2020年新高考预测卷(赠阅)
2020届2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试·模拟预测卷(三)(全国Ⅰ卷)试题

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟预测卷(三)(全国Ⅰ卷)英语试题第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂。
AGoing to college was not optional. In my family, it was just another step toward the American dream. As soon as I graduated, I enrolled (入学)in the English Department of Colorado State University. I went on to earn two scholarships, and membership in the National Honor Society. I truly believed the hard work was worth it.It wasn't until a few months ago that I realized how clueless I was. I had been combing through the classifieds when my eyes fell upon my dream job: “National College Magazine looking for writers ”.Thrilled, I spent the weekend composing a resume . Needless to say, I was stunned when the interviewer barely took one glance before throwing it aside."No experience," he said flatly.I felt like screaming, "What do you mean, no experience? Look at these grades."I was left to absorb the shock of rejection, thinking that nobody ever told me that a 4. 0 student would be turned down for a job.Didn't all of my hard work count for anything?I see plenty of demands for two years of experience at a print publication, but none requiring extensive knowledge of how to write academic papers. Yet 95% of my energy in school went toward the latter, leaving me little time to devote to anything else. If career preparation is supposed to be the point of college, then why isn't it the focus?Has a college degree just become another societal status symbol like fancy cars or designer clothes?Given my experience, I feel that a college degree would be a lot more valuable if studentswere required to get some outside experience to supplement their in-class knowledge. Instead of requiring four science classes, why not three science classes and an internship? In my college career, I took one class that taught me how to write and submit essays for publication. This ever-so-brief taste of the real world was like holding an ice cream sundae in front of a child and only giving her a small bite.1.Why did the author study so hard at college?A.To maintain a family tradition. B.To land an ideal job.C.To fulfill parents' expectations. D.To win scholarships for the tution 2.What accounted for the author's failure in job hunting?A.His dull resume. B.His misjudgment in high scores.C.His lack of experience. D.His poor performance in the interview. 3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply?A.Academic writing is a small part of college life.B.College education always covers unimportant things.C.Competition in college is not as fierce as that in the real world.D.The author feels held back by his lack of real-world experience.4.What does the author want to tell us by writing this article?A.Get a college degree and you will go far.B.College students should make the best of their time.C.Career preparation is a necessity for college education.D.Landing a successful career is better than a college degree.BAlthough it has been indicated in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made ultrasonic(超声的) sounds at frequencies humans can't hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.Microphones placed 10 centimeters from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz. Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. “These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom,” they wrote in their study, which hasnot yet been published.On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to separate the plants,sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appeared to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants, they believe other plants may make sounds when stressed.Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision(精准) agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.Khait's study also suggests that insects and some mammals can hear and respond to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed. Edward Farmer at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland thinks the idea that moths might be listening to plants is “a little too speculative”. After all, there are already plenty of explanations for why insects avoid some plants and not others.5.What were tomato and tobacco plants' reactions to different stresses?A.They reacted to different types of stress with the same sound.B.Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water-hungry ones.C.Cut tobacco plants seemed to make lower sounds than drought-stressed ones.D.Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.6.What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?A.The potential applications of the research.B.Challenges facing farmers in the future.C.Farmers' contributions to the research.D.The future development of agriculture.7.What does the underlined word “speculative” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Practical. B.Surprising.C.Unsupported. D.Complicated.8.What may be the best tide for the text?A.Silent scream B.Mysteries of natureC.Inner voices D.A yet-to-be-published studyCThe following picture books are a wonderful way to improve the summer experience with kids.♦ Vampirina at the Beach by Anne Marie PaceVampirina and her best monster friend head to the beach during the full moon on a perfect summer night to enjoy all the fun and festivities the beach has to offer. Along the way, Vampirina’s beach adventures highlight the importance of beach safety to ensure a heroic adventure for all.Available from Amazon, $11.50♦ Summer by Alice LowSummer brings so many things to a spirited boy, an eager girl, and an excited little dog. The season is filled with adventure. With clever rhyming words, clever phrasing, and playful images, children will love following along as this energetic trio (三重唱) takes in all the sunshine, big beach waves, fireworks, and sweet treats of this truly memorable time of year.Available from Amazon, $6.23♦ Waiting for Pumpsie by Barry WittensteinSummer is the season of baseba ll, and there’s no better