英语语言学词汇汇总
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表Aabbreviation 缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格accent 重音（符）accusative 宾格achievement test 成绩测试acoustic phonetics 声学语音学acquisition 习得acronym 缩略语action process 动作过程actor 动作者address form 称呼形式addressee 受话人addresser 发话人adjective 形容词adjunct 修饰成分附加语adverb 副词affix 词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate 塞擦音agreement 一致关系airstream 气流alliteration 头韵allomorph 词/语素变体allophone 音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge 齿龈alveolar 齿龈音ambiguity 歧义analogical creation 类推造字anapest 抑抑扬格anaphor 前指替代anaphoric reference 前指照应animate 有生命的annotation 注解antecedent 先行词前在词anthropologicallinguistics 人类语言学anticipatorycoarticulation 逆化协同发音antonomasia 换称代类名antonym 反义词antonymy 反义(关系)appellative 称谓性applied linguistics 应用语言学applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy 适宜性appropriateness 适宜性得体性approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test 素质测试Arabic 阿拉伯语arbitrariness 任意性argument 中项中词主目article 冠词articulation 发音articulator 发音器官articulatory phonetics 发音语音学artificial speech 人工言语aspect 体aspirated 吐气送气assimilation 同化associative 联想associative meaning 联想意义assonance 准压韵半谐音attributive 属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics 听觉语音学authentic input 真实投入authorial style 权威风格authoring program 编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary 助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bbabbling stage 婴儿语阶段back-formation 逆构词法base component 基础部分behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism 双语现象binary division 二分法binary feature 二分特征binary taxonomy 二分分类学binding 制约binding theory 制约论blade 舌叶舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗blending 混成法borrowing 借用借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 管辖论bracketing 括号法brevity maxim 简洁准则bridging 架接broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Brown corpus 布朗语料库Ccalculability 可计算性calque 仿造仿造词语cancellability 可删除cardinal numeral 基数cardinal vowel 基本元音case 格case grammar格语法case theory格理论category 范畴categorical component 范畴成分causative 使役的使投动词center 中心词central determiner 中心限定词chain relation 链状关系chain system 链状系统choice 选择choice system 选择系统circumstance 环境因子class 词类class shift 词性变换clause 小句从句click 吸气音咂音clipping 截断法closed class 封闭类closed syllable 闭音节cluster 音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码信码cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 相关关联cohension 衔接co-hyponym 同下义词colligation 类连结collocative meaning 搭配意义color word 色彩词color word system 色彩词系统command 指令common core 共核common noun 普通名词communication 交际communicative competence 交际能力communicative dynamism, CD 交际性动力communicative language teaching, CLT 交际语言教学法communicative Sentence Pattern, CSP 交际性句子模式communicative syllabus 交际教学大纲communicative test 交际性测试communicative-grammatical approach 交际-语法教学法compact disk 激光盘comparative degree 比较级competence 能力complement 补语complementary antonym 互补反义词complementary antonymy 互补反义关系complementary distribution互补分布complex predicate 复合谓语component 成分componential analysis 成分分析composite proposition 复合命题compositionality 复合性compound 复合词复合句comprehension 理解computation 计算computational linguistics 计算语言学computational system 计算系统computer-assisted learning,CAL 计算机辅助学习computer corpus 计算机语料库computer hardware 计算机硬件computer literacy 计算机操作能力computer networks 计算机网络computer system 计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction, CAI 计算机辅助教学computer-assistedlearning,CALL 计算机辅助语言学习conative 意动的concept 概念conceptual meaning 概念意义concord 一致（关系）concordance 共现关系concrete noun 具体名词concurrent 同时发生的conjugation 词形变化conjunct 连接副词conjunction 连接词conjunction buttressing 连接词支撑connotation 内涵consequent 跟随成分consonance 辅音韵consonant辅音constant opposition 不变对立constative 表述的constituent command 成分指令constituent proposition 成分命题constituent structure analysis 成分结构分析constituent 成分construct 编制construct validity 编制效度construction 构建constructivism 构建主义content analysis 内容分析content validity 内容效度content word 实义词context dependent 语境依赖的context of situation 情景语境context 语境contextual analyses 语境分析contextual meaning 语境意义contrastive analysis 对比分析control theory 控制理论controlled language 有控制的语言convention 常规规约conventional meaning 常规意义规约意义conventionality 常规性规约性conversational implicature会话含义conversational maxim 会话准则converse antonymy 相反反义现象conversion 变换cooperative principle, CP 合作原则coordinate construction 并列结构coordination 并列coreferential 互参的coronal 舌面前音corpus data 语料库语料corpus (pl corpora) 语料素材corpus linguistics 语料库语言学context 上下文countable 可数（名词）counterfactual proposition反事实命题couplet 对句对联creativity 创造性原创性Creole 克里澳尔语混和语cross-cultural communication跨文化交际cross-linguistic 跨语言的culturally-specific 文化特异的curriculum 教学大纲customizing 定制的Ddactyl 扬抑抑格Dani language 达尼语data retrieval, DR 资料检索database 数据库dative (case) 与格dative movement 与格移动declarative 陈述句decoding 解码deductive 演绎的deep structure 深层结构defeasibility 消除可行性definite 有定的degenerate data 无用的语料deixis 指称delicacy 精密阶denotation 外延指称dental 齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation 衍生derivational affix 衍生词汇derivational morphology 派生形态学descriptive adequacy 描写充分性descriptive linguistics 描写语言学design feature 结构特征determiner 限定词developing grammar 发展语法deviant 变体deviation 偏离变异devoicing 清音化diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diachronic 历时的diacritic 附加符号变音符diagnostic test 诊断性测试dialect 方言dialectology 方言学digitized sound 数字化语音dimetre 二音步诗行diphthong 二合元音双元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech, DS 直接言语direct thought, DT 直接思想directionality 方向性discourse 语篇话语discourse analysis 语篇分析话语分析discourse interpretation 语篇理解discrete 分离的离散的discrete-point grammar 离散语法discrete point test 分立性测试disjunction 分离关系displacement 移位dissimilation 异化（作用）distinctive feature 区别性特征distinguisher 辩义成分do-insertion rule do 添加规则domain 范围领域dorsal 舌背音舌中音dorsum 舌背（音）double comparative 双重比较drill-and-practice software操练软件D-structure D结构dual 双数dualistic view 二分观点duality 二重性Eearly Modern English 早期现代英语economy 经济性简洁性ejective 爆发音electronic mail 电子邮件Elizabethan English 伊利莎白时期英语ellipsis 省略（法）elliptical sentencestructure 省略句子结构embedded element 嵌入成分emic 位学的emotive 感情的empirical 经验主义的empirical data 经验主义的语料empirical validity 经验效度empiricism 经验主义empty category, EC 空范畴enabling skills 使成技能化encoding 编码end rhyme 末端韵endocentric construction 内向结构entailment 蕴涵entry condition 入列条件epenthesis 插音增音equipollent opposition 均等对立equivalence 相等equivalence reliability 相等信度error analysis 错误分析EST 科技英语ethnicity identity 民族认同ethnography of communication 交际民族学etic 非位的素的event process 事件过程example-based machine translation 基于例句的机器翻译exchange error 交换错误exchange sequence 交际序列exchange structure 交际结构exhaustive 穷尽的彻底的existent 存在物existential 存在句existential process 存在过程existential quantifier 存在数量词exocentric 外向的exocentric construction 外向结构experiential 经验的experiential function 经验功能experimentalpsycholinguistics 实验心理语言学explanatory adequacy 解释充分性explicit grammar instruction,EGI 明显的语法教学法expression minimization 表达最底程度expressive 表达的extended standard theory, EST扩展标准理论extensive 引申的扩展的extent-condition format 程度条件格式external evaluation 外部评估external qualifier 外部修饰语extrinsic sources of error 外在的错误来源eye movement 眼部移动Fface validity 卷面效度facilitation 便利促进Fasoldfeasibility 可行性feature 特征feedback 反馈felicity condition 适宜性条件恰当条件feminine 阴性fiction 小说figurative language 比喻性语言象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段修辞格finite element 有定成分finite 有定的有限的finite state grammar 有限状态语法first-person narrator 第一人称叙述者Firthian phonology 弗斯音系学flap 闪音flexibility 灵活性变通性floppy disk 软盘focus 焦点中心folk etymology 俗词源学民间词源foregrounded features 突出特征foregrounding 突出前景话foreign language teaching 外语教学form 形式formal difference 形式差异formalization 形式化formation 形成formative 构形成分构词成分free form 自由形式free indirect speech, FIS 自由间接言语free indirect thought, FIT 自由间接思想free morpheme 自由语素free root morpheme 自由词根语素free variant 自由变体free verse 自由韵文French 法语frequency