中国矿业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionThe purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent. In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to “book”him. “Booking” means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station. The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away—for example, because he owns a house and has a family—he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one. The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty. At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation. The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.B．The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.C．Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.D．The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.正确答案：B解析：本文的第一段第一句话“The purpose of the American court system is to protect the fights of the people．”就点明了文章的主旨，即美国法院系统的作用是保护人民的权利，因此选择B。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷20
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Hostility to Gypsies has existed almost from the time they first appeared in Europe in the 14lh century. The origins of the Gypsies, with little written history, were shrouded in mystery. What is known now from clues in the various dialects of their language, Romany, is that they came from northern India to the Middle East a thousand years ago, working as minstrels and mercenaries, metal-smiths and servants. Europeans misnamed them Egyptians, soon shortened to Gypsies. A clan system, based mostly on their traditional crafts and geography, has made them a deeply fragmented and fractious people, only really unifying in the face of enmity from non-Gypsies, whom they call gadje. Today many Gypsy activists prefer to be called Roma, which comes from the Romany word for “man”. But on my travels among them most still referred to themselves as Gypsies.In Europe their persecution by the gadje began quickly, with the church seeing heresy in their fortune-telling and the state seeing anti-social behavior in their nomadism. At various times they have been forbidden to wear their distinctive bright clothes, to speak their own language, to travel, to marry one another, or to ply their traditional crafts. In some countries they were reduced to slavery, it wasn’t until the mid-1800s that Gypsy slaves were freed in Romania. In more recent times the Gypsies were caught up in Nazi ethnic hysteria, and perhaps half a million perished in the Holocaust. Their horses have been shot and the wheels removed from their wagons, their names have been changed, their women have been sterilized, and their children have been forcibly given for adoption to non-Gypsy families. But the Gypsies have confounded predictions of their disappearance as a distinct ethnic group and their numbers have burgeoned. Today there are an estimated 8 to 12 million Gypsies scattered across Europe, making them the continent’s largest minority. The exact numberis hard to pin down. Gypsies have regularly been undercounted, both by regimes anxious to downplay their profile and by Gypsies themselves, seeking to avoid bureaucracies. Attempting to remedy past inequities, activist groups may overcount. Hundreds of thousands more have emigrated to the Americas and elsewhere. With very few exceptions Gypsies have expressed no great desire for a country to call their own-unlike the Jews, to whom the Gypsy experience is often compared. “Romanestan” said Ronald Lee, the Canadian Gypsy writer, “is where my two fee t stand.”1.Gypsies are united only when they（）.2.In history hostility to Gypsies in Europe resulted in their persecution by all the following EXCEPT（）.3.According to the passage, the main difference between the Gypsies and the Jews lies in their concepts of（）.问题1选项A.are engaged in traditional craftsB.call themselves RomaC.live under a clan systemD.face external threats问题2选项A.the EgyptiansB.the stateC.the churchD.the Nazis问题3选项nguageB.cultureC.identityD.custom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAbout six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn’t help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point the woman asked: “So, how have you been?” And the boy —who could not have been more than seven or eight years old—replied. “Frankly, I’ve been feeling a little depressed lately.”This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were “depressed” until we were in high school. The evidence of a change in children has increased steadily in recent years. Children don’t seem childlike anymore. Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different. Childhood as it once was no longer exists, why? Human development is based not only on innate biological states, but also on patterns of access to social knowledge. Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) machine has been installed in 98 percent of American homes. It is called television. Television passes information, and indiscriminately, to all viewers alike, be they children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information to which children have access. Reading and writing involve a complex code of symbols that must be memorized and practices. Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials.1．According to the author, feeling depressed is______.A．a mental scale present in all humans, including childrenB．a sure sign of a psychological problem in a childC．an inevitable part of children’s mental developmentD．something hardly to be expected in a young child正确答案：D解析：本题细节定位于第二段第二句话“As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn’t find out we were‘depressed’until we were in high school”。
2006年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2006年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingClozeGenerally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations. Currently,【C1】______, the term usually refers【C2】______an electronic device that can【C3】______a series of tasks according to a set of instructions. In 1953 there were only about 100 computers【C4】______use in the world. Today hundreds of millions of computers are【C5】______in homes, schools, businesses, government offices, and universities for almost every conceivable【C6】______. Modern desktop【C7】______computers, or PCs, are many times more powerful than the huge, million dollar【C8】______computers of the 1960s and 1970s. Most PCs can perform from 400 million to several billion operations per second. These computers are used not【C9】______for household management and personal entertainment, but also for most of the automate【C10】______require by small business. The fastest desktop computers are called workstations, and they are generally used for scientific, engineering, or advanced business application.1．【C1】正确答案：however解析：本题空格处的前面讲的是计算机通常是执行数字运算的设备，但目前……应填however“不过；然而”，表示转折。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：12