way to celebrate summer than with the true story of Pumpsie Green’s rise from the minors to the Boston Red Sox in 1959. As the final major league team to include black athletes, young Bernard and his family travel to Fenway Park to witness Pumpsie Green take the field in this inspirational tale of equality and progress.Available from Amazon, $9.61♦ The Night Before Summer Camp by Natasha WingSure, camp sounds fun, but when you don’t quite know what to expect, it’s only natural t o feel a little nervous away from Mom and Dad. With rhyming prose (散文) and cheerful illustrations (插图), this cheering story of an unwilling boy who comes to enjoy all the fun summer camp will have children ready to take on their own camp adventure!Available from Amazon, $3.529.What benefit can children get from Vampirina at the Beach?A.Enjoying the excitement of sports.B.Making friends with pets more easily.C.Strengthening the sense of shore safety.D.Gaining the courage to enjoy summer camp.10.Which of the following book is related to human rights?A.Summer. B.Waiting for Pumpsie.C.Vampirina at the Beach. D.The Night Before Summer Camp. 11.What do the four books have in common?A.They tell what happens in the hot season. B.They introduce camp adventures. C.They describe sweet music. D.They have the same price.DSmile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others’ facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you’re with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you’re doing so. In “trying on” your friend’s expression, it helps you to recognize what they’re feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.“You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you approach the perso n or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”A person’s ability to recognize and “share” others’ emotions can be prevented when theycan’t mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be t rue for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage, like autism(自闭症), can experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact,” Niedenthal says. Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.12.According to the passage, facial mimicry helps ________.A.experience one’s own fee lings clearly B.change others’ emotions quickly C.respond to others’ expressions properly D.develop friendship with others easily 13.We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that ________.A.people with motor diseases may also suffer from autismB.people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotionsC.people with social disorders can’t have eye contact with othersD.people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces14.According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on ________.A.how we can treat brain disordersB.what can be done to regain facial mimicryC.how our brain helps us with emotional mirroringD.what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression15.The passage is written to ________.A.discuss how people react positively to others’ smilesB.draw people’s attention to those with social disordersC.introduce a new trend in facial expression recognitionD.explain how emotional mirroring affects people’s empathy第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届全国卓越联盟新高考原创精准预测考试(二十二)语文试卷