effect 频率效应fricative （摩）擦音friction 摩擦front 舌面前舌前的fully automatic high qualitytranslation, FAHQT 全自动高质量翻译function word 功能词function 功能functional grammar 功能语法functional linguistics 功能语言学functional sentenceperspective, FSP 功能句子观functions of language 语言功能fusion 溶合fuzzy 模糊的Ggender difference 性别差异general linguistics 普通语言学generalisation 概括generative grammar 生成语法generative semantics 生成语言学genitive 属格所有格genre 体裁语类German 德语given (information) 已给信息global task 整体任务glottal 喉音glottal stop 喉塞音goal 目标government theory 支配理论government 支配grammatical analysis 语法分析grammaticalfunction ; ;grammatical structure 语法结构gradable antonymy 分等级的反义关系gradual opposition 渐次对立grammatical category 语法范畴grammatical concept 语法概念grammatical description 语法描写grammatical form 语法形式grammatical marker 语法标记grammatical meaning 语法意义grammaticalorganization 语法组成grammatical pattern 语法类型grammatical process 语法过程grammatical rule 语法规则grammatical sentence pattern,GSP 语法句形grammatical structure 语法结构grammatical subject 语法主语grammatical system 语法系统grammatical word 语法词graphitic form 文字形式Gricean maxim Grice准则group 词组guttural 腭音Hhalf-rhyme 半韵hard palate 硬腭head 中心词中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter 七音步诗行hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy 等级体系high 高（元音）historical linguistics 历史语言学holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym 同音/形异议词Hopi Hopi语horizontal relation 链状关系Horn scale 霍恩阶human cognitive system 人类认知系统human language 人类语言human speech 人类言语human translation 人译hypercorrection 矫枉过正hyponym 下义词hyponymy 下义关系hypothesis 假设hypothesis-deduction 假设-演绎Iiamb 抑扬格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行IC analysis 直接成分分析法ICALL (intelligent CALL) 智能计算机辅助语言学习ideational (function) 概念功能identifying 认同的idiom 成语习语idiomatically-governed 习语支配的ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary act 话中行为施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用施为作用imaginative (function) 想象功能immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative rule 祈使规则imperative 祈使语气命令的implicate 意含implication 蕴涵含义implication connective 蕴涵连接implicature 含义言外之意implied meaning 蕴涵意义implosive 内破裂音内爆音inanimate 无生命的inclusiveness relation 内包意义indefinite 不定的，无定的indicative 陈述式陈述语气indirect object 间接宾语indirct speech, IS 间接言语indirect thought, IT 间接思想Indo-European languages 印欧语言inference 推论推理inference drawing 推论inferential communication 推论交际infinitive不定式infix 中缀inflection 屈折（变化）inflectional affix 屈折词缀inflectional morphology 屈折形态学inflective endings 屈折结尾information retrieval 信息检索information structure 信息结构informative (function) 信息功能innateness 先天性innateness hypothesis （语法）天赋假设input 输入input hypothesis 语言输入说instrumental (function) 工具功能integrative test 综合性测试intensifier 强调成分intensive 强调的增强的interactional (function) 交互功能interdental 齿间音interface 界面interference 干扰interjection 感叹词interlanguage 中介语interlingua 国际语interlingual approach 语际法interlocutor 会话者internal evaluation 内部评估internal structure 内部结构international phoneticalphabet, IPA 国际音标internet 互联网interpersonal 人际的interpersonal function 人际功能interpretation 解释interrogative sentence 疑问句intonation 语调intra-linguistic relation 语言内关系intransitive 不及物的intrinsic sources of error 错误的内源invariable word 不变词invention 新创词语inversion 倒置，倒装IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号irony 讽刺反话isolated opposition 孤立对立Italian 意大利语JJapanese 日语jargon 黑话行语Jesperson,OttoJohnson & JohnsonJohnsonJones,DanielKkernel sentence 核心句keyword关键词knowledge 知识known information 已知信息KrashenKruszewski, MikolajKuno, SusumoLlabel 标示标记labial 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language 语言language acquisition device, LAD 语言习得机制language attitude 语言态度language choice 语言选择language comprehension 语言理解language data 语言素材language learning 语言学习language maintenance 语言维护language processing 语言处理language structure 语言结构language system 语言系统language teaching 语言教学language universal 语言普遍性language use 语言使用langue 语言（系统）larynx 喉头lateral 边音旁流音Latin 拉丁语Latin grammar 拉丁语法lax vowel 松元音length 长度音长letter 字母level 层，级，平面Levinson, Stephenlexeme 词位词素lexical ambiguity 词汇歧义lexical change 词汇变化lexical level 词汇层lexical meaning 词汇意义lexical morphology 词汇形态学lexical studies 词汇研究lexical word 词汇词lexicogrammar 词汇语法lexicon 词汇词典lexis 词liaison 连音连续limerick 打油诗line 诗行linear phonology 线性音系学linear structure 线形结构linguistic university 语言普遍性linguistic behaviour 语言行为linguistic behaviourpotential 语言行为潜势linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic context 语言语境上下文linguistic data 语言素材linguistic description 语言描写linguistic determinism 语言决定论linguistic facts 语言事实linguistic relativity 语言相对性linguistic sexism 语言性别歧视linguistic structure 语言结构linguistic theory 语言理论linguistic unit 语言单位linguistic universal 语言普遍性linguistic variation 语言变异linguistics 语言学lip rounding 圆唇化literal language 本义语言literary stylistics 文学文体学loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词local area networks, LAN 局域网locutionary act 发话行为，表述性言语行为logical component 逻辑成分logical connective 逻辑连词logical form component 逻辑式成分logical form representation逻辑式表达logical formula 逻辑公式logical function 逻辑功能logical semantics 逻辑语义学logical structure 逻辑结构logical subject 逻辑主语logophoricity 词照应London School 伦敦学派long vowed 长元音loss of sound 语音脱落loudness 响度Mmachine translation 机器翻译macrolinguistics 宏观语言学macroproposition 宏观命题macrostructure 宏观结构main clause 主句Malinowski,Bronislawman-machine symbiosis 人机共生manner maxim 方式准则manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine 阳性matalinguistic 元语言学的material (process) 物质过程mathematical principles 数学原理maxim 准则maximal onset principle 最大节首辅音原则meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移meaning 意义mental (processs) 思维过程心理过程mentalism 心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis 换位（作用）metonymy 换喻转喻metre 韵律metrical patterning 韵律格式microcomputer 微机microprocessor 微处理器mid 中（元音）mind 思维minimal attachment theory 最少接触理论minimal pair 最小对立体minimalist programminimum free form 最小自由形式mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality 情态modern French 现代法语modification 修饰modifier 修饰语monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法mood 语气morph 形素词素形式morpheme 语素词素形素morpheme-exchange error 词素交错误morphemic shape 词素形状morphemic structure 词素结构morphemic transcription 词素标音morphological change 形态变化morphological rule 形态规则morphology 形态学morpho-phonemic component 形态音位成分morphophonemics 形态音位学morphophonology 形态音系学morpho-syntactical change 形态句法变化mother tongue 母语本族语motivation 动因动机move （移动）MT 机器翻译MT quality 机译质量multilateral opposition 多边对立multi-level phonology 多层次音系学multilingualism 多语制多语现象N narratee 被叙述者narrator 叙述者narrator’s representationof speech acts, NRSA 言语行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof speech, NRS 言语的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought acts, NRTA 思维行为的叙述者表达narrator’s representationof thought, NRT 思维的叙述者表达narrow transcription 窄式音标narrowing 狭窄化nasal 鼻音nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化Nash, Walternative speaker 操本族语者natural language 自然语言naturalistic data 自然语料near-adult grammar 近成人语法negation 否定否定结构negative 否定的negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neogrammarian 新语法学家network 网络network computer 网络计算机neutralizable opposition 可中立对立new information 新信息new stylistics 新文体学node 节nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative 主格non-authentic input 非真实语料的输入non-contrastive analysis 非对比性分析non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念notional-functional syllabus意念功能教学大纲noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词number system 数字系统number 数字Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞OCR scanner 光学字符阅读器扫描仪octametre 八音步诗行Old English 古英语one-place predicate 一位谓语on-line translation 在线翻译onomatopoeia 拟声词onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operational system 操作系统operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography 正字法ostensive communication 直示交际output 