考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析(7)
考研英语(二)模拟试卷98(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（二）模拟试卷98(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)While western governments worry over the threat of Ebola, a more pervasive but far less harmful【C1】______ is spreading through their populations like a winter sniffle: mobile personal technology. The similarity between disease organisms and personal devices is【C2】______. Viruses and other parasites control larger organisms,【C3】______ resources in order to multiply and spread. Smartphones and other gadgets do the same thing,【C4】______ ever-increasing amounts of human attention and electricity supplied【C5】______ wire umbilici. It is tempting to 【C6】______ a “strategy” to both phages and phablets, neither of which is sentient. 【C7】______, the process is evolutionary, consisting of many random evolutions, 【C8】______ experimented with by many product designers. This makes it all the more powerful. Tech【C9】______ occurs through actively-learnt responses, or “operant conditioning”as animal be haviourists call it. The scientific parallel here also involves a rodent, typically a rat, which occupies a【C10】______ cage called a Skinner Box. The animal is【C11】______ with a food pellet for solving puzzles and punished with an electric shock when it fails. “Are we getting a positive boost of hormones when we【C12】______ look at our phone, seeking rewards?” asks David Shuker, an animal behaviourist at St Andrews university, sounding a little like a man withholding serious scientific endorsement【C13】______ an idea that a journalist had in the shower. Research is needed, he says. Tech tycoons would meanwhile【C14】______ that the popularity of mobile devices is attributed to the brilliance of their designs. This is precisely what people whose thought processes have been【C15】______ by an invasive pseudo-organism would believe. 【C16】______, mobile technology causes symptoms less severe than physiological diseases. There are even benefits to【C17】______ sufferers for shortened attention spans and the caffeine overload triggered by visits to Starbucks for the free Wi-Fi. Most importantly, you can 【C18】______ the Financial Times in places as remote as Alaska or Sidcup. In this 【C19】______, a mobile device is closer to a symbiotic organism than a parasite. This would make it【C20】______ to an intestinal bacterium that helps a person to stay alive, rather than a virus that may kill you.1．【C1】A．phenomenonB．epidemicC．issueD．event正确答案：B解析：此处意为“在西方国家的政府担忧埃博拉的威胁之际，一种更为常见但远没那么有害的______ ．正像冬天的轻微感冒一样在人群中传播”。
考研模考英语二试卷及答案解析
考研英语模考试卷Reading ComprehensionRead the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(100points)Text1第1段：The world’s richest1%are on course to control as much as two-thirds of the world’s wealth by2030,according to a shocking analysis.World leaders are being warned that the continued accumulation of wealth at the top will fuel growing distrust and anger over the coming decade unless action is taken to restore the balance.第2段：An alarming projection produced by the House of Commons library suggests that if trends seen since the2008financial crash were to continue,then the top1%will hold64%of the world’s wealth by2030.Since2008,the wealth of the richest1%has been growing at an average of6%a year—much faster than the3%growth in wealth of the remaining99%of the world’s population.Should that continue,the top1%would hold wealth equating to$305tn(£216.5tn)—up from$140tn today.第3段：Analysts suggest wealth has become concentrated at the top because of recent income inequality,higher rates of saving among the wealthy,and the accumulation of assets.The wealthy also invested a large amount of equity in businesses,stocks and other financial assets, which have handed them disproportionate benefits.第4段：A major problem with the influence exerted by the very wealthy leads to falling levels of trust.In a new polling by Opinium,participants were asked to select a group that would have the most power in2030,and most(34%)said the super-rich,while28%opted for national governments.Those surveyed said they feared the consequences of wealth inequality would be rising levels of corruption(41%)or the“super-rich enjoying unfair influence on government policy”(43%).第5段：The research above was commissioned by Liam Byrne,the former Labour cabinet minister,as part of a gathering of MPs,academics,business leaders,trade unions and civil society leaders focused on addressing the problem.第6段：Byrne,who organised the first OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)global parliamentary conference on inclusive growth,cautioned that the already tilted scale of world’s wealth was about to“take its last straw”.“If we don’t take steps to rewritethe rules of how our economies work,then we condemn ourselves to a future that remains unequal for good,”he said.“That’s morally bad,and economically disastrous,risking a new explosion in instability,corruption and poverty.”第7段：Danny Dorling,professor of geography at the University of Oxford,said the scenario in which the super-rich accumulated even more wealth by2030was a realistic one.“Even if the income of the wealthiest people in the world stops rising dramatically in the future,their wealth will continue to grow for one to two more decades”he said.1.According to Paragraph1,what would happen by2030A.World leaders would be relieved of their position.B.Public anger at the wealthiest would be reconciled.C.The richest would pocket over half of the world’s wealth.D.The poor would demonstrate their power through protest.2.It is suggested that the other99%of the world’s population.A.was far more impacted by the2008financial crisis than the richest1%B.could hardly catch up with the other1%in wealth despite moderate growthC.has to double its increase rate in wealth to achieve a proportional distributionD.needs to expand their investment in business and other financial assets3.The results from Opinium’s new polling are mentioned to.A.demonstrate people’s declining faith in government sectorsB.explain the supreme power possessed by the super-richC.express the growing concern over political corruptionD.reveal unfair policy-making in favor of the super-rich4.The expression“take its last straw”is closest in meaning to.A.collapse under the ultimate burdenB.take the last opportunityC.face a demanding challengeplete its final process5.According to Danny Dorling,the current trend of wealth accumulation among the super-rich is.A.dramaticB.questionableC.idealisticD.unstoppableText2第1段：The number of people forced to flee their homes rose to a record high in2017,with 16.2million people newly displaced around the world.The figure includes people who have been displaced for the first time,and those who have been forced from their homes multiple times.第2段：The figure of68.5million displaced people—3million higher than the total population of the UK—includes25.4million refugees,40million internally displaced and3.1 million asylum seekers.The increase came despite the return of more than5million displaced people to their countries of origins.第3段：Despite its large number,displaced population in some sense is not a ubiquitous issue. The annual figures,compiled by the UN refugee agency,UNHCR(United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees),saw five countries accounting for two-thirds of all refugees (excluding those defined as long-term Palestinian refugees):Syria(6.3million);Afghanistan(2.6 million);South Sudan(2.4million);Myanmar(1.2million)and Somalia(986,400).