Evaluating Public Participation in Environmental Policy-Making
我们正在研究的各种英文表述
: glen_almond@W e are currently establishing methods to characterize porcine T-lymphocyte subpopulations for two different studies. One involves evaluation of the T cells in weaned pigs following vaccination with a novel adjuvant; the other focuses on the influence of stress on T-lymphocyte populations and immunity in young pigs. Lymphocyte trapping is associated with stress, and we plan to explore this perturbation of the immune system. In addition, other studies focus on understanding the physiological roles of tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin-E prior to and after the initiation of luteolysis. We are examining the significance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-induc ible factor (HIF) in porcine corpus luteum. We utilize RT-PCR and additional genomic methodologies to characterize the expression of the factors and their receptors. We anticipate that future studies will determine the respective signal transduction pathways and re-visit the influence of the cytokines and the immune system on corpus luteum function.Birkenheuer, Adam, DVM, PhDDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-8288E-mail: ajbirken@My research is focused on companion animal infectious diseases. Tick-transmitted protozoan parasites are emerging infectious diseases causing substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Our studies address discovery and characterization of novel pathogens, development of improved diagnostic assays, enhanced understanding of the epidemiology of tick-transmitted protozoan parasites, and identification of treatment strategies resulting in significantly improved survival rates.Breitschwerdt, Ed, DVMDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 919-513-8277E-mail: ed_breitschwerdt@My research interests are focused in the area of infectious diseases, with a particular emphasis on diagnostic, therapeutic, and immunopathologic aspects of zoonotic vector-transmitted bacterial and rickettsial diseases. The laboratory has contributed substantially to current understanding of Rickettsia rickettsii, Ehrlichia canis, and Bartonella vinsonii infection in dogs and Bartonella henselae in cats. We are currently capable of handling biosafety P3-level. It is increasingly obvious that vector borne pathogens contribute to a substantial quantity of animal and humandisease and suffering. In most instances the immunopathologic consequences of infection with one or simultaneous infection with multiple vector-transmitted infectious agents remains unknown. It is our goal to better define the clinical consequences of chronic infection with these organisms. Dean, Gregg, DVM, PhDDepartment of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-2819E-mail: gregg_dean@My research focuses on the immunopathogenesis and prevention of human and feline immunodefic iency virus infection (HIV and FIV, respectively). FIV is a valuable model of human immunodeficiency virus infection in people and represents a significant health threat to the feline population world-wide. We are investigating the role of innate immune defects induced by HIV/FIV infection. These studies focus on the function of dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and Toll-like receptors in the immunopathogenesis of opportunistic infections during chronic retroviral infection. Ongoing vaccine studies seek to employ recombinant bacteria as vaccine vectors. We are evaluating recombinant Lactobacillus spp. engineered to express FIV/HIV Gag and consensus Env genes as a means to provide effective mucosal and systemic immune responses through oral immunization.Fogle, Jonathan, DVM, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-6304E-mail: jonathan_fogle@Using the FIV model for HIV, we have shown that CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells are constitutively activated and suppress CD4+CD25- T helper cell immune responses during the acute phase and chronic phase of infection. Results of our recent experiments indicate that CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells suppress the CD8+ immune response during the acute and chronic stages of FIV infection. We are currently investigating the mechanism(s) of CD8+ cell mediated suppression and the intracellular signaling events that occur in CD8+ targets, following their interaction with activated CD4+CD25+ cell from FIV+ cats.Gilmour, Ian, BSc, PhDCardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology BranchEnvironmental Public Health DivisionNational Health and Environmental Effects Research LaboratoryU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, NC 27711Phone: (919) 541-0015E-mail: Gilmour.Ian@We study the effect of air pollutant exposure on pulmonary immunity and subsequent development of allergic and infectious lung disease. Air pollutants are generated in the inhalation exposure facility at the EPA which has the capability to aerosolize simple gases and vapors, various