cyber_words
Neologism
Most video games are just brain candy.
2.Semantic arguments语义理据
• 1 引申法 a) 从特指到泛指的引申:新词语义主要是由表示具体 概念的原有词汇添加新义,或和其他词汇构成的合成 词组 home at home and abroad国内外 b) 从泛指到特指的引申:这类新词主要是原有词汇在 新的文化环境下添加新义、或改变词性的同时添加新 义形成的,一些合成词的意义也是从构成合成词的词和 词缀的意思具体化而来 gate-keeper看门人 把守(记忆) 闸门的分子(指神 经细胞中控制化学品通道的 分子)
money laundering bar code Bluetooth soft landing bachelor mother
洗钱 条形码 蓝牙 软着陆 单身母亲
dragon lady dry goods red eye
“龙女人”？ “干货”？ “红眼”？
女强人 纺织品 廉价威士忌
翻译的策略
复合型(Compounding)
3.复合型 （compounding）：两个或两个以 复合型 ）：两个或两个以 ）： 上的词按照一定的次序排列构成的新词 如： extramarital affair mortgage slave farewell dinner Mic king / Mic queen couples dress
自考英语二教材课文讲义
2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义u n i t11(总10页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--Unit 11 Cyber WorldI. New words and expressions New words1. chatline n. （消遣性的）热线电话交谈服务2. variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样vary vary from…to…比较：range / shift from…to…various3. romance n. 恋爱；爱情romantic4. bizarre adj. 极其怪诞的；异乎寻常的5. potential adj. 潜在的；可能的6. script n. 剧本；广播（或讲话等）稿7. intimacy n . 亲密；关系密切intimate8. initial adj. 最初的；开始的9. perceive v. 将…视为；认为10. avalanche n. 雪崩；山崩11. literary adj. 文学的；文学上的literatureliteralliteraryliterateliberal12. verse n. 诗；韵文13. animated adj. 栩栩如生的；（似）能活动的14. inclination n. 倾向；意愿inclineinclined15. sweaty adj. 满是汗的；汗津津的16. palm n. 手掌；手心17. vary v. 相异；不同18. convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等）19. polish v. 修改；润饰；润色20. intellect n. （尤稻高等的）智力，思维逻辑领悟力21. personality n. 性格；个性；人格22. sequence n. 顺序；次序23. reverse v. 颠倒；彻底转变；使完全相反24. veil v. 掩饰；掩盖unveil 揭露，揭开25. intellectual adj. 智力的；脑力的；理智的26. familiarity n. 熟悉；通晓familiarfamiliarize27. appearance n. 外貌；外表28. intensity n. 强烈；紧张；剧烈intense29. stirring n. （感情、想法或发展的）开始，出现，萌发31. flesh n. （动物或人的）肉32. suspect v. 疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）33. correspondence n. 通信；通信联系34. albeit conj. 尽管；虽然35. demon n. 恶魔；魔鬼36. determine v. 决定determineddetermination37. extract v. 选取；摘录；录38. addict n. 对…入迷的人addictedaddictivebe / get addicted to sth.39. hop v. 突然快速去某处40. flirtation n. 调情41. addictive adj. 使人入迷的42. confession n. 认罪；供认；坦白43. multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的44. court v. （男子向女子）求爱，追求Phrases and Expressions1. head over heels in love深深地爱着某人；迷恋2. butterflies in the stomach心里七上八下3. deprive…of…剥夺；使丧失II. Text LearningCyber love① Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they've talked and sent letters to eachother with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling headover heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not only the virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his lady were separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and Martijn have been living together happily ever since. They've created a home page to let the world know how they've found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who've met under similar circumstances.②Throughout history men and women had used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to others itis a natural way for the 90's to meet potential mates.③ Romances formed on the internet follow a characteristic script.The development of emotional intimacy is a long process, sometimes taking several months. "Love at first byte" is rare although there are examples. (1)The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open and an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyber space carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verses and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures). Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist (2)When you reach for the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail - there's just no way to escape the fact - love has arrived.④ How does a cyber romance vary from a real life romancePerhaps one significant difference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. (3)While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes, on the internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. (4)In essence, the sequence is reversed - first we show our inner beauty and only after it had won victory does the veil fall off the physical vehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.⑤ It is a popular topic in cyberspace to debate whether or not true love can develop merely on an intellectual level（智力方面，精神方面，即"精神恋爱"）, without physical attraction or the familiarity of the other's appearance (5)To put it another way: is the physical appearance of the man or woman play a part in the relationship if, through the exchange of thoughts and feelings, they already fell in love?本部分重点及难点：1. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend.不管是通过电子邮件还是聊天室，最初是简单的交流，然后是越来越多自我表露的话题，过了一段时间之后，两个陌生人把彼此当成了真正的朋友。
cyber开头的英文单词
