托福独立写作的Transitional Words列表
Transition words list
List of Transitional Words WritingTransitions signalling additionequally important likewise alsobesides by the same token andtoo similarly againwhat is more as well as at the same timein addition further moreover Transitions signalling timeafter; after a while earlier thereafter next afterward before until thenas long as in the past in the future meanwhile as soon as lately ultimately at length at last; finally presently first; first of all later formerly shortly second; secondly now since so far while in turn subsequently simultaneously in the meantimeTransitions signalling comparisonsimilarly likewise alsoat the same time in the same way in comparisonby the same token in turn in a like manner Transitions signalling contrastbut at the same time regardless in contrastdespite though converselyeven so nonetheless notwithstandingeven though nevertheless for all thaton the other hand however butin spite of yet whereason the contrary stillTransitions signalling cause or effectfor this purpose consequently thereforesince as a consequence hencethen so thusto this end as a result in shortwith this object thereuponbecause accordinglyTransitions signalling examplesuch as for instancein particular an illustration ofto demonstrate to illustrateeven namelyspecificallyTransitions signalling explanationindeed in other words put another way in fact simply stated that is Transitions signalling concessionafter all of courseat the same time actuallyeven thoughTransitions signalling directionabove / over there opposite to below / beneath to the east nearby elsewhere around to the left farther on beyond adjacent toon the other side next to where Transitions signalling summary or conclusionin essence in conclusion in brief altogether in closing to concludeas has been said in summary in retrospectas has been indicated to summarize in other words to sum up in simpler terms all in allon the wholeTransitions signalling summary or conclusionin essence in conclusion in brief altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other wordsto sum up in simpler terms all in allon the wholeTransitions signalling contrastbut at the same time regardless in contrast despite though conversely even so nonetheless notwithstanding even though nevertheless for all thaton the other hand however butin spite of yet whereason the contrary stillTransitions signalling cause or effectfor this purpose consequently therefore since as a consequence hencethen so thusto this end as a result in short with this object thereuponbecause accordinglyTransitions signalling examplesuch as for instancein particular an illustration ofto demonstrate to illustrateeven namelyspecificallyTransitions signalling explanationindeed in other words put another wayin fact simply stated that is Transitions signalling concessionafter all of courseat the same time actuallyeven thoughTransitions signalling directionabove / over there opposite to below / beneath to the east nearby elsewhere around to the leftfarther on beyond adjacent toon the other side next to where Transitions signalling summary or conclusionin essence in conclusion in brief altogether in closing to concludeas has been said in summary in retrospectas has been indicated to summarize in other wordsto sum up in simpler terms all in allon the wholeTransitions signalling summary or conclusionin essence in conclusion in brief altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other words to sum up in simpler terms all in allon the whole。
transitionwords英文写作中的过渡词
Transition words•Chro nological Relatio nsnow, no wadays;whe n, before, after, while, duri ng;between…and …;in …(year); since …;later, afterwards, earlier, formerly; from then on;at the turn of the century (decade); in the first half of the century;in the 1990s;at birth, in childhood, in infancy, in adolesce nee, as an adult, inadulthood, in old age, at death; simultaneously, simultaneous with, atthe sametime as, the former, the latter, previous, previously, prior to, first, sec ond;in the first place, in the sec ond place;to beg in with, n ext, the n, subseque ntly, in the n ext place;in con clusi on, fin ally, lastly, in the end•Process Descripti onsfirst(ly), the n, on ce, n ext, un til, as soon as, lastly, as, atthis point, before, while, at the same time, after, whe n•Spatial Relatio nships1) where; 2) in which, to which, from which; 3) un der, over, in side, beside, on top of; 4) along, through, as far as; 5)north, northern, south, southern;6) to the left, to the right, to the n orth; 7) at the back, in front, atthe middle;• Givi ng Specific Details• Making Comparis on and Con trast• Discuss ing Cause and EffectMake …possible; make it possible/impossible for …to do。
托福口语考试信号词的分类(Transitions, Signal Words and Phrases)
Examples:
She is not only the boss’ daughter but also the company vice-president.
I would like to see you tomorrow, and also the next day.
We could sell the car, besides, I don’t use it much.
