中国矿业大学2015年考博英语之语言能力
英语语言博士试题及答案
英语语言博士试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following English words?A. PhenomenalB. PhenomenologyC. PhenomenonD. Phenomenon答案：B2. Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct?A. She is more intelligent than what I thought.B. She is more intelligent than I thought.C. She is more intelligent than I had thought.D. She is more intelligent than I thought she was.答案：D3. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean:A. To cause an injuryB. To wish someone good luckC. To perform poorlyD. To take a break答案：B4. In English, the term "modal verb" refers to:A. A verb that is used to express necessity or possibilityB. A verb that is used to express actionC. A verb that is used to express emotionD. A verb that is used to express a fact答案：A5. Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb?A. To look upB. To look afterC. To look intoD. All of the above答案：D6. The word "facetious" is an example of:A. A nounB. An adjectiveC. A verbD. An adverb答案：B7. The sentence "The cat is on the mat" is an example of:A. A declarative sentenceB. An interrogative sentenceC. An imperative sentenceD. An exclamatory sentence答案：A8. Which of the following is not a preposition in English?A. AtB. InC. OnD. And答案：D9. The term "passive voice" is used to describe:A. A sentence structure where the subject performs the actionB. A sentence structure where the subject receives the actionC. A sentence structure where the object performs the actionD. A sentence structure where the object receives the action 答案：B10. The phrase "kick the bucket" is an idiomatic expression that means:A. To dieB. To start a new jobC. To move to a new placeD. To give up答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" can be used to describe someone who is very talkative and humorous in a way that is not serious.答案：facetious2. The phrase "____" is used to express that something ishappening right now.答案：right now3. In English grammar, the term "____" refers to the subject of a sentence that performs the action.答案：active voice4. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very careful and precise in their work.答案：meticulous5. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the future.答案：in the future6. The word "____" is used to describe a situation where something is not possible or cannot happen.答案：impossible7. The term "____" refers to a verb that is used to describea state of being rather than an action.答案：linking verb8. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening in the past.答案：in the past9. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very enthusiastic and energetic.答案：zealous10. The phrase "____" is used to express that something is happening at the present moment.答案：right now三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a countable noun and an uncountable noun in English.答案：A countable noun is a noun that can be counted and has both singular and plural forms, such as "apple" and "apples". An uncountable noun, on the other hand, is a noun that cannot be counted and does not have a plural form, such as "water"or "information".2. What is the function of an adverb in a sentence?答案：An adverb is a word that modifies or provides more information about verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. It can describe how, when, where, or to what extent an action is performed.3. Describe the use of the subjunctive mood in English.答案：The subjunctive mood is used to express various statesof unreality such as doubt, possibility, necessity, or action that has not yet occurred. It is often used in conditional sentences, to express wishes, or in certain fixed expressions.四、论述。
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2015年Part ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judgemay sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage? ______A.The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B.The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C.Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D.The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.答案：B[解答] 本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。
中国矿业大学考博英语必备语法知识点
中国矿业大学考博英语必备语法知识点1.With irrigation came surplus food，which meant that large numbers of people were freed trom the land to pursue nonagrarian specialities—technological development，scholarship for its sake——and war。
随着有了灌溉，粮食就有了剩余，这就意味着大批人就可解脱出来从事农业以外的工作一发展工艺，研究其学问——甚至参加战争。
(with...“随着”，引导的短语作状语。
With the approach of sunset it became chilly，come surplus food 是倒装语序，food是主语，came是谓语。
which引导特种定语从句，指上句话。
不定式to pursue..。
war有结果状语的意味。
).2.First of all， Kepler found that each planet goes around the sun in a curve called an ellipse，with the sun at a focus of the ellipse.开普勒首先发现了每个行星都以椭圆曲线绕太阳运行，太阳则位于椭圆的焦点。