cyber开头的英文单词Cybersecurity: Protecting the Digital FrontierIntroductionIn this digital age, our lives are increasingly intertwined with technology, making us vulnerable to cyber threats. As we become more reliant on technology, the need for robust cybersecurity measures becomes paramount. In this article, we will explore the world of cybersecurity and discuss the importance of protecting our digital frontier.Understanding CybersecurityCybersecurity refers to the practice of protecting computers, servers, networks, and data from unauthorized access or damage. With the rapid advancements in technology, cyber threats have also evolved, becoming more sophisticated and pervasive. The term "cyber" in cybersecurity refersto the virtual world, encompassing everything related to information technology and the internet.Types of Cyber Threats1. Malware: Malicious software such as viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware pose a significant threat to individual users and organizations. Malware can infiltrate systems via email attachments, infected websites, or unauthorized downloads, compromising sensitive data and causing system crashes.2. Phishing: Phishing attacks involve tricking individuals into revealing their personal or financial information through fraudulent emails or websites.Cybercriminals often masquerade as reputable organizations to deceive unsuspecting victims, leading to identity theft and financial losses.3. Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks: These attacks aim to overload a system or network with excessive traffic, rendering it inaccessible to legitimate users. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in the target's infrastructure, flooding it with traffic, and disrupting services.4. Data Breaches: Data breaches involve unauthorized access to confidential information, such as personal identities, financial records, or corporate secrets. These breaches can have severe consequences for both individuals and organizations, leading to reputational damage, legal liabilities, and financial losses.5. Social Engineering: Cybercriminals exploit human psychology and manipulate individuals into sharing sensitive information or granting access to secure systems. Social engineering techniques may include impersonation, manipulation, or coercion, making it crucial to raise awareness and educate users.Protecting the Digital Frontier1. Strong Passwords: Using unique, complex passwords for different accounts is essential. A mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters should be employed to enhance password security.2. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implementing MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring additional authentication steps beyond passwords. This could include biometric identification, security tokens, or one-time codes sent to mobile devices.3. Regular Software Updates: Keeping operating systems, applications, and security software up to date is crucial in mitigating vulnerabilities exploited by cybercriminals. Software updates often include security patches that address known weaknesses.4. Employee Training: Organizations should conduct regular cybersecurity awareness training sessions to educate employees about potential threats, safe browsing practices, and data protection protocols. Employees should be vigilant in recognizing suspicious emails, links, or attachments.5. Network Security: Implementing firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and secure network configurations can help prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data. Regular network monitoring and audits should be conducted to identify and address potential vulnerabilities.6. Data Backup and Recovery: Regularly backing up critical data and storing backups offline or in secure cloud storage ensure that data can be restored in the event of a cyber attack or system failure.ConclusionIn the ever-expanding digital landscape, cybersecurity plays a vital role in safeguarding our personal information, businesses, and critical infrastructure. Employing robust cybersecurity measures, raising awareness, and staying updated with the latest security practices are essential in protecting our digital frontier. By taking necessary precautions and adhering to best practices, we can ensure a safer online environment for ourselves and future generations.。
2025届湖北省武汉市硚口区高三起点考试七月质量检测英语试卷
2025届湖北省武汉市硚口区高三起点考试七月质量检测英语试卷一、阅读理解Where to eat in MalaysiaMalaysia offers a wide range of food choices, ranging from fine dining to street food. Elsewhere, restaurants and food stalls are readily available.Old China CafeEating here is a little like dining in a museum as the walls are lined with photos and memorabilia of the local Chinese laundryman’s association. Chinese and Asian dishes keep regulars and travellers coming back for more. The menu changes monthly.San PedroThis restaurant serves Portuguese cuisine. Try the baked fish (seabass or red snapper), curry debal chicken (can be quite spicy), fried brinjals and the black pepper crabs, Call ahead to reserve a table (and your fish), because once their fish runs out, they will close for the day.The BungalowFacing the hotel pool and the beach, this restaurant has indoor and outdoor seating. At night, the atmosphere is very romantic. The Chinese menu concentrates on traditional Hainanese dishes, but includes dishes such as fish curry, chicken rice and filet mignon.No. 7 Sup CornerEven if you miss this buffet-style restaurant at the road bend, you will not miss the number of cars parked at the road shoulder or the locals heading to it during lunchtime. It serves Malay dishes. First get your plate of rice, and then take whatever you would like to eat. Present your food plate to the lady at the counter and pay for it. Closed on Fridays and during Ramadan. Come early as there’s always a crowd outside.1．What do Old China Cafe and the Bungalow have in common?A．They are based in hotels.B．They have seasonal set menus.C．They have atmospheric settings.D．They adopt modern cooking methods. 2．Which restaurant serves western cuisine?A．Old China Cafe.B．No.7 Sup Corner.C．