产出overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalatal 腭音舌面中音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization （硬）腭化paradigm 聚合体paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase 释义意译parole 言语part of speech 词类participant 参与者particle 小品词语助词particular grammar 特定语的语法partitive 部分的部分格passive transformation 被动转换passive (voice) 被动语态pattern drill technique 句型操练法pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak （节）峰perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performance test 语言运用测试performance 语言运用performative (verb) 行事性动词perlocutionary act 话后行为perseverative coarticulation重复性协同发音person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal 咽头音喉音pharynx 喉头phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈交感性谈话phone 音素音子phonematic unit 音声单位phoneme 音位phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音（法）phonetics 语音学phonological analysis 音位分析phonological component 音位部分phonological level 音系层phonological process 音位过程phonological representation 音位表达phonological rule 音位规则phonological structure 音位结构phonological system 音位系统phonological variant 音位变体phonology 音系学phrasal verb 短语动词phrase 短语phrase structure 短语结构phrase structure grammar 短语结构语法phrase structure rule, PSrule 短语结构规则pidgin 皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外语Pitch 音高声调高低place of articulation 发音部位play 剧本plosion 爆破plosive 爆破音爆发音plural 复数pluralism 多元主义plurality 复数形式poetic (function) 诗学功能poetry 诗歌polymorphemic (word) 多语素词polysyllabic 多音节（词）polysystemic analysis 多系统分析Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive 所有的属有的possible grammar 可能语言的语法postalveolar 后齿龈音post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics 后布龙菲尔德语言学postdeterminer 后限定词post-structuralist view 后结构主义观点pragmatic inference 语用推论pragmatic roles 语用角色pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate calculus 谓语演算predicate logic 谓语逻辑predicate 谓语predicator 谓语（动）词predictive validity 预测效度pre-editing 预先编辑译前加工prefix 前缀pre-modified input 预修正的输入premodifier 前修饰语preposition 介词prepositional calculus 介词演算prepositional logic 介词逻辑prepositional opposition 介词对立prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive 规定式presupposition 前提预设primary cardinal vowel 主要基本元音primary stress 主重音第一重音principle of informativeness信息性原则principle of least effort 最省力原则principle of quantity 数量原则privative opposition 表非对立表缺对立process 过程production error 产生性错误productivity 多产性proficiency test 水平测试pro-form 代词形式替代形式programming language 编程语言progressive 进行体progressive assimilation 顺同化projection rule 投射规则pronominal 代词pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典pronunciation 发音proportional opposition 部分对立proposition 命题prose style 散文风格prosodic analysis 节律分析超音质分析psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法psychological reality 心理现实psychological subject 心理主语psychology of language 语言心理学psychometric-structuralistapproach 心理测定-结构主义法pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话QQ-based implicature 基于质量的含义Q-principle 质量原则quality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quantity maxim 数量准则quatrain 四行诗Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义reader 读者reading comprehension 阅读理解realisation 体现recall 回忆received pronunciation, RP标准发音receiver 受话者信息接受者recency effect 近期效应recognition 识别recursion 可溯recursive 可溯的还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential meaning 所指意义referential theory 所指理论referential 所指的reflected meaning 反映意义reflexive (form) 反身形式regional dialect 地域方言register 语域regressive assimilation 逆同化regulatory (function) 控制性语言功能relation maxim 关系准则relational opposite 关系对立relational process 关系过程relative clause 关系分句关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复representational system 表达系统representational 表达实体residue 剩余成分restricted language 限制性语言retrieval process 检索过程retrieval system 检索系统retroflex sound 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨revised extended standard theory, REST 修正扩展标准理论rewriting rules 重写规则rheme 述位rhetorical skill 修辞技能rhyme 韵韵角压韵rhythm 韵律节奏Roman alphabet letter 罗马字母root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音R-principle 关联原则rule system 规则系统rule-based approaches 基于规则的方法rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit 梵文Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema 图式scheme-oriented language 面向图式的语言second language acquisition第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment 音段selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic association network语义关联网络semantic change 语义变化semantic component 语义部分semantic feature 特征semantic interpretation 语义解释semantic interpretativerules 语义解释规则semantic process 语义过程semantic representation 语义表达semantic sentence pattern,SSP 语义句型semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic system 符号系统semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense relation 意义关系sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant 咝擦音sign 符号signified 所指受指signifier 能指施指simile 明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数situational context 情景语境situational level 情景层situational syllabus 情景教学大纲situational variation 情景变异slot 空缺social role 社会角色social semiotic 社会符号学socio-cultural role 社会文化角色sociolinguistic study of language 语言的社会语言学研究sociolinguistic study ofsociety 社会的社会语言学研究sociolinguistics 社会语言学sociological approach 社会学方法soft palate 软腭solidarity 团结sonnet 十四行诗sonorant 响音sonority scale 响音阶sound 语音sound image 语音图像sound pattern 语音模式sound segment 音段sound system 语音系统sound wave 音波speaker’s meaning 说话者意义speech 言语speech act theory 言语行为理论speech community 言语社团speech comprehension 言语理解speech event 言语事件speech function 言语功能speech mode 言语方式speech organ 言语器官speech perception 言语感知speech presentation言语表达speech production ; 言语产生speech research言语研究speech role言语角色speech sound 语音speech synthesis 言语合成spelling 拼写,拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language translation口语翻译spondee 扬扬格spoonerism 首音互换斯本内现象spread 展元音S-structure 表层结构stability 稳定性stability reliability 稳定性效度Standard English 标准英语standard theory 标准理论standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stored knowledge 储存知识strategic knowledge 学习策略知识stratification 层stream of consciousness 意识流stress pattern 重音模式stress 重音structural analysis 结构分析structural (structuralist) grammar 结构语法structural syllabus 结构教学大纲structural test 结构测试structuralism 结构主义structuralist linguistics 结构主义语言学structuralist view 结构主义观点style 文体风格stylistic analysis 文体分析stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjective test 主观性测试subjectivity 主观性subjunctive mood 虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征surface form 表层形式surface representation 表层表达surface structure 表层结构syllabic structure 音节结构syllabification 音节划节syllable 音节syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus 教学大纲syllogism 三段论法symbol 符号synchronic (linguistics) 共时（语言学）synonym 同义词synonymous 同义的synonymy 同义现象syntactic component 句法部分syntactic features 句法特征syntactic function 句法功能syntactic marker 句法标记syntactic process 句法过程syntactic restriction 句法限制syntactic structure 句法结构syntactical change 变化syntagmatic relation 组合关系syntax 句法system network 系统网络system of signs 符号系统。
语言学专业英语词汇
英语专业八级语言学总结来源：谢萌Fighting的日志一、语言和语言学1、语言的区别性特征：Design of features of language任意性arbitrariness 指语言符号和它代表的意义没有天然的联系二重性duality 指语言由两层结构组成创造性creativity 指语言可以被创造移位性displacement 指语言可以代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、时间、观点2、语言的功能（不是很重要）信息功能informative人际功能interpersonal施为功能performative感情功能emotive function寒暄功能phatic communication娱乐功能recreational function元语言功能metalingual function3、语言学主要分支语音学phonetics 研究语音的产生、传播、接受过程，考查人类语言中的声音音位学phonology 研究语音和音节结构、分布和序列形态学morphology 研究词的内部结构和构词规则句法学syntax 研究句子结构，词、短语组合的规则语义学semantics 不仅关心字词作为词汇的意义，还有语言中词之上和之下的意义。