particles including nanomaterials, as well as fossil fuel combustion emissions. The staff also operates mobile field sampling laboratories that collect size-fractionated particles from various locations across the country. The relative toxicity of various air pollutants are compared and then applied in animal models of asthma, influenza, or cardiac dysfunction. Parallel studies are conducted with in vitro systems in order to extrapolate between cell based and whole body responses for the purposes of predicting potential effects in humans. Hammerberg, Bruce, DVM, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-7712E-mail: bruce_hammerberg@My current research expertise is in allergic diseases and nematode biology. Regarding allergic disease research, we have developed canine x murine heterohybridomas. One of these produces canine monoclonal IgE specific for a filarial nematode antigen. Another produces canine IgG antibody specific for canine IgE. Using these tools, I have developed mouse monoclonal antibodies against heat stable epitopes of canine IgE and have the opportunity to make canine monoclonal antibodies against canine IgE epitopes that will be useful in preventing allergic disease in the dog. The unlimited supply of canine IgE of known antigen specificity has directed my research toward characterizing inherited differences in mast cell function in the dog, and at this time I am investigating the role of stem cell factor in inherited canine atopic dermatitis.My work with filarial nematodes over the last 25 years has recently turned to investigating how fatty acid binding proteins function in nematode physiology.Havell, Edward, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 515-6184E-mail: ed_havell@The major objective of our research is to determine the roles that tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and host cells play in both innate and adaptive immunity toenteric bacterial pathogens. To study possible roles of cytokines and host cells in anti-bacterial resistance, specific inhibitors (e.g., anti-cytokine antibodies) that block the actions of a given cytokine or host cell are administered before or at progressive times during bacterial infection in mice. The subsequent course of infection is monitored to determine the effect of such treatment on bacterial pathogenesis. The long-range goal of our research is to acquire an understanding of how TNF, IFN-gamma, and host cells having anti-bacterial function interact in the defense of the host against bacterial pathogens. Studies are underway to develop a reproducible model of inflammatory bowel disease that will enable the study of the roles of cytokines and host cells in chronic inflammatory intestinal disease. Finally, we have generated an avirulent Listeria monocytogenes mutant that does not translocate from the intestinal lumen but induces very strong protective T cell-mediated anti-listerial immunity. We plan to evaluate this avirulent mutant as an orally administered vaccine platform to present secreted recombinant tuberculosis antigens to the intestinal immune system in order to elicit protective anti-TB T cell immunityHess, Paul, DVM, PhDDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU, College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-6183E-mail: paul_hess@My principal interests are CD8-positive T cell immunology and immunotherapy. One focus of the laboratory is examining how the interaction of the MHC class I molecule and the T cell receptor can be manipulated to induce stable tolerance in animal models of autoimmunity and allotransplantation. The second focus is the discovery of new peptide epitopes in viral diseases. Lastly, we are investigating novel clinical predictors of chemotherapy-induced toxicity in the dog. Hudson, Lola C., DVM, PhDDepartment of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNCSU College V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-6306E-mail: lola_hudson@Research in this laboratory focuses on the study of viral neuropathogenesis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. We are currently investigating feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which has divergent mechanisms of CNS entry, as a model for AIDS neuropathogenesis. We have developed an in vitro feline blood-brain barrier model system to determine the conditions under which immune cells in normal and FIV-infected animals are capable of penetrating the BBB. Additional studies focus on characteristics of attaching cells and mechanisms of attachment to the barrier such as up-regulation of specific adhesion molecules. Additionally, in vivo studies parallel in vitro studies with the aim of increasing detection of neural infection during the early stages ofdisease. We are currently focusing on various cognitive-motor behavioral tests in normal and infected cats to determine acute losses in neurologic function. Such tests can then be used to assess the efficacy of various therapeutics to delay or prevent CNS