The Bungalow.D．San Pedro.3．What do we know about No. 7 Sup Corner?A．It is inconveniently located.B．It is a self-service restaurant.C．It requires a restaurant booking.D．It opens every day except the weekends.Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has just been awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”.The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”, although the 64-year-old originally made his name as a novelist, beginning with Red, Black in 1983. He has since written many works of prose and poetry. “His literary works, spanning a variety of genres(体裁), comprises about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children’s books and translations,” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature.Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style. Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was immersed in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection(内省) that is reflected in his works. Fosse’s writing discussed themes of desolateness(孤独，苍凉), longing, and the search for meaning in life. Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and existential des-pair.“He touches you so deeply when you read his works,” said Anders Olsson. “What is special about him is the closeness in his writing. It touches your deepest feelings-anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death-which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning. In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of every-thing that he writes-it has appeal to this basic humanity.”Fosse is the first-ever laureate writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only used by just 10% of the population. As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse ‘as a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse’s recognition on a global stage promotes the visibility and importance of Nynorsk as a writtenstandard. It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and promoting their linguistic(语言的) heritage.4．What do we know about Jon Fosse from paragraph 2?A．His most popular work is the play Red, Black.B．He accomplished various genres of literature works.C．Many famous plays are the inspiration for his writing.D．His language skills earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature.5．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A．Jon Fosse’s tough experiences.B．Jon Fosse’s motivation for writing.C．The major themes of Jon Fosse’s works.D．The effect of Jon Fosse’s life on his writing style.6．What is special about Jon Fosse’s works according to Anders Olsson?A．They explore the meaning of life.B．They touch human’s deepest emotions.C．They show the bond between humans and nature.D．They appeal to readers to focus on personal feelings.7．What contribution of Jon Fosse is mentioned in the last paragraph?A．He explains the importance of linguistic diversity.B．He has improved the international status of Norway.C．He promotes the development and preservation of Nynorsk.D．He shapes the basic writing standard of Norwegian literature.It’s one of the most common questions adults ask children: what do you want to be when you grow up? Although childhood is supposed to be fun, kids also discuss important topics regarding their futures. Now, a new study finds that children who set big goals regarding their future status and education often set themselves up for success as they age.The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace. Rodica Damian, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston, and otherresearchers discovered that as children grow up, their goals naturally begin to change. However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and even becoming more involved in your community or helping others.During the study, researchers compared how their goals evolved as children moved from adolescence to adulthood and how a person’s goals impacted their success in school and as an employee later on. Overall, a child’s goals focusing on their education and future status were the most consistent predictors (预测因素) of income in adulthood. Simply put, when a child dreams big about doing well in school or achieving great success as an adult, these goals accurately paint a picture of how successful these children will be. So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!“Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes. 8．What does the study mainly focus on?A．Why children change their dreams over time.B．Whether childhood goals relate to future success.C．Whether early education determines future career.D．How childhood experiences impact a person’s choice.9．Which of the following goals remains strong as children grow up?A．Connecting with others.B．Achieving academic success.C．Hunting for a high-salary jobD．Improving personal social status.10．What message does the author convey in paragraph 3?A．Dreaming big is potentially associated with success.B．Childhood achievement s greatly affect future careers.C．Educational goals may be more achievable than others.D．Adjusting goals can create new opportunities for success.11．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A．To explain the purpose of the study.B．To offer suggestions for future studies.C．To stress the significance of the study.D．To point out the limitations of the study.Spiders are master builders, expertly turning silk into complex 3D webs that serve as their home and hunting ground. To gain a deeper understanding of their world, scientists have translated the structure of a spider’s web into music.