托福口语考试信号词的分类
Relationship
Transitional Words & Phrases
1. To give an opinion
In my opinion, In my view,
I would like to…, I think…is better for…
2. To Prove / To give reasons
So that…, so…
3. To add an idea: addition
Not only…, but (also)…,Not merely…
Also,…as well,in addition to…, besides, besides this/that, equally important, further, furthermore, nor, what’s more, moreover
Meanwhile,while, by then
And, again, after,then, next, lastly, still too, and so forth, afterward, subsequently, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently
Toefl Words Integrated
pertain to(有关) vase（花瓶）obstruct（妨碍）distribution（分布）stretcher s（绷画布的框子）canvas（油画布）taut（拉紧的）deteriorate （弄坏）intrude（把观点加于他人）aesthetic（艺术的）porpoise s（海豚）affinities（亲密关系）otter s（水獭）pinniped s（鳍足动物）limb s （肢）transitional（过渡产物）embed ded（埋进，嵌入）skull（头骨）, bred（生育breed）vestigial（发育不全的）locomotion（移动）vegetation（植被）deterioration（变质，恶化）margin s（边缘）devoid（缺少）susceptible （易受……影响）trampling（踩踏）pulverization（粉碎）rigorously（严峻的）projected(投影) parlor（客厅）arcade s（拱廊）makeshift（暂时的）spectacle s（表演，场面）vaudeville（轻喜剧）minstrel（音乐家）spectator s（观众）manipulation（操作）strip s（长条）celluloid（〔美俚〕电影(胶片)）minuscule（极小的）inborn（天生的）offshoot（分支）outwit（哄骗）gratify（使满足）repress（抑制）steam（怒气）analogy（比拟学）Cognitive（有认识力的）distort（歪曲，扭曲）purging(变清净)apprentice s(学徒) craftsmanship（工匠）necessitate d（使……成为必需）regiment ed （有组织的）discard（放弃）alert（机警的）momentum（势头，契机）spearhead ed（带领，当……的先锋）courtship（求偶）hydrodynamic（流体动力学）sleek（光滑的）compact（结实的）flush with（同高的）protrude（使突出）slick（光滑的）fin s（鳍）stiff（僵直的）contour s （轮廓）retract（缩回）gear（齿轮）sophisticated（尖端的）supersonic（超音速的）keel s（龙骨脊）coarse（粗糙的）buoyant（会浮的）.slits（裂缝）thrust（猛推）glide（滑行）propulsion（推进）aristocrat s(贵族)manipulate d （操纵）sap ped（削弱）speculation（投机）agrarian（农业的）humanitarian（人道主义者）disproportionate（不匀称的）surpluse s（剩余）alienated （脱离）semisubsistence（半生存）languishing（日渐衰弱的）despondent（垂头丧气的）hostile（有敌意的）concur with（同意）hypothesis（前提；假说）arousal（激励；觉醒）stiffen ing（使紧绷）terrain(岩层)epitome（缩影）plateau(高原).margin s(边缘)fracture(使破裂，使折断) seeps(漏出) debris(碎片，岩屑) splitting(裂开) meteoric（大气的）soak ed（浸，弄湿）pebbles（细砂）unconsolidated（不坚固的）gravel（砂石）laden（装着货的）fanwise（呈扇形的）pores（细孔）plugged（塞子）cementing（胶状）percolating（滤过）solidified（使凝固，使结晶）permeability（透出量，渗透性）cavities（穴）crevices（裂缝）clinging（贴着）champion ed(主张)perceived（领悟）attributes（归因于）sophisticated（非自然的；富有经验的；复杂的；理智上吸引人的）modify（变更，调节）elaborated（详尽阐述）pantomime （哑剧表演，手势）impersonation（扮演）virtuosity（艺术上的熟练技巧）antecedents（先例）ritual（仪式）objectify（体现）penchant（倾向，嗜好）detached （分开）deviations（脱离）velocity(迅速)smother（使窒息）avalanches（雪崩）creep（蔓延）seedlings（种子繁殖）deformed（使变形，使畸形）ultraviolet（紫外的）elevation（上升）browsing（吃嫩枝的）grazing（放牧的）buds（幼芽）alpine（高山的）tundra（冻原）mosses（苔藓）lichens（地衣）prostrate（平卧的）rigors（冷颤）equatorial（赤道的）prevalent（流行的，广布的）.instinctively（直觉的）plumbing（抽水马桶，管道铺设）arduous（艰巨的）beams（梁、桁条）divert(使挪向) borne（忍受）ensuing（随即而来的）geometric（几何图形的）unprecedented（史无前例的）replenish（再装满）grandiose（宏大的）strains（变种）climax（顶点，高潮，演替顶级）cumulative（累加的）niche（环节）vacated（使空缺）intact（完整无损的）.metabolism(新陈代谢) squander（挥霍；浪费）allocate（分配；配置）hollow（中空的）rigidity（强度）dispersal（扩散）prolifically（多子的）termed（有条件的）compensate（补偿）adversely（不利的）soaring（高飞的，翱翔的）plummeting（骤然跌落）canopy（天蓬）foul（有恶臭的）renders（给予；报复）mechanism（机械系统）longevity （长寿）continuum（连续统一体）blend（混合）ground（成为……的基础；研磨）smeared（涂上）pigment（颜料）recesses（隐居处）cramped（受拘束的）obliterating（擦去）realm（领域；王国）clan（氏族）. substantiate（证实）indecipherable（难懂的）crudely （赤裸的）elongated（拉长）rigid（僵直的）prone（向前弯曲的）Advocates（拥护）trance （灵魂出窍）Uniformly（一样的）lend credence to（相信）mystique（神秘性）utility（多种用途的）dwarfed（相形见绌）electrocuted（触电致死）marshy（沼泽似的）meadow（草原）hibernating（冬眠）bemoaned（惋惜）succulent（有活力的）fort（要塞）picturesquely（似画的）extermination （灭绝）boded（预兆）worsening（使更坏）plight（处境）encroached（侵入）insured（保证）beads（有孔小珠）crude（天然的）slabs（平板）inhabited（有人居住的）backdrops（幕布）sought（seek过去式）confined（受约束的）shafts（杆子）notation（符号）, engraved（刻上）fertility（繁殖力）.Permanent（永久的）dismantled（可拆除）spouts（喷出）Spillage（溢出）subside（下沉）meteorites(陨石) hazard（灾难）enveloped（笼罩）diluted（冲淡）terrestrial（地球上的）crater（陨石坑）Presumably（大概）tentatively（尝试着）dramatic（引人注目的）cosmic（宇宙的）gallery（走廊）ion s（离子）notoriously（臭名昭著的）deficient（缺乏的）serpentine（蛇纹岩）phosphorus（磷）slender（细长的）petioles（叶柄）stunted（阻碍……的发育）hydroponically（溶液培养的）suspended（吊起，悬挂）misted（用雾环绕）sodium chloride（氯化钠）mercury（汞）microbial（微生物的）pathogens（病原体）.runoff（排放）remediation（补救）devised（创造）deprecated（反对）domesticated（驯养的；引入的）inventory（清单）prerequisites（前提；必要条件）outrigger （装有舷外铁架的划子）marooned（使孤立）feat（功绩）undisputed（无疑的）rafting（木排）diversification（多样化）detritus（碎岩）harnessing(装备，利用) textile（纺织品）piston（活塞）embodied（使具体化）stroke（strike的过去式；敲打）rotary（旋转的）illumination（照明）millennium（一千年）rivaled（匹敌）flickering（闪烁的）furnaces （极热的地方）bellows（咆哮）hauled（牵）puffing（吹气）rudimentary（基本的，初步的）roamed（游荡）apprenticed（使做学徒）parish（教区）proceeded（动手，着手）locomotive（火车头）breadth（宽度）strata（stratum的复数，层）outcrops（露出地面的岩层）valid（有效的）hospitalized（被送进医院）sibling’s（兄弟姐妹的）sheer（纯粹的）encode（译码）Conversely（相反的）oceanographic(海洋地理学) invertebrate（无脊骨的）gypsum（石膏）peculiarities（特质）silt（泥沙）.evaporate（使除去水分）extermination（灭绝）calcium sulfate（硫酸钙）precipitated （把……摔倒下去）plastically（可塑的，柔软的）deluge（泛滥）spectacularly（壮观的）Turbulent （激流的）gravel（砂石）cohesiveness（黏附性）cement（水泥）monolithic（铁板一块的）entity（统一体）garrisons （守备队）utterly（完全地）stark（严格的）worshippers（崇拜者）predisposed（使先倾向于）subtlety（巧妙）novelty（新颖）disdain （鄙视）epistle（书信）caliber（才能）traverse（横越）cavalry（骑兵）metallurgy（冶金）ingenious（机灵的，巧妙的）furnaces（熔炉）ore（矿）desiccation（枯竭）tremendous（巨大的）obsidian（黑曜岩）pinpoint（准确指出）shrine （圣地）circumstantially（按照情况地）implicated（影响；缠绕）commodity（商品）exotic （外来的）prosperous（繁荣的）necessitate（使……成为必需）coerce（强迫）demise（让位）tectonics（构造地质学）frigid（寒冷的；生硬的）retreated（后退）metallic（金属的）preferentially（优先地）incorporated（合并）photosynthesis（光合作用）episodes（【地质学】幕）eradicated（根除）merge（吞并；融合）equatorial（赤道的）draining（放干，排泄）rim（水平线）Proponents（支持者）terraced（梯田状的）receded（后退）detractors（反对者）inconclusive（不确定的）permafrost（永久冻土）craft(技巧) corridor（走廊；通道）crumble （破碎）submerged（把……放在水中）refuges（避难所）deglaciation（冰川的消失）inhospitable （不友好的，不适合居住的）impetus（动力，促进）paucity(缺乏)drawn（被吸引的）sound （完好的）utilitarian（功利的）revise（修正）compelling（不可或缺的）inhibitions（抑制）vulnerability（易受伤）drenching(使湿透) Spores（孢子）breezes（微风）toehold（立足点）flora（植物群）molecules （分子）decomposition（分解）molten（melt的过去分词）propagate（增殖）afield（在野外）sheer （完全的）vegetation（发育）gossamer（薄纱）cultivation（耕种）reclamation（开垦）spectacular（壮观的；引人注意的）surplus（剩余）textile（纺织品）utilized（利用）ravages（破坏）scant（缺乏的）remuneration（报酬）meager（贫弱的）smelting（熔炼）marshaling（安排整顿）medieval（中世纪的=mediaeval）guilders（行会人员）infusion （灌入）invoked（恳求；行使）calcite（方解石）regimes（制度；方法；状态）constitutes（构成）intervention（介入）secular（世俗的）contexts（场合）imperial（帝国的）lyrical（抒情的）manganese（锰）. Cobalt （钴）ores（矿）notably（值得注意的）spouts（喷出）intrinsic（内在的）motifs（主题）embraces （拥抱）delineated（描写）glazed（上釉的，上光的）utilitarian（功利的）porcelain(瓷器) ceramics （陶瓷学）mainstay（支柱）tutelage（保护）blurred（污损）kinship（亲属关系）mutual（相互的；共有的）repudiate （不承认）ideologically（意识形态上）egalitarian（平等主义）shepherds（牧羊人）confederacies （联盟）mercantile（商人的）stance（姿势）aristocratic（贵族的）entrepreneurial（企业家的）pastoralists（隐退田园生活的人）pastures（牧场）populous（人口稠密的）monetary （货币的）prowl（在……徘徊）Peripheral（周围的）monumental（纪念的）anomalies（反常）isotopes（同位素）residual（残余的）postulated （主张）hub（中心）elliptical（椭圆的）correlation（相关性）meager（瘦的）primordial（原始的）distrusted(猜疑) irresistible（不可抗拒的）in the context of（在这种场合下）immensity（巨大；immense的名词）commodities（商品）manufacture（生产）bulk（大批量）oars（划手）hulls（外壳；【航海】船体）masts（桅）lateen（三角帆的）maneuver（调度）astrolabe（星盘）obliterated（使消失）protocols（草案）indistinct（模糊的，不确定的）conspicuous（显著的）dull（暗淡的；迟钝的）riot（骚动；奔放）carnival（嘉年华）canopy（树冠）scrublands（灌木丛林地）plumage（羽毛）courtship（求偶）inflating （使膨胀）sacs（囊）pendulous（下垂的）apparatus（器官；设备；机关；注释）repel （击退）unmistakable（不会弄错的）simultaneously（同时发生的）parasitism（寄生）, commensalism（共生）mutualism（互利共生）perished（消亡）flushed（奔流）enzymes（酶）catalysts（催化剂）dispersed（分散的）thorns（壳针）secreted（隐藏）leaflets（嫩叶）clip（减去）evaporation（蒸发作用）ram gauges（活塞计量）annum（【拉丁语】年）rib（肋骨）overriding（蹂躏）cessation （停止）waxes and wanes（原指月有阴晴圆缺；逐渐变化）tales（总计）inhaling（吸入）congestion（充血；拥挤，过剩）reflexive（反身的）irritants （刺激物）fling off（扔，抛）fling into（关进）communal（群居的）canyons（峡谷）traumatic（有外伤的）autonomy（自治）aggregated （集合）chore（做短工）hygienic（卫生的）domestic（自己制造的）arable（适于耕作的）intensifying（使加强）infringing（侵犯）pottery（陶器类）patchy（不调和的）precipitation（降雨量）sparsely （稀少的）。
托福的独立写作
托福的独立写作一、评分准则1、development of the topic2、organization and supporting details3、coherence and transition words4、language use二、作文题目的类型1、A or B2、compare/ contrast advantage and disadvantage3、agree or disagree4、multiple choice; why, how, what, if三、作文所涉及的题材1、教育2、社会3、日常生活四、中国学生的问题（1）没有一个规范的结构（2）遗漏了题目中的问题，或对问题没有认真的分析（跑题）（3）没有进行深层次的解释（无话可写）（4）不会用英文表达（语言和结构错误）（5）没做好段落内和段落间的衔接附：常见衔接词1.增补(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3.对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless,unlike, even though, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as aresult(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is,namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of启A proverb says...... At present.......As the proverb says.... Currently.....Generally speaking, .... Now,....In general, ..... On the Whole....It is clear that.... Recently.....It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......承First(of all), ......Moreover, .........Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....In the first place, ......... Obviously.....To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,.........At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......In addition,..... What`smore, ..........In fact........ It can be easily proved that...Meanwhile......转But... Still, ......But the problem is not so simple...There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.......However, ....... To our surprise,..........Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......On the other hand, .......Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....合Above all, In brief, ........Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........All in all, .......In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........As a consequence, ......... In short, .........As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........Presumably, .......Eventually, .........To conclude, ......Finally, ........To sum up, ..... In a word, ......To summarize, ........五、语言的基础（怎么写句子）写作的句子一、英文中句子的概念及类别A、简单句（带with 引导的伴随状语）With 后面接复合宾语的结构，在句子中做状语（1）with+名词+形容词或副词He used to sleep with all windows openDon’t talk with your mouth fullWith Carmen away, we’ve got more room.(2) with +名词+介词短语With make—up on her face, she looks as if she were a princess(3) with+名词+分词She ran into the room with her face covered with tears.She was wearing an evening dress, with her hands resting on her hips.B、并列句C、从句D、复合句二、从句A、主语从句（It 引导的主语从句）(1)it is + adj + thatit is impossible that it is evident that it is necessary that it is natural thatit is good that it is true that it is likely that it is doubtful that it is satisfactory thatit is essential that (……是必不可少的) it is conceivable that （……..是可以想象的） it is notable that it is certain that it is reasonable that it is inappropriate that（2）it + 不及物动词+ thatit seems that it sounds that it happens that (恰好) it turns out that （结果是） it follows that （由此可见）it may be that it stands to reason that ……是有道理的（3）it is +名词+thatit is a fact that it is no wonder that (……难怪) it is a good thing that it is a pity thatit is no use that it is no harm/good that it is a common knowledge that （众所周知）（4）it is + 动词的过去分词+thatit is said that it is known that it is thought that it is believed that it is accepted thatit is found that it is reported that it is understood that (不用说) it is pointed out thatit is proposed that it is declared that it is estimated that it is claimed thatit is stressed thatit is expected that it is predicted that it is hoped that it has been illustrated that it has been objected that it can be seen that it must be admitted that it cannot be denied thatB、宾语从句C、定语从句 (关系词)D、状语从句（状语从句的连词）（1）时间every time hardly……when……no sooner…….than…… the moment(2) 原因 since as for(3) 条件if so ( as ) long as unless(4) 比较 as if(5) 目的 so that in order that lest we must be hurry lest we should miss the bus(6) 结果（7）让步 though although even ifdespite in spite of as now that whatever no matter howAs far asE、同位语从句三、倒装句Not in the least is he interested in dance.Not for an instant did I believe he had lied.In no sense is he a gentlemanOn no account must you leave me alone In no case by no means on no condition 四、强调句It is…….that……It is not until非谓语结构动名词现在分词过去分词不定式六、如何写作1、写开头开头包括（写作意图、背景简介、观点的总概），开头不要太长，总的来说开头要“开门见山），不要太多细节，不要重复题目1、question +answer + positionwhy, you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because…….Why dose the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest.2、stating conflict views + positionI am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn’t know from the concrete examples that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.Walking for walking’s sake may be as highly laudable and exemplary a thing as it is held to be by those who practice it. My objection to it is that it stops the brain.3、Background description + position （最常用型）When it comes to ..., some think ...There is a public debate today that ...A is a common way of ..., but is it a wise one? Recently the problem has been brought intofocus that……..As the development of science and technology accelerates……….The ever—changing society creates opportunities for young fliers to change their jobs constantly.Sports enrich students’campus life and energize their physiques. Faced with immense pressure from work and study, more and more people begin to realize the importance of physical training. However,………..4、Quotation + positionWhere there is a will there is the way.5 Road map: hints (常用于why型)Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker开头的模版A or BSome people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, contradict A. personally, I would prefer ( ) because I think ( ) has more