (e.g. wage and price inflation, unemployment,exchange rates, interest rates, stock market indices, the current account) that shouldbe part of every manager‟s information set;To provide a framework for analyzing macroeconomic policy and to understand itslimitations; andTo enable managers to use this understanding to improve decision-making.The design of this course also helps students develop valuable graduate attributes, as outlined in table on the following page:2.2.Learning and teaching activities2.2.1 Prescribed TextOlivier Blanchard & Jeffrey Sheen, Macroeconomics, Pearson, 3rd Australasian edition, 2009 (hereafter BS)This textbook is essential for the course. Do not buy the Blanchard book with the same title. The Australasian edition by BS is significantly different.The textbook has a website(.au/au_be_blanchardsheen_macroec_3/) with chapter-by-chapter practice multiple choice and essay questions, as well as related articles. Practice questionswill also be made available on Blackboard for each topic after the lecture. Guidelines for answers will be available later on Blackboard.A secondary text which can also be employed on some topic material isBruce Littleboy and John Taylor, Macroeconomics, John Wiley, 3rd edition, 2006 (hereafter LT).This is a first year text which covers some basic principles of the material in the first half of the course comprehensively. It is available on special reserve at the Fisher library.In the topic outline in section 5 below, there are references to chapters in BS as well as to LT, and to additional readings which can all be downloaded electronically. All journal articles can be downloaded if you go through the Fisher Library website for journals(.au/ejournals/ ). You will need your login details for Fisher Library.ECON5002, Semester 2, 2009 Page 3 of 8 Page 3 of 82.2.2 Blackboard and other electronic sitesLecture outlines along with all handouts, announcements about classes or assessment and other communications will be available on the Faculty's Blackboard site. Your unit is(ECON5002_SUMMER_2010)) Macroeconomic Theory. If you are enrolled properly in the unit through the University, you will be enrolled automatically on the Blackboard site.You are expected to check the site regularly. The week‟s lecture slides will be available on Blackboard before the lecture.How to get to BlackboardFaculty IT will send you an email containing instructions for activating your Faculty Blackboard account. Please check your university email, and follow the instructions given. Once you have activated your account, access Blackboard in the following manner.Start a web browser and open .auOn this page, click on the Login button:Login: Login using your UniKey account detailsAfter login you will see the page which states all the courses that you are enrolled in (according to the Student Information Office) and are activated by your lecturers. Your units can take up to 48 hours to appear in Blackboard after you‟ve enrolled. If you login after this time and it still doesn‟t appear, please contact the Student Information O ffice.Further information:For information regarding enrolments, please contact the Student Information Office.For information regarding the subject content please contact your lecturer.For information regarding technical questions or problems, please contact the faculty IT department in room 118 of building H69.).2.3.Assessment2.3.1 Types and due dates of assessment2.3.2Explanation of assessment• 5 online quizzes.These will be available on Blackboard under “Quizzes” on designated Wednesdays at 12:00pm. Students are advised to attempt and complete online quizzes regularly after they have covered and fully studied the relevant topics. All quizzes will be available online until 5pm Monday 15 February. The timetable for online quizzes is:You must do these quizzes alone. Do not allow anyone to see your answers, and do not ask anyone to help you do yours. When you consult the online tutor, do not ask for the answersto quiz questions.You will usually have to do 20 multiple-choice questions, randomly selected and ordered for you from a large set. Make sure that you allocate sufficient time to do them. Do not expect to complete them at the last minute—computers are not always available. Computer unavailability is not an acceptable excuse.NOTE: Provided a quiz is still available and not yet SUBMITTED, you can correct any previously saved answer.On the assignment page, you will find two buttons in the bottom right hand corner -"Save", "Submit". You may save your work by clicking on the "Save" button and continue the assignment at a later time. DO NOT CLICK on the "SUBMIT" button unless you have completed the assignment and want to get it graded.You can submit the assignment only "ONCE".The quizzes will be computer-marked. After the assignment is submitted, you will be able to see your score, and the GRADE is FINAL. It cannot be helped if you mistakenly submit your quiz too early.If you do not submit answers by the deadline for a quiz, you will not get marks.•One mid-semester test (90 minutes) scheduled to be held in-class on 28 January 2010. The mid-semester test will be closed-book. It will involve multiple choice questions and essay questions on topics studied in the course.