infection.Jones, Samuel L., DVM, PhDDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-7722E-mail: sam_jones@My research interests focus on how inflammation is triggered and regulated and how inflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of diseases such as colitis, equine colic, sepsis, and endotoxemia. A primary objective of our work is to understand the cellular and molecular details of cell migration with a focus on the key innate immune cell, the neutrophil. We are particularly interested in how the signaling molecules protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and p38 and the actin binding proteins MARCKS, V ASP, and L-plastin regulate the actin cytoskeleton, integrin function, and signaling during migration of neutrophils and other cell types. We use human and equine primary cells, cell lines, and in vivo models including mice and zebrafish for these studies. We are also studying how inflammation is triggered and how pro-inflammatory genes, particularly genes in the prostaglandin synthesis cascade that encode cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin synthase-1, are upregulated in equine leukocytes. In collaborative work, we are studying the effects of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators on intestinal mucosal repair following ischemic injury that occurs in some forms of equine colic. Koci, Matt, PhDDepartment of Poultry ScienceNCSU Scott Hall, Campus Box 7608Raleigh, NC 27695Phone: (919) 515-5388E-mail: mdkoci@The overall focus of my research is to understand how the immune system responds to viral challenges. The majority of our work focuses on the innate aspects of host resistance to viral infection, particularly addressing how the innate immune system recognizes and responds to infection and thus can have profound affects on the adaptive immune response and ultimately the outcome of the infection. Understanding how stimulation of the innate immune system leads to different clinical outcomes is critical to understanding the genetic basis of disease resistance. Laster, Scott M., PhD- Immunology Program DirectorDepartment of MicrobiologyNCSU Gardner Hall, Campus Box 7615Raleigh, NC 27695Phone: (919) 515-7958E-mail: scott_laster@Research in my laboratory focuses on the anti-viral immune response. One aspect of this response currently under investigation is the apoptosis-inducing activity of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF is a product of many cells, including macrophages and monocytes, and is released by these cells during infection. TNF is able to act in an anti-viral manner by causing the death of infected cells before virus replication is complete, thereby reducing the number of infectious virions that are produced. The apoptosis-inducing activity of TNF is selective for infected cells because these cells are unable to transcribe appropriate levels of NF-kB-dependent, anti-apoptotic gene products. The virus under investigation in my laboratory is the human adenovirus. While not a major human pathogen, the adenovirus represents an excellent model system for studies of molecular and cellular immunology. Recent studies from my laboratory suggest that adenovirus induces susceptibility to TNF by preventing the expression of a tyrosine or dual specificity phosphatase, leading us to propose that this phosphatase normally acts in an anti-apoptotic manner by inhibiting apoptotic signal transduction through the dephosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2.Miller, Jennifer, PhDDepartment of MicrobiologyNCSU Gardner Hall, Campus Box 7615Raleigh, NC 27695Phone: (919) 515-7867E-mail: jen_miller@My research focuses on the interaction between the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and the innate immune system. B. burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a multi-system disorder whose symptoms include the development of subacute arthritis within both a large joint of afflicted humans and the rear ankle joints of susceptible inbred mouse strains. This subacute arthritis is associated with the presence of B. burgdorferi within the joints. My laboratory utilizes tissue culture and mouse models to examine both the bacterial and host-derived mechanisms driving the induction of Lyme arthritis. We are currently focusing on a novel and previously unappreciated role for Type I interferon (IFN) in the development of severe Lyme arthritis. The goal of these studies is to identify additional bacterial effectors, innate immune components, and mechanistic pathways that drive both Type I IFN production and the development of Lyme arthritis.Nordone, Shila, PhDDepartment of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNCSU College V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 515-7410E-mail: shila_nordone@My research involves studying the mechanisms and consequences of the molecular interactions between pathogenic organisms and the innate immune system. Pathogen-mediated modulation of innate immunity can dictate the pathological consequences