advantages.As students, we always face the circumstances: A or B. There are advantages and disadvantages on both sides. According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer ( )rather than ( ).COMPARE & CONTRASTSome people believe that ( ).other people take the view that ( ). While both methods may have their merits and demerits, they can be applied under different circumstances. Afterwards, I will explain my opinion.I completely disagree with this statement thatchoosing A has more advantages than choosing B. and I would like to present two explanations to confirm you that I am right.AGREE or DISAGREEThis problem is much debated one in that it affects everybody in their daily lives. People may prefer one to another, although some have no opinion about it. But if I am concerned, I can only disagree with the title statement and the reasons are given below.I do strongly support the idea that ( ). I support with the following reasons.CHOICE & EXPLANATIONHow to do ( )? Whether the traditional methods such as A , B and so on or the modern methods like C and D. which you prefer depends on your own experience, life style and emotional concern. I prefer ( ) most in my point of view. There are three advantages of Cas follows.2、写主体段（一般三个段落）段落的构成：主题句（topic sentence）和支持句(supporting sentences),其中支持句的的来源可以是：事例、假设、解释、名人名言、谚语、数据。
托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词总结
托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词总结在托福写作备考的过程中，我们通常都是会比较关注一些词汇和句型的时候，而在这其中，往往都是会对连接词有了一些疏忽，而通常这些词也是我们得分点。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就整理一下在托福写作中常用的一些连接词给大家，希望能为同学们的备考带来帮助。
托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词汇总1.增补(Addition) >in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what is more, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison) >in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3.对照(contrast) >whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, unlike, on the contrary, while4.转折性过度 >however, nevertheless, instead5.因果(Cause and effect) >because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), accordingly, hence, so, thus6.强调(Emphasis) >certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important7.让步(Concession) >although, though, after all, in spite of, still, provided, while it is true....8.例证(Exemplification) >for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in >this case9.总结(Conclusion) >to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary10.推断(Inference) >therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise11.时间和空间(Time and space) >afterward, after, first, later,then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, >below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of托福写作题目：老师很难既受欢迎又有效教学题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (well-liked) and effective in helping students to learn.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.托福写作范文：老师很难既受欢迎又有效教学篇1It is very difficult for a popular teacher to really help the students learn to the best of their abilities. Popular teachers are more concerned about their image than about pushing students to do their best. As a result, popular teachers are often too easily distracted from the class content, they make the class too easy, and they focus on the students that respond best.Popular teachers are invariably very social. They try to show that they are interested and involved in the students’ world by discussing sports, television shows, and other things which are not related to the subject. Although such conversation may be fun for the students, it leaves less time to cover class material. I had a teacher once who was so talkative that he only completed half of the topics on the syllabus. The students like myself who were interested in learning the material had to read the second half of the textbook on our own. Sharing funny anecdotes about his weekend activities, that professor did not effectively teach what needed to be covered.Another potential problem with popular teachers is the desire to give good grades. If a teacher fails a student, the student invariably is not happy. Therefore, popular teachers often make tests very easy so that students can get high scores. Thismay satisfy students who don’t care about mastering a subject, but the top students are not challenged or pushed to study and reach a higher level of understanding. Giving everyone good grades does not make the class better; itkeeps the stronger students from testing their limits.Finally, popular teachers often focus on the students who respond well to their teaching style and keep the class entertaining. They