(with the sun at，..为介词复合结构作状语，补充说明。
).3.It should be noted that a rocket does not depend on the atmosphere for its propulsion，but would actually perform better in the absence of an atmosphere becauseOf lessened air resistance.应该注意，火箭的推力与大气无关，在没有大气的情况下，由于空气阻力减小，火箭实际上会运行得更好。
2015矿大考博英语完型备考复习方法-育明考博
2015矿大考博英语完型备考复习方法想要在考博英语中取得一个不错的成绩不是难事，但是想要取得高分就不是一件简单的事情了。
对于想要拿高分的考生朋友来说，完型填空就是一个必须要拿下的敌人。
虽然说完型填空的分值不是很多，但是在大家差距不大的情况下，完型填空就成了一个关键点，谁能够在完型填空拿到更多的分数，那么在总分上必定会占有不小的优势。
那么怎么样才能让自己在完型填空这块取得先机呢?完型填空的基本解题原则是从已知信息中寻找，定位出所有与未知填空相关联的信息线索，通过综合分析这些线推测未知填空的答案。
即相关已知信息(线索)定位分析法。
下面我们总结一些具有普遍性的寻找定位相关已知线索的方法和规律。
1. 如何用“无关词排除法”来解完型填空题?完型文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线，且整个文章很紧凑，就是紧紧围绕着中心主线展开。
因此，理论上正确的选项一定是紧扣文章的主题和中心主线的。
故而，一些看上去明显和文章主题和中心主线毫无关系的选项基本上可以排除在正确答案之外。
（育明考博辅导课程咨询方式TEL:四零零 六六八 六九七八;扣扣：五四七零六三八六二）例如：2001年考博完型试题的第35题“bill that will propose making payments to witnesses(34 illegal) and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case.”[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity答案:[A]publicity分析：此题可以应用“无关词排除法”。
本题所考查的名词处于这样一个句子结构中：作为control的宾语;后边还受到一个定语从句的限制。
根据文章的主题，可以发现3个选项[B]penalty(惩罚)、[C]popularity(流行度)、[D]peculiarity(古怪度)与文章的主题根本无关，政府不可能去控制这些东西。
考博面试英语口语
研究生期你的划 (plans in the postgraduate study)First,I hope I can form systematic view of . As for ,my express wish is to get acomplete comprehension of the formation and development as well as . If possible,Iwill go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word,I am looking forward to making a solid foundation forfuture profession after two years study here.If luckily I got the chance to learn environment engineering in TongjiUniversity,I will concentrate on the study and research in this field. First,I will hard tolearn the theoretical knowledge,constructing a solid base for my future work；Second,Iwould like to do some practical work with the help of the supervisor and classmate.And through this,I can get something that cannot be acquired from the textbooks. I believe after 2 years of learning,my dream will finally come true⋯⋯First of all,I love my major. Chinese literature is the symbol of thestart of Chinese literary modernization. It plays an important part inmodernization of our citize ns'thoughts. What’s more,modern literatureis very close to our daily life and it can deeply reflect the styles andfeatures of our society. I am fascinated by the great masters refreshingor warm or profound styles as well. But I am not easily satisfied withsuch superficial knowledge. I hope I could have a better understandingin modern literature by studying further. This is a very important reasonfor me to take the postgraduate exams.Next,I love the feeling in the university. It is full of youthfulspirit. And I am deeply attracted by the scholarly atmosphere. And themost important,it's my great honor to open my ears to your teaching.Finally,I want to talk about a very practical problem. That is my dream ofbecoming a teacher in the university. I want to realize my dream and make myself tobe a well-qualified person. I think the postgraduate studies can enrich myknowledge and make me competent in my future job.That's my simple and clear reasons why I took the postgraduate examsINTUCTION:Thank you for giving me the chance to interview and it is my pleasure to introducemyself to you. My name is Wang Chenghua. I major in⋯⋯and I will graduate fromthe ⋯⋯ .. Medical University in July, 2006. Hope a chance to work and develop inyour department.During the past three years, under the strict guidance of my tutor,professor⋯⋯ incollege of⋯⋯⋯, I have learned systematically the theory of profession and gotthe basic manipulative skills about⋯⋯.. With the help of my supervisor, I havesuccessfully fin ished the subject“⋯⋯⋯ ” and grasped some experimental skill , such as cell culture,DNA extraction and other molecular biology technique; abstraction, separation,⋯.. ..I passed the CET band 6 test in2002, after that, I tried my best to learn MedicalEnglish and mastered a lot of professional vocabulary. I am good at listening,speaking, reading and writing.. I can manipulate computer proficiently and masterMicrosoft Office software, also be familiar with SPSS and Photoshop, etc.During three-year study in research, I studied hard and strived for excellence inour field. I benefit from working together with excellent colleague. I developedquality of diligence,responsibility,kindness and honesty. My internship in college of ⋯.. could qualify me for this job, and I believe I can be fit for the positionquickly. I am looking forward to working in your department. If I am admitted, Iwill be thankful and try my best to work for you.Thank you very much.1. If there were no one-child