•One final exam (two hours plus ten minutes reading time) held 1.50pm-5pm, 16 February at Civil Engineering Drawing Office. The final exam will be closed-book. It will involve multiple choice questions, essay questions based on ALL topics studied in the course. Questions will primarily come from the second-half of the course, but not exclusively.2.4.Workload and minimum requirementsAcademic Board guidelines state that one credit point equates to approximately 1.5 to 2 hours of student effort per week for a typical 13 week semester. This means that if you are an average student seeking to get an average result for this Unit then you should plan to spend at least 9 hours each week on learning in this unit. In a summer school course with 6 weeks of lectures you will need to spend 18-20 hours on average each week. If you are studying two x 6 credit point UoS you should plan to spend at least 36 hours each week on your study. These recommended hours assume that you are actively engaged in learning during this time. Your learning activities will include creating notes in your own words, visiting lecturers or tutors in consultation hours, discussing your work with friends to learn together, revising, researching in the library or online, reading, completing practice questions, participating in online discussionforums, preparing for tutorials and lectures by pre-reading, completing assessments. For more information on workload see the University Workload page2.5.FeedbackThe results from the mid-semester test will be posted as soon as they are marked, and answer scripts returned at the next lecture after that. Contact your online tutor on the Blackboard Discussion Board if you don‟t understand any assessment in a quiz or the mid-semester test.2.6.Academic honesty and plagiarismCommencing students should complete the academic honesty module available via Blackboard before their first assessment submission. Students should refer to theUniversity‟s policies on academic honesty and plagiarism (.au/policy), the Faculty‟s procedures for dealing with allegations (.au/sio) and use the assessment cover sheet.Academic honesty is important to protect students' right to receive due credit for work submitted for assessment. It is clearly unfair for students to submit work for assessment that dishonestly represents the work of others as their own and gain marks and degrees, which are not based on their own efforts and abilities. Deliberate breaches of academic honesty constitute academic misconduct. These breaches include: plagiarism, fabrication of data, recycling previously submitted material, engaging someone else to complete an assessment on one‟s behalf and misconduct during supervised assessments.The penalties for academic misconduct may include: a mark of zero on the assessment; a fail grade in the unit of study, additional assessment (including an unseen exam), and reference of the matter to the University Registrar.3.Student evaluation and feedbackThis unit has been taught many times in the past, and the feedback from students has been very helpful. For example, the availability of an online tutor was a recommendation by past students. The Discussion Board on Blackboard has become a very active and useful tool.At the end of the unit, a unit evaluation questionnaire will be distributed. Your suggestions will be welcomed. If you have any problems or suggestions during the semester, please contact your lecturer. If you have any suggestions for improvement during the semester, please put them on the Blackboard Discussion Board.4.University policies and servicesAll students must comply with and follow all Faculty and University policies and procedures. Faculty policies are contained in the Administration Manual for Students at.au/StudentManual (e.g. special consideration, appeals, late submission, feedback mechanisms, academic honesty and plagiarism). Assistance is available from the Fac ulty‟s Student Information Office at .au/sioUniversity policies at .au/policy include: academic honesty.au/ab/policies/Academic_Honesty_Cwk.pdf, plagiarism.au/senate/policies/Plagiarism.pdf. Assistance is available fr om the University‟s Student Centre .au/studentcentreThe code of conduct is an important policy which outlines the University‟s expectations about treating all staff employees and students with respect, dignity, impartiality, courtesy and sensitivity and refrain from acts of discrimination, harassment or bullying..au/ab/policies/Student_code_conduct.pdfLinks to other student services and resources are included on Blackboard and on the Faculty‟s Learning and Teaching website .au/students/learningsupport (e.g. counselling services)5.Topic and assessment scheduleNote: You are advised to obtain your textbook and download all readings by the end of the first week. Dates shown below are only approximate.Topic 1(5 January)Introduction; a brief look at global conditions wi th a focus on Australia‟s recent performance; national accounting; output and business cycles, inflation, unemployment.(Note: *is required reading)Blanchard and Sheen (B & S)* Chs 1, 2Littleboy and Taylor (L&T) Chs 1, 2 & 3Various statements & speeches on monetary policy and economic conditions/outlook in 2008 and 2009 Reserve Bank of Australia: .au/PublicationsAndResearch/ StatementsOnMonetaryPolicy/index.html; e.g. …Statement on Monetary Policy, 8 May 2009‟ ; …The Road to Recovery‟ speech by RBA Governor Glenn Stevens, April 2009; and for longer term background ,see Gruen, D. and G. Stevens (2000), “Australian Macroeconomic Performance and Policies in the 1990s”, in Gruen and Shrestha (eds.): The Australian Economy in the 1990s, Reserve Bank of Australia Conference Proceedings, July2000:.