学位英语试题及答案

The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new Industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concern about genetically engineered crops
遗传学的研究催生了一个有利可图的新的产业——生物技术。

顾名思义,它融合了生物学和现代技术通过基因工程等技术。

一些新的生物技术公司,因为他们被称为,专门从事农业和专利正在热情地给高产种子,抵御疾病,干旱、霜冻,减少有害化学物质的需要。

如果这样的目标可以实现,这将是最有益的。

但一些人担心转基因作物
“In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits,”says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. “A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato…”Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could
mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans. In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.
”在自然界中,遗传多样性在一定范围内,创建“说这本书基因工程,食品和我们的环境。

“玫瑰可以过一种不同的玫瑰,但玫瑰永远不会交叉马铃薯…“基因工程,另一方面,通常涉及基因从一个物种插入另一个为了转移所需的属性或特征。

例如,这可能意味着选择一种基因导致的生产防冻剂的化学属性从一个北极鱼,并加入到土豆和草莓抗寒性。

现在可能与基因工程植物来自细菌、病毒、昆虫、动物甚至人类。

从本质上讲,生物技术允许人类基因墙壁,单独的物种。

Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity---some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a
new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes,”said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.
绿色革命一样,一些所谓的基因革命导致遗传一致性的问题,有些说更是如此,因为遗传学家可以利用克隆等技术和组织文化、过程产生完全相同的副本,或者克隆。

生物多样性的流失的担忧,因此,依然存在。

然而,转基因植物,提出新问题,如影响,他们可能会对我们和环境。

“我们飞盲目进入一个新时代的农业生物技术很高的期望,一些约束,和小的潜在结果,“科学作家杰里米·里夫金说。