第4段：The new figures emerged after the actor and director Angelina Jolie,a special envoy for the UN agency,warned of a funding shortfall for the agency’s work in Syria—the largest group of displaced.Speaking during a visit to Domiz Camp in Iraq on Sunday,home to33,000refugees displaced by the Syrian war,Jolie told a press conference that the agency’s appeal for Syrian refugees was hugely underfunded even in comparison with last year.第5段：When UNHCR’s Syria response was only50%funded last year,and this year it is only17%funded,there are terrible human consequences.We should be under no illusions about this.When there is even not the bare minimum of aid,refugee families cannot receive adequate medical treatment,women and girls will be left vulnerable to sexual violence,many children cannot go to school,and we squander the opportunity of being able to invest in refugees so that they can acquire new skills and support their families.第6段：The new totals come at the end of a decade of sharply rising numbers of displaced, which have risen inexorably from more than42million in2007to the current total.This means one in every110people in the world is currently displaced,with most of the sharp increase occurring in the last five years.第7段：Although Syria once again dominated the figures,2017was also marked by a significant rise in displaced people from North and Central America,with increasing numbers of people journeying to seek asylum in Mexico and the US,even as Venezuelans continued to flow out to neighbouring countries.The totals also saw the sixth successive year of increases in the number of refugees under UNHCR’s mandate,with a rise of just under3million last year to atotal just short of20million,the highest known total to date.6.The current trend of the number of displaced population is the one of.A.steadinessB.fluctuationC.declineD.upsurge7.By listing figures of the five countries,the author intends to show that.A.Syria has the largest number of refugees among the five countriesB.the other one-third of the refugees can hardly be identifiedC.displaced population concentrates in a few number of countriesD.civil conflicts are most serious in some Middle-east countries8.According to Jolie,the relief work in Syria faces the problem of.A.overpopulation of refugeesB.inadequacy in fundingC.political disagreementD.local disturbances9.Which of the following would happen without even minimum aid?A.Refugees would be deprived of the chance to earn their own living.B.Females would stand at a grave disadvantage against mistreatment.C.Children cannot be admitted to schools opened for non-refugees.D.The spread of epidemic cannot be controlled in refugee camps.10.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A.The Rising Number of Refugees WorldwideB.The Difficulty in Seeking Political AsylumC.The Complete Failure of UNHCR’s MandateD.The Serious Situation of Syrian RefugeesText3第1段：Barely3percent of the American work force bikes or walks to work with any frequency,despite the obvious virtues:decreased risks for obesity and diabetes,environmental benefits and lower transportation costs.Ask people why they“eschew”what’s known as active commuting,however,as many surveys have,and the primary reason cited is time.Those thingstake too long,most say.第2段：They’re probably wrong.A new study published in a journal called “Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”shows that people often overestimate the timerequired to commute actively,a miscalculation especially common when someone has secured a parking permit near the office.第3段：For the study,researchers at Penn State solicited the school’s faculty,staff and students to complete an extensive series of online questionnaires about their fitness,health, commuting and parking habits,comfort and ability on a bike or as pedestrians,distance from home to their main workplace on campus and how long they thought it would take them to either bike or walk that distance.Only a few of the505respondents went by foot or bike;most of them were students.Estimates of commuting times were then compared with the corresponding route times calculated by Google Maps.The researchers independently timed some of the routes by walking or riding them.第4段：The survey participants—faculty and staff members above all—proved to be generally poor at guessing active-commuting times.About90percent of their estimates were too long by at least10minutes.The few assessments close to Google’s were almost always made by riders or walkers.Parking availability and distances affected the estimates.第5段：Those with parking permits,a fiercely sought-after campus amenity,tended to overestimate active-commuting times significantly;the closer someone lived to the workplace,the better the guesses.Confidence had an outsize effect,too.The people surveyed,especially women, who had little bicycling experience or who did not feel physically fit thought that active commuting would require considerably more time than the Google calculations.第6段：The study is limited,of course,because it relies on an insular,self-selected group ofrespondents to provide information about themselves,a topic on which people can be surprisingly unreliable.The published results also did not delve into such pressing active-commuting concerns as hygiene,showers or the logistics of carrying changes of clothes.第7段：“But the study’s results do indicate that time may be less of a barrier to active commuting than many might anticipate,”says Melissa Bopp,an associate professor of kinesiology at Penn State and the study’s senior author.“I’d urge anyone who is considering biking or walking to work to do a test run,”she says,perhaps on a weekend(although the traffic patterns will be different from those during the week).Ask colleagues for route suggestions.“Google is good at finding bike paths,”she says,but it emphasizes brevity and directness over scenery for walkers.11.The word“eschew”(Para.1)most probably means.A.breachB.guardC.acclaimD.avoid12.According to the“Transportmetrica A:Transport Science”,people.A.fail to calculate the active commute time correctlyB.are reduced to finding parking space personallyC.overrate the required time to secure a parking permitD.make an accurate prediction about the time consumed13.Which of the following is true about the survey participants according to Paragraphs4and5?A.Their mathematical ability is inferior to others’.B.The influence of confidence has been overvalued.C.Parking right is a contributing factor to their calculation.D.They feel physically fit by choosing an active commute.14.According to Melissa Bopp,the time consumed in active commuting may.A.be exaggerated partlyB.deserve more attentionC.be estimated continuallyD.need to be strengthened15.Melissa Bopp’s attitude toward working by bike or by foot is.A.indifferentB.supportiveC.indignantD.apprehensiveText4第1段：How effective are antimicrobial“courtesy masks”at preventing the spread of contagious airborne illnesses?The best evidence suggests that,when sick,wearing a mask can help to protect others from getting sick.And when well,wearing a mask around those who are sick will probably decrease your own chances of becoming infected.But the masks are far from foolproof.第2段：Courtesy masks,or what we doctors refer to as medical masks,were introduced into the operating room in the late1800s.They quickly became popular among a public eager to protect itself against the influenza epidemic of1918.A century later,the advent of modern molecular techniques confirmed that medical masks can indeed provide good protection againstflu.第3段：In a2013study,researchers counted the number of virus particles in the air around patients with flu.They found that medical masks decreased the exhalation of large viral droplets 25-fold.The masks were,however,less effective against the fine viral droplets that can remain suspended in the air longer and are therefore more infectious,cutting them by2.8times.