中考英语专题《介词》教学案(附练习答案解析)

中考专题六介词【教学目标】知识和技能:1、熟悉并记忆中考词汇表的搭配和本课的重点搭配与短语。

2、会正确使用常用的介词。

过程和方法：1、通过检测的形式，了解学生掌握情况。

2、通过大量针对性与补充练习，操练本课短语和搭配。

情感态度和价值观培养学生对待事物的耐心和细致【教学重点】：1、常用、疑难短语的辨析3、语境内容的判断【教学难点】：介词短语的使用.【知识梳理】介词的定义及语法功能一．介词的定义：介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。

二.介词的句法功能：介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。

1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.三．介词的分类1above在…前, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面,…近旁, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at 在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by 在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环向…后面, b etween…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下,for向..., from从/离..., in进入..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on 向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...about大约..., after在…以后, at在…(时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止,期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时,at the end of 在...末, in the middle of在...当中,at the time of在...时as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言其它介词:【目的介词】for为了..., from防止…,to为了…【原因介词】for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...【比较介词】as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同【伴随/状态介词】against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起2重要注释：⑴this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等词构成的时间短语,前面不用任何介词。

如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.He had a bad cold that week.⑵for有时用来引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,常翻译成“对于…而言”。

如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.⑶of有时用来表示后面的人物正好是前面的表语的逻辑主语。

如：I t’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你这么做真是太好了)⑷介词有时会与它的宾语分离,而且宾语前置。

①当宾语是疑问词时。

Who are you talking about?(你们在谈论谁？)②宾语在从句中当连接词时。

He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?③动词不定式作定语且该动词为不及物动词,后面有介词。