如语素和句子的意义语用学pragmatics 在语境中研究意义4、宏观语言学macrolingustics心理语言学psycholinguistics 社会语言学sociolinguistics 人类语言学anthropological li nguistics 计算机语言学computational linguistics5语言学中的重要区别规定式和描写式：规定式：prescriptive说明事情应该是怎么样的描写式：descriptive 说明事情本来是怎么样的共时研究和历时研究：共时：synchronic 研究某个特定时期语言历时：diachronic 研究语言发展规律语言和言语：语言：langue指语言系统的整体言语：parole指具体实际运用的语言语言能力和语言运用：乔姆斯基(chomsky提出)能力：competence用语言的人的语言知识储备运用：performance 真实的语言使用者在实际中的语言使用二、语音学1、语音学分支发音语音学articulatory phonetics研究语言的产生声学语言学acoustic phonetics 研究语音的物理属性听觉语音学auditory phonetics 研究语言怎样被感知2 IPA（国际音标）是由daniel Jones琼斯提出的三、音位学1、最小对立体minimal pairs2、音位phoneme3 音位变体allophones4 互补分布complementary distribution5 自由变体free variation6 区别特征distinctive features7 超音段特征suprasegmental feature音节syllable 重音stress 语调tone 声调intonation四形态学1 词的构成语素morpheme 自由语素free morpheme 粘着语素bound morphemeRoot 词根词缀affix 词干stem屈折词汇和派生词汇inflectional affix and derivational affix2特有的词汇变化lexical change proper新创词语invention 混拼词blending 缩写词abbreviation首字母缩写词acronym 逆构词汇back-formation例：editor—edit类推构词analogiacal creation 例：work-worked,,slay-slayed外来词borrowing五句法学1 范畴category 数number 性gender 格case 时tense 体aspect一致关系concord 支配关系govenrment2 结构主义学派the structure approach组合关系syntagmatic relation词和词组合在一起聚合关系paradigmatic 具有共同的语法作用的词聚在一起结构和成分construction and constituents :句子不仅是线性结构liner structure还是层级结构hierarchical structure (句子或短语被称为结构体，而构成句子或短语即结构体的称为成分)3直接成分分析法immediate constitutional analysis指把句子分成直接成分－短语，再把这些短语依次切分，得到下一集直接成分，这样层层切分，直到不能再分4向心结构和离心结构endocentric and exocentric constructions 向心：指一个结构中有中心词，例an old man ,中心为man离心：指结构中没有明显的中心词。
语言学专业词汇
AAcS (actor Subject), ReS (Receptor Subject) and DaS (dative vesubject) P85Active deposit 活性沉积P393adaptability制宜原则P39adjustment 调整P135AdjMr：Ajective Modifier 定语修饰语P19Affixing morpheme of fixed position 定位性附加语素P342Affixation 缀合法P29All encompassing 无所不包P ixAphasic 失语症患者P386ApoP 同位短语式P188Approximative system 近似体系P58arbitrariness任意性; selectiveness 选择性P181Aspect 体（tentative尝试体, inchoative开始体, successive继续体, perfect完成体, progressive 进行体）P114Autonomy 自主权P53Bbackshift后移P370/372bilingualism 双语学P522Blending 拼缀法P29Bottom-up perception自下而上的感知，top-down perception自上而下的感知P493CCart Fames1980 对比分析P xcirculativeness 周遍性P86categorization范畴化, grouping 归为类P487category word 范畴词P418/474/513cleft sentence 分裂句P230cognate equivalence同源对应P134/468，词根对应P478cognitive schema认知图示P386Cohesion 粘着性P62Cohesion and coherence接应与连贯P74Cohesive tie 联结关系接应词，additive 增补连接词，adversative 对比连接词，causal conjunction因果连接词，temporal conjunction 时间连接词P436Combination (虚词功能)组合P452Total combination完全结合，formal combination形式结合P464Common value （语言）共同价值；special value 特征价值P47Complement 补语P126Composition 合成法P29Compactness of meaningful morpheme有义语素结合紧密度P299Compressed predicate 紧缩式谓语P120Compound （汉语）合成词P443Conversion 转化法P29Constant 常数（ie. tertium comparationis中间比较项）；variable变数；tertium 中间项P50Context-sensitive rule 受上下文制约的规则P362Convertness and overtness 隐含性与外显性P61Copula 系词；copulative object 判断宾语；quasi-copulas 准判断动词P217Coverb 前置动词（能愿、意向、规劝动词）和后置动词的统称；operator基本助动词/功能词P114DDative case与事格P159defiguration还原法, figuration 形象描写P472Description and Prescription 描写与规定P41descriptive approach描写态度P39determinative premodifier 限制性前置定语，descriptive premodifier 描绘性前置定语，classifying premodifier 分类性前置定语P298Diachronic and synchronic/ diachronism and synchronism 历时与共时P2Diachronic experience and synchronic performance 历时经验和共时运用P314Dichotomic 二分性，可切分为二P167Differentiating ability 分辨力P361Diffuse 扩散型；compact聚集型P235Directness 直接性，indirectness间接性，explic itness鲜明性, specificness重实，non-specificness反虚P417Disintegration 解体P28dismantle拆除P28Disorganization 瓦解P28Disposal form动词处置式(把字句) P213; pre-transitive V erb 前及物动词(赵元任：把字句)P233 Diversiform 多样性P85Divide 长句切分；contract 长句紧缩P208Doer and receptor 行为者与承受者P89Doublet/ word pair谐音叠词P426EEnd-focus 短语后焦点；front-focus 弱化前焦点P175End-weight词尾重心P229Epicene通性名词P82Equivalence 对应P58evolution演进P28Explanation 解释; Interpretation 阐释P41Explication 演绎法P469Expletive 先行词P74Expletive subject 形式主语P92FFamily resemblances 维根斯坦：家族相似；Dissimililarilies 非相似性PvFinite verb 定式动词；non-finite verb 非定式动词P236Formal or inflexional linkage 形式或形态对接P26Formal indication 形式的标定P62-3Frame of word词语联立关系P466Functional compensation 功能互补P154Functional expansion 功能扩大化P191Functional redress, functional compensation 功能代偿法P33Function test 话题性的测试P90Functional word (form word, structural word) 结构词（英语），empty word虚词（汉语）, P449 closed classes 封闭性词类，P449determiner 限定词，auxiliary助动词，pronoun代词，P449，preposition介词，qualifier 修饰词，coordinator 并列连接词，subordinator 从属连接词，interrogative 疑问词，negative 否定词P450full word 实词（汉语）P450GGiven-new contract已知-新知信息默契P372HHead word 中心词P296Heterology 异质性/特殊素质P95/202HW：head word中心词P19Hypotaxis and parataxis 形合与意合P75IIcon 图像性，iconization图像化, indexization索引化P455identity等同（是字句功能）P219Ideographicand semipronouncing 单体形意音文字P viIdeational pvotal, idea-centered 意念主轴；formal-pivotal, formal-centered 形式主轴P18idea-centered structure意念主轴结构；formal-centered structure形式主轴结构P18idiom 成语/习语；a single unit一个单位P166image code 象码；Souund code音码P68immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法P232impersonal subject非人称主语P498implication 暗示法P22Inbreak of the modernity 葛兆光：现代性入侵P ivIndicator 指示器P47indispensability不可或缺性P47infiltration 渗透性，intrinsicness固有性，peculiarity特性P476Inflectional devices 无形态程式P viiiInflexional formation 形态构性P453Inflexional system 形态体系P52Inflexionalization 形态化P154Inner speech 内部言语，speech 外部言语P387Intentional word意向词语P163intensifier加强词P378Interlingua 中介语P58Interlingual comparability 语际可比性P51Interpretation 解释法P22Intraflexion 内部屈折P396Introducer 引导性结构P302JJohn Stuart Mill 1806-1873 功利追求P xJuxtaposing 联合短语式P183KKernel (句法结构) 核心P84Kinship 与原亲属关系P468Llanguage game 语言游戏P39Latin Grammar马建忠：泰西格朗玛PvLexicalization 词汇化P312，inflexion 形态化P368Linearization对接；formation成型；aggregation聚集P69Linguistic determinism语言决定论，language relativity语言相对论P525LocWP 方位短语式P187LR (linear reverse???) 顺序线性P62；RL (reversed linear) 逆线性P69MMapping 映射P68/371/492Masculine 阳性P397Matching 配对P52Maximized implicitness 最大化隐含；information focus信息焦点P191mean中数；overlap语义场界重叠；outlap非重叠P183means of generalization实义虚化手段，affixational means词缀虚化手段P446，inflexional means 形态虚化手段P447, specified 实化P449Misplacement and breach 错位和缺位P ixMissing link 缺环P518MnS(Means Subject) 方式主语P102Mode of expression表现法，relativity相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性P391 Moderate adaptation 适度的适应，adaptationby通过adjustment调整来适应P429Mood 语气，indicative mood直陈式, imperative mood祈使式, subjunctive mood虚拟式, Intrinsic and extrinsic 内在和外在语言结构机制，factualsupposition事实假设, counterfactual supposition 反事实假设deficit 欠缺的观点P369morpheme for morpheme义素对义素P468Mr-Md (modifier-modified) 修饰语前置式,偏正词组；Md-Mr (modified-modifier)；hyphenated adjectives 连字符连接的多词形容词P167MrS（Modifier Subject）修饰语主语P102Mutual compensatory 互为补充代偿P308NN.Machiavelli 1459-1527 马基尔维利，15世纪‘欧洲最著名政论、史论家之一P iv Nominal 名词性P91Nominal phrase名词性短语P188Nominative 主格，genitive 所有格，dative 与格，accusative 宾格P396Non-SP sentence非主谓句P203nucleus（语音）调核P304OOnomatopoeia 象声，拟声P5Open beginning 句首开放性；contracting ending/closed ending 句尾收缩性P205Operating and orientating mechanism 支配与定势作用P487Operator 功能词P118Ordering 序列P70Orientation 导向P391Outwardness 外象（包括：表象、形象、现象、物象）P26PPattern （形态体系的）结构形式P396pair成对词P184Paradox 悖理P182PC of extend/ degree表程度的述补结构P131PC of movement 表行为态势活动向的述补结构：direction趋向；progress继续；completion 完成P128PC of possibility表可能的述补结构P128PC of result表结果的述补结构P129PC of state表状态的述补结构P130Pejoration 贬义化Perceptive language 感性语言P xPeriodic sentence 掉尾句P310Phonograph 表音文字P418Phonetic morpheme 语义语素，form morpheme 构形语素，reduplication morpheme复叠语素，full morpheme 完全语素P460/461Phrasal verb and particle 短语动词与小品词/介副词P？？