of infection, the duration of survival of the pathogen in the host, and ultimately, the ability of the adaptive immune response to evolve and clear infection. At the center of my research is the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) activation in pathogen-immune system interactions. We are currently engaged in the following research areas: 1) Modulation of TLR-mediated responses by HIV-1 infection and 2) TREM-1 mediated inflammation during canine sepsis. The overall aim of both areas of research is to increase our understanding of the basic mechanisms of pathogen-innate immune cell crosstalk and to identify new therapeutic targets for treating HIV and sepsis.Olivry, Thierry, DrV et, PhDDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU, College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-6276E-mail: thierry_olivry@My principal research interests involve investigating the pathogenesis and therapy of canine atopic dermatitis and autoimmune skin diseases. Current projects on atopic dermatitis include clinical trials on the pharmacotherapy of this disease, modeling skin lesions experimentally, researching novel methods for immunotherapy as well as investigating the genetics of this trait in West Highland White Terriers. My research on autoimmune skin diseases involves the characterization of clinical signs, histopathology and immunological aspects of novel pathological entities of dogs, cats and horses. Additionally, we are investigating the autoantibody response in the blistering disease pemphigus foliaceus in dogs.Selgrade, Mary Jane, PhDImmunotoxicology BranchU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, NC 27711Phone: (919) 541-1821E-mail: selgrade.maryjane@My research interests center around the interactions between xenobiotic compounds (ambient and indoor air pollutants) and the immune system and consequent effects on susceptibility to infectious and allergic disease. The laboratory has developed several infectivity and allergy models in laboratory rodents. The focus is to understand the effects that exposure to environmental agents may have on both local and systemic immune responses, the underlying mechanisms associated with these effects, and the consequent impact on susceptibility to disease.Sherry, Barbara, PhDDepartment of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNCSU College V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone; (919) 515-4480E-mail: barbara_sherry@We study reovirus-induced myocarditis (cardiac inflammation and tissue damage) in mice as a model for this important human disease. Recently, we have focused on the cardiac response to viral infection, with particular emphasis on viral induction of the anti-viral cytokine interferon-beta in cardiac cells. We are interested in both the viral genes that stimulate this response, and the cardiac transcription factors and anti-viral proteins that are central to protection against disease. Our approaches, using primarily molecular techniques, include the use of transgenic mice and primary cardiac myocyte cell cultures.Sikes, Michael, PhDDepartment of MicrobiologyNCSU Gardner Hall, Campus Box 7615Raleigh, NC 27695Phone: (919) 513-0528E-mail: mike_sikes@As different cells in the body develop, they selectively use specific genes while ignoring others. In fact, development of multicellular organisms is absolutely dependent on differential gene regulation. But how genes are programmed to be activated or silenced at the right time remains a mystery. The research in our laboratory investigates the epigenetic changes that govern selective gene usage during lymphocyte development. Unlike other tissues, lymphocytes develop in discreet stages that can be easily followed using cell surface marker proteins, and for which individual cell line models exist. Specifically, we study the epigenetic programs that regulate the developmentally-timed activation and inactivation of the genes that encode the antibody and T cell receptor molecules. These genes are unique in the body in that they undergo a process of genetic recombination. We believe that transcriptional promoters positioned throughout each gene serve as nucleation points for transcription factors and histone modifiers that work together to shape local windows of accessible chromatin in response to developmental cues. Work is underway to test this hypothesis and to define the protein factors involved.Suter, Steven, VMD, MS, PhDDepartment of Clinical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-0813E-mail: steven_suter@My research interests focus primarily on hematologic malignancies in companion animals, specifically canine and feline lymphoma. Elucidating the underlying molecular abnormalities associated with these diseases, as well as the development of novel therapeutics is the main thrust of my research. Although canine lymphoma is phenotypically and biologically similar to human non-Hodgkin’s diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, it is not known if these diseases