policy and you could have as manychildren as you wanted, how many would you choose to have?And why?Whyjust want one child?Children are expensive to raise.They take all of the parents’ time and energy⋯ so more children are a greater demandon the parents.Yet,someAmerican families choose to have more child2.Describe yourself. (appearance, inside qualities)Generally speaking, I am a common girl with good personalities. I am not very tall, just average level. Myface is unthinkable round, so I looked younger than myappearance.3. Describe: three GOOD qualities three BAD qualitiesfor each of the following people: (1). An ideal husband/ wife(2). An ideal teacher/boss/political leader (3). An idealparent (4). An ideal friend4. Who are your role models? Why do you choose this person asyour model? What do you mean by “a friend ”? And the nature of friendship?5.What do you mean by “a friend ”? And the nature of friendship?6.Who is your best friend? Where did you meet? And, how didyou meet? What is he/she (your friend)like? What is his/her(your friend’s) best qualities?7.How is your friend similar to or different from you?8.Do you have a lot of friends? How important are friends toyou? What do you think are the top 5 personal qualities yourfriends should have?9.Too much stress and pressure can cause serious health problems.What health problems do the stress cause? What causes stressfor students? For most Chinese adults?10. If you could take a trip to relax from too much work/study,where would you go? What would you do? Whowould you travel with?11.What are the most serious health problems in China today?How are these problems dealt with?12.What are some common health problems for children? Foradults? What health problems cause the most fear?13. If an American was coming to visit China, what would youadvise him about staying healthy while traveling? What should he do if he becomes ill?14.Illness caused by/as a result of modern technology:Ways to deal with technological illness:15.What is an ideal or a perfect job for you? (Salary, Work,Location, Working Environment, Opportunity for)16.What will you like(not like)about your job? Howcan youfind such a job? What problems do you think you will have?17.T he top 3 popular occupations in China at present? What arethe top ten popular occupations in China at present? And,What are the major attractions of each occupation?18.Gun control19.You meet a Westerner —Jeff or Anna who asks you suchquestions about your hometown:1)What do you think are the special features of your hometown?2)What is your hometown like? In two or three sentences,describe your hometown.20.Which city would you like to work and live?Scenario: You are working for a large company with officesin many cities. As a reward for hard work, you are being promoted a management position and your will be themanager of the office in one of those cities in the world. Youget to choose which city where you live.21. What do you think are the most important factors when youchoose a place to live?1)Job opportunities 2)Environment 3) Shopping 4) Crimerate 5) Weather 6) Cuisine 7) Historical sights 8)Cost ofliving 9) Nightlife10) Architecture 11) Scenery22.If you could live and work in any city in China,which city would you choose? And, why?23. Which city would you like to move to, if you could afford it?24.Explain: 1) The best thing in life is free. 2) Moneytalks. 3) Time is money. 4) No money, no love. 5) Saveyour pennies for a rainy day. 6) You can’t take it with you. 7) Money doesn ’t grow on trees. 8) Until somebody puts some money on the table, all you have is talk.25.If you could buy anything this year what is thefirst thing you would like to get? And, why?26.Recent headlines in newspapers. List one positiveconsequence and one negative consequence for each of thefollowing scientific development.1). Plastic surgery better and chapter than ever2) Pig organs save human lives3) Prospective parents choose child’s sex4)Sixty-year-old grandmother gives birth27.The advantages and disadvantages of each of these moderninventions.Howhas each invention improved our quality of life? And 2) How has each invention created problems andstress?Personal computer Cell phone ATM (Automatic TellerMachine) The Internet Email Virtual chat/Virtualdates ? Computer games Remote control GPS (Global Position System) MP3 player Kindle IPad28. What do you think are some customs that a visitor to Chinashould know about?29.What do you think are some interesting customs from theare the five biggest environmental problems in China? What should we do about these problems?30.Christmas customGood afternoon. I am very glad to be here for this interview.First let me introduce myself. My name is XX. I will finish mypostgraduate