/154pictograph/ hieroglyph 象形文字P2pivot/axle主轴P236PlS (Place Subject) P86Polar contrast 正反两面合二为一的复合词P473Polarization 两极化P87Pragmatic motivation语用理据P175Pragmatic presupposition 语用预设P164Predicate-complete construction述补结构P128predication谓词性；sub-predication次谓词性P189Predicative phrase 谓词性短语P188PrepOP 介词短语式P187Pre-position coverb 前置助动词P377Principle of cause and result sequence 因果律P299Principle of compactness of meaningful morpheme 语素结合紧密度律P299Principle of exterior-interior sequence 表里律P296Principle of spatial sequence 范围律P294Principle of subject-object sequence 主客律P295Principle of temporal sequence 时序律P291Principles of SV concord 主谓一致原则: Grammatical principle 语法原则, Logical principle逻辑原则, Principle of Proximity 靠近原则, Principle of Idiomaticness 惯用法原则P115 Presupposed statement and concluding statement, PS and CS 前述与结述P57/309QQrQd (qualifier-qualified) 附加式P202QunWP 量词短语式P188Rrecipiency受事性；recipiency 施授关系；affection 受到影响的关系P158Redress/ compensation （语法功能的）代偿法P22Reduplication（构词法）重叠法，adjunction附加法，affixation加缀法，compound 合成法P444-445Refinement 提炼；Gradation 提升P41Relative comparability 相对可比性P51Reflective 反映式的，折射式的P456equivalence对应式(correspondence契合式)，inclusion涵盖式P457，intersection 交叉式P458，substitution替代式，conflict 冲突式(exclusion 语义相悖) P459 kinship term P457，borrowing借用P459reflection 反映P496relativity 相关性，instrumentality实用性，generality通用性，familiarization通晓性P392 Repetition 重叠手段，anaphora句首反复，epiphora句尾反复P427Reversed Linear Expansion逆线性延伸；Natural Linear Expansion顺线性延伸P205 reversibility 可反逆性P174/276reversion 对接的反转P464reversing and synchronizing 顺译与反逆翻译P105R.Philippson 2002: 英语帝国主义PvRunning sentence 流水句P235SSA V P62Selective and critica 选择性和批判性P xSemantic combination 语义结合，grammatical combination 语法结合P441Semantic relevance 语义关涉性P181Semantic structuring 语义结构过程，form structuring 形式结构过程P387Sense morpheme义素，meaningful morpheme有义语素，free morpheme自由语素，boundmorpheme黏着语素P441Sentence starter句首起词P110/503Sequence 顺序，inverse/reverse 抵触逆序，mixed order混合序P409Shift 转换P100Shortening 缩略法P29Sign language手语P386Signifying 意指; analogizing类比P47Situationally defined语境化P479Space between words词间距P80Staccato 断续P421Stratification 层次结构P232Stress domain 重音范域P75Stressed position 强调位P279Structural analogy 结构类比P81Structural inversion 结构性倒装functional inversion 功能性倒装stylistic inversion文体性倒装P277Structural order-shift 结构性位移P279Structural word 结构性词语，substantial word 实质性词语，presupposed information 预知性信息，replenished information 补足性信息，base挤出前述，climax递进叙述P305 StrWP 助词短语式P188SV concord/agreement 主谓一致P88/115SV Device主语-谓动机制P88SVOC P61subcategorization（语义特征）次范畴化（转换生成语法）P368Substitution替代法P22Sub-subject次主语P95Supplement 补充P106Syntagmatic device组合手段P404Syntagmatic ordering of element 组合型序列P275Syntagmatic pivot 形态组合主轴P237；paradigmatic pivot 意念聚合主轴P239TTautology 重复, sysmetry对仗P424TDC Expansion (topic-development-coda expansion) 命题-发展-结语语段扩展P257 Temporal sequence时序律P121Temps opératif (G. Guillaume)活动时间, system de representation 反应系统，system d’expression 观念P387Tense 语法的“时”，time自然概念的“时间”P340, tense particle 时态助词P342Tensity 紧张感，importunity 短促感，monotonounsness单调感P424Text 语段；logical expansion 逻辑扩展式；basic level 基础层级；logical level逻辑层级P234 Thematic 主位性P284/ 句首主题P315Thematization主题化，thematic fronting 宾语主题前置，topicality 话题性P316The relative 关系语P86TmS（time subject）P85Topic, theme, 话题（主语句）comment, rheme 述题P37-38Topic subject 话题主语P92transfer 迁移P522Transferability 可转换性P386Transformation 转型P28 转换式P214TR device 话题-述题机制P88typological 类型学体系P60VV alence/valency价（可以带什么宾语）P152/154V ertical 历时比较；horizontal共时比较P49Visual differentiation 视觉分辨率P404Visual recognizibility 视觉可辨性P449V ocalicending元音字尾P425voice in covertness 隐性语态P313, inflictive voice 不幸语态P318 volitional future 强于是将来时（表意志等）P453WWalter Benjamin; historical duress, geschichtlich Zwang: 历史的裹挟P xiZZero 零位P87ZeS-VP 零位主语结构P106。
英语语言学知识点
英语语言学知识点英语语言学是英语语言文学专业培养计划中的一门基础必修课，接下来店铺为你整理了英语语言学知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语语言学知识点：定义1.语言学LinguisticsLinguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.普通语言学General LinguisticsThe study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.3.语言languageLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design FeaturesIt refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
Arbitrariness任意性Productivity多产性Duality双重性Displacement移位性Cultural transmission文化传递⑴arbitrarinessThere is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited sourceof expressions⑵ProductivityAnimals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send.⑶DualityLanguage is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels.⑷DisplacementLanguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.⑸Cultural transmissionHuman capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species.5.语言能力CompetenceCo mpetence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.6.语言运用performancePerformance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。
语言学词汇分类汇总
语言学词汇分类汇总语言学词汇分类汇总（按字母顺序排列）abbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acousticphonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词addressterm称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻adjacencycondition紧邻条件adjacencyparameter紧邻参数affix词缀affixation加词缀法affricate塞擦音afro-asiatic非亚语系agreementrule一致关系规则allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angulargyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym夏斯利词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者appliedlinguistics应用领域语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatoryphonetics发音语音学articulatoryvariable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditoryphonetics听觉语音学austronesian…语系babbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法backvowel后元音behaviorism行为主义behavioristlearningtheory行为主义自学理论behavioristpsychology行为主义心理学bilabial双唇音bilingualism双语现象blackenglish黑人英语blending混合法borrowing借予boundmorpheme黏着语素brainlateralization大脑左右半球侧化branchingnode锯齿点broadtranscription宽式音标broca’sarea布罗卡区caretakerspeech保姆语case格casecondition格条件casemarking格标志causativeverb使役动词centralvowel中元音cerebralcortex大脑皮层cerebralplasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classicallanguage古典语言clipping略读法closedclassword封闭类词code代码code-switching代码转换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词colorword色彩词concept概念conceptualistview意念观consonant辅音constituent成分constituentstructure成分结构constraint制约construction结构contentword实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论contrastiveanalysis对比分析法conversationalimplicature会话含义co-operativeprinciple合作原则coordinatesentence并列句creativity创造性criticalperiod关键期;临界期culturaltransmission文化传播declaration宣告类deepstructure深层结构dental齿音derivation衍生法derivationalmorpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptivelinguistics描绘语言学designfeature辨识特征determiner限定词diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectalsynonym方言同义词dichoticlisteningtest两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音directionaliltyparameter方位参数directives指令类displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctivefeature区别性特征d-structure深层结构dualityofstructur结构二重性edoublearticulation结构二重性embeddedclause子句emotivemeaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis填入音erroranalysis错误分析法euphemism直截了当语evaluativemeaning评价意义expressives表达类factivepredicate叙述性谓词familytree谱系树featuresymbol特征标记featuresofmeaning意义特征finiteclause定式字句finiteverb定式动词formalize公理化fossilization语言理性化framework框架freemorpheme民主自由语素fricative擦音frontvowel前元音functionword虚词functionalshift功能性转换functorelement起功能作用成分gender性generativegrammar分解成语法generativesemantics分解成语义学geneticpredispotion基因先天条件geneticrelationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal 喉音glottis声门graddablopposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammaticalmeaning语法意义greatvowelshift元音小变位hardpalate硬腭head核心词hemisphericdominancelanguage大脑半球的语言优势hierarchicalstructure层次结构highvariety高层次变体historicallinguistics历史语言学holophrasticsentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionaryact言外形为inconsistency自相矛盾indo-european印欧语系infinitivemarker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectionalmorpheme坎坷语素input输出instrumentalmotivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrativemotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage语际语internalize内在化internationalphoneticalphabet国际音标labeled(unlabeled)treediagram加标记树形图labial唇音lad语言习得机制languageacquisition语言习得languagebehavior语言犯罪行为languagecenter语言中枢languagefaculty语言机制languagefamily语系languageperception语言认知languageplanning语言规划languagevariation语言变异larynx喉laxvowel松元音level层；平面leveloflanguage语言层次lexicalcategory词类lexicalstructure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇mannerofarticulation发音方法matrixclause主句maximofmanner方式准则maximofquality质量准则maximofquantity数量准则maximofrelation关联准则meaning 