call on those students who answer the questions in a funny way rather than students who address the topic in a thoughtful manner. They may even highlight the accomplishments of a few students during their conversations rather than trying to engage and encourage everyone. As a result, some students feel left out, and may even stop attending class. The unpopular students lose motivation and do not excel because they are ignored in favor of students that cater to the popular teacher.Popular teachers often do a poor job in helping all students learn because they are more interested in socializing than teaching the class material, they want to give good grades rather than challenge students, and they focus on a few students who like the teacher.help the students learn to the best of their abilities 帮助学生尽其所能地学习are often too easily distracted from 经常太容易分心leave less time to do X 为做X留更少的时间the second half of X X的后半部分keep the stronger students from testing their limits 阻止较强的学生去测试他们的极限left out 被忽视,被遗忘cater to 迎合托福写作范文：老师很难既受欢迎又有效教学篇2Popular teachers can be effective in helping students to learn. In fact, the very reason that some teachers are popular is that they make the information they are presenting interesting, are available to answer questions, and they take an interest in the students’ activities.The primary role of a teacher is giving information to students. If teachers create appealing programming that relates to the real world, students will pay attention. The teacher is well-likedbecause the students enjoy learning. It is easier for the student to remember the material, too, when it is presented in a fun manner. For example, I will never forget a physics lesson in which we threw eggs into different types of basket. Although some of the alternatives were messy, I still remember how a flexible surface that catches and moves with the egg will absorb the impact of even the strongest throw, so the egg stays intact. I remember the concept because the teacher was good at engaging the students.Teachers who are not natural showmen can still be popular by being available to answer any question. Teachers who explain in different ways can clarify doubts, making even the toughest lessons understandable. Teachers can be available in different ways, too. Some teachers are willing to interrupt lessons to explain points. They allow students to ask questions at any time so that no one is confused or left behind. Other teachers have an open office policy where students can drop by and ask questions in a one-on-one setting. Whatever method the teacher uses, it can help the students understand the material and perform better.Finally, popular teachers take an interest in their students.Talking about hobbies or goals may seem detrimental to a solid education, but in reality, it can help the teacher explain concepts in ways that the students can relate to. Once I was having a hard time in a math class. That teacher sat down and asked about my interests, and he got excited to hear I liked quilting. He pulled out some paper and showed how the things we were learning could help with my hobby: I could calculate the yardage for a pattern or proportionately change the design’s size. I realized that his popularity was not just based on his chattiness; he used the students’ hobbies to make math practical and interesting.Popular teachers gain their popularity by doing the things that help students excel. They come up with creative lessons, are available to answer questions, and take an interest in their students. As a result, popular teachers can be very good at helping students learn.is well-liked 受欢迎的the teacher was good at engaging the students 老师擅于吸引学生natural showmen 天生的表演家drop by 顺便拜访in a one-on-one setting 在一对一的环境下take an interest in X 对X感兴趣help students excel 帮助学生出类拔萃托福独立写作中常用的11类连接词汇总。
托福考试机经(独立写作部分)
独立写作1、★★★★★ 比较类It is better to travel or work for one year before entering into university.2、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It's necessary to put a lot of money into a business to make it successful.3、★★★★★ 比较类Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happiness than your living environment.4、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Some people spend a lot of time watching sports programs on TV or following their favorite sports teams. Does this have a negative influence on the lives of these people?5、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词When a new technological devices become available. Some people buy it right away, while others will wait until many have acquired it. Which view do you agree with and explain