education in XX University, Majoring in XX during the postgraduate. Every one may have a dream, and I still remember that mydream is to be a expert in the field XX. I liked to make wonders just like, where are we from? Where are we going in the universe? And then I wouldfind the answers in book by myself. Still today I think that interest isthe best teacher in one's whole life (and knowledge comes from practice) Three years' graduate university education gives me a lot of thingsto learn, a lot of chances to try, and a lot of practices to improve myself.It teaches me not only what to study and how to think, but also to seethe importance of practical ability(such as doing experiment as much as possible). In the university life, I have made many good friends. Theyhelp me improve my study and research ability, do everything justlike a man, and often give me good example to follow.Second, I will introduce my major in the graduate university.My major is XX in XX University. It has a great relationship with XX .介绍自己的专业专长Besides what I have introduced myself above, I also have many interests in my spare time. I like playing badminton, which is an effective way i think to improve my body health, and it can teach me how to joinin a group and deal with other people. Drawing and writing is another favor to me.Above all,I choose the major in order to broad my view in XXand enhance my research ability.I will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate study.OK, that ’s all. Thank you very much.31. 1. 介绍下自己，什么学校毕业什么专业，让大家认识你（一页）2.自己参加过的项目、工程之类的，让人理解你干过些什么（一页）3.假如论文许多，能够排列出来，可是报告的时候不要读，带过就行（一页）4.硕士论文的状况（一页）5.目前主要干的工作是啥（你假如是应届生，手上必定有一些正在参加的工作）6.下一步你想干什么（要点）依据这个思路来的话，基本能描绘你过去干了什么，此刻在干什么，未来想干什么此外作报告的时候，要注意控制好时间，这个很重要的，不要以为报告越细越详尽越好，必定要掌握好时间，挑要点讲。
中国矿业大学(北京)考博英语复习-报考分析及备考指导-育明考博
中国矿业大学（北京）考博报考分析及备考指导 一、招考介绍学校所属招生总数名额分布考博英语难易程度复试分数线211/985266人（57各专业）直播和硕博连读人数：48人考研英语难度外语成绩≥55分专业课成绩≥60分二、矿大考博英语备考规划1、矿大考博初试英语题型和分值设置词汇完型填空阅读理解翻译短文作文15题15分20题10分五篇20题40分英译汉10分汉译英10分15分2、英语复习推荐用书：育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》《考博词汇》，是最为权威的考博英语备考资料。
同时也得到了育明考博学员的肯定和证明，并且每年都会再版更新。
可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当网下单。
（PS：育明考博咨询方式 扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八）3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享（1）词汇备考：矿大对考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。
部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。
虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。
根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。
有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。
单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。
所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。
记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。
如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。
因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。
(完整word版)2015年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按”考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2。
试卷一（Paper One)答案和试卷二（PaperTwo）答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3。
试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑：如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4。
标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5。
听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said，The question will be read only once, After you hear the question，read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D。
Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example。
You will hear.Woman：1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven’t had a bite all day Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read。
中国矿业大学2015考博英语长难句解析(一)
中国矿业大学2015考博英语长难句解析(一)考博英语翻译的特点是长难句比较多，体现在两方面：一是修饰成分较多，二是句子结构层次较复杂，长难句的结构分析在考博英语翻译中就显得尤为重要。
这也是备考2015考博的考生遇到的难点。
对此，育明网校的老师列举了一些常见的考博英语长难句，并对这些长难句的句子结构进行详细解析，以帮助考生们快速突破考博英语长难句。
1.The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.解析：本句结构相对较复杂。
主干是The company provoked justified outrage…when…，中间出现一个分隔结构a major energy supplier in New England,说明the company。
后面出现when引导的时间状语从句when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.我们在翻译时要注意要把分隔结构及状语从句提前。
同时注意本句中出现的以下词汇的意思：provoked justified outrage，理所当然激起愤怒;reneging on a longstanding commitment，违背长期的承诺;abide by遵守。
参考译文：这家公司是新英格兰的主要能源供应商，当它上周宣布违背遵守严格的核规则这一长期承诺时，理所当然的激起了佛蒙特州人民的愤怒。
中国矿业大学考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句
中国矿业大学考博英语必备翻译知识点及其例句01.The tenant is discontented with the content of the agreement for renting the tennis tent.租客对承租网球帐篷协议的内容不满。
02.The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.最近的洪流事件刺激他去买皮毛和硫磺。
03.I'm confident that the dentist will deny the confidential accidental incident.我确信这个牙医将会否认这个秘密的意外事件。
04.The student identified the identical idiom on the identity cards.学生鉴别身份证上完全相同的的成语。