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Conferences/2000/GruenStevens.pdfTopic 2(7 January)The IS-LM model: Short-run goods market and money market equilibrium; monetary policy & fiscal policy; the policy mix – comparing a money supply rule with an interest rate rule.B&S* Chs 3, 4, 5L&T Chs 6, 7 & 8“Monetary Policy” Reserve Bank of Australia .au/Education/monetary_policy.html D Romer (2000), Keynesian Macroeconomics Without the LM Curve, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring, pp 149-169, and also NBER Working Paper No. 7461, Cambridge, January. [/papers/w7461]Topic 3(12 January)The labour market; wage and price setting in the medium run; the natural rate of unemployment; tax distortions and full employment.B&S* Ch 6L&T Ch 5OECD, 2006, “Boosting Jobs and Incomes - Policy Lessons from Reassessing the OECD Job Strategy”, /dataoecd/47/53/36889821.pdfTopic 4(14 January)The AS-AD model: All markets together from the short run to the medium run; aggregate supply; aggregate demand with a fixed money supply and with an interest rate rule using a price level target; monetary, fiscal and oil price shocks in the AS-AD model.B&S* Ch 7L&T Chs 9, 10 & 11G Stevens “Inflation Targeting: A Decade of Australian Experience” RBA 2003,.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Bulletin/bu_apr03/bu_0403_3.pdfS Grenville “Monetary Policy: The End of History?” RBA Bulletin, July 2001.au/Speeches/2001/sp_dg_200701.htmlTopic 5(19 January)Evolution of the Phillips curve; theories of expected inflation; inflation & economic activityB&S* Chs 8, 9D.Gruen, A Pagan, C Thompson “The Phillips Curve in Australia” RBA 1999,.au/PublicationsAndResearch/RDP/RDP1999-01.htmlTopic 6 (21 January)The Long run:Sources and theories of economic growth and productivity; convergence across countries - PPP comparisons; growth over 2000 years; savings and capital accumulation; the golden rule savings rateB&S* Chs 10, 11L&T, Ch. 4P Romer “The Origins of Endogenous Growth” Journal of Economic Perspectives Winter 1994Topic 7(2 February)Technology, population growth and the Solow model; …new‟ vs …old‟ economies; IT and growth; technology & unemploymentB&S* Chs 12, 13R Gordon “Does the …New Economy‟ Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past?” Journalof Economic Perspectives Fall 2000, & /papers/W7833J Simon & S Wardrop “Australian Use of Information Technology and its Contribution to Growth” RBA 2002 .au/PublicationsAndResearch/RDP/RDP2002-02.htmlTopic 8(4 February)Expectations - expected presented discounted value; nominal vs real interest rates; interest rates and monetary policy; the Fisher hypothesis; macroeconomic determinants of the yield curve or term structure; and of stock market prices; housing prices;expectations and consumption & investment; Tobin‟s q; expectations and the ISLM model.B&S* Chs 14, 15, 16, 17Topic 9: (9 February)The exchange rate; nominal & real, bilateral & multilateral exchange rates; the balance of payments; interest parity condition; the goods market in an open economy; exchange rates and net exports; J-curve; saving, investment and the trade balance.B&S* Chs 18, 19L&T Ch 15Reserve Bank Bulletin, “Recent Trends in World Saving and Investment Patterns” October 2005, .au/PublicationsAndResearch/Bulletin/bu_oct05/recent_trends.htmlTopic 10: (11 February)The Mundell-Fleming model under floating exchange rates (with interest rate setting and inflation targeting); fixed exchange rates and exchange rate crises; exchange rate overshooting; choosing the exchange rate regime.B&S* Chs 20, 21I MacFarlane “Recent Influences on the Exchange Rate”, RBA Bulletin December 2000,.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Bulletin/bu_dec00/bu_1200_1.pdf。
ECON5001_Microeconomics_2008 Semester 1_Mid_Semester exam ECON5001_2004
Discipline of EconomicsECON 5001: MICROECONOMICSMid-Semester Test(Friday September 10, 2004)Instructions1.The test lasts for 1½ hours. Maximum marks = 40.2.The test consists of two parts. You must answer ALL questions in both parts.(i).Part A Multiple Choice: 20 questions (1 mark each).Answer on the sheet provided.(ii).Part B Problems: 2 problems (10 marks each).Answer in the booklet provided.3.Put your name, SID, and stream on the multiple choice answer sheet, and theexam booklet. Failure to comply may result in a mark of zero.4.This is a closed book exam: no notes are allowed. Non-programmable calculatorsare permitted.5.University of Sydney Examination Regulations apply. No person may leave theexamination room in the first 30 minutes or in the last 20 minutes of the exam. 6.GOOD LUCK!Part A: Multiple Choice (20 marks)1. The slope of an indifference curve reveals:a.that preferences are complete.b.the marginal rate of substitution of one good for another good.c.the ratio of market prices.d.that preferences are transitive.e.none of the above.2. Jane is trying to decide which courses to take next semester. She has narroweddown her choice to two courses Econ 1 and Econ 2. Now she is having trouble.She just cannot decide whi ch of the two courses to take. It’s not that she isindifferent between the two courses, she just cannot decide. An economistwould say that this is an example of preferences that:a.are not transitive.b.are incomplete.c.violate the assumption that more is preferred to less.d.all of the above.3. If a consumer must spend her entire income on some combination of twocommodities and chooses to spend it all on just one of the commodities then:a.the other commodity is an economic bad.b.the other commodity must have zero marginal utility.c.the other commodity generates less utility per dollar spent on the good.d.the two commodities must be perfect substitutes.4. The change in the price of one good has no effect on the quantity demanded ofanother good. These goods are:plements.b.substitutes.c.both inferior.d.both Giffen goods.e.none of the above.5. The income-consumption curve for Dana between Q A and Q B is given by theequation Q A = Q B. His