第4段：Surgical masks also afford fairly good protection for the worried well.In an oft-cited study of446nurses,researchers found surgical masks were as good,or nearly as good,at protecting the wearer against flu as breathing apparatus,a somewhat more high-tech,masklike device used in hospitals.The work of Australian investigators provides further support for the value of the simple medical mask.They estimate that in a home setting,wearing a surgical mask decreases a well person’s risk of getting sick by60percent to80percent.第5段：However,most people fail to wear a mask faithfully enough to achieve this degree of protection,and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention remains ambiguous about the use of masks outside of health care settings.“No recommendation can be made at this time for mask use in the community by asymptomatic persons,including those at high risk for complications,to prevent exposure to influenza viruses,”the agency concludes on its website,“If you don’t have a mask,or don’t want to wear one,standing at least six feet from an infected person will increase your chances for staying healthy.”第6段：The air surrounding sick people,even if they aren’t coughing or sneezing,is loaded with small infectious particles,and the farther you are from them,the better.Washing your hands frequently,of course,is also critical for staying healthy,since touching infected fingers to the eyes, nose or mouth can transmit infection.16.It can be inferred from Paragraph1that wearing a mask.A.can defend the sick from radiationB.still faces the danger of getting sickC.is of little significance for the healthyD.enjoys a vital position against epidemics17.Modern molecular techniques verified.A.people’s increased awareness of the fluB.their significant impact on medicineC.the reliability of medical masksD.the urgency of fighting against flu18.According to Paragraph4,which of the following is true about masks?A.The effect of masks is no less than that of breathing apparatus.B.Masks can actually assist people with psychological anxiety.C.Masklike-device has gained popularity in hospitals and clinics.D.Australian investigators offer new insights into medical masks.19.In Paragraph5,the author shows his concern that.A.the habit of wearing masks has not yet been cultivatedB.most people didn’t succeed in addressing some problemsC.the agency failed to give some constructive suggestionsD.the use of masks is not generalized in health care settings20.In an environment loaded with infectious particles,people.A.are bound to suffer from coughingB.are suggested to take some precautionsC.are unable to be healthy by any meansD.are supposed to stay away from the sick答案解析：题号：1.【答案】C。
考研英语(二)模拟试卷72(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（二）模拟试卷72(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Wholesale prices in July rose more sharply than expected and at a faster rate than consumer prices,【C1】______that businesses were still protecting consumers 【C2】______the full brunt(冲击)of higher energy costs. The Producer Price Index,【C3】______measures what producers receive for goods and services, 【C4】______1 percent in July, the Labor Department reported yesterday, double【C5】______economists had been expecting and a sharp turnaround from flat prices in June. Excluding【C6】______and energy, the core index of producer prices rose 0.4 percent,【C7】______than the 0. 1 percent that economists had【C8】______. Much of that increase was a result of an【C9】______increase in car and truck prices. On Tuesday, the Labor Department said the【C10】______that consumers paid for goods and services in July were【C11】______0.5 percent over all, and up 0. 1 percent, excluding food and energy. 【C12】______the overall rise in both consumer and producer prices【C13】______caused by energy costs, which increased 4. 4 percent in the month.(Wholesale food prices【C14】______0. 3 percent in July.【C15】______July 2004, wholesale prices were up 4. 6 percent, the core rate【C16】______2. 8 percent, its fastest pace since 1995.) Typically, increases in the Producer Price Index indicate similar changes in the consumer index【C17】______businesses recoup(补偿)higher costs from customers.【C18】______for much of this expansion, which started【C19】______the end of 2001 , that has not been the【C20】______In fact, many businesses like automakers have been aggressively discounting their products.1．【C1】A．indicateB．to indicateC．indicatingD．indicated正确答案：C解析：语法知识。
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, 1 to understand their negative consequences.Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. 2 one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll 3 see how this works with drivers.Watch people get on and show their tickets.Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to 4 that people have paid?Possibly, but very few.And people who run for the bus? They are5.How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is 6.People complained that buses were late and infrequent. 7 the number of buses and bus lanes were increased,and drivers were 8 or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets.But they 9 hit cyclists.If the target was changed to 10,you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing.If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more 11 drivers who obeyed traffic laws.But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another 12:people became immensely inventive n hinting targets.Have you 13 that you can leave on a flight an hour late but stile arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a 14 is meant to take.A one-hour light is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The 15 of the story is simple. Most jobs are muti dimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well 16 others.Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper,but there is a 17. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first.All good targets should have multiple criteria 18 critical factors such as time,money.quality and customer feedback.The trick is not only to 19 just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better 20 the objective.1.[A] therefore [B]however [C] again [D] moreover2.[A] Emphasize [B]Identify [C] Assess [D] Explain3.[A] nearly [B]curio [C] eagerly [D] quickly4.[A] claim [B] prove [C] check [D] recall5.[A] threatened [B] ignored [C] mocked [D] blamed6.[A] punctuality [B] hospitality [C] competition [D] innovation7.[A] Yes [B] So [C] Besides [D] Slit8.[A] hired [B] trained [C] rewarded [D] grouped9.[A] only [B] rather [C] once [D] also10.[A]comfort [B] revenue [C]efficiency [D]security11.[A] fried [B] quiet [C] cautious [D] diligent12. [A] purpose [B] problem [C] prejudice [D] policy13.[A] report [B] revealed [C] admitted [D] noticed14.[A] break [B] trip [C] departure [D] transfer15.[A] moral [B] background [C] style [D] form16.[A] interpret [B] criticize [C] sacrifice [D] tolerate17.[A] task [B] secret [C] product [D] cast18.[A] leading to [B] calling for [C] relating to [D] accounting for19.[A] specify [B]predict [C] restore [D]create20.[A] modify [B] review [C] present [D] achieveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the foll owing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1"Deskilling" is something that sounds like a buzzword but is actually a requirement if we plan to have a future in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind. We know we are moving into a period where the jobs in demand will change rapidly, as will the requirements of the jobs that remain. Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 percent of the "core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline.The question of who should pay for res killing is a thorny one. For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers whose skills are no longer in demand and replace them with those whose skills are. That does not always happen. AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company that decided to do massive res killing program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though, the focus usually turns to government to handle. Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation where we frequently hear of employers begging for workers, even at times and in regions where unemployment is high.With the pandemic, unemployment is very high indeed. In February, at 3.5 United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. As of May, those rates had spiked up to13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent, and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. In the medical field, to take an obvious example, the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel.Of course, it is not like you can take an unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. But even if you cannot close that gap, may be you can close others, and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. That seems to be the case in Sweden: When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff, Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff. The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.21.Research by the World Economic forum suggests_________.A.an urgent demand for new job skillsB.an increase in full-time employmentC.a steady growth of job opportunitiesD.a controversy about the " core skills"22.AT&T is cited to show _________.A.the characteristics of res killing programsB.the importance of staff appraisal standardsC.an immediate need for government supportD.an alternative to the fire-and-hire strategy23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in CanadaA. have driven up labour costsB. have proved to be inconsistentC. have met with fierce oppositionD. have appeared to be insufficient24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there wasA. a call for policy adjustment.B. a change in hiring practices.C.a lack of medical workersD.a sign of economic recovery.25. Scandinavian Airlines decided to_A. Great job vacancies for the unemployed.B.Prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs.C.Retrain their cabin staff for better servicesD.finance their staff′s college educationText 2With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 blini by 2050,and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will bed to nearly double to keep pace,food security is increasingly making headlines. In the UK, it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason: Br exit.Br exit is sen by some as an opportunity to reverse a recent trend towards the UK importing food.The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats,down form almost the-quarters in the late 1980s.A move back to sufficient,the argument goes, would bots the farming industry.political sovereignty and even the nation's health. Sounds great — but how feasible is this vision?According to are port on UK food production from the University of Leeds,UK,85 per cent of the country's total land area disassociated with meat and dairy production. That supplies 80 per cent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldn't allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs.There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave. To become much more self sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively —meaning fewer green fields and more factory-style production.But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on commercial basis.Just 25 per cent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing, most of which is already occupied by arable fields. Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg — which would involve taking out all he nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes — we would achieve only a 30 per centboost in crop production.Just 23 per cent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs. That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake.26.Some people argue that food self sufficiency in the UK would[A] be hindered by its population growth[B] contribute to the nations well-being[C] become a priority of the government[D] post a challenge to its farming industry27.The report by the University of Leeds showed that in the UK[A] farmland has been inefficient[B] factory style production needs reforming[C]most land is used for meat and dairy production[D] more cornfields will be converted for farming28.Crop-growing in the UK is restricted due to_—[A] its farming technology[B] its dietary tradition[C] its natural conditions[D] its commercial interests29.It can bel eared from the last paragraph that British people__[A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce[B]enjoy a steady rise in fruit consumption[C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake[D] are trying to grow new varieties of grains30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is____[A] defensive[B] doubtfu1[C] tolerant[D] optimisticText 3Big Tech's 'buy and kill' tactics come under scrutiny When Microsoft bought task management app W under list an c mobile calendar Sunrise in 2015, it picked up two newcomers that were attracting considerable buzz in Silicon Valley. Microsoft′s owe Office dominates the market for "productivity" software, but the start-ups represented a new wave of technology designed from the ground up for the smart phone world.Both apps, however, were later scrapped, after Microsoft said it has used their best features in its own products. Their teams of engineers stayed on, making them two of the many "Acquit-hires" that the biggest companies have used to feed their insatiable hunger for tech talent.To Microsoft's critics, the fates of W under list and Sunrise are examples of a remorseless drive by Big Tech to chew up any innovative companies that lie in their path. "They bought the seedlings and closed them down," complained Paul Arnold, a partner at San Francisco-based Switch Ventures, putting paid to businesses that might one day turn into competitors. Microsoft declined tc comment.Like other start-up investors,Mr Harold's own business often depends on selling start-ups to larger tech companies, though he admits to mixed feelings about the result: "I think these things are good for me, if I put my selfish hat on. But are they good for the American economy? I don' t know."The US Federal Trade Commission says it wants to find the answer to that question. This week, it asked the five most valuable US tech companies for information about their many small acquisitions oven the past decade. Although only a research project at this stage, there quest has raised the prospect ofregulators wading into early-stage tech markets that until now have been beyond their reach.Given their combined market value of more than $5.5tn, rifling ugh such small deals — many of them much less prominent Thar Wanderlust and Sunrise — might seem beside the point. Between them, the five companies(Apple,Microsoft, Google,Amazon an ace book) have spent an average of only $3.4bn a year on sub-$1br intuitions over the past five years — a drop in the ocean compared with their massive financial reserves, and the more than$130bn of venture capital that was invested in the US last year.However,critics say