2020届全国卓越联盟新高考原创精准预测考试(二十二)语文试卷★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1、考试范围:高考范围。
2、试题卷启封下发后,如果试题卷有缺页、漏印、重印、损坏或者个别字句印刷模糊不清等情况,应当立马报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
3、答题卡启封下发后,如果发现答题卡上出现字迹模糊、行列歪斜或缺印等现象,应当马上报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
4、答题前,请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
5、选择题的作答:每个小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。
6、主观题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域的答案一律无效。
如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
7、保持答题卡卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损,不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
8、考试结束后,请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
百年中国美学的现代建构离不开对西方美学的借鉴,但这种借鉴乃是一个首先“学西”、继而“化西”的创造性现代转化的过程,某种意义上也是中西互鉴的特殊形态,从而达到中西美学不同程度的创新融合。
中国现代美学主要奠基人之一的王国维,早在20世纪初,在译介叔本华悲观主义意志论哲学著述基础上,撰写了迥异于传统思想的《红楼梦评论》;借鉴康德美学“鉴赏判断的四个契机”说,首次提出“一切之美,皆形式之美也”的重要主张,并建构起具有中国传统特质的“古雅”说;借鉴德国古典美学诸家,对中国古典美学尤其是先秦道家美学思想作了深刻反思,自觉把二者加以融会贯通,写出了《人间词话》这一中国现代美学的奠基之作,创建了以“境界”为核心范畴、意蕴丰厚的创新美学体系,对传统的“意境”说作出了具有现代性的创造性开拓。
(山东、海南)2020年新高考名师押题猜想卷语文试题(原卷版)

山东、海南2020年新高考名师押题猜想卷语文一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。
材料一:核心价值观是社会积极心态的重要组成部分,核心价值观的出现以社会共有意识的形态引领社会心态。
因此,核心价值观引领是社会积极健康心态培育的基础。
而流行语作为一种社会心态反映,可依靠核心价值观引领,在网络情感宣泄情景中构建良好的网络文化氛围,在潜移默化中影响网民的价值意识,帮助网民塑造正确的人生观、价值观、世界观,从而培育积极的社会心态。
首先,要发挥核心价值观的包容作用,给予网民正确的价值培育,帮助其找准个人的价值定位,坚定目标,寻求个人价值与社会价值的统一。
其次,使用核心价值观弥补社会个体与群体共同价值方面的心理缺失,通过引导反映社会积极心态的流行语传播,发挥核心价值观的正向引导作用,使核心价值观凝聚共识、塑造价值,在快速的网络化传播中消解消极的社会心态。
最后,使用流行语以接地气的方式向人民群众传递社会正能量,弘扬社会主义核心价值观,取代了传统固化、呆板、说教的价值观传播形式,有助于塑造网民正能量的社会心态。
(摘编自《流行语的传播生态与价值引领》)材料二:新与旧,小与大,变与不变,道出了流行语背后的辩证法。
语言是社会生活的符号,流行语则反映着时代的侧面。
近日,经过公开征集、专家评选、媒体投票等环节,《咬文嚼字》编辑部公布了“2019年十大流行语”,“文明互鉴”“区块链”等热词榜上有名,引发网友广泛关注。
“岁月不居,时节如流”,时间在语言上不断留下“辙痕”。
新表达、新句式、新修辞为开放的语言系统注入生命力,有的甚至沉淀为常用语。
但另一方面,有的内涵有限,在网络空间、娱乐文化中热闹一时后,无法逃脱“来也匆匆,去也匆匆”的命运。
沉淀与流失,是语言流变的自然过程。
流行语是一个语言现象,更是一个社会现象,其中既有个人表达,也有宏大叙事。
从更大层面看,正如“区块链”成为技术创新的重要突破口、“文明互鉴”向世界宣示交流对话的中国主张,流行语的变化与国家发展、社会进步的步伐相伴随。
2020全国高考语文预测试题(含答案)

一、语言文字运用(12分)1.在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语,最恰当的一组是(3分)因为利益至上,让文学回到文学自身,在这个年代已经成了一种奢望,形形色色的力量______,在文学的领地里横冲直撞。
但是,这种______的局面毕竟不能长此以往,否则会导致文学生态的严重______。
A.鸠占鹊巢鱼目混珠失衡B.占山为王鱼龙混杂失控C.占山为王鱼目混珠失控D.鸠占鹊巢鱼龙混杂失衡2.在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是(3分)中国的戏曲在世界戏剧中有自己独特的地位,有它自成一套的体系。
但是中国戏曲的体系究竟是什么呢?________,________,________。
________,________;________。
众说纷纭,莫衷一是。
弄清了体系,才能发展戏曲。
①这样讨论问题时才有所依据②到现在还没有人说出个所以然来③你说你继承了传统,他说你脱离了传统④我希望有人能迅速写出几本谈中国戏曲体系的书⑤是一个有几段台词的什么别的东西⑥否则你说你写的是一个戏曲剧本,他说不是A.②③⑤④①⑥B.②④①⑥⑤③C.⑤②③④⑥①D.⑤④⑥③①②3.一位老年妇人与世长辞,殡仪馆收到多副挽联,其中有三副分别是逝者儿子、女婿、侄子送的,均未署名,根据其内容张贴正确的一项(3分)①我欲招魂,四五日苦雨凄风,问归何处?情怜犹子,数十年嘉言懿范,痛想生平!②梦断北堂春雨萱花千古恨,机悬东壁秋风桐叶一天愁③获选昔乘龙犹记东床惭坦腹,游仙今驾鹤那堪北堂仰遗容A.①挽伯母②挽岳母③挽母B.①挽岳母②挽母③挽伯母C.①挽母②挽伯母③挽岳母D.①挽伯母②挽母③挽岳母4.对下面一段文字的理解,最恰当的一项是(3分)中学地理课本展示由外太空拍摄到的卫星图片:藏蓝的深渊里,地球孤独地转动,布满褐色的古怪斑纹。