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05.The stupid student rapidly studied the accident in the studio.愚蠢(乏味、麻木)的学生在工作室内快速学习这个意外事件。
06.Considering considerable spiders outside,I stay in the president's residence.鉴于外面有太多的蜘蛛，我留在校长的住处。
07.Besides this side,I considered both the inside and outside.除了这一侧面，内外两面我都考虑了。
08.It's evident that the evil devil inevitably goes to ruin.很明显，邪恶的魔鬼必定走向灭亡。
英语语言博士试题及答案
英语语言博士试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "phenomenon" is most closely related to which of the following?A. PhenomenaB. PhenomenalC. PhenomenonD. Phenomenology2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the English language?A. FlexibilityB. Global reachC. Limited vocabularyD. Rich in idiomatic expressions3. The concept of "semantics" in linguistics refers to the:A. Study of language soundsB. Study of language meaningsC. Study of language structureD. Study of language change4. The term "morphology" is associated with the study of:A. Word formationB. Sentence structureC. Language acquisitionD. Language change over time5. In the context of sociolinguistics, "code-switching" refers to:A. Switching between different languagesB. Changing the tone of voiceC. Using different dialectsD. Alternating between formal and informal language6. The "phoneme" is the smallest unit of sound that can:A. Change the meaning of a wordB. Be heard by the human earC. Be written downD. Be pronounced by a speaker7. "Pragmatics" is the study of:A. The meaning of words in a sentenceB. The context in which language is usedC. The rules of grammarD. The physical properties of speech sounds8. The "passive voice" in English is used to:A. Emphasize the actionB. Emphasize the receiver of the actionC. Describe the action in detailD. Highlight the time of the action9. "Syntactic ambiguity" occurs when a sentence can be:A. Heard in different waysB. Written in different waysC. Interpreted in more than one wayD. Pronounced in different ways10. The term "register" in linguistics refers to:A. A specific languageB. A specific style of language useC. A specific set of vocabularyD. A specific set of grammar rules二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between "prescriptive" and "descriptive" approaches in linguistics.2. Describe the process of language acquisition in children and the role of "input" and "interaction" in this process.3. Discuss the impact of globalization on the English language, including the emergence of new varieties and the spread of English as a global lingua franca.三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. Analyze the role of language in shaping cultural identity and the challenges faced by minority languages in a globalized world.2. Discuss the principles of translation and the challenges of translating literary works from one language to another, including the issues of cultural context and idiomatic expressions.四、案例分析题（共30分）Analyze the following dialogue between two speakers, identifying the use of language, the social context, and the implications of their conversation.Speaker A: "You know, I've been thinking about moving to a new city. I hear the job opportunities are great there." Speaker B: "Oh, really? But don't you think you'll miss your family and friends? And what about the cultural differences?"答案：一、选择题1. A2. C3. B4. A5. A6. A7. B8. B9. C10. B二、简答题1. Prescriptive linguistics focuses on the "correct" use of language and often seeks to enforce rules, while descriptive linguistics aims to describe how language is actually used by speakers without making judgments about correctness.2. Language acquisition in children is a natural process that involves exposure to language (input) and interaction with caregivers and peers. Input provides the child withlinguistic data, while interaction helps the child to understand the social and communicative functions of language.3. Globalization has led to the spread of English as a global lingua franca, facilitating international communication and trade. It has also resulted in the emergence of new varieties of English, such as World Englishes, which are influenced by local languages and cultures.三、论述题1. Language is a fundamental part of cultural identity, shaping how individuals perceive themselves and their placein the world. Minority languages face challenges such as language shift, where speakers adopt the dominant languagefor economic or social reasons, and a lack of resources and recognition, which can lead to language endangerment or extinction.2. Translation。
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中国矿业大学2015年考博英语之语言能力
在2015考博暑期复习这段黄金期，同学们可以静下来心来认真备考各个科目。
在这里，育明考博小编着重为大家分享考博英语暑期复习中长难句如何进行拆分和翻译。
让我们继续之前的《每天一句：育明2015考博英语100句》，来看看接下来老师会跟同学们分享什么样的精彩句子吧!