“The spider lives in an environment of vibrating (振动的) strings,” says Markus Buehler, the project’s principal investigator. “They don’t see very well, so they perceive their surroundings by detecting vibrations, which have different frequencies.” Such vibrations occur, for example, when the spider stretches a strand of silk during construction or when the wind or a trapped fly moves the web.The researchers scanned a natural spider web to capture 2D cross-sections and reconstructed its 3D network using a mathematical model. They assigned different frequencies of sound to strands of the web, creating musical “notes” that they combined in patterns based on the web’s 3D structure to generate music. Then they made a harp-like (像竖琴的) virtual instrument and played the spider web music in several live performances around the world, creating an inspiring harmony of art and science.To gain insights into how spiders build webs, the researchers also scanned a web during construction, transforming each stage into music with different sounds. “The spider’s way of ‘printing’ the web is remarkable because no support material is used, as is often needed in current 3D printing methods,” Buehler says. This knowledge could help develop new 3D printers that work like spiders, enabling them to construct complex structures without using additional materials for support.The team is also interested in learning how to communicate with spiders in their own language. They recorded web vibrations produced when spiders performed different activities, such as building a web, communicating with other spiders or sending signals to admirers. “Now we’re trying to generate signals to basically speak the language of the spider,” Buehler says. “If we expose them to certain patterns of vibrations, can we affect what they do or can we begin to communicate with them? Those are really thrilling ideas, and I believe they could be achieved inthe near future.”12．What do we know about spiders?A．They have good eyesight.B．They adapt to surroundings quickly.C．They spin a web similar to a musical structure.D．They sense the environment through vibrations.13．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．Steps to create spider web music.B．Ways to recreate a web’s 3D network.C．Challenges of combining music with science.D．The potential applications of 3D printing methods.14．What do the underlined words “This knowledge” in paragraph 4 refer to?A．3D printers can construct complex structures.B．Spiders’ vibration patterns vary with activities.C．Spiders build webs without using additional materials.D．The web-building process can be translated into music.15．What is Buehler’ attitude towards communicating with spiders?A．Hopeful.B．Doubtful.C．Uncertain.D．Disapproving.The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them. As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings. 16 Going through difficulties requires courage and determination. You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn’t know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 17 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook. Priorities shift.18 You have a deeper appreciation for life’s simple moments and clarity about what matters. Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 19 The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life. Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures. Look at this as a chance for a fresh start. You can pursue new dreams or make along-wished-for switch in your situation. The future isunwritten.Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives. You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens. Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties.20 Your sympathy can make a real difference.A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.B．They’re there if you are bent on searching for them.C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.D．Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.E．What seemed important before now pales in comparison.F．Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.二、完形填空In my early thirties, I decided to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa at 5, 895meters above sea level.After months of preparation, I started my great 21 . At the base of the mountain, I met Mik, a local porter, who warmly 22 me. Mik’s job was to carry my equipment up the mountain, set up the tent, and carry everything back down after reaching the 23 .The first day of the climb was 24 the rain forest, across a slippery , muddy ground covered with tree roots and vines (藤蔓). Mik was carrying 30 kilos on his head! By that evening, we made it to 3,000meters. The air was 25 and it was colder. When I arrived at the campsite for the night, my tent was already set up and waiting for me.Day two was much steeper and rockier. I really had to 26 what I was doing. And I felt guilty for the tough 27 Mik had to work in. Yet when I turned to Mik, he said with the biggest smile, “pole, pole,” which means “ 28 , take it easy” in his native language. I 29 back, my burden lighter somehow.Over the next five days, the climb got 30 difficult. The temperatures could 31 from 21℃to below freezing in a few hours. At 5, 700 meters, there’s only half the oxygen 32in each breath compared to at sea level. That leaves many people with severe headache. Yet Mik always had a smile and a positive attitude. It had an enormous impact on me, giving me the 33 to keep going.Even today, when I find myself 34 with anything in life, I just think back to Mik and his smile. A great attitude can bring joy to those around you, or even 35 strangers to the top of a mountain.21．