这是人类偷偷登上神的瞭望台,模拟神的视角——我们谓之的广大世界,不过是神铺在桌面的一张地图。
因为距离的遥远,在神眼里,我们,不过是一些斑点。
2020届华大新高考联盟原创精准预测考试(二十六)语文试卷

2020届华大新高考联盟原创精准预测考试(二十六)语文试卷★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1、考试范围:高考范围。
2、试题卷启封下发后,如果试题卷有缺页、漏印、重印、损坏或者个别字句印刷模糊不清等情况,应当立马报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
3、答题卡启封下发后,如果发现答题卡上出现字迹模糊、行列歪斜或缺印等现象,应当马上报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
4、答题前,请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
5、选择题的作答:每个小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。
6、主观题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域的答案一律无效。
如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
7、保持答题卡卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损,不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
8、考试结束后,请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。
第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
书院是中国历史上一种独具特色的文化教育组织,在中华文化的发展传承过程中发挥了重要作用,且传入日本、韩国等国家,并被广为移植和仿建。
传统书院文化的内涵相当丰富,可以从精神、制度和行为三个层面进行解读,汲取其合理成分,为当代教育改革与发展提供镜鉴和启示。
精神文化屡面:传统书院注重价值关怀,有益于当代德育为先理念的坚守。
书院的精神文化主要包括书院的办学宗旨和教育理念。
古代书院为“补官学之弊而兴办”,在长期的办学过程中,形成了“明道传道”“发扬学术”的办学宗旨和“德育为本,修身为要;心忧天下,忠勇报国”的教育理念书院。
2020年全国I卷高考语文预测押题密卷参考答案

1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.出的“郡侯”、西幸的皇帝,其中又以“军家”的暴行为画面主体组合成一幅帝国动荡图。
②以小见大的手法。
通过诗人在一郡的所见折射出一切王朝行将灭亡前的共有特征,具有高度的典型性。
③在韵律上,全诗押平声“先”韵,具有流畅中带苦涩、宏亮里含深沉的音乐效应,组合成一曲以哀伤为主旋律的王朝末世的挽歌。
④这首诗采用口语俗调唱咏时事的方式。
前六句刻意暴露,后两句抒发感慨,严厉抨击战乱中军人肆虐,并对唐王朝的昏愦无能尖利嘲诮。
语言清新通俗,爽健有力。
(答对1条给2分,答对2条即可,共4分)16.【答案】(1)怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。
(2)虽体解吾犹未变兮,岂余心之可惩。
(3)报君黄金台上意,提携玉龙为君死。
(每空1分,有错字、漏字、添字不给分。
)三、语言文字运用17.【答案】A【解析】本题考查成语意思和用法的辨析能力。
首先把握成语的意思,然后结合语境辨析正误。
承受,侧重于接受并承担;承担,侧重于承当,担当,担负,常用于承担的责任与义务。
第一处语境说的是过年承受的是经济和精神的压力,所以用“承受”较为合适;真实写照,指其真实的描写刻画;真实反应,指有机体受到体内或体外的刺激而引起相应的活动,引申为对一事情的发生所引起的真实的意见、态度或行为。
根据后文“过年的真实情况的刻画”应选“真实写照”;不容小觑,不能小看;不能轻视。
不可估量,不可以估计。
形容数量大或程度重。
此处指其作用不可轻视,所以此处应该是“不容小觑”;景仰,仰慕,佩服尊重;拥趸,指拥护者、支持者。
“拥趸”字面理解就是船只拥向泊位,引申的意义自然就是受欢迎。
最后一处语境是受到欢迎,所以用“拥趸”。
18.【答案】C【解析】本题考查辨析并修改病句的能力。
应先浏览选项,排除有明显错误标志的句子,然后按照主谓宾的成分压缩句子,先观察主干部分,是否存在搭配不当、语序等问题,再分析修饰成分。
考生要注意在平时的学习中多积累病句的典型例句,然后结合病句病因的辨析不同类型病句的特点。
2020年普通高校招生全国统一考试预测金卷(江苏卷)语文试题及答案解析

2020年普通高校招生全国统一考试预测金卷(江苏卷)语文试题注意事项:1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上。
第I卷(选择题)一、选择题1.在下列一段话空缺处依次填入词语,最恰当的一项是()谭鑫培的唱腔,其感情上的描绘,尺寸上的操持,长短腔的安排,都是章法分明,。
《空城计》散板前六向用腔简捷,到第七句腔调迂回曲折,如行云流水,悦耳动听,达到了炉火纯青的化境。
有时,耐人寻味;有时浓墨一挥,气象万千。
听之似乎无板眼之拘;细拍之则,意到神随,美不胜收。
A.秋毫无犯淡妆浓抹丝丝入扣B.秋毫无犯轻描淡写环环相扣C.有条不紊轻描淡写丝丝入扣D.有条不紊淡妆浓抹环环相扣2.在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是()但丁精神的基本特征就是深刻、崇高、锲而不舍的自我批判、自我忏悔、自我完善的自觉意识以及对全民族、全人类道德进步和文明发展的思虑和关切。
在人类物质进步的发展历程中,________;________,________。
________,________。
________。
①清算社会历史的和精神观念的陈腐垃圾的基本原因②这就是为什么人类每前进一步总要有一批思想家最先挺身而出③事实上,这种但丁精神自欧洲文艺复兴开始就一直伴随着人类走向历史进步④离不开这种自觉的批判精神、忏悔意识和进取意志⑤而个人、民族和人类在精神文明的发展历程中⑥离不开精神进步这一重要层面A.⑥②①⑤④③B.④②①⑤⑥③C.④③⑤⑥②①D.⑥⑤④②①③3.下列楹联与所吟咏的名胜古迹对应正确的一项是()①此地似曾游,想当年列坐流觞未尝无我仙缘难逆料,问异日重来修禊能否逢君②一楼萃三楚精神,云鹤俱空横笛在二水汇百川支流,古今无尽大江流③杰阁重开,依然万里群峰小斯楼更上,犹觉千秋此地高④我辈复登临,目极湖山千里而外奇文共欣赏,人在水天一色之中A.①醉翁亭②岳阳楼③鹳雀楼④蓬莱阁B.①兰亭②黄鹤楼③鹳雀楼④滕王阁C.①醉翁亭②黄鹤楼③天一阁④滕王阁D.①兰亭②岳阳楼③天一阁④蓬莱阁4.下列选项中,对漫画意图的理解最贴切的一项是()A.嘲讽不加调查先入为主的看法。