why.6、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People who cannot accept the criticism from others will not be successful at working in a group.7、★★★★★ 最高级Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to reduce air pollution is for the government to raise the cost of fuel (petrol).8、★★★★★ 比较类Which is more important, success in life or the ability to remain happy and optimistic when one's facing difficulty?9、★★★★★ 比较类Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people should take several different kinds of jobs before they decide which career to take in the long term.10、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most important investment of a company is to improve the skills of its employees. (Work & Money) 11、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvement for the quality of people' s lives have already taken place.12、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词类he effective leader tries to make others feel they have been part of a decision.13、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Making sure that people such as the manager or your supervisor know your strengths and accomplishments can help you succeed.14、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Agree or disagree: Movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on young people' s behavior.15、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Patience is usually not a good strategy. We should take action now rather than later. (Work)16、★★★★★ 比较类Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important to choose friends you can have fun with than those who can help you.17、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members, so there's no need for the government to help them.18、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People would be happier if they had fewer possessions.19、★★★★★ 比较级Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is more important for the government to spend money on art project like gallaries, museums and theatres than on recreational facilities like swimming pools and playgrounds.20、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The government should support scientific research that does not have any practical use in the short term.21、★★★★★ 比较类Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Working at home using computers or telephones is better than working in the office.22、★★★★★ 比较类Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People care more about public recognition than about money. Even if no more money is given, public recognition can still make people work harder.23、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Two people can still be good friends when one of them has much more money than the other?24、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is important to know about what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal lives. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Do you agree or disagree? 25、★★★★★ 隐藏绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should set strict rules to their children if they want them to succeed in the future.。
托福独立写作常见高分词汇：动词篇
托福独立写作常见高分词汇：动词篇accumulated/amassed 累积、积聚Any field of knowledge needs to be accumulated/amassed through multiple channels and by various means.acknowledge 承认、认可It has been widely acknowledged that relating well to others paves the way for people to achieve success.acquire 获得、取得Covering varied subjects helps children acquire comprehensive skills to meet the high demand of the modern world.adopt 采用、采纳Due to the inability to make correct judgments, children are likely to adopt a deformed view upon the functions of money and school grades.arouse 引起、唤醒The overwhelming curiosity about alien cultures and features considerably arouses people’s interest in foreign movies and TV programs.boast 含有、包括I once joined a guided tour to Hainan, a most popular scenic spot that boasts appealing seashores and delicious seafood.boost 提升、激发Increasing teachers’ salaries will boost teachers’ enthusiasm and devotion.cherish 珍惜、怀念Having a delicious meal together and chatting freely are simple ways to celebrate either one’s birthday or graduation, but they can bring great happiness and memories that will be cherished forever.combat 对抗、斗争As long as the entire society is on a mission to combatthe existing and potential environmental challenges, sooneror later the day will arrive when the earth is safeguardedand its environment is further improved.commit 付诸、委任Such a psychological reward will motivate children to commit greater tasks when they grow up.comprehend 理解、掌握The