budget constraint is given as:120 = Q A + 4Q BHow much Q A will Dana consume to maximize utility?a.0.b.24.c.30.d.60.e.More information is needed to answer this question.6. Assume that beer is a normal good. If the price of beer rises, then thesubstitution effect results in the person buying ______ of the good and theincome effect results in the person buying ______ of the good.a.more, more.b.more, less.c.less, more.d.less, less.7. Which of the following will cause the price of beer to rise?a. A shift to the right in the demand curve for beer.b. A shift to the left in the supply curve of beer.c.both (a) and (b).d.none of the above.8. Blanca would prefer a certain income of $20,000 to a gamble with a 0.5probability of $10,000 and a 0.5 probability of $30,000. Based on thisinformation:a.we can infer that Blanca neutral.b.we can infer that Blanca is risk averse.c.we can infer that Blanca is risk loving.d.we cannot infer Blanca's risk preferences.Wanting to invest in the computer games industry, you select Whizbo, Yowzo and Zowiebo as the three best firms. Over the past 10 years, the three firms have had good years and bad years. The following table shows their performance:9. Refer to the table above. Where is the highest expected revenue, based on the10 years' past performance?a.Whizbo.b.Yowzo.c.Zowiebo.d.Whizbo and Yowzo.e.Yowzo and Zowiebo.10. The price of good A goes up. As a result the demand for good B shifts to theleft. From this we can infer that:a.good A is used to produce good B.b.good B is used to produce good A.c.goods A and B are substitutes.d.goods A and B are complements.e.none of the above.11. A firm uses two factors of production. Irrespective of how much of each factoris used, both factors always have positive marginal products which imply thata. isoquants are relevant only in the long run.b. isoquants have negative slope.c. isoquants are convex.d. isoquants can become vertical or horizontal.e. none of the above.12. A firm's marginal product of labor is 4 and its marginal product of capital is 5.If the firm adds one unit of labor, but does not want its output quantity tochange, the firm shoulda. use five fewer units of capital.b. use 0.8 fewer units of capital.c. use 1.25 fewer units of capital.d. add 1.25 units of capital.13. If input prices are constant, a firm with increasing returns to scale can expecta. costs to double as output doubles.b. costs to more than double as output doubles.c. costs to go up less than double as output doubles.d. to hire more and more labor for a given amount of capital, since marginalproduct increases.e. to never reach the point where the marginal product of labor is equal tothe wage.14. Which of the following is not an expression for the cost minimizing combinationof inputs?a. MRTS = MP L / MP K.b. MP L / w = MP K / r.c. MRTS = w / r.d. MP L / MP K = w / r.e. None of these.15. A firm wants to minimize the total cost of producing 100 tons of dynamite. Thefirm uses two factors of production, chemicals and labor. The combination of chemicals and labor that minimizes production costs will be found wherea.the marginal products of chemicals and labor are equal.b.the ratio of the amount of chemicals used to the amount of labor usedequals the ratio of the marginal product of chemicals to the marginalproduct of labor.c.the ratio of the amount of chemicals used to the amount of labor usedequals the ratio of the price of chemicals to the wage rate.d.the production of an additional unit of dynamite costs the same regardlessof whether chemicals or labor are used.e.none of the above.16. A firm employs 100 workers at a wage rate of $10 per hour, and 50 units ofcapital at a rate of $21 per hour. The marginal product of labor is 3, and themarginal product of capital is 5. The firma. is producing its current output level at the minimum cost.b. could reduce the cost of producing its current output level by employingmore capital and less labor.c. could reduce the cost of producing its current output level by employingmore labor and less capital.d. could increase its output at no extra cost by employing more capital andless labor.e. both (b) and (d) are true.17. When an isocost line is just tangent to an isoquant, we know thata.output is being produced at minimum cost.b.output is not being produced at minimum cost.c.the two products are being produced at the least input cost to the firm.d.the two products are being produced at the highest input cost to the firm.18. If current output is less than the profit-maximizing output, then the next unitproduceda.will decrease profit.b.will increase cost more than it increases revenue.c.will increase revenue more than it increases cost.d.will increase revenue without increasing cost.e.may or may not increase profit.19. If a graph of a perfectly competitive firm shows that the MR = MC point occurswhere MR is above AVC but below ATC,a.the firm is earning negative profit, and will shut down rather thanproduce that level of output.b.the firm is earning negative profit, but will continue to produce whereMR = MC in the short run.c.the firm is still earning positive profit, as long as variable costs arecovered.d.the firm is covering explicit, but not implicit, costs.e.the firm can cover all of fixed costs but only a portion of variable costs.20.When the price faced by a competitive firm was $5, the firm produced nothingin the short run. However, when the price rose to $10, the firm produced 100 tons of output. From this we can infer thata.the firm's marginal cost curve must be flat.b.the firm's marginal costs of production never fall below $5.c.the firm's average cost of production was less than $10.d.the firm's total