2015年10月《英语》一真题
2015年考研英语一真题及答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friendswith 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that allsubjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seePart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TEXT 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted"kings don't abdicate, they die in their sleep." But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republicans left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above "mere" polities and "embody" a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of polities that explains monarchy's continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history-and sometimes the way they behavetoday-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warming of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe's monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy's reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service-as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy's worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]eased his relationship with his rivals.[B]used to enjoy high public support.[C]was unpopular among European royals.[D]ended his reign in embarrassment.22. Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly[A]to give voters more public figures to look up to.[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality.[C]owing to their undoubted and respectable status.[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment.23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[B] Aristocrats' excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility's adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals "have most to fear" because Charles[A]takes a tough line on political issues.[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised.[C]takes republicans as his potential allies.[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role.25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats[D]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs21.Dended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all MonarchiesTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing." meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable to[A] getting into one's residence.[B] handing one's historical records.[C] scanning one's correspondences.[D] going through one's wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens' privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.26. Bcheck suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.Cdisapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. D citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitutionText 3The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings."Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,"writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journal's editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,"The creation of the'statistics board'was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish."Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to "play primarily on advisory role." He agreed to join because he "found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science."John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is "a most welcome step forward"and "long overdue,""Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,"he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012，but journals should also take a tougher line，"engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process."Vaux says that Science's idea to pass some papers to statisticians "has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify'the papers that need scrutiny'in the first place."31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase "flagged up "(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science's circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers' worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors' DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papersText4Two years ago. Rupert Murdoch's daughter, spoke at the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the mechanism"in society should be profit and the market we the people who create the society we want, not profit."Driving her point home, she continued"It's increasingly absence of purpose，of a moral language with in government, could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies, such as International, she thought, making it more likely that it would fore had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding the predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wide dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of theastonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. Accordign to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B) companies' financial loss due to immoral practices(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defence(A) revealed a cunning personality.(B) centered on trivial issues.(C) was hardly convincing.(D) was part of a conspiracy.39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A) generally distorted values.(B) unfair wealth distribution.(C) a marginalized lifestyle.(D) a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36. A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. Bmore journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. A generally distorted values40. C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)______________ You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)_________________Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to theworld.(43)___________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)________________________This doesn't, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______________________Such dimensions of reading suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading. It doesn't then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures(so especially its languagestructures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.41.C 42.E 43.G 44.B 45.APart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." Thecolonists' first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2015_全国卷1英语_及答案解析
2015 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I)英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C. ￡9.15答案是C。
1.What time is it now?A.9:10B.9:50C. 10:002.What does the woman think of the weather?A.It‘s nice.B. It‘s warmC. It‘s cold3.What will the man do?A.Attend a meetingB. Give a lectureC. Leave his office4.What is the woman‘s opinion about the course?A. Too hardB. Worth takingC. Very easy5.What does the woman want the man to do?A.Speak louderB. Apologize to herC. Turn off the radio第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。
听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料.回答第6. 7题。
6.How long did Michael stay in China?A. Five daysB. One weekC. Two weeks7. Where did Michael go last year?A. Russia.B. NorwayC. India听第7段材料.回答第8、9题。
2015年高考英语全国1卷试题及答案 全国一卷试卷及答案
全国一卷试卷及答案 2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (全国I)
英语
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最
佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,
各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. How long did Michael stay in China?
A. Five days.
B. One week.
C. Two weeks.
7. Where did Michael go last year?
A. Russia.
B. Norway.
C. India.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What food does Sally like?
A. Chicken.
B. Fish.
C. Eggs.
9. What are the speakers going to do?
A. Cook dinner.
B. Go shopping.
C. Order dishes.
听第 8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. Where are the speakers?