that the big companies use such deals to buy their most threatening potential competitors before their businesses have a chance to gain momentum, in some cases as part of a "buy and kill" tactic to simply close them down.31.What is true about Wanderlust and Sunrise after their acquisitions?A. Their engineers were retained.B. Their market values declined.C.Their tech features improved.D. Their products were re-priced.32.Microsoft's critics believe that the big tech companies tend to_A. exaggerate their product qualityB.eliminate their potential competitorsC.treat new tech talent unfairlyD.ignore public opinions33.Paula mold is concerned that small acquisitions might_A. weaken big tech companiesB. worsen market competitionC. harm the national economyD. discourage start-up investors34.The US Federal Trade Commission intends to_A. limit Big Tech's expansionB. encourage research collaborationC. examine small acquisitionsD.supervise start-operatives35.For the five biggest tech companies,their small acquisitions haveA. brought tilt financial pressureB.raised few management challengesC.set an example for future dealsD. generated considerable profitsText4We're fairly good a judging people based on frat impressions thin slices of experience ranging from a grim photographs to a five-minute interaction.and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive l none study of the ability she dubbed"thin slicing."the late psychologist Na line Lambada asked participants to watch silentI0-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor' coverall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students' end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1(00) by nines as they watched the clips. occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate,demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing.Critically,another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment. before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Lambada suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues,such as certain gestures or utterances,rather than letting the complex interplay of sublet signals form a holistic impression.She found similarinterference where participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners.Other research shows we' re better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection."It's as if you re driving a stick shift,"says Judith Hall,a psychologist a No rhea stem University,"and if you start thinking about it too much,you can't remember what you're doing.But if you go on automatic pilot, you're fine.Much of our social life is like that."Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College studentships of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with expressionists when the students weren't t asked to analyze their rationale, And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feigns rather than on details but only if the decision was complex-when they had a lot of information to process — Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances.In one study, particle completed a battery of eight tasks.including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules. Comprehending vocabulary)and four that tapped intuition and creativity(generating new products or figures of speech)Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition"gut feelings," hunches,"my heart"),Us of their gut hurt their performance on the fist four tasks,as expected, and helped them on the rest Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head.36.Catalina Milady's study deals with[A] the power of people's memory[B] the reliability of first impressions[C] instructor- student interaction[D] people's ability to influence others37.In Milady's study, rating accuracy dropped when participants_[A] focused on specific details[B] gave the rating in limited time[C] watched shorter video clips[D] discussed with one another38.Judith Hall mentions driving to show that ____.[A] reflection can be distracting[B] memory may be selective[C] social skills must be cultivated[D] deception is difficult to detect39.When you are making complex decisions,it is advisable to_[A] collect enough data[B] list your preferences[C] seek expert advice[D] follow your feelings40.What can agleam form the last paragraph?[A] Generating new products takes time[B] Intuition may affect reflective tasks[C] Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity CATION GROUP[D] Objective thinking may boost intuitivenessPart BDirections:Read the flowing text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do Ned to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)A. Stay calm.B. Stay humble.C. Decide whether to waitD. Be realistic about the risks.E. Don't make judgement.F. Identify a shared goal.G. Ask permission to disagree.How to disagree with someone more powerful than you Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic. What do you see when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.41. CYou may decide it's best to hold off on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first.People can contribute experience or information to your thinking — all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid.It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.42. FBefore you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be the credibility of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. State it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who's trying to advance a common objective. The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match.43. GThis step may sound overly deferential but it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control.You can see something like,"I know we sen to be moving toward a is t quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work. I'd like to layout my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing him to verbally opt in. And,assuming he says yes,it will make you fell more confident about voicing your disagreement.44. AYou might feel your heart racing or your face tuning red,but do whatever you can to remain natural in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance or anxiety, it undercuts the ms sage. It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what signals to read.Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we fell panicky,we tend to talk louder and faster.Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't.45. BEmphasize that you're only offering your opinion,not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion,but it's till an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline,we will never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your opinion(as a position,not as a fact),demonstrate equal curiosity about other views. Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique. Be open to hearing other opinions.Section III Translation46. Directions;Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection. laughter,and warmth. While that may well be-true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and feelings of belonging that we didn't expect.In one series of studies,researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with some one near them.On average,participants who followed this instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence.The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interactions with strangest, it's fen due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of thetime,however, this be lief is false.As it tuns out,many people are actually perfectly willing to talk—and may even be flattered to receive your attention.【参考范文】我们通常认为朋友和家庭成员是我们交流，快乐和温暖的最大源泉。