A．performance B．business C．presentation D．adventure 22．A．questioned B．congratulated C．greeted D．invited 23．A．base B．peak C．forest D．border 24．A．outside B．beside C．through D．over 25．A．thinner B．softer C．drier D．sweeter 26．A．focus on B．turn on C．bring up D．break up 27．A．locations B．conditions C．atmosphere D．competition 28．A．stop B．hurry C．relax D．move 29．A．ran B．talked C．smiled D．rode 30．A．slightly B．increasingly C．automatically D．equally 31．A．swing B．circle C．climb D．last 32．A．predictable B．available C．noticeable D．affordable 33．A．impression B．platform C．opportunity D．strength 34．A．cooperating B．struggling C．associating D．communicating 35．A．persuade B．introduce C．motivate D．recommend三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
大学英语：Cyber-World
VocabularySection ADirections: Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.percentage establish convey refine echo performance technique barrier vital put1. Some athletes take drugs to improve their ______.正确答案：performance2. A proper procedure for complaints should be ______.正确答案：established3. You got 20 ______ of the answers right — that means one in every five.正确答案：percent4. The ______ of his scream sounded in the cave for several seconds.正确答案：echoes5. There have been major new developments in satellite ______. 正确答案：technique6. The mountains acted as a natural ______ to the spread of the disease.正确答案：barrier7. Has everyone had a chance to ______ their point of view? 正确答案：put8. She discovered some information of ______ importance.正确答案：vital9. Engineers spent many months ______ the software.正确答案：refining10. I tried to ______ in my speech how grateful we all were for his help.正确答案：conveySection BDirections: Complete each of the following sentences witha suitable preposition1. The project had to be abandoned due ______ a lack of government funding.正确答案：to2. They asked him to leave —______ other words he was fired. 正确答案：in3. We need to work ______ ensuring that the children feel safe and confident.正确答案：on / at4. After working her way around the world, she ended ______teaching English as a foreign language.正确答案：up5. Hong Kong’s stock market fell, setting ______ a global financial crisis.正确答案：offReading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.if developed misunderstood volunteer trembling named grew hesitate miraculously rareMany years ago, when I worked as a ___1___ at Stanford Hospital,I got to know a little girl ___2___ Liz who was suffering froma ___3____ and serious disease. Her only chance of recovery appeared to be a blood transfusion from her five-year-old brother, who had ___4___ survived the same disease and had ___55___ the antibodies needed to combat the illness.The doctor explained the situation to her little brother and asked the boy ___6___ he would be willing to give his blood tohis sister. I saw him ___7___ for only a moment before taking a deep breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will save Liz.”As the transfusion progressed, he lay in bed next to his sister and smiled, as we all did, seeing the color returning to her cheeks. Then his face ___8___ pale and his smile faded. He looked up at the doctor and asked with a ___9___ voice, “Will I start to die right away?”Being young, the boy had ___10___ the doctor; he thought he was going to have to give her all his blood.1.volunteer2. named3. rare4.miraculously5.developed6.if7.hesitate8.grew9.trembling 10. misunderstoodSection BDirections: Read the following article about the world’s population growth and choose “True” or “False” for sentences 1-10.Growth of the World’s PopulationToday, almost 7 billion people live on our earth. Each year, the world’s population grows by about 80 million. If it continues to grow at such a rate, the world’s population will reach 9 billion by the year 2035.Human beings have been living on earth for over a million years, but for a long time there were not very many of them. The world’s population was never higher than 10 million. People died quickly because they didn’t have enou gh food to eat. Early inhabitants were mostly hunters and fishers. After people started growing crops and raising animals, they had more food and lived longer.About 2,000 years ago, about 300 million people inhabited the earth. During the next 1500 years the world’s population grew very slowly. Many people died of illnesses. The Black Death, which sailors brought to Europe from Asia, killed about a third of the European population in the Middle Ages. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the middle of the 18th century, started a period of rapid population growth, especially in Europe. Farmers were able to grow more and more food because they had machines to work with. New kinds of medicine helped to fight off many diseases that had killed millions of people in the centuries before.Birth rates started to go up because families had many children. The one billion mark was reached in the early 1800s. In the next one hundred years the population doubled to 2 billion, and in 1960 there were 3 billion people living onearth.The second half of the 20th century brought along some change: In Europe, and North America, the birth rate dropped because families wanted to have fewer children. In the developing countries of Asia and Africa birth rates stayed high and better medical help in these regions lowered the death rates.In the last 30 years, the world’s population has doubled. The fastest growing region, Africa, has a growth rate of 2.8 %, the slowest growing region, Europe, about 0.3 %. On average, the world’s population is growing at a rate of 1.5 % per year.1. If the world’s population grows at a rate of 80 million per year, it will reach 9 billion by 2035.