全国一卷试卷及答案。
00595英语阅读(一)2015年10月试题和答案
全国2015年10月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595第一部分选择题I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.A major aspect of psychology called behaviorism developed from research on learning. It was introduced in 1913 by the American psychologist John B. Watson, who felt psychologists should study observable behavior rather than states of consciousness or thought processes. He believed changes in behavior result from conditioning, a learning process in which a new response becomes associated with a certain stimulus.Watson's approach to behaviorism was strongly influenced by the research of the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov during the early 1900s. Pavlov’s experiments with animals proved that certain reflex actions can become conditioned responses to entirely new stimuli. For example, a dog's mouth begins to water as a reflex when the animal smells meat. Pavlov rang a bell each time he was about to give meat to a dog. Eventually, the dog's mouth began to water when Pavlov merely rang the bell. The flow of saliva had become a conditioned response to. the ringing of the bell.Watson demonstrated that responses of human beings could be conditioned in a similar manner. In an experiment, he struck a metal bar loudly each time an infant touched a furry animal. The sound scared the child, who in time became frightened by the mere sight of the animal. Watson felt he could produce almost any response in a child if he were able to control the child’s environment.During the mid-1900s, the American behavioral psychologist B. F. Skinner became known for his studies of how rewards and punishments can influence behavior. He believed that rewards, or positive reinforcements, cause behavior to be repeated. Positive reinforcements might include praise, food, or simply a person's satisfaction with his or her own skill. Punishments discourage certain behavior and warn people to avoid situations in which they might be punished. Skinner concluded that positive reinforcement is more effective in teaching new and better behaviors. His work led to the development of teaching machines, which are based on positive reinforcement.1.In Watson’s view, changes in behavior are caused by_____.A.thought processesB. mental factorsC. learning processesD. states of consciousness2.In the 2nd paragraph, the example is used to show that_____.A.studies of reflex actions began in RussiaB.responses of human beings and animals may both be conditionedC.responses of human beings to stimuli differ from those of animalsD.reflex actions may become conditioned responses to totally new stimuli3.It can be inferred from the passage that_____.A.Watson’s research focus was the control of environmentB.Watson’s approach to behaviorism was close to that of PavlovC.Watson’s approach to behaviorism was close to that of SkinnerD.Watson’s research is a combination of that of Pavl ov and Skinner4.According to B. F. Skinner, positive reinforcement_____.A.has the same effect as punishment on children’s behaviorsB.is more likely to bring about better behaviors than punishmentC.is as effective as punishment in teaching children to learn new skillsD.is more effective in avoiding situations leading to repeated behaviors5.The passage focuses on_____.A.reflex actions of animalsB.various learning processesC.different approaches to behaviorismD.the importance of controlling childrenPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.The world perceives people with rich vocabularies to be more creative, more intelligent. People with larger vocabularies get hired quicker and promoted faster. So big winners use rich, full words, but they never sound inappropriate. The phrases slide gracefully off their tongues to enrich their conversation. The words fit. Big players choose words to match their personalities and their points with the same care as they choose their ties or their blouses.The startling good news is that the difference between a respected vocabulary and a mundane one lies in only about fifty words! You don't need much to sound like a big winner. A mere few dozen wonderful words will give everyone the impression that you have an original and creative mind.Acquiring this super vocabulary is easy. All you need to do is to think of a few tired, overworked words you use every day—words like smart, nice, pretty, or good. Then grab a thesaurus or book of synonyms off the shelf. Look up that common word you are bored hearing yourself utter every day. Examine your long list of alternatives.For example,you’ve been at a party and it was wonderful. Don’t tell the hosts it was wonderful. Everybody says that. Tell them it was a splendid party, a party, anparty. Hug the hosts and tell them you had a magnificent time, a remarkable time, a glorious time.Look up some common words you use every day in the thesaurus. Then, like slipping your feet into a new pair of shoes, slip your tongue into a few new words to see how they fit. If you like them, start making permanent replacements.Remember, only fifty words make the difference between a rich, creative vocabulary and an average, middle-of-the-road one. Substitute a word a day for two months and you’ll be in the verbally elite.6.