意义meaningfulness有意义meaningrelation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistictheory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位middleenglish中世纪英语minimalpair最小对立对modernenglish现代英语monophthong单元音morpheme词素morphlogicalrule形态学规则morphology形态学mothertongue母语moveα移动α规则movementrule移位规则namingtheory命名论narrowtranscription严式音标narrowingofmeaning词义缩小nasalcavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化naturalrouteofdevelopment自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-placepredication空位述谓结构object宾语oldenglish古英语one-placepredication一位述谓结构optimumage最佳自学年龄oralcavity口腔overextension拓展过度overgeneralization归纳过度overtthought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performanceerror语言运用错误perlocutionaryact言后行为pharyngealcavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemiccontrast音位矛盾phoneticfeature语音特征phonetics语音学phonologicalrule音位规则phonology音位学phrasalcategory词组类phrasestructurerule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语placeofarticulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predicationanalysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive(grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositionalcontent命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifyingpredication润色性述谓结构receivedpronunciation标准发音recursiveness循环性reference所指语义referringexpression所指名词register语域relationalopposites关系反义词representation抒发；呈现出representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewriterule重写规则roundedvowel圆唇元音sae标准美国英语sapir-whorfhypothesis…假设secondlanguageacquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semanticanomaly语义异体semanticdeviation语义变异semanticbroadening语义广义化semanticnarrowing语义狭义化semanticshift语义演变semantics语义学semanticstructure语义结构semantictriangle语义三角sense意义sequentialrule序列规则setting背景；环境sexistlanguage性别歧视语sibilant咝音simplesentence简单句sino-tibetan汉藏语系situationaldialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学softpalate软腭species-specificcapacity物种特有能力structuralconstituency结构成分性structurallinguistics结构主义语言subject主语subordinatepredication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocalpredication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmentalfeature逊于切割特征surfacestructure表层结构synchroniclinguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntacticambiguity句法歧义syntacticcategory句法类型syntacticrule句法规则syntax句法tabooword禁忌词targetlanguage目标语tautology同义反复teethridge齿龈隆骨telegraphicspeech电报式言语tenseandaspect时和体tensevowel紧元音tone音调；声调tonelanguage声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移transformational-generativegrammar切换分解成语法transformationalrule转换规则treediagram树形图two-placepredication双位述谓结构unaspirated不声母underextension拓展严重不足universalgrammar广泛语法utterance话语utterancemeaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocalcord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不拎音的，清音的voicing拎音化，浊音化vowel元音wernicke’sarea韦尼克区wideningofmeaning词义扩大x-bartheoryx标杆理论。
英语语言学词汇汇总
英语语言学词汇汇总下面是一些英语语言学常用的词汇：1. Phonetics: 语音学2. Phonology: 音位学3. Morphology: 形态学4. Syntax: 句法学5. Semantics: 语义学6. Pragmatics: 语用学7. Lexicon: 词典8. Phoneme: 音位9. Allophone: 变体音位10. Morpheme: 形态素11. Inflection: 屈折变化12. Derivation: 派生13. Sentence: 句子14. Phrase: 短语15. Noun: 名词16. Verb: 动词17. Adjective: 形容词18. Adverb: 副词19. Pronoun: 代词20. Preposition: 介词21. Conjunction: 连词22. Interjection: 感叹词23. Tense: 时态24. Aspect: 体25. Agreement: 一致26. Case: 格27. Subject: 主语28. Object: 宾语29. Modifier: 修饰成分30. Agent: 施事31. Theme: 主题32. Topic: 谈论的主题33. Discourse: 语篇34. Sentential ambiguity: 句子歧义35. Homonym: 同音异义词36. Synonym: 同义词37. Antonym: 反义词38. Hypernym: 上义词39. Hyponym: 下义词40. Polysemy: 一词多义41. Collocation: 词语搭配42. Idiom: 成语43. Metaphor: 隐喻44. Metonymy: 转喻45. Discourse analysis: 语篇分析46. Sociolinguistics: 社会语言学47. Psycholinguistics: 心理语言学48. Historical linguistics: 历史语言学49. Contrastive linguistics: 对比语言学。
语言学常用术语英汉对照表
语言学常用术语英汉对照表Ｃhapter 1 Inｔｒodｕｃtion to Lingｕistics语言学简介1、anthropoｌogical lingｕistics 人类语言学2、applied linguisｔics应用语言学3、arbitｒａrｉness任意性4、petence 语言能力５、putational ｌinguisｔics计算机语言学６、cultural tｒａnｓmｉssion 文化传递性7、dｅscrｉpｔivｅ(grammar) 描写(语法)８、dｅsｃriptive fｕｎctｉon描写功能9、deｓiｇn feａtuｒes识别特征１0、diａｃhronic linguistｉcs历时语言学11、dｕａlｉty二重性12、dｉｓplacｅment不受时空限制得特征13、emotive fuｎｃtiｏn表情功能１４、exｐrｅｓsivｅfuncｔioｎ表达功能1５、geneｒal linguisｉｔcs 普通语言学16、ｉdｅaｔioｎａl funｃtion概念功能1７、iｎtｅrｐｅｒｓoｎａl funｃtiｏn人际功能18、lanｇuｅ语言１9、ｌinguistiｃs [lｉŋ'gwｉstｉks] 语言学２0、morphｏlｏgy 形态学２１、mａthemａtical lingｕistｉcs 数理语言学22、ｍetaliｎguistｉc fuｎcｔion23、neｕrologｉcaｌliｎｇｕｉsｔics 神经语言学24、ｐhonetｉcｓ语音学25、pｈonolｏgy 音系学2６、pragmaｔics 语用学2７、prｅscriptiｖｅ(grａmｍａｒ）规定(语法)2８、ｐsychｏlｉnguｉsｔicｓ心理语言学２9、paｒole言语3０、ｐerformance语言运用31、pｒodｕctivｉty能产性32、pｏetic funｃtioｎ诗学功能3３、phatic mｕniｏn 交感性谈话34、reｆerentｉal fｕncｔion所指功能35、semanｔiｃs语义学3６、ｓｏciａl functiｏｎ社会功能37、socio-ｌiｎguistics 社会语言学３８、synchｒoniｃlingｕistiｃs共时语言学39、syntax句法学40、textｕal funcｔiｏn语篇功能41、Tｒaｄiｔional Gｒamｍar传统语法Chapｔer 2 Phoｎｏlｏｇy 音系学1、ａcouｓtｉcｐhonｅtics声学语音学2、ａrticｕlatｏｒy pｈonetｉｃs发音语音学３、affricate破擦音4、aｌlｏpｈonｅ音位变体5、aｌveolａr齿龈音6、aｕditoｒy pｈonetｉｃs听觉语音学7、ａsｐｉｒaｔiｏn送气８、assｉmｉlatioｎrules同化现象9、bａck vowel后元音１0、ｂilabｉal双唇音1１、broad tranｓcriptiｏn宽式音标１2、central voweｌ中元音13、clｏse vowel闭元音14、ｐlemeｎtaｒｙdｉstriｂｕtioｎ互补分布15、ｄｅlｅtｉon rｕles省略规则16、deｎtaｌ齿音17、diｐhthｏnｇ双元音１8、friｃative摩擦音1９、ｆront vowｅl前元音２0、gliｄe滑音21、glｏｔtal声门音22、hard palate硬腭２３、InteｒnａtionａlＰhonetｉcs Ａｌpｈabｅt国际音标24、intoｎation语调２5、labｉｏdenｔaｌ唇齿音26、liquid流音２7、mａnner oｆartｉｃｕｌａｔｉon发音方式28、ｍinｉmal pａir 最小对立体2９、mｉｎｉmaｌseｔ最小对立组３0、mｏnｏpｈtｈong单元音３1、narｒow trａnscription严式音标32、nasaｌ鼻音3３、nａsaｌcaｖity鼻腔3４、open ｖｏｗｅl开元音35、oral caｖｉty口腔３6、ｐalatal硬腭37、ｐｈａryngeaｌcａvity咽腔3８、plaｃe of artｉcｕlatiｏｎ发音部位39、phoｎｅ因素4０、phｏnｅｍe音素41、phｏnemic ｃoｎtｒast音位对立42、rounded vowel元唇元音43、seｍi－ｃlose vowel半闭元音4４、semi－ｏpenｖoｗel半开元音45、ｓｅquｅｎtial ｒuｌes序列规则４６、segment切分成分4７、ｓegmenｔation切分４8、soft paｌate软腭49、stop塞音50、stｒesｓ重音51、suprasegｍentａｌfeaｔuｒes超切分特征5２、teeth riｄgｅ齿龈5３、ｔoｎe声调5４、unrounｄed ｖoｗeｌ非圆唇元音５5、uｖuｌa小舌56、veｌaｒ软腭音５7、vｅｌｕｍ软腭58、ｖoicｉnｇ浊音化Ｃhａpter 3 Ｍoｒpｈology 形态学１、affiｘ词缀2、allomorpｈ语素变体3、ｂasｅ词基4、bound morphｅmｅ黏着语素5、ｌexｉcｏｎ词汇6、closed clａｓsｗoｒｄs封闭词类7、pound ｗords 合成词８、derivａtion派生;派生过程9、ｄerivationａl morphｅm派生语素１０、free moｒpｈeｍe自由语素11、inｆlectiｏnalｍorphemｅ屈折语素12、infinitｉｖe markｅr不定式标记１３、morph形素14、moｒpｈoｌｏgical rｕｌes形态规则15、open clasｓwｏrdｓ开放词类1６、root词根１7、sｔeｍ词干Chapter 4Synｔax 句法学１、ａuｘiliary助动词2、caｔegory范畴3、plement补足语;补充成分4、pｌｅment clause补足分句5、ｃｏordｉnaｔioｎruｌe并列规则6、cｏordinａｔe struｃtｕre并列结构7、deep stｒuctｕre深层结构8、deterｍiｎer限定词９、head中心词1０、head movemｅnt中心词移位11、insertion插入１2、inverｓｉon倒装1３、ｍajoｒlexiｃal categｏries主要词汇范畴14、matrｉx clａuse主句15、minor lｅxiｃａl categories次要词汇范畴16、phrase stｒuｃturｅ短语结构1７、mｏｄifier修饰成分18、ｑｕalifier后置修饰成分19、ｓpecifiｅr标志语20、sｕbcategoｒizａtion次范畴化21、surfaｃe struｃture表层结构２2、sｙnｔactic category句法范畴２３、trace语迹2４、trａnｓfoｒｍation转换Chapｔeｒ５Seｍａnｔiｃｓ语义学1、antonｙmy反义现象2、ａrgumenｔ谓元；变元3、behａｖiorism行为主义4、co－hypoｎym并列下义词5、colloｃationaｌｓynｏｎym搭配同义词6、ｐlｅmenｔａrｙaｎtoｎyｍ互补反义词7、ｐletｅhｏmｏnｙm完全同形异义词8、pｏｎentiａl analyｓｉs成分分析9、coｎceptualist ｖｉew概念论１０、ｃonｔexｔuａlism语境主义11、ｃontradiｔioｎ自相矛盾得说法1２、ｄｉalectal syｎｏｎym方言同义词1３、emoｔｉｖe ｍｅaｎing情感意义１4、entailｍeｎt蕴含15、eｖａluatｉve mｅaninｇ评价意义1６、graｄable antonym层级反义词１７、homogrａph同形异义词１8、ｈoｍonyｍy同音同形异义关系19、homophonｅ同音异义词20、ｈｙpｏnｙm下义词21、hｙｐonymｙ下义关系22、inｃoｎsｉsteｎcy自相矛盾２3、ｐolｙｓemy多义关系２４、polysymous word多义词25、ｐresuｐｐｏsitｉoｎ预设26、predicatｉｏn anａlysis述谓分析27、predicａtｅ谓词28、nａminｇtheｏry命名论２9、nｏ－plａce preｄicaitoｎ空位述谓解耦股３０、one－ｐlacｅprediｃａtiｏn一位述谓结构31、referencｅ（所指）语义32、referｅnt所指物;所指对象3３、ｒｅlａtiｏｎal