unit1 Subjunctive Mood (1)

Learning aims
1. Learn to distinguish different kinds of mood. (学会区分不同的语气) 2. Learn to use the correct form of the Subjunctive Mood in “if” clause and in the objective clause after “wish” and “would rather”. (掌握虚拟语气在if条 件句及wish和would rather后的宾语从 句中的使用)
一. 语气的分类
I went to the shop yesterday. ( 陈述语气) Jack hadn’t come back home yet.陈述语气 ( ) Let’s go. 祈使语气 ( ) 祈使语气 ) Don’t touch anything on the table.( If I were you,I would not go with him.( 虚拟语气) Our teacher suggested that we (should) go to the library this afternoon. (虚拟语气)
Thank you !
Grammar
—— 虚拟语气（1）
Lead-in
虚拟语气 来 在英语中，我们常常用________ 表达一种愿望。
If I had a lot of money， I would travel around the world.
What is your wish? “If I had a lot of money， I would …”
eg. Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldn’t have done it. 要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。
三、使用虚拟语气的其他情况: 1. Wish 现在的愿望: 过去式(be用were)
如果明天天气好的话，我来看你。
2. If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
如果天下雨，庄稼就会（有可能）得救。
3. If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .
如果今晚下雪，他们就不出去了。
如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会） 见到那个著名歌唱家了。
2. if I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.
如果我上周有钱，我就会（可能）买一辆车。
3. 与将来事实相反
1. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。
2.If I were you, I would/could/might/ should go at once.
如果我是你的话，我会马上走。
2.与过去事实相反
1. If you had come a few minutes earlier,
you would/could/might have met the famous singer.
2. If you _____________(practice) had practiced speaking English more before , you ___________(speak) it fluently now. would speak
6. 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时虚拟条件不用从句，而是通过上下文或用介 词短语等表达出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句。 可以用来表示隐含条件的连词有or / otherwise / but / however 等,介词有without / with/ but for(要不是) 等。
had done
1. should + v.原形 与将来 2. were to +v. 原形 事实相反 3. did (be 用were)
would /should/could/ might+v.原形
1. 与现在事实相反
1.If
he had time, he would /could/might go with you.
5.错综时间条件句
有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发 生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各 自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。
eg. If you had listened to the doctor, you would feel better now.
。
1.If you __________(ask) him yesterday, had asked you ____________(know) what to do now. would know
后的宾 过去的愿望: 过去完成时 (had done) 语从句 将来的愿望: would/could/mightLeabharlann +V.原形should
I wish everyday were my birthday.
I wish I hadn’t eaten so much food.
I wish I would/could/might grow tall.
1.英语中语气分为哪几种？什么是虚拟语气？ 2. 判断下列句子各使用了什么语气：
二、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法
If条件 从句
与现在 事实相反 与过去 事实相反
If从句的谓语动词
主句的谓语动词
did (be动词用were)
would/should/could/ might +v.原形 would/should/could/ might+ have done
Practice
1.如果你早来这儿5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。
had come here five minutes earlier, If you __________ would have caught you __________________ the bus .
2. 如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。
2.Would rather 后的宾语从句
现在/将来: 过去式(be用were)
过去: 过去完成时 (had done) I would rather you gave me the gift now. I would rather you left tomorrow. I would rather I hadn’t come yesterday.
如何判断虚拟语气的时间（现在, 过去还 是将来）?
1.根据句中的时间状语来判断; 2.根据句中所给的主句或从句的谓语动词形 式来判断; 3.根据上下文所给的语境来判断。
1. What would you do if the war ______. A. is broken out B. will break out C. were to break out D. would break out 2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ____ so tired. A. drive, didn’t get B. were driving, would get C. had driven, wouldn’t have got D. drove, wouldn’t get 3. ___your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If received
If I were ____ not busy, I _________ would help you now.
3. 如果她明天知道的话，她会告诉我的。
If she ______________________________it knew/ should know/ were to know . tomorrow, she __________ Would tell me. been (be) free last night, I 4. If I had ________ ______________ would have gone(go) to see the film with you. 5. If he __________ had driven (drive) more carefully, he _________________ would not have had ( not have) the car accident yesterday.
4.If引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装
1. Were I you, I would give the patient a hug. 2. Had I taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 3. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 总结: 当If引导的虚拟条件句中含有 were should had ____, _______, ____, 可将if ____省略,而将 were should had _____,_______, ____放到句首(主语前)，构 部分 成 _____倒装。
Summary
一.语气的分类 二.虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood)的使 用: 1. If条件句中虚拟语气的使用。 2.Wish及would rather后宾语从句中的虚拟 语气。