“Big winners” at work or “big players” in life are characterized by all the following EXCEPT______.A. their being extremely wealthyB. heir appropriate use of wordsC. their likelihood to be promotedD. their appropriate choice of clothes7.The word “mundane” in the 2nd paragraph is closest in meaning to_______.A. ingeniousB. redundantC. colorfulD. ordinary8.Which of the following is regarded by the author as a middle-of-the-road word?A. Wonderful.B. Splendid.C. Superb.D. Extraordinary.9.According to the author, super vocabulary can be acquired through .A.the frequent use of a book of synonymsB.the frequent use of commonplace wordsC.the substitution of short words for long onesD.the substitution of ordinary words for rich ones10. The author's attitude towards people who use rich, full words is______.A. favorableB. criticalC. impartialD. indifferentPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Whether it is out of necessity or by choice, for most of us there are periods when much of what we do does not afford us satisfaction. Many students never enjoy exam period; and even in the most engaging workplaces, some projects are less interesting than others.Research shows that pursuing self-satisfying goals—engaging in activities that are meaningful and pleasurable—impacts our experience in other areas that are not directly related to these activities. Meaningful and pleasurable activities can function like a candle in a dark room, and just as it takes a small flame or two to light up an entire physical space, one or two happy experiences during an otherwise uninspiring period can transform our general state and rejuvenate us. I call these brief but transforming experiences happiness boosters—activities，lasting anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours，that provide us with both meaning and pleasure, both present and future benefit.Happiness boosters can inspire and invigorate us, acting as both a motivation pull and a motivation push. For a single parent, a happiness booster in the form of a meaningful outing with her children over the weekend can change her overall experience of life, including the hours spent at work. The outing can motivate her and pull her through the week，giving her something to look forward to when she gets up for work in the morning. The same happiness booster can then energize her, providing her with the push she needs by recharging her motivational stores for the following week.Ideally, we want our entire day to be filled with happy experiences. This kind of life is not always attainable, though, and it might be that we need to wait until evenings or weekends to pursue activities that provide present and future benefit.One of the common mistakes people make is that in their free time they choose passive pleasure-seeking over an active pursuit of happiness. At the end of a hard day at work or in school, they opt to do nothing but sit around in front of the television screen rather than engage in activities that are both meaningful and pleasurable.11. The opening paragraph of the passage implies that people do not always_____.pel themselves to do what they dislikeB.seek a more gratifying job that pays lessC.seek a well-paid job that they dislikeD.engage in pleasurable activities12. The word “rejuvenate” in the 2nd paragraph can be replaced by_____.A. invigorateB. entertainC. impactD. accelerate13. According to the author，“happiness boosters”refers to_____.A.experiences that are likely to change your way of lifeB. experiences that may help you enhance your learning abilityC.activities that last for a short while but their effect may be lastingD.activities that lead to pleasurable experiences in other unrelated areas14. The author uses the case of a single mother to demonstrate____.A.how she provides her children with a recreational activityB.how she actively pursues self-satisfying goals in her careerC.the role of happiness boosters in people’s work and daily lifeD.the influence of an occasional outing on the way people work and live15. In the last paragraph，the author .A.points out a common mistake people make in their free timeB.urges people to engage in meaningful and pleasurable activitiesC. states that it is not possible to fill each day with happy experiencesD. criticizes people who spend most of their free time watching televisionPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.In 1575, the French scholar Louis LeRoy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We also feel that our times are out of order; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are.The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will min the environment, upset the climate, and damage human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue.The future is never a projection (投射）of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us? trend is not destiny. The escape fromexisting trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes.Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain, modem societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies of the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences.Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have arisen. There have been the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering, even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale.One of the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grassroots movements rather than from official directives.16.It can be inferred from the 1st paragraph that Louis LeRoy_____the changes in his time.A. welcomedB. facilitateC.objected toD. overlooked17.If the present trends continue, the earth will face the following threats EXCEPT_____.A.sluggish growth of technologyB.serious pollution of environmentplete exhaustion of resourcesD. use of nuclear weapons as blackmail18.Which of the following statements is true of human beings?A.They will be free from social evolution.B.They have manipulated behavior and genes.C.They can possibly guard against future dangers.D.They can escape the tyranny of biological evolution.19.Human beings have effectively dealt with critical situations by_____.A.increasing productionB.arousing public awarenessunching political campaignsD.making technological progress20.In our times, the force to change certain trends usually comes from_____.A. scientistsB. ordinary peopleC. politiciansD. official directivesII. SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.The development of specialized courts for dealing with offenders convicted of driving while intoxicated (DWI) or driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) arose after the efficacy of drug and other problem-solving courts had been demonstrated. The first DWI court in the United States was established in New Mexico in 1995. The number has been growing rapidly and there were about 400 such courts operating in 2008.Drunken driving is a serious problem in the United States. Fortunately, the proportion of alcohol-related traffic fatalities has fallen from over 60 percent in 1975 to about 40 percent in recent years. When calculated in terms of the number of vehicles on the road, of vehicle miles traveled, or of the number of licensed drivers, the proportion has been cut in about half since the early 1980s. Still, over 15,000 people are killed each year in alcohol-related crashes, several thousands of which involve intoxicated drivers. Every single injury and death caused by drunken driving is totally preventable.Most drivers who have had something to drink have low blood alcohol content or concentration (BAC) and relatively few are involved in fatal crashes. On the other hand, while only a few drivers have BACs higher than .15, a much higher proportion of those drivers have fatal crashes. The average BAC among fatally injured drivers is .16. That is, it is twice the maximum legal BAC limit for driving.DWI courts apply the successful drug court model to alcohol-impaired drivers. They reflect the experience that society cannot rely solely on punishment to solve a serious social problem rooted largely in a medical problem—alcoholism. The traditional approach of relying on punishment without treatment and accountability has proven to be largely ineffective with repeat offenders. As one judge observed, we cannot “jail our way out of the problem.” These courts address the problem by holding offenders to a high level of accountability, providing long-term intensive treatment, and carefully monitoring offender behavior for compliance.21.The first DWI court in the United States was founded in_____.A. 1975B. 1980C. 1995D. 200822.DWI courts have developed rapidly in the United States because_____.A.drug courts have effectively reduced traffic crashes and deathsB.DWI drivers tend to offend when having very high and dangerous BACsC.DWI drivers are very resistant to changing their drunken driving behaviorD.drug and other similar problem-solving courts have proven to be effective23.In the US, the proportion of alcohol-related traffic fatalities in recent years is_____.A. less than 30%B. about 40%C. approximately 50%D. more than 60%24. According to the text, the maximum legal BAC limit for driving is_____.A. .075B. .08C. .15D. .1625. The traditional practice of dealing with repeat DWI offenders is to_____.A.punish them without medical treatmentB.provide them with long-term treatmentC.put them in jail with intensive treatmentD.arouse their strong sense of responsibilityPassage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Not so long ago a school field trip was a walk through the nearest park or, if you were very lucky, a day trip to the zoo. Nowadays, some schools in the U.K. visit such exotic places as the Canadian Arctic，the Great Barrier Reef，and Japan—and within a week. What's going on? Videoconferencing! These are virtual field trips made possible by technology.Videoconferencing systems vary in the technology they use and the cost, but the basic idea is always the same: it's like making a phone call but using a camera and a screen instead of a telephone. The cheapest systems start at about £700 with a video phone, a television and a camcorder. It is possible, though, to spend thousands of pounds if you use state-of-the-art equipment and broadband satellite connections. Most schools can only afford a basic system, but even this can be a remarkable resource full of possibilities.One such possibility is to allow children to “visit” places almost anywhere in the world. These virtual field trips, however, involve more than simply bringing live video pictures into the classroom. Children don’t just watch--they take part. In a live link up with NASA, for example, children were able to speak to a real astronaut. On another occasion the link was with a diver swimming around Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. As she swam，she answered children’s questions about the fish and plant life they could see on the screen. One class has even had a live chat with Tony Blair. They were gathered around the TV monitor at school while the then Prime Minister was enjoying a cup of tea at Downing Street.Events like these are an exciting way for children to learn about science and politics by speaking to people directly involved. The children also get to develop important communication skills by expressing themselves, speaking