cost of producing 100 tons is less than $1000.e.the minimum value of the firm's average variable cost lies between $5and $10.Part B: Problems (20 marks - Answer BOTH questions)1. (10 marks)Mark derives utility from attending rock concerts (R) and fromcolas (C) as follows:U(C,R) = C 0.9R 0.1.The marginal utility of cola (MU C) and the marginal utility of rock concerts(MU R) are given as follows:MU C = 0.9C −0.1R 0.1 ,MU R = 0.1C 0.9R−0.9 ,withMRS = MU C/ MU R = 9R / C.a.If the price of cola (P C) is $1 and the price of concert tickets (P R)is $30 and Natasha's income is $300, how many colas and ticketsshould Natasha buy to maximize utility? (4 marks)b.Suppose that the promoters of rock concerts require each fan tobuy 4 tickets or none at all. Under this constraint and given theprices and income in (a), how many colas and tickets shouldNatasha buy to maximize utility? (4 marks)c.Is Natasha better off under the conditions in (a) or (b)? Explainyour answer. (2 marks)2.(10 marks)Consider a competitive market made up of a large number ofidentical firms. The market demand curve for the product is:Q = 1,000 – 50P,where P is price and Q is quantity. The market supply is expressed as:Q = 200P– 1,000.A typical firm in the industry has a marginal cost function as follows:MC = 5 + 0.5Q.a.Determine the market equilibrium price and quantity for theindustry. (2 marks)b.Determine each firm’s ou tput level and the number of firms in theindustry. (2 marks)c.Suppose that the government imposes a tax of $1 per unit ofoutput produced by firms. Compute the new equilibrium price inthe market after the tax is imposed. (3 marks)d.Suppose that the price in (a) represented a long-run equilibrium inthe market. Does the new equilibrium (c) represent a long-runequilibrium? What adjustments, if any, will occur in the industry?Explain. (3 marks)***** END OF TEST ******。
绿色经济大学英语教材
绿色经济大学英语教材IntroductionGreen Economy: An Introduction to Sustainability in BusinessIn recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of sustainable development and environmental protection. Countries around the world are increasingly incorporating the concept of a green economy into their policies and practices. As such, there is a need for educational materials to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of this vital topic. In this article, we will explore the content and format of a green economy university English textbook.Chapter 1: Understanding Sustainable Development1.1 Definition and Importance- Defining sustainable development and its significance in economic, social, and environmental contexts.1.2 Historical Perspective- Exploring the origins and evolution of sustainable development, including key milestones and global agreements.1.3 Principles of Sustainability- Discussing the core principles of sustainability, such as intergenerational equity, integration, and precautionary approach.Chapter 2: The Three Pillars of the Green Economy2.1 Economic Pillar- Examining the economic aspects of the green economy, including green growth, circular economy, and sustainable entrepreneurship.2.2 Social Pillar- Analyzing the social dimensions of the green economy, such as social equity, poverty eradication, and inclusive development.2.3 Environmental Pillar- Highlighting the environmental components of the green economy, focusing on biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and resource efficiency.Chapter 3: Green Economy Policy and Governance3.1 National Strategies and Plans- Exploring examples of national green economy strategies and plans, discussing their objectives, implementation mechanisms, and progress.3.2 International Cooperation- Investigating the role of international organizations and agreements in promoting green economies globally.3.3 Institutional Framework- Examining the governance structures and institutions that support the transition to a green economy at the national and international levels.Chapter 4: Green Business and Industries4.1 Green Marketing and Consumer Behavior- Discussing the role of green marketing in promoting sustainable products and influencing consumer choices.4.2 Renewable Energy and Clean Technologies- Exploring renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, and discussing the role of clean technologies in reducing environmental impacts.4.3 Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems- Analyzing sustainable agricultural practices, organic farming, and the promotion of local and organic food systems.Chapter 5: Case Studies and Best Practices5.1 National Case Studies- Showcasing successful green economy initiatives and projects implemented by different countries.5.2 Corporate Best Practices- Highlighting companies that have successfully integrated sustainability into their business practices, leading to both economic and environmental benefits.5.3 Community Initiatives- Examining grassroots initiatives and community-led projects aimed at achieving sustainable development goals.ConclusionThe development of a university English textbook on the green economy is crucial in preparing tomorrow's leaders to navigate the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing world. By providing comprehensive knowledge on sustainable development, green business, and effective policy implementation, the textbook equips students with the skills needed to contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous future.。
零碳主题英语作文