正确答案：√2. Over a million years ago, forefathers were mostly hunters and fishers.正确答案：√3. Since ancestors learned to grow crops, they have lived a longer life with sufficient food.正确答案：√4. In the Middle Ages, people often died of diseases, and theBlack Death was a case in point.正确答案：√5. The Industrial Revolution was a period when the population grew fastest in North America.正确答案：×6. More food was grown because new machines were invented during the Industrial Revolution.正确答案：√7. In the late 1800s, the world’s population reached one billion.正确答案：×8. In the late 20th century, couples in Europe were unwilling to have too many babies.正确答案：√9. In modern society birth rates declined in the developed countries, while those in developing ones stayed high.正确答案：√10. In the past decades, the world’s population gro wth has balanced well.正确答案：×Section CDirections: Read the following text about the Marathon. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose the best sentence from the list A-F on the next page to fill in each of the gaps (1-5). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.Running the Marathon – Health RisksRunning a marathon is the ultimate goal for a hobby athlete. But there can be dangers involved in running a 26.2 mile or 41.2 km race. Most health problems that happen during a marathon race are not very severe – mainly strains and sprains. In some cases, however, heart problems have led to deaths during or immediately after a marathon. In the United States researchers found out that of 11 million runners who have taken part in marathons or half marathons in the last decade 42 died. 1_______________.Many health experts advise beginners to see doctors before they take up training for a race. 2_______________.Many hobby athletes do not prepare themselves in the right way for a race. Getting yourself in good physical shape over a period of months is not always easy and requires a lot of self-discipline. Training must start slowly, with short distances, so that your body can get used to the physical stress.3_______________. Rest periods should follow days of training. Running advisors say that about a month before a marathon you should be able to run 15 miles, or almost three quarters of the marathon distance, at a comfortable speed.Training too much, however, can lead to stiffness in your muscles or other injuries. 4_______________.Shortly before a marathon starts, warming up and stretching can be important for your overall performance. One of the biggest problems that marathon runners face during a race is dehydration（脱水）, not getting enough to drink. 5_______________. One of the most important tasks for a runner is to drink enough throughout a race.A. If it’s hot your body can lose about four liters of fluid through sweating and breathing out air.B. To relieve them, you should lower your training rate and take a few days off.C. Runners often make the mistake of running too fast at the beginning.D. People with heart problems or diabetes should also consult doctors before running.E. Runners should get themselves professional coaches toperform better in a race.F. Most of them had heart problems or heart-related diseases. 请填入正确答案相应的大写字母！1. F2. D3. C4.B5.ASection DDirections: Read the following text about social media networks. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.Social Media NetworksCommunication technology is invading our life more than ever before. Mobile phones are never farther than a reach of our hands away. Emails, social networks, the Internet are more present than ever before. More than 60% of all Internet users also communicate via social networks and over 85 % of all teenagers have accounts on social networks.Psychologists have started to define terms like Facebook addiction in their reports. Social media sites can be so addicting that people, especially youngsters, do not want to spend time with anything else—they live their relationships in a virtual world. People often choose to talk to each other via mobile phone, Skype or communicate via Facebook becausethey may be afraid of getting to know each other, face to face. However, by doing this, they are missing out on their partner’s facial expressions or the gestures that the other makes. Emotions are reduced to Likes or Dislikes, smiley faces or other emotions.Psychology experts have also noticed that more and more marriages are breaking up. One main reason may be because Facebook makes it possible to communicate with old friends from high-school or former boy or girl friends that you have not had contact with in ages. Couples are not communicating with each other as they should in real life. They sometimes even break up over Facebook and other social networks. Frequently, they do not argue about things in the usual way, and they tend to carry out quarrels in public. As a result, others comment about something that should be solved privately.It is strange to consider the fact that software developers and social network creators are, in real life, not really very social. Most of them are shy people who like to stick to their computers and do not create lasting friendships.In the future more social networks may pop up. We may be able to not only share photos with others but also our shopping lists or illnesses. More and more sites on the web aretelling people to share. The more followers and friends we have, the more excited we get.1. What message does the first paragraph convey to readers______.A. Mobile phones are advised to be placed near our hands.B. Social networks are unexpectedly abused by teenagers.C. The development of the Internet is targeted at youngsters.D. Our life is greatly influenced by communication technology. 