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【语言能力】
首先，单词肯定是需要记忆方法的，通过记忆方法能快速的记住单词的字典含义；但记住单词的字典含义只是第一步，更重要的是注意在语境中调整和赋予这个单词更准确和通顺的语境含义，以帮助我们更贴切的理解文章。
比如：
1.rested with字典含义：取决于...
Copyright rested with the journal publisher.，and researchers seeking knowledge of the results wouldhave to subscribe to the journal.
在这个句子中根据语境：版权属于期刊的出版者;
2.entail字典含义是：使蒙受，使产生;必须，使承担;
Deliberate practice entails more thansimply repeating a task.Rather,it involves setting specific goals,obtainingimmediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
这句中的entails=involves.
(这句把并列连词省略了，补全是：Deliberatepractice entails more than…and it involves…)
3.substantial字典含义：大量的;结实的，牢固的;重大的
Genetically speaking,there are advantagesto avoiding substantial height.
从基因的角度来讲，避免长的“太”高是有好处的。
就把substantial理解为一个程度词即可。
4.adding to字典含义是：增加，添加
Adding to a woman’s increased dose ofstress chemicals,are her increased“opportunities”for stress.
这句话的结构是：Adding to A is(are)B=B is(are)adding to A
A=a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals
B=her opportunities for stress
在理解的时候，最好就理解为：除了A还有B;这样更能理解深层含义。
5.flap字典的含义是：上下或左右移动、摆动;轻拍;振翅而飞;<口>焦虑
在这个句子中：The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him.
关于饶舌音乐的(焦虑)争论并没有让他的日子变得轻松一点。
根据文章后文内容是可以灵活理解的。
当然在翻译题目中一般出现这样的短语就是硬伤了。
6.allow for sth：字典含义：在计算，估计，考虑时包括某人
Supporters ofthe new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial costreductions and better coordinated service.
Allow for=bring about带来
新的超级系统的支持者认为，这些合并将带来费用的大幅降低和更协调的服务。
从以上的例子中，我们确实可以看出字典是不可能涵盖单词的所有语境含义的，在理解单词在句中含义的时候一定要根据语境调整。
而这种赋意的过程其实就是所谓的语感。
只能通过相对大量的阅读才能形成的能力，这种能力我们从去年9月就开始引导同学们培养了。
同时，正是这种语境含义的出现使得两个在字典含义上不太可能相等的单词成为了一组可相互替换的单词：
比如：
1.Thinking ability=critical thinking=creative=innovation
2.popular culture=common culture
3.cultural power=assimilating power
4.prevent(同意替换)=hinder=refrain=deter(同意替换)
5.apprehension=worry
6.visualize=imagine=conceive
7.mechanical=unchanged
8.Modify=change
9.spontaneity=informal
10.mind=people
11.faith=confidence=assertiveness
12.accumulation=expansion
13.suits=enable(同意替换)=entail
14.dismiss斥责=rebuke=criticize
15.tap开发tap themarket=explore the market=expand the market
16.not nearly=far from
而这些正是考点之所在，得分点之所在。
考点会重复，可以通过平时积累考点，也就是从真题中把这些同意替换总结出来背诵，随着你模糊识意能力的提高，即使在考场上遇到了不认识的替换也能推断的出来。
其次，句子结构的分析能力。
从长难句的课程到我空间日志中的每天一句，如果今天在回过头来看句子分析的能力那重点就应该是切分句子的能力，倒不一定要准确的说出句子中每个部分的具体语法成分的名字，但是必须得学会切分句子，调整语序;具体讲就是你可以不知道定语从句和同位语从句的区别;状语和宾语补足语的区别;…但是你至少可以把这个部分完整的切分出来，再放到合理的位置上。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。