2023年全国硕士研究生考试考研英语二试题真题(含答案)
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business, and though you’re making a nice __1__, you need to find a way to take it to the next level. What you need to do is __2__ growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus __3___ on finding ways to grow.Let’s look at a real-world __4___. Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the __5___ departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The __6__ was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And __7__ making improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade. Things changed, __8__, when an innovative project-marketing manager came aboard, __9__ a growth team and sparked the kind of __10__ perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the __11__ of upgrades wasn’t due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered. Armed with this __12__, the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently ___13____ the premium version to users of the free version. ____14_____, upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth team to succeed, it needs to have a strong leader. It needs someone who can ___15__ the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will __16__ the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the___17___ of these goals. The growth leader is also __18__ for keeping the team focused on moving forward and steering them clear of distractions. __19__ attractive new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t __20___ the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.[A] purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet2.[A] define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate3.[A] exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially4.[A] experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example5.[A] identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional6.[A] rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem7. [A] despite[B] unlike [C] through [D] besides8. [A] moreover [B] however[C] therefore [D] again9. [A] inspected [B] created[C] expanded [D] reformed10. [A] cultural [B] objective [C] fresh [D] personal11. [A] end [B] burden [C] lack[D] decrease12. [A] policy [B] suggestion [C] purpose [D] insight13. [A] contributing [B] allocating [C] promoting[D] transforming14. [A] as a result[B] at any rate [C] by the way [D] in a sense15. [A] unite[B] finance [C] follow [D] choose16. [A] share [B] identify[C] divide [D] broaden17.[A] announcement [B] assessment [C] adjustment [D]accomplishment18. [A] famous [B] responsible[C] available [D] respective19. [A] before [B] once [C] while[D] unless20. [A] serve[B] limit [C] summarize [D] alterSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by Choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the quest for the perfect lawn, homeowners across the country are taking a shortcut — and it is the environment that is paying the price. About eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but opposition has now spread to the highest gardening circles.The Chelsea Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year’s event, declaring it to be not part of its ethos. The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.Ed Horne, of the RHS, said: “We launched our sustainability strategy last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on plastic. We recommend using real grass because of its environmental benefits, which include supporting wildlife, mitigating flooding and cooling the environment.”The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes. A Twitter account called Shit Lawns, which claims to “cut through the greenwash” of artificial grass, already has more than 20,000 followers. It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. They have gathered 7,260 and 11,272 signatures.However, supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an environmental impact with natural lawns, which need mowing and therefore usually consume electricity or petrol. The industry also points out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water, weed killer or other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their garden more. The industry also claims that people who lay fake grass spend an average of £500 on trees or shrubs for their garden, which provides habitat for insects.In response to another petition last year about banning fake lawns, which gathered 30,000 signatures, the government responded that it has “no plans to ban the use of artificial grass”.It added: “We prefer to help people and organizations make the right choice rather than legislating on such matters. However, the use of artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage, while measures such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass __________.[A] is harmful to the environment[B] is a hot topic in gardening circles[C] is overpraised in the annual show[D] is ruining the view of west London22. The petitions mentioned in para.3 reveal the campaigner's ________.[A] disappointment with the RHS[B] resistance to fake grass use[C] anger over the proposed tax[D] concern above real grass supply23. In para 4, supporters of fake grass point out that_________.[A] the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass[B] the disadvantages of growing real grass[C] the way to take care of artificial lawns[D] the challenges of insect habitat protection24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?[A] urge legislation to restrict its use[B] take measures to guarantee its quality[C] remind its users to obey existing rules[D] replace it with sustainable alternatives25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass ________ .[A] is being improved continuously[B] has been a market share decline[C] is becoming affordable[D] has been a controversial productText 2It’s easy to dismiss as absurd the Trump administration’s ideas for plugging the chronic funding gap of our national parks. Can anyone really think it’s a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park? But the administration is right about one thing: U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than $12 billion. Roads, trails, restrooms, visitor centers and other infrastructure are crumbling.But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be the panacea that the Interior Department’s Outdoor Advisory Committee would have us believe. Campgrounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure backlog, and concessionaires in the parks hand over, on average, only about 5% of their revenues to the National Park Service.Moreover, increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of funding. We conducted a comprehensive survey examining how U.S. residents view their national parks, and we found that Americans place a very high value on them — whether or not they actually visit them. The peer-reviewed economic survey of 700 U.S. taxpayers, conducted by mail and internet, also found that people would be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and their programs are kept intact. Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.The national parks provide great value to U.S. residents both as places to escape and as symbols of nature. On top of this, they produce value from their extensive educational programs, their positive impact on the climate through carbon sequestration, their contribution to our cultural and artistic life, and of course through tourism. The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.The parks do all this on a shoestring. Congress allocates only $3 billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.26. What problem are U.S. national parks faced with?