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These continual（）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.transitionsB.transformationsC.exchangesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项transition“过渡”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项exchange“交换；交流”；D选项fluctuation“起伏；波动”。
句意：温度的持续……使人没法决定穿什么。
只有气温上下波动，才让人不好选择穿什么衣服，因此D选项正确。
2.单选题Driving very fast on a rainy night is not（）with safety.问题1选项A.persistentB.consistentC.insistentD.existent 【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析与搭配用法。
A选项persistent“执着的；坚持不懈的；持续的”；B选项consistent“一致的；始终如一的；坚持的”；C选项insistent“坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的”；D选项existent“现存的；生存的”。
句意：在雨夜开快车是不安全的。
空格后有with，选项中只有consistent with表示“符合，一致”。
因此B选项正确。
3.单选题You cannot imagine how I feel（）with my duties sometimes.问题1选项A.overflowedB.overthrownC.overwhelmedD.overturned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项overflow“溢出；挤满”；B选项overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背弃”；C选项overwhelm“淹没；压倒；受打击”；D选项overturn“推翻；倾覆”。
2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年中国矿业大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Cloze 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingClozeThe Indians rise soon as it is light, the children run down to the river to swim, the woman go to the creek to bring fresh water. Soon maize soup is being prepared for【C1】______. Before noon they will eat again, usually fish, meat and bananas, the fruit of the “chontadurre” palm and a drink of’chicha”. When the sun has 【C2】______over the river, some of the younger women go【C3】______their children by canoe to their forest plantation to【C4】______maize, bananas and wild fruits. The older women stay in the house making pots which are【C5】______for drinking water and for “chicha”. Later they have to【C6】______the evening meal and look after the children. The women do most of the daily work and each【C7】______day involves much the same【C8】______. The men, who may have been hunting during the night, 【C9】______the day repairing nets, replacing an arrow lost while hunting, fishing with hook and line or “atarraya” net. In January after the rains,【C10】______men and women go to the forest plantation to sow maize.【C11】______, in August and September, they sow a【C12】______crop. Four months after each【C13】______, the maize is ready for harvesting by the women. At nightfall the family congregates once【C14】______, and after the babies are【C15】______in their hammocks they discuss the day’s events.1．【C1】正确答案：breakfast解析：本题空格前面讲的是天一亮印第安人就起来了，因此这里准备的应是早餐。
中国矿业大学(北京)考博英语复习-报考分析及备考指导-育明考博
中国矿业大学（北京）考博报考分析及备考指导 一、招考介绍学校所属招生总数名额分布考博英语难易程度复试分数线211/985266人（57各专业）直播和硕博连读人数：48人考研英语难度外语成绩≥55分专业课成绩≥60分二、矿大考博英语备考规划1、矿大考博初试英语题型和分值设置词汇完型填空阅读理解翻译短文作文15题15分20题10分五篇20题40分英译汉10分汉译英10分15分2、英语复习推荐用书：育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》《考博词汇》，是最为权威的考博英语备考资料。
同时也得到了育明考博学员的肯定和证明，并且每年都会再版更新。
可以联系育明考博购买邮寄，或在全国各大书店及卓越亚马逊及当当网下单。
（PS：育明考博咨询方式 扣扣：547 063 862 TEL：四零零 六六八 六九七八）3、复习策略、答题技巧、经验分享（1）词汇备考：矿大对考博英语词汇量在7000—8000左右。
部分院校，如社科院，对词汇量的要求会比较大，大约会达到10000以上。
虽然不推荐盲目的扩大词汇量，但是足够的单词储备还是会对应试起到比较积极的作用。
根据自身的复习时间和实际需要，可以选择考研词汇、六级词汇、托福词汇、专八词汇、或者GRE词汇进行备考，推荐育明教育考博教研室主编的《考博英语系列教程—考博10000词》进行有针对性的词汇备考。
有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的。
单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的，于是就产生了记忆的牢固度问题。
所以我们一直在向强调反复记忆单词，但是如何反复记忆却是一个复杂的工作。
记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。
如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。
因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆遗忘曲线。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：17
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题没人否认创造力的重要性。
的确，今后当几乎所有的标准程序均由计算机来完成时，创造力会被证明为更重要。
然而，创造力与智力不能等同起来。
一位专家的聪明才智可能表现在~个或几个领域，但他对革新不一定感兴趣，或在这方面不一定成功。
与此相似，尽管革新要求一定程度的心智，但我们没有发现智力测试与创造力测试两者之间的重要联系。
的确，创造力好像更依赖于某种气质和个性一一敢于冒险，吃苦耐劳，锲而不舍，但首先要有改变现状，对社会留下深远影响的愿望，而不是提高各种信息处理的效率。
【答案】No one denies the importance of creativity. Indeed, creativity will prove more important in the future when almost all standard programming is done by computers. However, creativity and intelligence cannot be equated. An expert's intelligence may manifest itself in several or more areas, but he may not be interested in innovation or successful in it. Similarly, although innovation requires a certain level of mind, we have not found a significant link between tests of intelligence and tests of creativity. Indeed, creativity seems to depend more on a certain temperament and personality -- the willingness to take risks, to work hard, to persevere, to have a wish to change the current situation and make a far-reaching influence on the society, rather than improve the efficiency of processing all kinds of information.2.单选题A(n)（）test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required at school.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.intelligenceC.psychologyD.speed【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
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中国矿业大学考博英语阅读理解真题解析与指导
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and
considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that
it is not true.Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he
observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American.But
they have done more than that.They have grown dissatisfied with the
role of intellectual.It is they,not American,who have become
anti-intellectual.
First,the object of our study pleads for definition.What is an
intellectual?(46)I shall define him as an individual who has elected
as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in
Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems.He explores such problem
consciously,articulately,and frankly,first by asking factual
questions,then by asking moral questions,finally by suggesting
action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral
information which he has obtained.(47)His function is analogous to
that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as
obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him
to his decision.
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as
intellectuals----the average scientist for one.48)I have excluded
him because,while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution
of moral problems,he has not been charged with the task of approaching
any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings,
he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook his experiments,manufacture evidence,or doctor his reports.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code,which governs his activity,any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted,as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of factors,despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living(50)They may teach very well,and more than earn their salaries,but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority eminent scholars.“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing,living in public and industrious thoughts”,as Emersion would say,“is something else.”
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。