clearly and thinking about the sort of questions they want to ask.Videoconferencing also provides opportunities for children to team up with other children around the globe. Meeting people from other countries is a wonderful experience for any child. Apart from improving their language skills, it helps them appreciate other cultures. In the past, only a few lucky children were able to experience this by travelling abroad on school exchange programs一spending a few weeks in France or Germany, for example. Videoconferencing makes it possible for many more children to come into contact with cultures.Some U.K. schoolchildren, for example, have met up with classmates in California and Japan, learning what it's like to live in an earthquake zone. Others have chatted with Inuit children from Canada. One class regularly meets with children from Finland. Videoconferencing makes foreign cultures “real” in a way not possible through books. And the fact that children can see each other on screen helps them build real relationships—make friends even-despite the huge distances between them.26.Traditionally, a school field trip may involve a trip to .A.Downing StreetB. a park or zoo nearbyC.the Canadian ArcticD. the Great Barrier Reef27.All videoconferencing systems .e the same equipmentB. have broadband satellite connectionse state-of-the-art equipmentD. are based on the same basic i dea28.Videoconferences give children chances to .A.travel around the worldB.find exchange programsC.get involved in virtual field tripsD.swim around the Great Barrier Reef29.By videoconferencing, children can do the following EXCEPT .A.experiencing foreign culturesB.improving their communication skillsC.spending a few weeks in a foreign countryD.making friends with children of other countries30.According to the passage, Inuit children are from .A. CanadaB. JapanC. FinlandD. Germany非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
2015英语一答案
1.A. what 2.B. concluded 3.D. on 4.C. compared 5.C. samples 6.A. insignificant 7.C. know 8.D. resemble 9.B. also 10.D. Perhaps 11.B. to 12.D. drive 13.B. rather than 14.C. benefits 15.A. faster 16.D. understand 17.B. contributory 18.A. tendency 19.C. ethnic 20.A. see
Part B
41. C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.
42. E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.
高中英语真题-学2015届高三10月月考英语试题
高中英语真题:学2015届高三10月月考英语试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共100分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10称钟的时间来回答有关小题如阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the cat?A. On the wallB. In a garage.C. In a tree.2. How much does the woman weigh now?A. 147 pounds.B.153 pounds.C. 160 pounds.3. Where does the conversation take place?A. At home.B. At a tailor’s.C. At a store4. What does the woman think of the ads?A. Funny.B. Meaningless.C. Ineffective.5. Why does the woman need help?A. She doesn’t know what gift to choose.B. She can’t decide whether to buy a present.C. She doesn’t have enough money to buy a camera.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. When the conference will begin.B. When the report will be finished.C. When the woman will go to .7. What will the woman do this weekend?A. Attend a meeting.B. See Sarah.C. Work on a report.听第7段材料，回答第8 、9题。
全国2015年10月00012《英语(一)》历年真题及答案【带解析】
The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks. For one reason or another, two of them false started so they were disqualified（取消资格）. That left only one to compete. It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is what's important.
But in those few difficult strokes（划动）, the crowd had changed.
No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer. Some even began to stand and shouted things like, "Come on, you can do it!" and "Go for it!" He did.
2015年考研英语一真题答案(完整版)
2015年考研英语一真题答案（完整版）一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.Dendedhisreigninembarrassment.22.Cowingtotheundoubtedandrespectablestatus23.Atheroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracy24.Bfailstochangehislifestyleasadvised.25.DCarlos,alessonforallMonarchieshecksuspect'sphonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.27.Adisapproval28.Agettingintoone'sresidenceitizens'privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected30.Bnewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheconstitution31.Bjournalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks32.Bmarked33.Dsetanexampleforotherjournals34.Chasroomforfurtherimprovement35.AsciencejoinsPushtoscreenstatisticsinpapers36.Dtheconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism37.Amorejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking38.Cwashardlyconvincing39.Bgenerallydistortedvalues40.DmoralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaperPart B41.Cifyouareunfamiliar...42.Eyoumakefurtherinferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.Bfactorssuchas...45.Aarewestudyingthat ...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
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2015年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(一)试卷(课程代码 00012)第一部分选择题(共20分)一，阅读判断(第1-10题，每题1分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了十个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C,并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。