[A] decline of business profits[B] inadequate commercialization[C] lack of transportation services[D] poorly maintained infrastructure27. Increased privatization of the campground may_______?[A] spoil visitor experience[B] help preserve nature[C] bring operational pressure[D] boost visits to parks28. According to para.5, most respondents in the survey would ______?[A] go to the national parks on a regular basis[B] advocate a bigger budget for the national parks[C] pay extra for the national parks[D] support the national parks' recent reforms29. The national parks are valuable in that they________[A] lead the way in tourism[B] have historical significance[C] sponsor research on climate[D] provide an income for locals30. It can be concluded from the text that the national park system _______[A] is able to cope with shortages[B] is able to meet visitors' demand[C] is in need of a new pricing policy[D] is in need of a funding increaseText 3The Internet may be changing merely what we remember, not our capacity to do so, suggests Columbia University psychology professor Betsy Sparrow. In 201, Sparrow led a study in which participants were asked to record 40 facts in a computer ("an ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain, for example). Half of the participants were told the information would be erased, while the other half were told it would be saved. Guess what? The latter group made no effort to recall the information when quizzed on it later, because they knew they could find it on their computers. In the same study, a group was asked to remember their information and the folders it was stored in. They didn't remember their information. But they remembered how to find the folders. In other words, human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," Sparrow says.In a very practical way, the Internet is becoming an external hard drive for our memories, a process known as "cognitive offloading." "Traditionally, this role was fulfilled by data banks, libraries, and other humans. Your father may never remember birthdays because your mother does, for instance. Some worry that this is having a destructive effect on society, but Sparrow sees an upside. Perhaps, she suggests, the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking -something that isnot available on the Internet." I personally have never seen all that much intellectual value in memorizing things," Sparrow says, adding that we haven't lost our ability to do it.Still, other experts say it's too soon to understand how the Internet affects our brains. There is no experimental evidence showing that it interferes with our ability to focus, for instance, wrote psychologists Christopher Chabris and Daniel Simons. And surfing the web exercised the brain more than reading did among computer-save older adults in a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs, observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm:'It seems pretty clear that memory is changing, but is it changing for the better? At this point, we don't know.31.Sparrow's study shows that with the Internet, the human brain will ________[A] analyze information in detail[B] collect information efficiently[C] switch its focus of memory[D] extend its memory duration32.The process of "cognitive offloading"________[A] helps us identify false information[B] keeps our memory from failing[C] enables us to classify trivial facts[D] lessens our memory burdens33.Which of the following would Sparrow support about the Internet?[A] It may reform our way of learning[B] It may impact our society negatively[C] It may enhance our adaptability to technology[D] It may interfere with our conceptual thinking34. It is indicated in Para 3 that how the Internet affects our brains?[A] requires further academic research[B] is most studies in older adults[C] is reflected in our reading speed[D] depends on our web-surfing habits35. Neither Sparrow nor Storm would agree that ________[A] our reliance on the Internet will be costly[B] the Internet is weakening our memory[C] memory exercise is a must for our brain[D] our ability to focus decline with ageText 4Teenagers are paradoxical. That's a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. Accidental deaths go up dramatically in adolescence.A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of Leiden and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policymakers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.The researchers studied “prosocial” and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late. Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call “reward sensitivity.”Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. “Reward sensitivity” measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to ______[A] develop opposite personality traits[B] see the world in an unreasonable way[C] have fond memories of the past[D] show attention for their parents37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Crone's study[A] explores teenagers' social resposibilities[B] examines teenagers' emotional problems[C] provides a new insight into adolescence[D] highlight negative adolescent behaviour38.What does Crone's study find about prosocial behavior?[A] It results from the wish to cooperate[B] It is cultivated through education[C] It is subject to family influence[D] It tends to peak in adolescence39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers ______[A] overstress their influence on others[B] care a lot about social recognition[C] become anxious about their future[D] endeavor to live a joyful life40. What is the text mainly about?[A] why teenagers are self-contradictory[B] why teenagers are risk-sensitive[C] How teenagers develop prosociality[D] How teenagers become independentPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions soaringNew building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, productsand systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows, doors and rooflights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work. Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association. How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around £3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says. However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Andrew Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”[A] The rise of home prices is a temporarymatter.41.Brian Berry [B] Builders possibly need to submit newestimates of their projects.42.Gareth Belsham [C] There will be specific limits on homeextensions to prevent heat loss43.Marcus Jefford [D] The new rules will take home price to aneven higher lever.44.John Kelly [E] Many people feel that home prices arealready beyond what they can afford45.Andrew Mellor [F] The new rules will affect people whosehome extensions include new windows ordoors.[G] The rule changes will benefit homeownerseventually.【参考答案】41.D42.F43.B44.A45.GSection III Translation46. Directions:Translate following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make them see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really cometo life when they are recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.【参考译文】18世纪晚期，威廉·华兹华斯因其关于自然的诗歌而闻名。
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析(word版)(7)