I finally found a chair to sit on.【典型例题】：2013年上海市中考1.Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays _____ October!A. inB. onC. atD. to2.The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad our health.A. fromB. withC. ofD. for2014年上海市中考3.Students are encouraged to share their learning experience their classmates.A. toB. inC. atD. with【思维训练】(一) 改正下列句子中使用错误的介词1、We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.2、Don't sleep at daytime.1、We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.4、He became a writer at his twenties.5、He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.6、We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.7、I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.8、I haven't see you during the summer holidays.9、At entering the classroom, I heard the good news.10、In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.11、Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.12、He came to London before last weekend.13、I have studied English for three years since I had come here.14、I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.15、Three days after he died.16、She hid herself after the tree.17、There is a beautiful bird on the tree.18、Shanghai is on the east of China.19、I arrived at New York on July 2nd.20、He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.21、There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.22、This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.23、Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper?24、The school will begin on September 1st.25、In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.26、Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.27，I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.28、I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.（二）选择题1. - Thank you ＿＿＿the beautiful flowers!- Not at all.A. inB. onC. atD. for2. Can you answer this question ＿＿＿English?A. byB. inC. withD. from3. Look ＿＿＿the map ＿＿＿China ＿＿＿the wall, please.A after, of, inB at, of, in C. after, in, on D. at, of, on4. - When did Mr Green arrive in London?- He arrived there ＿＿＿the evening of December 6th.A. atB. inC. onD. to5. We won the relay race. And there was a big smile ＿＿＿our teacher's face.A. offB. nearC. onD. between6. The twins got on well ＿＿＿their classmates.A. toB. inC. withD. about7. - Please remember to come to my birthday party.- I see. I'll come ＿＿＿Saturday evening.A. inB. atC. onD. for8. Let's hurry，or we'll be late ＿＿＿school.A.toB.atC.withD.for9.They will have a maths test ＿＿＿two days.A.forB.atC.inD.after10. My brother joined the army ＿＿＿.A.1989，MarchB.in March，1989C.March，1989D.1989，in March11 He couldn't work out the maths problem ＿＿＿your help.A.withoutB.underC.forD.with12 Granny took one look at us ＿＿＿her glasses.A.byB.throughC.onD.in13. We had our breakfast ＿＿＿a quarter ＿＿＿seven.A./，toB.in，toC.at，toD.on，to14.I learn French ＿＿＿the radio every day.A.onB.inC.fromD.at15. It's good manners to wait ＿＿＿line.A.inB.onC.atD.with16 How many English words had you learnt ＿＿＿last term?A.by the end ofB.at the end ofC.to the end ofD.till the end of17. The manager was very satisfied ＿＿＿his work.A.inB.onC.aboutD.with18. John hit Jack ＿＿＿face.A.on theB.in theC.on hisD.in his19.I was born ＿＿＿the night ＿＿＿September 15，1978.A.in，onB.at，onC.at，inD.on，of20.It's a bad manner to laugh ＿＿＿people when they are ＿＿＿trouble.A.over，inB.at，inC.in，atD.at，for21 I can't do this work well ＿＿＿Tom's help.A.underB.forC.withoutD.from22. Don't shout ＿＿＿the old woman.You should be more polite ＿＿＿her.A.to，atB.at，toC.in，forD.from，for23. We must be strict ＿＿＿our selves ＿＿＿everything.A.with，inB.in，withC.with，toD.to，of24. He went to the football match ＿＿＿lunch last Sunday.A.toB.withoutC.behindD.between25. The people's Republic of China was founded ＿＿＿1949.A.withB.onC.sinceD.in26. Mr Black got to Hangzhou ＿＿＿a few days.A.inB.afterC.onD.at27. - Has the teacher given you any advice ＿＿＿your English study?- Yes，he has.A.fromB.withC.onD.in28. You may depend ＿＿＿him.He is ＿＿＿honest man.A.on，aB.in，anC.on，anD.at，the29. ＿＿＿my joy，I can answer this question.A.WithB.ToC.ByD.For30. The teacher asked the students to look ＿＿＿the word in the dictionary.A.forB.atC.upD.after31. A little monkey is playing ＿＿＿a tree and there are a lot of bananas ＿＿＿itA.on，onB.in，onC.on，inD.in，in32. I go to school ＿＿＿bus every morning.A. inB. byC. onD. at33. No one likes a person ＿＿＿bad manners.A. withoutB. onC. out ofD. with34. The policeman was surprised ＿＿＿the news.A. intoB. forC. atD. out of35. He had to sell newspapers ＿＿＿seven.A. at an age ofB. at the ages ofC. at the age ofD. at age of【挑战自我】1. This skirt is made ________ your mother ________ her own measure.A. for; toB. for; forC. to; toD. for; by2. Instead of calling ________ his uncle, he called ________ my new house with his wife that day.A. by; forB. on; atC. for; onD. at; by3. Kate’s little brother kicked the ball to the river; she took great trouble to get it ________ the river.A. onB. fromC. from onD. over from4. The pretty girl is known ________ the public ________ a little film star ________ her excellent performance in a film.A. in; as; withB. to; as; forC. among; with; inD. by; for; because of5. It’s really hot ________ January in Har bin now. Better take off your coat.A. inB. duringC. forD. to6. —They all agree ________ George. Has the project been passed?—Who ________ George can make the final decision?A.except; exceptB.except; besideC.but; butD. besides; but7. So far, several ships have been reported missing ________ the coast of Bermuda.A. offB. alongC. onD. around8. —I like coffee with nothing in it. What about you?—I prefer coffee ________ sugar.A. toB. forC. withD. than9. —I’m going to cut the big tree down? —What ________ ?A. byB. toC. withD. at10. Britain has recently had a high level of unemployment—but the same is true ________ many other countries.A. atB. fromC. ofD. to11. ________ her hair getting gray, she has decided to have it dyed.A. AsB. ForC. WithD. Though12. —These boxes are too heavy for me to move.—Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.A. forB. toC. withD. by13. —Do you have ________ difficulty working out the problem?—Yes. It is ________ me.A. no; easy forB. some; withinC. any; withinD. any; beyond14. Mr Black was driving fast to take his wife to a nearby hospital because their baby was ________.A. on its wayB. in the wayC. by the wayD. out of the way15. There is no greater love than ________ who devotes his whole life ________ mankind.A. that of a man; to benefitingB. a man; to benefitingC. that of a man’s; benefitsD. a man’s love; in benefiting16. —I wonder what’s on television this evening. Have you got a newspaper?—Yes, ________ TV programmes are ________ the back page.A. the; onB. the; inC. / ; inD. / ; on17. Most people in that area objected with little effect ________ a golf playground there.A. to buildB. of buildingC. to have builtD. to building18. Food prices increased ________ 10% in less than a year.A. forB. toC. byD. at19. Areas where students have particular difficulty have been treated ________ particular care.A. byB. withC. asD. in20. The study you have been making ________ the ancient Chinese characters is an instructive job.A. toB. forC. ofD. from21. —Have you read the book War and Peace ________ Tolstoy?—No. I’ve never heard of it.A. forB. byC. withD. to22. ________ the rapid growth of short messages sent by mobile phones, the increasing number of criminal cases appeared through short messages.A. ForB. ByC. AsD. With23. Mr Smith sold that magnificent cottage of his on the sea ________ 2,000,000 dollars.A. atB. forC. toD. by24. The customer bargained with the shopkeeper for a long time, and finally they agreed ________ the price.A. toB. withC. onD. at25. I am anxious about what notes he made in the back of his diary ________ things to mend or replace.A. byB. inC. withD. of26. I don’t think it’s fair to judge a person ________ their clothes.A. inB. fromC. withD. on27. Books are the most important records we keep ________ man’s thoughts, ideas and feelings.A. upB. ofC. forD. on28. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the developments and recorded every detail.A. inB. atC. forD. on29. I’ve k ept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school ________ twenty years ago.A. tillB. withC. aboutD. since30. The woman sold the eggs ________ seven dollars and they were sold ________ half price.A. with, atB. for, atC. at, inD. by, on典型例题ADD一、介词集训基础题(一) 找出错误的介词答案（一）1、［误］We got to the top of the mountain in daybreak.［正］We got to the top of the mountain at day break.［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night。