Atwentieth-centurywomanMaryaSkodowska was born onNovember 7, 1867, in Poland. Marya’s father wanted hisfive children to go tocollege, but the family was poor. In fact, Maryaworkedfor six years to makemoney so her elder sister Bronya could study medicine inParis.When Bronyafinished medical school in 1891, 23-year-old Marya went toParis to begin herown study.InJuly 1893, Marie passed herphysics exam first in her class. At this time, shemet Pierre curie, a youngscientist. Marie and Pierre found that they had muchin common. They bothbelieved that science was the most important part of theirlives. They didn’tcare about money or about being comfortable. They fell inlove, and weremarried on July 26, 1895. Marie and Pierre were very happy. Theydiscussedtheir work as well as the most recent scientific events, such as the discoveryofX rays. Marie was interested in this research and began to look forunknownelements that had such rays. Pierre stopped his own research in order tohelpMarie in her work. He realized that she was about to make animportantdiscovery.In1898, they discovered two newelements that gave off X rays. In those days, noone knew that such materialswere dangerous. They did not know that working withthese materials causedtheirillness, and they kept working. Finally, in 1902,they proved that radium(镭) is real.OnJune 25, 1903, Madame became thefirst woman to receive a doctor of sciencedegree from the Sorbonne. Then shereceived an even greater award. In 1903,Marie and Pierre and Henri wereawarded the Nobel Prize in physics.1Marya went to Paris to begin herown study when she finished medical school.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not given2Marya changed her name to Frenchform, Marie , in Paris.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given3Marya had quarreled with hersister before moving out of her sister’s home.A.TrueB. FalseC. Not given4Marya was happy even if she livedin hard living conditions.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given5Marie and Pierre fell in lovebecause they had different ideas about science andlife.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given6Pierre didn’t want to stop hisown research to help Marie.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given7Pierre’s parents didn’t agreewith his marriage with Marie.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given8Marie alone found two elementsthat gave off X rays in 1898.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given9Marie and Pierre did not know thedanger of those materials giving off X rays.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given10Marie and Pierre won the NobelPrize in physics in 1903.A.TrueB.FalseC. Not given二阅读选择(第11-15题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A,B,C,D,)中选出1个最佳选项，并在“答题卡”上将相应字母涂黑。
NationalHealth ServiceTheBritish National Health Service (NHS) was setup in 1948 and was to provideequal basic and free health care for everybody inthe countryside. Before thistime, health care had to be paid for byindividuals.Nowadays,the central government is directlyresponsible for the NHS, although it ismanaged by local health organizations.About 83 percent of the cost of thehealth service is paid for bygeneraltaxation and the rest is met from thenational insurance contributions paid bythose in work. Some people have to payfor prescription and dental care butother people, such as children, pregnantwomen, and those on income support,are exempt from payment.Asthe people of Britain gets older, the hospitalservice now treats more patientsthan before, although patients spend less timein hospital. NHS hospitals---manyof which were built in the nineteenthcentury—provide nearly half a million bedsand have over 480,000 medical staff.The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe,although Britain actually spendsless per person on health care than most of herEuropean neighbors.Duringthe 1980s, the health service increasedemphasis on managerial efficiency andthe privatization (私人化) of some services (for example,cleaning). Atthe end of the 198s, the government introduced plans for furtherreform of theNHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-managing.Patients would beable to choose and change their family doctor moreeasily.However, thepolitical questions continue of how much money should be providedtosupportthe NHS and where it should come from.11 Wecan know from the first paragraph that_____________.A. theNHS was to provide equal basic health care for people in the cities.B.people in cities didn’t have to pay for health care before 1948.C.patients in countryside had to pay money for health care before 1948D. theNHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers.12What does the underlined word “exempt”probably mean?A.sufferingB. differentC. preventedD. free13According to paragraph 2 and 3, which of thefollowing is TRUE about HNS?A. It’smanaged by the central government.B. ithires more people than any other unit in Europe.C. fewerpatients go to NHS hospitals than before in Britain.D. itscost is mainly paid for by the national insurance contributions14The NHS reform during 1980s focused more on_______________.A.efficiency and self-managingB.efficiencyandprivatizationpetition and self-managingpetition and privatization15According to the last paragraph, the biggestproblem for the NHS is ___________.A. manyhospitals are too old to be usedB. someservices are provided by individualsC. morepatients go to other countries for treatmentD. thereis not enough money for further reform第二部分非选择题(共80分)三，概括段落大意和补全句子(第16-25题，每题1分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的两项测试任务：(1)从第16-20题后所给的6个选项中为第①--⑤段每段选择一个正确的小标题;(2)从第21-25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。