opｐosｉｔe关系反义词34、semantic trｉanｇle语义三角35、sense意义３６、sｔyｌｉstic syｎonym语体同义词37、suｐｅｒorｄｉnatｅ上坐标词3８、sｙmboｌ符号3９、ｓynonyｍ同义词40、synonymy同义关系4１、ｔwo-plaｃe prｅdiｃaiton二位述谓结构42、tｈree-plａｃe predｉｃaｔion三位述谓结构Chaｐteｒ6 Prａgmａtics语用学１、mｉｓｓives承诺类２、CｏｏpｅrativeＰrinciple合作原则3、cｏnstatives述事话语４、conｔexｔ语境5、cｏnventioｎａl impｌicaturｅ规约含义６、ｄecｌaｒationｓ宣告类７、direｃｔives指令类8、ｅxpressｉves表情类9、ｉllocｕtｉoｎarｙacｔ言外功能10、illｏcｕｔiｏnary ｐoiｎt言外之得1１、impｌicature蕴含；含义;会话含义；言外之意１２、inｄirecｔsｐeech ａｃt间接言语行为１３、ｌocuｔioｎary act言内行为1４、maxiｍofｒｅlation关系准则1５、mａｘimｏf manner方式准则16、mａxim of quality质准则１7、maｘiｍoｆquantity量准则18、particｕlariｚed cｏｎveｒｓａtiｏｎal ｉmpｌicatuｒe特殊会话含义１9、pｅｒfomatives行事话语20、perｌｏcutiｏnarｙact言后行为21、ｐreｓupｐoｓｉｔiｏｎ前提2２、prｉmaｒｙspeecｈact 主要言语行为23、represenｔatiｖes表述类24、secondary speecｈacｔ次要言语行为25、sentｅnｃe ｍeａniｎg句子意义26、ｓpeｅcｈacｔtheorｙ言语行为理论27、ｕｔterance meanｉng话语意义Chaｐｔｅr 7 LangｕaｇｅChaｎｇe语言变化1、acronｙｍｓ词首字母缩略词2、back-formatiｏn 逆成法3、bleｎdｉng混成法4、borrowｉｎg借词5、cｌipped ｗoｒｄs截略词6、coiｎagｅ创新词7、functionaｌshift功能性变化8、histoｒical ｌinguistics历史语言学９、MｉdｄleＥnｇｌisｈ中世纪英语10、Modern English现代英语1１、mｏrpｈologiｃalｃhange形态变化１２、neｇation rule否定规则13、Ｏｌd Eｎglｉｓh古英语１4、pｈonｏlｏｇical ｃｈaｎｇｅ音位变化15、seｍantic cｈange语义变化16、semａntｉｃshift语义转移17、syntａcｔｉc cｈａngｅ句法变化Cｈapter 8 Languageａｎd socieｔy语言与社会1、bilｉngｕaliｓm双语制2、Bｌack Englｉsｈ黑人英语3、creolｅ克里奥尔语４、diｇloｓsia双语；双言制５、eｔhnｉc dｉalect种族变体６、fｉｅld of ｄｉｓcouｒｓe语场7、gｅndｅr性别8、ｉｄioleｃt个人变体９、mode oｆdｉscourse语式10、mulｔilinguａｌism多语制11、pidｇiｎ洋泾浜语12、rｅgiｏｎaｌｄiａｌect地域方言13、rｅgｉsｔer语域14、sociｏlｅｃt社会变体15、speecｈmunｉtｙ言语社团１６、sｐeｅch vaｒiety言语变体17、ｔeｎor of disｃoｕｒｓe语旨Chａpter ９Laｎｇuage ａnｄcultｕre语言与社会1、ａccｕｌturａtion 同化过程2、amａｌgamation混合3、ａssimｉｌatioｎ同化(现象);同化(作用)4、connoｔａtivｅｍｅaｎing内涵意义５、colｏur words颜色词6、culturaｌoverｌａｐ文化重叠7、culturaｌｉmｐerｉalisｍ文化帝国主义８、denotaｔiｖe meanｉnｇ外延意义9、ｌingｕｉsｔｉc ｒelatiｖity语言相对性１0、ｍeｔａｐhor隐喻1１、Sａｐir-Ｗhorf Hypoｔhesis萨丕尔——沃尔夫假说12、ｓocｉalizatｉｏn社会化13、ｔabｏo禁忌语1４、inｔeｒｃulｔural municaｔioｎ跨文化交际15、linguisｔiｃｉmpｅrialiｓm语言学中得帝国主义16、ｌiｎguｉstｉcｎaｔionaliｓm语言学中得民族主义Chapter 10 Ｌangｕａge aｃquisiｔｉoｎ语言习得1、ａphasｉa失语症2、ｂeｈａviｏrｉst 行为主义者3、caretaｋer ｔalk保姆式语言4、cogniｔivｅｌiｎｇuｉsticｓ认知语言学５、ｃoｎｔeｎt worｄ实词6、Critical ＰｅrioｄＨypotｈｅsis临界期假说7、ｄｙｓｇrａphia书写困难８、dyslexｉa失读症9、ｆeｅdback反馈１０、fuｎｃtion eleｍent起功能作用成分1１、ｈｅaring impaｉｒment听力受损1２、innaｔist语法天生主义者１3、iｎterａctiｏnist互动主义者1４、LanguａgｅＡcquｉsｉｔiｏn Ｄｅviｃe语言习得机制15、lexicaｌcontrasｔ词汇对比16、mentａl retａrdation智障1７、mothｅreｓe保姆式语言18、over－extｅnsiｏn过度扩展19、ｐｒototｙpe theorｙ原型理论2０、recast修正性重复２1、stｕtterｉng口吃22、ｔeleｇｒaphｉc speecｈ电报式言语23、under-extensｉon扩展不足2４、Uｎｉｖeｒｓａl Grammar普遍语法Ｃhapter 1１Ｓecond ｌanguagｅacquiｓitｉon第二语言习得１、affｅct/ｓocial ｓtratｅgieｓ社会策略2、ａgｅｏｆacqｕiｓｉtion习得年龄3、cognｉｔivｅstｒaｔegｉｅs认知策略4、pｒehｅnsiblｅｉnｐｕt可理解性输入5、Consｔrａstive Aｎaｌｙsis对比分析6、cｒosｓ-aｓsociatioｎ互相联想7、Erｒor Aｎａlysiｓ错误分析8、foｒｅｉｇn laｎguage外语9、foreｉgner talk外国人谈话1０、ｆossiliｚａtion语言石化(现象)１1、Input Hｙｐothesiｓ输入假说12、ｉnstrumental moｔiｖatｉｏｎ工具动机１3、intａke 纳入14、inteｇratｉvｅmoｔivation综合动机15、inteｒference干扰１6、iｎterlaｎguａｇｅ中介语17、ｉｎterlinguａl ｅｒｒors语际错误;受母语影响得错误18、Ｉntraｌiｎguａl eｒror语内错误1９、ｉｎtrinsic motivaｔion内在动机２0、ｉnｔｕiｔion知觉;语感２1、learｎeｒｌaｎｇｕage学习者语言22、learｎing ｓtrategieｓ学习策略23、languａge aｐtitude语言能力２4、lanｇｕａgeｔransｆｅｒ语言迁移2５、meｔacogｎitiｖe strａtｅｇｉes元认知策略26、mｏtivatｉon动机２7、moｄifｉed iｎput修改后得输入２８、ｍodifiｅd ｉntｅｒaction变化性得互动2９、negatｉve traｎsfer消极迁移;负迁移３0、ｏveｒgeneralizaｔion概括过头31、personaｌitｙ人格;性格;个性3２、positｉve transfer积极迁移；正迁移33、ｒｅｓｕlｔaｔｉｖｅmoｔivation结果动机34、secoｎｄlanguage第二语言35、seconｄlanguage acｑｕiｓiｔioｎ第二语言习得36、teacher talk教师谈话37、target languａge目标语Ｃｈａpter 12Language and tｈe brain 语言与大脑１、aｃquired dysgrapｈia习得性书写障碍2、ａcqｕiｒｅd dｙｓｌexｉa习得性失读症3、angular gyrｕｓ隅骨4、auｔopsy stｕdies尸检研究5、braｉn stｅｍ脑干6、Ｂroｃa’s aphasia布罗卡失语症7、Ｂrｏca’s area布罗卡区8、ｂｏttom-ｕp prｏcｅssinｇ自下而上处理过程ｃerｅbruｍ大脑9、ｃentral ｓulcus中央沟10、ｃerebｅllｕm小脑脑向背侧突出得一个较大得部分,尤与肌肉得共济运动与维持身体平衡有关11、cerebrａl hemisｐhere大脑半球12、cohort modｅl交股模型１3、pｕtarized Ａxial Tomograｐhｙ计算机化轴向层面X射线摄影法1４、corpus(语言)素材15、ｃｏｒpｕｓcａｌlosuｍ胼胝体1６、cｏrｔex大脑皮层17、dｅep dｙslexiａ深层诵读困难18、Diｃhotｉc lｉsｔeniｎg studiｅs双耳分听实验19、eｖeｎt－ｒelaｔed potentｉａl ｅxperiｍent2０、eye movｅｍenｔｅxpｅriment眼动实验21、fissure裂缝;裂隙22、flueｎt apｈasia流利性失语症２3、frontａl lobｅ额叶(大脑半球得前部,其下部位于颅前窝,后界中央沟24、Funcｔiｏnal MＲI功能磁共振成像25、garden path sentence花园路径句26、global ａpｈasia整体性失语症２7、gyruｓ回2８、hieｒａｒｃhiｃal strｕｃtｕre层级结构29、late closure ｐrincｉpｌe后封闭原则;晚封闭原则30、lateral fisｓurｅ侧脑裂31、lａｔｅrａliｚａtiｏn侧化32、leｓion损害33、lexｉcaｌdｅciｓion词汇判断;词汇确定法3４、lｏbes叶,身体器官得由表面得沟裂分出得部分３５、lｏngiｔuｄinaｌfissurｅ纵裂36、MagnetｉｃResonａｎce Iｍａｇing磁共振成像37、neｕｒon神经细胞,神经元3８、mｉnimaｌａｔｔachment priｎｃiｐle最低限度结合原则３９、modｕle模块；组块40、non－flueｎt ａpｈasiａ失语症４1、oｃcipｉtal lobe枕叶大脑半球得后叶,呈三面得锥形, 与前方得顶叶与下方得颞叶没有明显得界限４2、ｐａrietal ｌobe顶叶Pｏsitron emiｓsｉon Toｍｏｇｒaｐhy正电子发射X射线层析照相术;计算机辅助正电子发射断层扫描技术43、phoｌogicaｌdyｓｌeｘｉa拼音性失读症４4、primiｎg启动45、primiｎg eｆｆeｃt启动效应46、ｐｒiming eｘpeｒiment启动实验４7、right eaｒadvantａgｅ右耳优势;右耳听力强48、ｓelｅctional restｒictｉoｎ选择限制49、sentencｅａｍbiguiｔy句子歧义５０、“Sｏdｉｕm Ａmyｓtaｌ“Ｔest阿米妥纳实验Spooneｒiｓｍ斯本内现象51、spliｔbrain ｓtudｉｅs裂脑研究52、sｕｌｃｕs沟53、suｒface dyｓlexia浅层诵读困难54、syntａｃtic pａrｓer句法处理器55、tｅｍpoｒａｌlobe颞叶56、ｔimed-ｒeａding ｅxｐeｒiment限时阅读实验57、top-dｏｗn ｐrocｅsｓinｇ自上而下处理过程58、Werniｃke’s apｈａsia韦尼克失语症。
语言学术语大全专业英语词汇（2）
语言学术语大全专业英语词汇(2)语言学术语：词汇a lexeme词位a lexical item词条a minimum free form最小自由形式a unit of vocabulary词汇单位abbreviation缩写法acronym首字母缩写法addition添加adjective endocentric compound形容词性向心复合词affix词缀analogical creation类比构词法assimilation同化associative relations联想关系back-formation逆序造次/逆构词法blending混成法borrowing借词法bound morpheme黏着词素bound root morpheme黏着词根词素broadening词义扩大calque仿造词语cardinal number基数central determiners中置限定词class shift词性变换clipping截断法closed-class words封闭类词coinage/invention新创词语compound复合词contact assimilation接触性同化contiguous assimilation临近性同化contracted form缩写形式conversion变换/变码derivational affix派生词缀derivational morphemes派生语素derivation派生词determiners限定词distant assimilation远距离同化domain范围/领域endocentric compound向心复合词exocentric compound离心复合词finite element有定成分finiteness定式folk etymology俗词源free morpheme自由词素frequency count词频统计grammatical words(function words)语法词/功能词hierarchy层次性infix中缀inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional morphemes屈折语素invariable words不变词lexical words(content words)词汇词/实义词lexicogrammar词汇语法lexis/vocabulary词汇表liaison连音loan translation翻译借词loanblend混合借词loanshift转移借词loanword借词logogram语标loss脱落meaning shift意义转移meaning shift词义转移metanalysis再分化metathesis换位monosyllabic单音节morpheme词素morpheme语素morpheme语素morphemic structure语素结构morphological change形态变化morphological conditioned形态的限制morphology形态学morphonology形态语音学morphophomemics形态音位学morpho-syntactic change形态-句法变化multisemous多种意义narrowing词义缩小nominal endocentric compound名词性向心复合词non- contiguous assimilation非临近性同化nonomorphemic words单语素词non-productivity/unproductive非多产性obviative(that)远指代词opened-class words开放类词ordinal number序数词orthographic change拼写的变化paradigmatic relations聚合关系paradigm聚合体particles小品词passive vocabulary消极词汇phoneme音位phonological conditioned音位的限制phonological structure音素结构polymorphemic words多语素词polysyllabic多音节post determiners后置限定词predeterminers前置限定词prefix前缀pro-adjective(so)代形容词pro-adverb(so)代动词pro-form代词形式pro-locative(there)代处所词/代方位词pro-verb(do/did)代副词proximate(this)近指代词register语域relative uninterruptibility相对连续性root morpheme词根语素root词根semantic change语义变化semiotics符号学sequential relations序列关系split infinitives分裂不定式(She was told to regularly classes) stem词干suffix后缀syntactical change句法变化syntagmatic relations组合关系synthetic compound综合性复合词the maximum free form最大自由形式theory of least effort省力理论variable words可变词verbal compound动词性复合词word class词类word-formation构词语言学术语：句法a principle system原则系统a rule system规则系统ablative离格accessible subject可及主语accusative宾格across the board extraction抽取跨界移动actor动作者actual sentence division实义句子切分法adjunction加接affix hopping词缀越位anaphor照应语animate noun有生名词appellative/vocative function称呼功能arbitrariness任意性articulatory-perceptual system发音-听音系统aspect checking特征验证aspect feature基本体貌特征aspect体ASPP is functional projection .ASPP 是功能投射associative relationship联想关系asymmetric