零碳主题英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Embracing the Zero-Carbon LifestyleIntroductionIn recent years, the issue of climate change has become one of the most pressing challenges facing our world today. The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation are leading to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting in a rise in global temperatures and a range of catastrophic consequences. As individuals, we all have a role to play in addressing this crisis, and one way we can make a difference is by embracing a zero-carbon lifestyle. This essay will explore the benefits of living azero-carbon lifestyle and provide practical tips on how individuals can reduce their carbon footprint.Benefits of a Zero-Carbon LifestyleLiving a zero-carbon lifestyle has numerous benefits, both for the individual and for the planet as a whole. By reducing or eliminating our carbon footprint, we can help to slow down the pace of climate change and protect the environment for futuregenerations. Additionally, adopting a zero-carbon lifestyle can lead to improved health and well-being, as many of the actions we can take to reduce our carbon footprint, such as walking or cycling instead of driving, also promote physical exercise and reduce air pollution.Practical Tips for Living a Zero-Carbon LifestyleThere are many simple changes we can make in our daily lives to reduce our carbon footprint and move towards azero-carbon lifestyle. Some practical tips include:1. Reduce energy consumption by turning off lights and appliances when not in use, using energy-efficient light bulbs, and insulating your home to reduce heating and cooling costs.2. Use public transportation, carpool, bike, or walk instead of driving a car to reduce emissions from transportation.3. Eat a plant-based diet or reduce meat consumption, as livestock farming is a major source of methane emissions.4. Reduce, reuse, and recycle to minimize waste and conserve resources.5. Support companies and products that are committed to sustainability and reduce waste and emissions in their production processes.ConclusionIn conclusion, embracing a zero-carbon lifestyle is not only essential for combating climate change but also offers numerous benefits for individuals and society as a whole. By making simple changes in our daily lives and reducing our carbon footprint, we can help to create a more sustainable and healthy world for future generations. It is important for each of us to take responsibility for our actions and work towards a zero-carbon future. Together, we can make a difference and protect our planet for generations to come.篇2Title: Embracing the Zero Carbon LifestyleWith the increasing awareness of environmental issues, more and more people are becoming conscious of their carbon footprint. The concept of zero carbon living has gained popularity in recent years as a way to reduce our impact on the environment. Adopting a zero carbon lifestyle involves making conscious choices in all aspects of our daily lives, from the way we travel to how we heat our homes. In this essay, we will explore the importance of zero carbon living and how individuals can make a difference by embracing this sustainable lifestyle.First and foremost, switching to a zero carbon lifestyle is crucial for combating climate change. The burning of fossil fuels for energy production is one of the leading causes of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming. By reducing our reliance on carbon-intensive activities such as driving gas-powered vehicles or using electricity generated from coal, we can significantly decrease our carbon footprint and help mitigate the effects of climate change.One of the key aspects of zero carbon living is adopting renewable energy sources. Solar panels, wind turbines, and geothermal systems are all sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels that can power our homes and businesses. By investing in renewable energy technologies, individuals can reduce their dependence on polluting energy sources and contribute to a cleaner, greener future.Another important component of zero carbon living is sustainable transportation. Instead of driving alone in a car, individuals can opt for public transportation, biking, or walking to reduce their carbon emissions. Carpooling and ridesharing services are also effective ways to lower the environmental impact of travel. By choosing eco-friendly transportation options,individuals can help reduce air pollution and congestion while promoting a healthier environment.In addition to energy and transportation, zero carbon living also involves making sustainable choices in other areas of our lives. This includes reducing waste, conserving water, and supporting local and organic food sources. By practicing mindful consumption and minimizing our environmental impact, we can create a more sustainable future for generations to come.While transitioning to a zero carbon lifestyle may seem daunting at first, there are many resources and support systems available to help individuals make the switch. From government incentives for renewable energy to eco-friendly products and services, there are plenty of options for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint. By taking small steps towards a more sustainable lifestyle, individuals can make a meaningful difference in the fight against climate change.In conclusion, embracing a zero carbon lifestyle is essential for protecting the planet and securing a sustainable future for all. By making conscious choices in how we consume energy, transport ourselves, and live our daily lives, we can reduce our carbon footprint and help create a cleaner, greener world. It is up to each and every one of us to take responsibility for our actionsand make a positive impact on the environment. Together, we can work towards a zero carbon future and ensure a healthy planet for future generations to enjoy.