social and historical background of serious movies provides people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge.confront 面对、遭遇The uniform is not the right answer to variousdifficulties and problems that high school education is confronting.constitute 构成、组成The pressure from other students constitutes a powerful impetus to improving one’s abilities as well as perfecting one’s personality traits.convince 说服、确信The remarkable technological development has convinced people that the electronic world is filled with marvels.cultivate 培养、陶冶The equality in grade may cultivate the group members’ stronger sense of responsibility.dampen 抑制、沮丧Limiting their interest and freedom in doing whatchildren like will exert a negative impact on their mentality, which may dampen their study enthusiasm.demonstrate 证明、展示Employers prefer university graduates because a higher educational qualification generally demonstrates morepractical skills.eliminate 消除、排除Wearing the same school uniform as everyone elseeliminates a significant source of discomfort for many teenagers： the uncertainty that what they are wearing is “right”.。
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写作中的Transitional Words列表
Transitions signalling addition
equally important likewise also besides by the same token and
too similarly again what is more as well as at the same time
in addition further moreover Transitions signalling time
after; after a while earlier thereafter next afterward before until then
as long as in the past in the future meanwhile as soon as lately ultimately at length at last; finally presently first; first of all later
formerly shortly second; secondly now
since so far while in turn subsequently simultaneously in the meantime
Transitions signalling comparison
similarly likewise also at the same time in the same way in comparison by the same token in turn in a like manner Transitions signalling contrast
but at the same time regardless in contrast despite though conversely
even so nonetheless notwithstanding
even though nevertheless for all that on the other hand however but
in spite of yet whereas on the contrary still
Transitions signalling cause or effect
for this purpose consequently therefore
since as a consequence hence
then so thus to this end as a result in short with this object thereupon
because accordingly
Transitions signalling example
such as for instance
in particular an illustration of
to demonstrate to illustrate
even namely
specifically
Transitions signalling explanation
indeed in other words put another way
in fact simply stated that is Transitions signalling concession
after all of course
at the same time actually
even though
Transitions signalling direction
above/over there opposite to
below/beneath to the east nearby
elsewhere around to the left
farther on beyond adjacent to on the other side next to where
Transitions signalling summary or conclusion
in essence in conclusion in brief
altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other words to sum up in simpler terms all in all
on the whole
Transitions signalling summary or conclusion
in essence in conclusion in brief
altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other words to sum up in simpler terms all in all
on the whole
Transitions signalling contrast
but at the same time regardless in contrast despite though conversely
even so nonetheless notwithstanding
even though nevertheless for all that on the other hand however but in spite of yet whereas on the contrary still
Transitions signalling cause or effect
for this purpose consequently therefore since as a consequence hence
then so thus to this end as a result in short with this object thereupon
because accordingly
Transitions signalling example
such as for instance
in particular an illustration of
to demonstrate to illustrate
even namely
specifically
Transitions signalling explanation
indeed in other words put another way
in fact simply stated that is Transitions signalling concession
after all of course
at the same time actually
even though
Transitions signalling direction
above/over there opposite to
below/beneath to the east nearby
elsewhere around to the left
farther on beyond adjacent to on the other side next to where
Transitions signalling summary or conclusion
in essence in conclusion in brief
altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other words to sum up in simpler terms all in all
on the whole
Transitions signalling summary or conclusion
in essence in conclusion in brief
altogether in closing to conclude as has been said in summary in retrospect as has been indicated to summarize in other words。