share similar genetic perturbations. We aim to begin to elucidate these perturbations in dogs with lymphoma to both enhance dog lymphoma as a pertinent large animal model of human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and develop more targeted therapeutics for this disease.Tompkins, Mary, DVM, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606(919) 513-6255E-mail: mary_tompkins@The research in my laboratory is directed towards understanding the immunopathogenesis of feline retrovirus infection. In particular, we are examining mechanisms of virus-induced immunosuppression and persistence, especially alterations in cytokine regulation and cell-mediated immunity. We have been studying the immunopathogenesis of feline immunodefic iency virus (FIV), which is one of the best animal models for HIV infection. Our early studies described alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subset numbers, in vivo virus tropism, and disease progression. More recently we have described in detail cytokine dysregulation associated with FIV infection that leads to the inability of the infected cat to mount a successful cell mediated immune response to a secondary intracellular pathogen.Tompkins, Wayne, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 515-7394E-mail: wayne_tompkins@The focus of my research is immunopathogenesis of FIV infection in the cat: a model for human HIV infection. We are studying the cellular and molecular basis of T cell dysfunction and progression to AIDS in FIV-infected cats, utilizing RT-qcPCR and multi-color flow cytometry to define the receptor phenotype and cytokine profiles of CD4-positive and CD8-positive T cells. We are specifically exploring the role of B7 co-stimulatory molecules and the cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta in mediating T cell anergy and apoptosis.Tonkonogy, Susan, PhDDepartment of Population Health and PathobiologyNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919) 513-6252E-mail: sue_tonkonogy@The overall goal of my research is to identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate the intestinal immune response. Our current approach is to determine the patterns of cytokines produced by T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells isolated from mucosal lymphoid tissue of genetically manipulated rodents that spontaneously develop chronic intestinal inflammation when maintained in specific pathogen free housing. Germ-free rodents with identical genetic alterations do not develop inflammation, implicating the microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract in the initiation of disease. The long-range goal of these studies is to provide a basis for designing therapeutic strategies aimed towards down-regulating the intestinal immune response that we postulate to be an underlying cause of the chronic inflammation that occurs in inflammatory bowel diseases.Ward, Marsha, PhDImmunotoxicology BranchU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, NC 27711Phone: (919) 541-1193E-mail: ward.marsha@My research interests involve the assessment of indoor environmental contaminants, particularly fungi for the potential to cause allergy/asthma using laboratory rodent models. The focus of our studies is hazard identification including 1) the identification and characterization of the allergenic proteins and 2) the identification of potential biomarkers that differentiate an allergic response from a non-allergic inflammatory response. Additionally, we are interested in the area of food allergies that could occur due to the introduction of genetically modified crops.Y oder, Jeffrey, PhDDepartment of Molecular Biomedical SciencesNCSU College of V eterinary Medicine, Campus Box 84014700 Hillsborough StRaleigh, NC 27606Phone: (919)-515-7406E-mail: jeff_yoder@Web site: /~jayoder/。
Envision
Award types
General civil
Transport only
Buildings
Public realm
Community / precinct
Design Aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ built Operation Planning Other
Country
Deployment & developments
over the course of the project's life cycle.
Certifying body: Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure (ISI)
Applicable sectors
benefits of all types and sizes of infrastructure projects. It evaluates, grades, and gives recognition to
infrastructure projects that use transformational, collaborative approaches to assess the sustainability indicators
There are four levels of awards: Bronze (over 20% total applicable points gained), Silver (over 30%), Gold (over 40%), Platinum (over 50%) Achievement of each criteria is evaluated on a five-‐ step scale: improved, enhanced, superior, conserving, restorative. Although credits do not always have five levels of achievement. The total point value is set at achieving the "conserving" level, where "restorative" points are possible additions. Evaluation criteria may include (but not limited to): performing calculations, creating an action plan, meetings with stakeholders, consulting experts.