篇3Zero Carbon Theme EssayWith the growing awareness of climate change and the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, the concept of zero carbon has become increasingly important in the global conversation on sustainability. Aiming for zero carbon means taking significant steps towards reducing our carbon footprint and ultimately achieving a carbon-neutral lifestyle. In this essay, we will explore the importance of the zero carbon movement, its impact on the environment, and the actions that individuals and societies can take to contribute to a zero carbon future.The term "zero carbon" refers to the goal of eliminating the net carbon emissions produced by human activities. This involves reducing the amount of greenhouse gases produced through activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. By transitioning to clean energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, we can significantlyreduce our carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of climate change.The zero carbon movement is crucial in addressing the environmental challenges we face today. Climate change is already having devastating effects on our planet, from rising sea levels and extreme weather events to habitat destruction and species loss. By striving for zero carbon, we can help slow down the pace of climate change and protect the environment for future generations.Individuals can play a significant role in the zero carbon movement by making sustainable choices in their daily lives. This can include reducing energy consumption, using public transportation or carpooling, recycling and composting, and supporting businesses that prioritize sustainability. By taking these small but impactful actions, we can collectively reduce our carbon footprint and make a positive impact on the environment.Societies and governments also have a critical role to play in the transition to zero carbon. Policies and regulations that promote renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, and sustainable practices are essential in creating a conducive environment for the zero carbon movement to thrive.Investments in clean energy infrastructure, research and development, and public awareness campaigns can further accelerate the transition to a zero carbon future.In conclusion, the zero carbon movement is a crucial step towards addressing climate change and ensuring a sustainable future for our planet. By reducing our carbon emissions, we can mitigate the effects of climate change, protect the environment, and create a healthier and more sustainable world for future generations. It is up to all of us to take action and contribute to the zero carbon movement, one small step at a time. Let us work together towards a zero carbon future and make a positive impact on the environment.。
Topic 1 Introduction
Trygve Haavelmo (Norway)
1980 Nobel Laureates in Economics
Lawrence R. Klein (University of Pennsylvania), “For the creation of econometric models and their application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies”
Topic 1: Introduction to Econometrics
What is econometrics? Why study econometrics? Types of econometrics Nobel Prize and Econometrics Methodology of econometrics
2. Specification of the Mathematical Model 1) Specification of variables e.g. consumption (income) inflation (money supply of the previous period, GDP growth rate) income (qualification, IQ, EQ, gender, etc.) weight (height, gender, race, age, etc.) * It should be based on economic theory and analysis of economic phenomena * Data availability * The relationship among variables: independence
SolutionsManualforIntroductiontoModernEconomicGrow
Solutions Manual for Introduction to Modern EconomicGrowth 课程设计介绍本文档为 Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程设计的解答手册，旨在帮助学生更好地理解课程内容，并帮助教师更好地进行教学和评估学生学习情况。
Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程旨在介绍经济增长理论和实践的基本概念、工具和方法，以及其中的主要问题和争议。
本课程主要围绕经济增长的方方面面展开，课程内容涵盖复杂动态模型、人口增长、财政政策、创新和技术进步、投资和储蓄、收入分配等主题。
本文档将包含本课程中所有作业、测验和考试的答案和解释，其中涵盖的主题包括但不限于：•Solow-Swan 模型•Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans 模型•Lucas 模型•开放经济增长模型•技术进步和创新使用说明本文档为解答手册，仅适用于 Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程的授课教师和注册学生，不得用于商业目的。
本文档的解答仅供参考，不保证完全准确和全面，故读者不得将本文档的解答作为独立答案提交批改。
授课教师应该根据自己的判断和教学目的，结合作业、测验和考试的具体要求，对学生提交的答案进行综合评估。
内容目录本文档按照课程内容的顺序，为每个主题提供了解答，并在每个主题下面提供了相关习题的解答。
第一部分： Solow-Swan 模型•Solow 模型基本假设和方程•Solow 模型的稳态和动态效应•Solow 模型的经验检验•带人口增长和技术进步的 Solow 模型•Solow 模型的扩展 - 残留同质性模型第二部分： Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans 模型•Ramsey 模型基本假设和方程•Ramsey 模型的稳态和动态效应•Ramsey 模型相对于 Solow 模型的比较•Cass-Koopmans 模型与跨代模型•Cass-Koopmans 模型中的稳态和路径分析第三部分： Lucas 模型•Lucas 模型的基本假设和方程•Lucas 模型的平衡和稳态•Lucas 模型中的在线性化和泰勒扩展•Lucas 模型中的比较静态分析第四部分：开放经济增长模型•开放经济增长模型的定义和分类•开放经济增长模型的五个基本假设•开放经济增长模型中的汇率和资本流动•开放经济增长模型中的贸易政策和贸易自由化第五部分：技术进步和创新•技术进步的概念和分类•技术进步和经济增长的关系•创新的概念和类型•创新与经济增长的关系•知识产权和创新政策结论Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程涉及的主题和内容广泛深入，涵盖了现代经济增长理论和实践的众多方面。
环境科学概论 INTRODUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies and methods ? 4. Which type of environmental filed do you want to engage in your future work? What
Environment is the complex of nature, social, culture and economy other than human being.
1.1.2 Environmental types
According to the subject
According to the cause of formation
The environment researched in Environmental Science is the external world where human beings are the mainstay, the complex of material condition supporting human survival and development, including the natural environment and artificial environment (Liu Peitong, 1984).