正确答案：D2. Youngsters live their relationships in a virtual world because they ______.A. don’t want to waste time in real lifeB. are scared of face to face communicationC. believe the online relationship is simplerD. fail to understand gestures in communication正确答案：B3. According to the passage, more couples split up chiefly because they______.A. fail to find solutions to problems in real lifeB. solve conflicts publicly rather than privatelyC. get reconnected with old friends on websitesD. prefer to meet network friends in the flesh正确答案：C4. Software developers and social network creators are characterized by______.A. shynessB. socialityC. loyaltyD. creativity正确答案：A5. According to the last paragraph, people are suggested to______.A. get contact with old friendsB. register more accounts onlineC. pass experience onto net friendsD. keep silent to protect privacy正确答案：C。
对网民的看法范文
对网民的看法范文求一篇对网络的看法的议论文880字在人类发展史上，电子计算机的产生和发展已有一段相当长的历史。
但是，以计算机为载体的互联网，不知从何时开始，悄悄地进入、并且融入我们的生活。
现代的社会发展，对于互联网已经达到前所未有的高度依赖程度。
网络，给信息带来了强大而有力的传播途径，并且大大缩短了信息发布和接收的时间，避免了许多不必要的资源浪费。
自从网络开始慢慢普及，各大公司纷纷在网上建立自己的网页和网站，介绍公司的情况、宣传公司的产品。
更多的公司已经在网上公开征集订单，更好地推销自己的产品。
类似的网站越开越多，许多不同种类的网上商城开业，并且标榜自己的产品比平常到市场中购买更便宜更合算。
顷刻之间，信息在上网一族之间广泛地传播开来，致使供给和需求的信息得到充分交流。
人们只要在网上输入自己想要的商品，搜索一下，大篇幅的供应商资料就会呈现眼前，而供应商也可以籍着网络的资料，查询哪些消费者对于自己的商品有最大的消费能力，统计数据，以便更好地针对性地宣传。
足不出户，人们就可以在网上达成交易，大大促进了市场的供求两旺的局面。
在信息产业高度发展，并且人们对于信息的需求越来越多的今天。
网络成了最好的传播媒体。
对于学生来说，许多大型的考试报名和分数查询，都可以在网上进行，而不用再像以前那样打永远繁忙而且昂贵的声讯电话去查询。
近两年来，国家的统一公务员考试也在网络上公布详情，考生们只要打开所在地区的招考网页，招聘部门、招考人数、职位、要求等一系列详细情况就一目了然。
连同报考需要带备的资料和报名地点也明确地在网上显示，使考生们能非常方便、非常容易地了解情况。
对于发布信息的单位来说，不再需要逐个地点逐个地点派遣人员去宣传；对于想知道情况的考生来说，也不必千里迢迢、奔波劳碌地去到指定地点索取招生简章、了解招生情况，两方面都从网络信息的传播中获益匪浅。
网络，把人与人之间的距离大大拉近。
众所周知，网络上的游戏在不断发展壮大，游戏类别也越来越多。
Unit 4 A Virtual Life
prefixes+ n.
cyberculture, cybernut, cyberpet, cyberspace, nethead, Web TV, e-card, e-business, e-cash
2
prefixes+ v.
cybersurf, netsurf, websurf, email
3
(Para. 8)
Part Two —— Multiple Choice
3. Why does the author fight her boyfriend on net sometimes? _______ B A. Because they haven't seen each other for a long time. B. Because their typed dialogue lack emotional cues and she misinterprets them. (Para. 9) C. Because he doesn't love her any longer. D. Because he doesn't send emails to her frequently.
D. All the above.
(Para. 10)
Part Two —— True or False
1. The author tries to at least get to the gym in order to keep fit. ( F )
The author tries to at least get to the gym, so that she may set apart the weekend from the rest of her week.
自考英语(二)Unit 11 Cyber World
Байду номын сангаас
convey v. 表达，传递（思想、感情等） I can't convey my feelings in words. 我无法用言语来表达我的情感。 He tried to convey how he felt. 他试图表达他的感受。
While before a real date we fix our hair and our clothes, on the internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. (1) while表示前后对比，再如： He is hot-tempered, while his twin sister is very gentle. (2) polish 润色 (3) 句子的译文：现实中约会前我们打理自 己的头发和服饰，而在互联网上，我们依靠 智慧，想象力和个人品格。
To put it another way: is the physical appearance of the man or woman play a part in the relationship if, through the exchange of thoughts and feelings, they already fell in love?
Unit 11
Section A Cyberlove
head over heels in love = fall in love deeply 深深地爱着某人；迷恋
variety n. （同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样 vary v.变化； 不同 vary from…to… 因…不同而不同。 Habits vary from person to person Customs vary from country to country 比较：range from…to…在.范围波动；从.变化到… Prices range from ￡6 to ￡10. 价钱从六英镑到十英镑不等。 shift from…to 从…转移到.. Their conversation shifted from politics to sports various adj.各种各样的； 多方面的
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David Tool, a professor with the Beijing International Studies University said it very interesting to combine Chinese with English to create new words.
-holic 对……成瘾的；有……嗜好的（-aholic） 工作狂: workaholic 购物狂：shopaholic 酒鬼： alcoholic
电欢吃巧克力的人: chocoholic
Gelivable sentences
1. Play hooky. 3. It's up in the air. 4. Side dish. 6. Don't get high hat. 7. Right over there. 8. Doggy bag. 9. That rings a bell.
25. Shoot the breeze. 闲谈。 26. Tell me when! 随时奉陪！ 27. Not at all. 根本就不（用）。 28. Let's play it by ear. 让我们随兴所至。 29. Wait and see. 等着瞧。 30. Why so blue？ 怎么垂头丧气？
Compound words 2. 合成形容词 合成形容词常见的构词方法如下： 形容词+名词+-ed : good-tempered（脾气好的） noble-minded（思想高尚 的） 形容词+ v-ing: good-looking easy-going（脾气随和的） 形容词+过去分词: ready-made（现成的） 名词+v-ing: peace-loving epoch-making（划时代的） 名词+过去分词: heartfelt（衷心的） handmade 名词+形容词: duty-free（免关税的） self-satisfied（沾沾自喜的） 副词+过去分词: well-known 副词+ v-ing: hard-working widespread far-reaching（意义深远的）
"Emotionormal" means "emotionally stable". “Emotionormal（淡定）”意为“情绪稳定”。
"Foulsball" showed the anger of netizens towards the woeful Chinese soccer affected by match-fixing, crooked referees, and illegal gambling.