思想类英语作文模板范文
思想类英语作文模板范文英文回答：Topic: The Role of Critical Thinking in a Rapidly Changing World。
In the face of ever-accelerating technological advancements and societal shifts, critical thinking has emerged as an indispensable skill for navigating the complexities of the modern world. It empowers individuals to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions, thereby enabling them to thrive in an environment characterized by constant flux and uncertainty.Critical thinking encompasses a multifaceted array of cognitive abilities, including:Analysis: Breaking down complex information into its constituent parts and identifying their relationships.Evaluation: Assessing the validity and reliability of information, arguments, and perspectives.Inference: Drawing logical conclusions from available evidence and making predictions based on patterns or trends.Problem-solving: Identifying and solving problems by generating creative solutions and considering multiple perspectives.Decision-making: Weighing evidence and making informed choices based on sound reasoning.The benefits of critical thinking are numerous and far-reaching:Improved academic performance: Critical thinkingskills are essential for success in higher education andare highly valued by employers.Enhanced decision-making: Individuals who can think critically can make better decisions in both personal andprofessional spheres.Increased adaptability: Critical thinking prepares individuals to adapt to changing circumstances and embrace new challenges.Reduced biases: By questioning assumptions and evaluating evidence objectively, individuals can overcome biases and make more informed judgments.Increased civic engagement: Critical thinking is vital for informed participation in public discourse anddecision-making processes.In a rapidly changing world, critical thinking has become more important than ever:Information overload: The internet and social media have created an overwhelming amount of information, making it essential to be able to evaluate its credibility.Technological advancements: New technologies areemerging constantly, and individuals need to be able to adapt to these changes and make informed decisions about their use.Social transformations: Globalization, migration, and other societal shifts are creating new challenges and opportunities, requiring critical thinking to navigatetheir complexities.To cultivate critical thinking skills, individuals can:Seek diverse perspectives: Engage with different opinions and sources of information to avoid falling into echo chambers.Challenge assumptions: Question established beliefsand consider alternative viewpoints before forming opinions.Analyze evidence: Gather and analyze evidence from multiple sources to support or refute claims and arguments.Use logic and reasoning: Apply logical reasoning andevidence to support arguments and make decisions.Practice problem-solving: Engage in activities that require solving problems and generating creative solutions.Critical thinking is an invaluable tool in a rapidly changing world:It empowers individuals to make informed decisions, adapt to new challenges, and navigate the complexities of modern society.By fostering critical thinking skills, individuals can become more resilient, adaptable, and capable of contributing to society in meaningful ways.中文回答：题目，在快速变化的世界中批判性思维的作用。
环评非重大变更办理流程
环评非重大变更办理流程Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the process of evaluating the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account both direct and indirect effects.环境影响评价(EIA)是评估拟议项目或发展的潜在环境影响的过程，考虑到直接和间接影响。
The EIA process involves the identification, prediction, evaluation, and mitigation of the potential impacts on the environment, as well as the public participation in the decision-making process.环境影响评价过程包括对环境潜在影响的识别、预测、评估和缓解，以及公众参与决策过程。
When a project undergoes a non-significant modification, it may require a non-major change environmental impact assessment.当一个项目经历非重大修改时，可能需要进行非重大变更环境影响评价。
The non-major change environmental impact assessment process is designed to ensure that changes to a project do not result in significant environmental impacts that were not previously evaluated.非重大变更环境影响评价的流程旨在确保项目的变更不会导致未经先前评估的重大环境影响。
2015美赛H奖论文
D
2015 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet (Attach a copy of this page to your solution paper.