考研英语模拟试题二及答案解析（word版）(7)Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions：You are going to write a letter to your university newspaper editor. And your letter should include the following points.1) Introduce the activities of volunteers in your university，2) State its importance，3) Your own practice?You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52.The Widening of College EnrollmentDirections：Study the following graphs and write an essay in 160—200 words?Your essay must cover these three points?1)Effect of the country's rapid growth of GDP on its higher education，2)Possible reason for the effect，3)Your prediction of the tendency of the development of China's higher education?Chart I Grouth of GDP(in billion yuan)Chart 2 Students Studying at College(in million)Chart 3 College Enrollment (in million)答案解析:Section I Use of English1.「答案」 D「解析」此题考查词汇知识。
2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】全
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
考研英语二试题整理及答案
考研英语二试题整理及答案模拟试题：考研英语二Part I Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. Answer the questions by choosing the best option from the four choices given.Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged. The accessibility and flexibility of online courses have attracted millions of students worldwide. However, the debate over the effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom instruction continues to be a topic of discussion.21. What is the main reason for the rise in onlineeducation's popularity?A) Lower costsB) Accessibility and flexibilityC) Greater variety of coursesD) Higher completion rates22. What is the ongoing debate about online learning?A) Its accessibilityB) Its effectivenessC) Its affordabilityD) Its scalabilitySection BDirections: The following paragraphs have had their order jumbled. Arrange the sentences in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph.[ ] Studies have shown that people who learn a second language in their childhood are better equipped to understand complex ideas.[ ] Moreover, knowing a second language can improve cognitive abilities and delay the onset of diseases like Alzheimer's. [ ] Learning a new language is not just about communication; it has profound effects on the brain.[ ] In fact, bilingual individuals tend to have better problem-solving skills.[ ] This is because the brain has to work harder to switch between languages, which strengthens neural connections.Answers:21. B) Accessibility and flexibility22. B) Its effectivenessParagraph Order:3 - 5 - 1 -4 - 2Part II Writing (写作)Task: Write an essay of about 150 words on the topic "TheRole of Technology in Education."In your essay, you should:1. Describe the impact of technology on education.2. Discuss the benefits and challenges of integrating technology into the classroom.3. Give your opinion on whether technology enhances orhinders the learning process.Model Answer:The advent of technology has revolutionized the field of education, bringing about significant changes in the way education is delivered and received. With the integration of technology in the classroom, students now have access to a wealth of information at their fingertips, and teachers can employ various tools to facilitate learning.One of the most notable benefits of technology in educationis the enhancement of interactive learning. Through the useof multimedia presentations, educational apps, and online collaboration platforms, students can engage with thematerial in a more dynamic and personalized manner. This not only caters to different learning styles but also promotes a more inclusive learning environment.However, the integration of technology also presents challenges. There is the issue of the digital divide, wherenot all students have equal access to technological resources. Additionally, there is the concern over the potential fordistraction, as the same devices that can be used forlearning can also provide access to entertainment and social media.In my opinion, the benefits of technology in education far outweigh the challenges. While it is crucial to addressissues of accessibility and to establish guidelines for use, technology has the potential to greatly enhance the learning process. It can make education more engaging, efficient, and effective, ultimately preparing students for a future where technological literacy is increasingly important.Part III Use of English (英语知识运用)Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in parentheses.Despite the challenges, many educators believe thattechnology can be a powerful tool in the classroom. It canhelp to (1) personalize (personalize) learning, allowing students to progress at their own pace. Moreover, technology can (2) facilitate (facilitate) the sharing of knowledge and resources among students, (3) encouraging (encourage) collaborative work. However, it is important that teachers (4) are (be) well-trained to use technology effectively and that they (5) provide (provide) guidance on how to use these tools responsibly.Answers:1. personalize2. facilitate3. encouraging4. are5. provideThis mock test is designed to simulate the structure and style of the actual exam, covering various sections such as reading comprehension, writing, and use of English. It is important for test-takers to practice with such simulations to familiarize themselves with the exam format and improve their test-taking skills.。
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A.alike
B.alongside
C.aside
D.besides
第2题
A.conflicting
B.worrying
C.revealing
D.appealing
第3题
A.accordingly
B.indeed
C.hence
D.nevertheless
第4题
A.resides with
B.rests with
Do people get happier or more foul-tempered as they age? Stereotypes of irritable neighbors__1__, scientists have been trying to answer this question for decades, and the results have been__2__Now a study of several thousand Americans born between 1885 and 1980 reveals that well-being__3__increases with age—but overall happiness__4__when a person was born.
C.depends on
D.reckons on
第5题
A.Following
B.Preceding
C.Previous
ter
第6题
A.matched
B.related
pared
D.associated
第7题
A.derive
B.discern
C.discover
D.detect
第8题
C.boost
D.delay
第19题
A.good
B.surprising
C.bad
test
第20题
A.while
B.though
C.no matter what
D.no matter how
考研英语二模拟试题及答案解析（7）
(1~20/共20题)SectionⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
__5__studies that have__6__older adults with the middle-aged and young have sometimes found that older adults are not as happy. But these studies could not__7__whether their__8__was because of their age or because of their__9__life experience. The new study, published online January 24 in Psychological Science ,__10__out the answer by examining 30 years of data on thousands of Americans, including__11__measures of mood and well-being, reports of job and relationship success, and objective measures of heychological
第12题
A.instead of
B.along with
C.such as
D.apart from
第13题
A.Thus
B.Even
C.Then
D.But
第14题
A.start up
B.start off
C.start over
D.start on
第15题
borious
fortable
C.insecure
D.meaningful
第16题
A.explain
B.estimate
C.establish
D.exhibit
第17题
A.expands
B.emerges
C.matters
D.recurs
第18题
A.enrich
B.influence
The researchers found, after controlling for variables__12__health, wealth, gender, ethnicity and education, that well-being increases over everyone´s lifetime.__13__people who have lived through extreme hardship, such as the Great Depression,__14__much less happy than those who have had more__15__lives. This finding helps to__16__why past studies have found conflicting results—experience__17__, and tough times can__18__an entire generation´s happiness for the rest of their lives. The__19__news is,__20__we´ve lived through, we can all look forward to feeling more content as we age.
A.discontent
B.unwillingness
C.incompetence
D.precariousness
第9题
A.limited
B.abundant
mon
D.different
第10题
A.ruled
B.teased
C.left
D.marked
第11题
A.biological
B.medical