20. The line is engaged. 占线。
21. Don't make up a story. 不要捏造事实。
22. She made a mess of things. 她把事情搞得一塌糊涂。 23. Get an eyeful. 看个够。
24. He has a quick eye. 他的眼睛很锐利。
Air conditioner
Alarm clock Book case Credit card Can opener Income tax Bubble gum Mineral water Pocket money Sign language High heel Human rights
遥控： 老手： 北极熊：
旷工、旷课。
2. I am the one wearing pants in the house.
尚未确定。 配菜。 别摆架子。 就在那里。 打包袋。 听起来耳熟。
我当家。
5. Stay away from him. 别理他。
10. Sleeping on both ears. 睡的香。
11. Go ahead. 继续。 12. Help me out. 帮帮我。 13. Let's bag it. 先把它搁一边。
Compound words
3. 合成动词 合成动词常见的构词方法如下：
名词+动词： brainwash
副词+动词： outweigh
sleepwalk
overcome
形容词+动词: safeguard（保护） blackmail（敲诈）
1. 有独立的单词构成的合成词 cyber [„saibə] a. 网络的
网民： 网吧：
cyber citizen\ netizen
cybercafé\ Internet bar
cybercrime cybereconomy cyberspace cyberspeak\ cyberword
网络犯罪：
网络经济： 网络空间： 网络用语： 网虫：
net potato
空调： 闹钟： 书柜： 信用卡： 开罐器： 所得税： 泡泡糖： 矿泉水： 零用钱： 手语： 高跟鞋： 人权：
"Gelivable", combining pinyin of Chinese characters Geili (giving strength) with the English suffix for adjectives, literally means "giving power" or "cool". Similarly, "Hengelivable" means "very cool", and "ungelivable" means "dull, not cool at all". "Gelivable"将"给力"一词的中文拼音与英语中形容词后缀结合起来，字 面意为“真给劲”或“很酷”。类似的表达还有"Hengelivable"，意为 “很给力”；而"ungelivable"则表示“不给力，无趣，没意思”。
Remote control
Old hand Polar bear
公开信：
干洗： 时事：
Open letter
Dry cleaning Current affairs
社会研究： Social studies 乐器：
Musical instrument
医疗中心： Health care 一揽子度假 Package holiday
"Corpspend（捞尸费）"源于2009年的一起事件，三名湖北大学生在救助两名 落水儿童时牺牲，而打捞船将尸体捞上来之后漫天要价。
“Suihide” came from the death of a man in a detention center in the southwestern Yunnan Province. Police said he died after playing hide-and-seek with inmates, but this conclusion seemed doubtful.
北京外国语大学教授杜大卫 (David Tool)表示，将中英文结合起来创造新词， 这非常有趣。
“English is no longer mysterious to the Chinese people. They can use the language in a flexible way according to their own experiences,” he said.
自然资源： Natural resources
2. 由词缀构成的单词 -able
能够…… ；具有……能力的
“能…的,会…的”：durable “可以…的”：drinkable “应…的”;“值得…的”：lovable “具有…特性的”：fashionable “有助于…的”,“倾向于…的”：peaceable “易于…的”：breakable “适于…的”，“与…有关(或相符)的”：wearable “提供…的”：comfortable [亦作-ible,-ble]
他说：“中国人对英语不再感到神秘，他们可以按照自己的经历灵活地使用 英语。”
Compound words 1. 合成名词 合成名词常见的构词方法如下： 名词+名词： football classroom 形容词+名词： shorthand（速记法） blackboard 动词+名词： breakwater（防波堤） pickpocket（扒手） 副词+名词： downfall（衰落, 垮台） outbreak（爆发） v-ing+名词: sleeping-pill waiting-room 名词+v-ing： handwriting sunbathing 动词+副词: get-together break-through 另外，还有一些其它方式构成的合成名词： go-between（媒人, 中间人） good-for-nothing（无用的人, 懒惰的人） Sightseeing took up the whole morning. 观光花了一上午的时间。 Finally they reached a crossroads. 最后他们来到了一个十字路口。 Smoking is not allowed during take-off. 飞机起飞时不允许吸烟。
"Antizen" referred to the group of college graduates who, earning a meager salary and living in small rented apartments, were like the tiny and laborious ants. “Antizen（蚁族）”是指那些工资少得可怜、租住在狭小公寓里的大学 毕业生。他们像蚂蚁一样渺小，辛劳。