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor, or team members on this page. Sustainable development refers to the development that not only meets the needs of the present, but also brings no harm to the ability of future generation in meeting their own needs. How to determine the degree of a country’s sustainability, how to forecast the developing tendency and how to create the most effective sustainable development plan that based on the current situation of a certain country is one of the most far-reaching research issues in the world. This paper discusses the above problems and analyzes deeply to obtain the result with great value. First of all, in order to determine the degree of sustainability of a country, we propose two models to measure the sustainable level. In the first model, we use PCA and AHP to divide sustainability into three levels. On this basis, we introduce the concept of coordination degree to help the analysis of the degree of the coordination among each indicator. In addition, in order to further define the degree of sustainability of a country, we establish coupling model. It introduces the variable of time, making the judgment of a country’s sustainability far more accurate in degree and in time. Then, we choose a LCD country. In order to raise its level of sustainable development, through the establishment of grey model, we form a sustainable development plan for the country which based on the forecast of its development situation in the future 20 years. After that, we use the first model to evaluate the effect of the 20-year sustainability plan. Proceed from the LDC country’s actual conditions, we also consider other factors that may affect the sustainable degree, and accordingly improve the first model. By using the new model, we evaluate the effect of the 20year plan again and find out the increase of the sustainable degree of this country becomes lower, which is in accord with the fact. So it verifies the reasonability of the new model. Finally, in order to achieve our final goal to create a more sustainable world, we find out the most effective program or policy of sustainable development for this LDC country. We solve the problem in two ways. One is to consider the influence of policies on the sustainability measure. Another is taking cost into account. We introduce the concept of the actual benefit, and establish the cost-benefit model. In this model, we calculate each strategy’s ratio of benefit and cost, so as to determine the optimal strategy. Key words: analytic hierarchy process, coupling model, cost-benefit model, sustainability measure
谈治国理政第四卷研讨发言：深入推进反腐败工作
谈治国理政第四卷研讨发言：深入推进反腐败工作尊敬的领导、各位专家、同仁们：大家好！今天我们聚在一起，探讨的话题是如何深入推进反腐败工作。
反腐败工作是一项重要的治国理政工作，对于推动国家长治久安、维护社会稳定和经济发展具有重要意义。
然而，我们必须清醒地意识到，反腐败工作的形势依然严峻，反腐败斗争决不能有丝毫懈怠。
为做好反腐败工作，我认为我们应当从以下几个方面切入：首先，加强立法。
建立健全反腐败法律法规体系，是打击腐败现象的根本措施。
政府必须着力完善法律标准和法律实施机制，制定出能够全面覆盖各个领域、涵盖全社会所有人员的反腐败法律法规，并且严格执行，建立起对违法舞弊行为的高压震慑机制。
其次，强化监督机制。
治理腐败，必须强化监督。
追求监察和审计的合并和监察机关的独立性，是实现反腐败的关键步骤。
要切实加强对公务员的监督，完善领导干部身份公示制度，坚决查处公款私用、浪费、贪污等腐败行为。
再次，强化群众监督。
把群众当做反腐利剑的重要力量，建立起有效的公民监督机制，发挥群众监督的重要作用，对揭露腐败、打击腐败起到了关键的作用。
当群众拥有更多的信任和支持时，我们就能更快更有效地反腐，使百姓安心、放心。
最后，加大惩治力度。
腐败分子必须受到严厉的打击和惩罚。
我们必须严格执法，大力加强对涉腐的案件侦查、审判和执行等环节的监督。
同时，要采取有效措施，彻底摧毁腐败分子的经济基础，追回赃款“血汗钱”，坚决营造打黑除恶、惩腐治贪的社会气氛。
总之，反腐败工作具有非常广泛的社会基础和众多的重要任务，常常受到一些不肯服从管辖的反动势力的破坏。
我们在遵守法律、尊重法制的同时，必须鼓励广大人民群众积极参与反腐斗争，坚定地站在维护国家政治安全、司法公正和经济发展的战线上，共同推进反腐败工作。
同时，在加强反腐败工作的过程中，我们也不可避免地会遇到一些挑战和问题。
而要解决这些问题，我们需要采取一些有效的措施。
首先，加强领导的作用。
领导干部要树立正确的政治观念和行为准则，以身作则，做到廉洁自律，塑造一道道铜墙铁壁，保障政权的廉洁和清明。
环保绿色之路的英语作文
The path to environmental protection and sustainability is a journey that every individual,community,and nation must undertake to ensure a healthy and thriving planet for future generations.Here are some key aspects to consider when discussing the green path in English compositions:1.Awareness and Education:The first step towards a greener future is raising awareness about the importance of environmental cation plays a crucial role in this,as it equips individuals with the knowledge to make informed decisions that benefit the environment.2.Sustainable Practices:Adopting sustainable practices in daily life is essential.This includes reducing waste,recycling,conserving water,and using energyefficient appliances.It also involves making conscious choices about the products we buy,such as choosing ecofriendly products and supporting companies with green initiatives.3.Renewable Energy:Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar,wind,and hydroelectric power is a significant step in reducing our carbon footprint.These sources are cleaner and more sustainable compared to fossil fuels.4.Green Transportation:Encouraging the use of public transportation,cycling,walking, or using electric vehicles can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Governments and communities can support this by investing in better public transit systems and creating infrastructure that supports greener modes of transport.5.Preservation of Natural Resources:Protecting forests,oceans,and wildlife habitats is vital for maintaining biodiversity and the health of the planet.This involves implementing policies that prevent deforestation,overfishing,and pollution.6.Sustainable Agriculture:Supporting sustainable farming practices that minimize the use of harmful pesticides and fertilizers can help protect soil health and reduce water anic farming and permaculture are examples of such practices.munity Involvement:Local communities play a significant role in environmental conservation.Participating in community cleanups,tree planting initiatives,and supporting local environmental groups can make a difference.ernment