Examples of diversity of natural enviroment
00+概述
法律问题
伦理问题
LiJT
首先弄清楚几个基本概念
相当于我们课程的公理
–
后续内容建立在这些公理之上
1、公众网络
– •
私有网络/专用网络/private network Internet
复旦软件学院 李景涛
几个基本概念
2、信息安全、隐私、保密性之辨析
–
信息安全的含义最广
如可用性、完整性等等；举例
授课计划
三个部分
信息保密 的科学方法
公众网络中 安全与隐私 的保护技术
隐私与安全 法律与伦理
LiJT
内容间的联系
密码学 初探
从历史发展来看 信息保密的科学方法
什么是 隐私与安全?
讨论、总结、清晰
LiJT
内容间的联系
密码学 初探
公众网络中隐私与安全 保护技术
数字签名、数字证书等 应用相当广泛
什么是 隐私与安全?
网络隐私与安全（00）
李景涛 lijt@
复旦大学 软件学院
课程简介
主讲: 李景涛 E-Mail: lijt@ BBS ID: jtli Phone: 51355373-8002 Office: 软件楼316 Mobile: 1376 研究领域: 网络安全
复旦软件学院 李景涛Biblioteka 吕俊辉等译 机械工业出版 社
复旦软件学院 李景涛
参考教材 – 好书难觅
密码编码学与网络安全 ——原理与实践（第四 版） Stallings著 电子工业出版 社
复旦软件学院 李景涛
参考书
计算机网络安全技术教程. – 谢冬青，冷健等 – 机械工业出版社
复旦软件学院 李景涛
另一本很好的教材
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Grading
Final test, up to 30/30 points In class participation +/- 2 points +/5 open exercises, closed books Time 60 minutes
Alberto De Marco
6
Introduction
Different perspectives of economics studies
MacroMacro-economics
Branch of economics which studies a nation economy as a whole Analyzes the global trends of extended economic system Studies the impact of government policy (e.g. taxation level, interest rates, incentive policies) on the national balance sheet and on the GNP (Gross National Product)
Business Economics
Business economics
Business economics
Focuses on the company and its governance rules Analyzes the way of exchanging information, resources goods information resources, and money between the company and the external environment Studies the company’s decision making, organization and work processes
Alberto De Marco
2
Introduction
Economics for Engineering
Introducing dr. De Marco
Education:
B.Sc. Building Engineering - Politecnico di Torino, Italy M.Sc. Construction Engineering & Management – ENPC Paris, France Ph.D. Project Management for Industrial Facilities - Politecnico d d di Torino, Italy Past experience:
General contractors Change mng and IT tools for construction Public Private Partnership projects
Married with 2 children
Outline
Class Objective Course Information Context Lecture Outlines
Professor/researcher project management and industrial facilities at P f / h j d i d i l f ili i PoliTo/UniCatt/UniBz/MIT PoliTo/UniCatt/UniBz/MIT Consultant for plant engineering and construction organization
Course slides (pdf black&white prints, do not you worry!) Pdf Readings (if applicable) g ( pp )
Textbook (recommended) recommended)
Weygandt, Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D. and Kieso, D.E. (2008), Kieso, Managerial Accounting: Tools for Decision Making, 4th Ed. John Making, Wiley & Sons
Lecture notes posted on course website Room B404
Topics p
Lectures Exercise and problem sets Seminars
Alberto De Marco
1
IntroductionEonomics for Engineering
Economics for Engineering
Outline
Class Objective Course Information Context: Business economics Lecture Outlines
Economics
Economics
is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services is the science analysing the processes and the activities that are performed by individuals and companies in order to take decisions involved with the usage of limited resources and satisfaction of needs aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact. Economic analysis is applied throughout society, in business and finance y,
Assistant Project Manager Senior Lecturer – Project Management courses Post Doc - Project Dynamics for Engineering & Construction
Experience:
Currently:
Economic activities
are all kind of activities aiming at satisfying needs: production, commerce, distribution, etc.
Alberto De Marco
7
Introduction
Economics for Engineering
MicroMicro-economics
Branch of economics dealing with allocation of limited resources, economic phenomena at the individual consumer level (demand-offer (demandlaw, price sensitivity, etc.)
Economics for Engineering
Economics for Engineering Introduction
Instructor: Alberto De Marco
Class Schedule
Schedule
Tue Fri 15.20-17.00 15.2008.00-09.40, 10.00-11.40 08.0010.00-
Attending both lectures and recitations is recommended d d Students are strongly encouraged to participate in discussions Please interrupt presentations at any point for interactive discussions
Alberto De Marco
5
Introduction
Economics for Engineering
Course ftp directory
Lecture slides posted before or after lectures Assignment materials distributed through course website
Business economics studies companies using various perspectives:
Internal: cost formation, utilization of resources, production organization, etc. i i External: relationships with different companies, marketing, sourcing, distribution of goods, etc. Informative: documentation describing the profit & loss of the company, its assets, the balance between debits and credits, etc.
Class agenda
Weeks 1-5
A. De Marco - Business Economics
Cost accounting Capital budgenting Financial statements