c-command不对称成分统制autosyn/autogram/autoknow语法自主binding domain约束语域binding约束bipartition二分法Bloomfield priori先天综合判断(康德Kant) Cartesian linguistics笛卡尔语言学派case格categories语类C-commanding condition成分统领条件checking domain检验区域communicative dynamism (CD)交际动力complement domain补足语区域complement IP=屈折短语conative function意欲功能concatenate联结conceptual-intentional system概念-意旨系统concord/agreement一致关系/协同关系constituent command(C-command for short)成分统制constituent morphemes成分规则constituent成分construction结构体Context culture 文化语境coordinate construction并列结构core computation核心运算covert component隐性部分crossing branch交叉分支CS(computational system)计算系统dative movement与格移位dative与格determiner限定词empiricism经验主义(洛克，白板说)empty category principle空范畴原则empty subject空主语endocentric/headed construction向心结构/中心结构exceptional case marking例外格标记existential process生存过程exocentric construction离心结构expressive function表情功能Extended Standard theory (EST)扩展的标准理论external functionalism外部功能主义extreme functionalism极端的功能主义fall-category maximal projection全语类的最大投射Field语场full-interpretation完全解释原则functional parameterization hypothesis功能参数设定假设functional sentence perspective功能句子观gender性genitive属格government支配关系government管辖greed句法操作自利原则head parameter中心语参数hierarchical structure层级结构ideational function概念功能immediate constituent analysis(IC analysis for short)直接成分分析法imperative祈使语气imperfective未完成indicative直陈语气INFL(inflection)形态变化。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
现代语言学术语总结Aabbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acoustic phonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词address term称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻Adjacency Condition毗邻条件Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数Affix词缀Affixation加词缀法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亚语系agreement rule一致关系规则allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angular gyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym反以词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系BBabbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法back vowel后元音Behaviorism行为主义Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象Black English黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用bound morpheme黏着语素brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点broad transcription宽式音标Broca’s area布罗卡区Ccaretaker speech保姆语case格Case Condition格条件case marking格标志causative verb使役动词central vowel中元音cerebral cortex大脑皮层cerebral plasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classical language古典语言clipping略写法closed class word封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词color word色彩词combinational rule组合规则commissives承诺类communicative competence交际能力comparative reconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力complement补语complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音constituent成分constituent structure成分结构constraint制约construction结构content word实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播Ddeclaration宣告类deep structure深层结构dental齿音derivation派生法derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征D-structure深层结构duality of structur结构二重性e double articulation结构二重性Eembedded clause子句emotive meaning表情意义entity实体epenthesis插入音Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语evaluative meaning评价意义expressives表达类Ffactive predicate叙述性谓词family tree谱系树feature symbol特征标记features of meaning意义特征finite clause定式字句finite verb定式动词formalize形式化fossilization语言僵化framework框架free morpheme自由语素fricative擦音front vowel前元音function word虚词functional shift功能性转换functor element起功能作用成分Ggender性Generative Grammar生成语法Generative Semantics生成语义学genetic predispotion基因先天条件genetic relationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门graddabl opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammatical meaning语法意义Great V owel Shift元音大变位Hhard palate硬腭head核心词hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构high variety高层次变体historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic sentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词Iidiolect个人语言特点illocutionary act言外形为inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语系infinitive marker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectional morpheme曲折语素input输入instrumental motivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrativ emotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage语际语internalize内在化International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标interpersonmal communication人际交际intuition语调Llabeled (unlabeled) tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音LAD语言习得机制language acquisition语言习得language behavior语言行为language center语言中枢language faculty语言机制language family语系language perception语言感知language planning语言规划language variation语言变异larynx喉lax vowel松元音level层；平面level of language语言层次lexical category词类lexical structure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linear structure线性结构linguistic competence语言能力linguistic determinism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言变体linguistic taboo禁忌语linguistics语言学liquid流音loan word外来词localization定位locutionary act言内行为low variety低层次变体Mmanner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句maxim of manner方式准则maxim of quality质量准则maxim of quantity数量准则maxim of relation关联准则meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistic theory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学mother tongue母语Move α移动α规则movement rule移位规则Nnaming theory命名论narrow transcription严式音标narrowing of meaning词义缩小nasal cavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-place predication空位述谓结构Oobject宾语Old English古英语one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄oral cavity口腔overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度overt thought有声思维Ppalatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为pharyngeal cavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemic contrast音位对立phonetic feature语音特征phonetics语音学phonological rule音位规则phonology音位学phrasal category词组类phrase structure rule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语place of articulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predication analysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期Qqualifying predication修饰性述谓结构RReceived Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referring expression所指名词register语域relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewrite rule重写规则rounded vowel圆唇元音SSAE标准美国英语sapir-Whorf hypothesis…假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semantic anomaly语义异体semantic deviation语义变异semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学semantic structure语义结构semantic triangle语义三角sense意义sequential rule序列规则setting背景；环境sexist language性别歧视语sibilant咝音simple sentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situational dialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学soft palate软腭species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speech act言语行为speech community言语社区speech variety言语变体S-structure表层结构standard language标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学subject主语subordinate predication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocal predication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层结构synchronic linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型syntactic rule句法规则syntax句法Ttaboo word禁忌词target language目标语tautology同义反复teeth ridge齿龈隆骨telegraphic speech电报式言语tense and aspect时和体tense vowel紧元音tone音调；声调tone language声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则tree diagram树形图two-place predication双位述谓结构Uunaspirated不送气underextension扩展不足Universal Grammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterance meaning话语意义uvula小舌Vvalidity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocal cord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化vowel元音WWernicke’s area韦尼克区widening of meaning词义扩大XX-bar theory X标杆理论。