Policies:Governments have the power to enact laws and regulations that protect the environment.This includes setting emission standards,regulating industrial practices,and investing in green technologies.9.International Cooperation:Climate change and environmental degradation are global issues that require international cooperation.Countries must work together to combat these challenges,as seen in agreements like the Paris Agreement.10.Individual Responsibility:Ultimately,each person has a part to play in protecting the environment.Small actions,when multiplied by millions of people,can lead to significant positive changes.In conclusion,the path to a greener future is multifaceted and requires the collective effort of all stakeholders.By integrating these principles into our societies,we can work towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly world.。
公共政策评估 英语
公共政策评估英语Public policy evaluation is a crucial aspect of governance, as it determines the effectiveness of policies and their impact on society. It is a process that involves assessing the outcomes of policies and making recommendations for improvement. Evaluating public policies is essential because it helps policymakers to make informed decisions, allocate resources effectively, and improve thequality of life of citizens. In this essay, I will explore the importance of public policy evaluation from multiple perspectives. Firstly, public policy evaluation is important from an economic perspective. Public policies are designed to achieve specific economic objectives, such as reducing poverty, increasing employment, and promoting economic growth. Evaluating these policies helps to determine their economic impact and whether they have achieved their intended objectives. For example, if a policy aimed at reducing poverty has not been effective, policymakers can use the evaluation results to identify the reasons for its failure and make necessary adjustments. Secondly, public policy evaluation is important from a social perspective. Public policies are designed to improve the well-being of citizens, and evaluating them helps to determine whether they have achieved this objective. For example, if a policy aimed at improving access to healthcare has not been effective, policymakers can use the evaluation results to identify the reasons for its failure and make necessary adjustments. This will help to improve the quality of life of citizens and promote social welfare. Thirdly, public policy evaluation is important from a political perspective. Public policies are designed to address political issues, such as inequality, corruption, and social justice. Evaluating these policies helps to determine whether they have achieved their intended political objectives and whether they have been implemented in a fair and transparent manner. For example, if a policy aimed at reducing corruption has not been effective, policymakers can use the evaluation results to identify the reasons for its failure and make necessary adjustments. This will help to promote political stability and strengthen democratic institutions. Fourthly, public policy evaluation is important from a legal perspective. Public policies are designed to comply with legal frameworks, such as human rights, environmental protection, and consumer protection.Evaluating these policies helps to determine whether they have complied with legal requirements and whether they have been implemented in a manner that respects the rule of law. For example, if a policy aimed at protecting the environment has not been effective, policymakers can use the evaluation results to identify the reasons for its failure and make necessary adjustments. This will help to promote legal compliance and strengthen the legal system. Fifthly, public policy evaluation is important from a technological perspective. Public policies are designed to address technological issues, such as innovation, digitalization, and automation. Evaluating these policies helps to determine whether they have achieved their intended technological objectives and whether they have been implemented in a manner that promotes technological progress. For example, if a policy aimed at promoting innovation has not been effective, policymakers can use the evaluation results to identify the reasons for its failure and make necessary adjustments. This will help to promote technological progress and enhance competitiveness. In conclusion, public policy evaluation is essential foreffective governance. It helps to determine the effectiveness of policies andtheir impact on society from multiple perspectives, including economic, social, political, legal, and technological. Evaluating public policies is crucial because it enables policymakers to make informed decisions, allocate resources effectively, and improve the quality of life of citizens. Therefore, policymakers should prioritize public policy evaluation and ensure that it is conducted in a fair, transparent, and objective manner.。