2020届华大新高考联盟原创精准预测考试(十三)语文试卷

2020届华大新高考联盟原创精准预测考试(十三)语文试卷★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1、考试范围:高考范围。
2、试题卷启封下发后,如果试题卷有缺页、漏印、重印、损坏或者个别字句印刷模糊不清等情况,应当立马报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
3、答题卡启封下发后,如果发现答题卡上出现字迹模糊、行列歪斜或缺印等现象,应当马上报告监考老师,否则一切后果自负。
4、答题前,请先将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色签字笔填写在试题卷和答题卡上的相应位置,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
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写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非选择题答题区域的答案一律无效。
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如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
7、保持答题卡卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损,不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
8、考试结束后,请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并依序排列上交。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
儒家传统与鲁迅的精神至上观刘倩鲁迅的通过转变国人的思想意识、振兴疲弱的旧中国的理想,我们称之为“精神至上观”或“精神至上主义”。
精神至上主义是鲁迅思想模式的一个特征,而这一思想特征的形成依据又主要与儒家文化传统有关。
精神至上主义作为鲁迅的一种思想模式,它需要长期的环境、心理、知识的积累和思想的训练才能形成。
就鲁迅的精神结构形成的历史文化语境而言,鲁迅从小受到的是正规的儒家文化的教育,他的最直接的文化环境是一个以儒家传统为信仰的正统家庭,鲁迅的精神结构在本质上是与儒家传统紧密传承的。
鲁迅之所以被誉为“民族魂”,之所以在一个动荡的时代而没有成为昙花一现的思想者,之所以始终没有失去他的现实意义,一个很重要的原因就是他脚踏着丰厚的传统文化的历史积淀,自觉或不自觉地与民族传统保持着积极的联系。
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2020年高考模拟试题 一、单项选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.) 1.设复数z=(2+i)(3-2i),则复数z在复平面内对应的点的坐标为( ) A.(4,1) B.(8,1) C.(4,-1) D.(8,-1) 解析 z=(2+i)(3-2i)=8-i,所以复数z在复平面内对应的点的坐标为(8,-1),故选D. 答案 D 2.已知集合A={x|y=ln(x-1)},B={x|x2-4≤0},则A∩B=( ) A.{x|x≥-2} B.{x|1<x<2} C.{x|1<x≤2} D.{x|x≥2} 解析 由题意得,A={x|y=ln(x-1)}={x|x>1},B={x|x2-4≤0}={x|-2≤x≤2},所以A∩B={x|1答案 C 3.“直线l与平面α内的无数条直线垂直”是“直线l与平面α垂直”的( ) A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件 C.充要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件 解析 根据线面垂直的判定和性质,可知由后者可推前者,但由前者不能推后者,故“直线l与平面α内的无数条直线垂直”是“直线l与平面α垂直”的必要不充分条件,选B. 答案 B 4.函数f(x)=2sin|x|在[-π,π]上的图象大致是( ) 解析 ∵f(-x)=f(x),∴f(x)是偶函数,故排除B,D.∵fπ2=2>1,∴排除C.故选A. 答案 A 5.如图,在直角梯形ABCD中,AB=4,CD=2,AB∥CD,AB⊥AD,E是BC的
中点,则AB→·(AC→+AE→)=( )
A.8 B.12 C.16 D.20
解析 法一 设AB→=a,AD→=b,则a·b=0,a2=16,AC→=AD→+DC→=b+12a,AE→
=12(AC→+AB→)=12b+12a+a=34a+12b,所以AB→·(AC→+AE→)=a·b+12a+34a+12b=a·54a+32b=54a2+32a·b=54a2=20,故选D.
法二 以A为坐标原点建立平面直角坐标系(如图所示),设AD=t(t>0),则B(4,0),C(2,t),E3,12t,所以AB→·(AC→+AE→)=(4,0)·(2,t)+3,12t=(4,0)·
5,32t
=20,故选D. 答案 D 6.宁波古圣王阳明的《传习录》专门讲过易经八卦图,如图是易经八卦图(含乾、坤、巽、震、坎、离、艮、兑八卦),每一卦由三根线组成(“”表示一根阳线,“”表示一根阴线).从八卦中任取两卦,这两卦的六根线中恰有四根阴线的概率为( )
A.514 B.314 C.328 D.528 解析 由题意知,八卦中含1根与2根阴线的卦各有3种,含0根与3根阴线的卦各有1种,故从8种卦中取2卦的取法总数为C28种,2卦中恰含4根阴线的取
法为C23+C13·1=6种,所以所求概率P=6C28=314,故选B. 答案 B 7.已知抛物线C:y2=2px(p>0)的焦点为F,点Ap4,a(a>0)在C上,|AF|=3.若直线AF与C交于另一点B,则|AB|=( ) A.12 B.10 C.9 D.4.5
解析 由抛物线的定义知|AF|=p4+p2=3,解得p=4,所以抛物线C的方程为y2=8x,A(1,a),则a2=8,解得a=22或a=-22(舍去),所以A(1,22).又焦点F(2,0),所以直线AF的斜率为-22,直线AF的方程为y=-22(x-2),代入抛物线C的方程y2=8x,得x2-5x+4=0,所以xA+xB=5,|AB|=xA+xB+p=5+4=9,故选C. 答案 C 8.三棱锥P-ABC的所有顶点都在半径为2的球O的球面上.若△PAC是等边三角形,平面PAC⊥平面ABC,AB⊥BC,则三棱锥P-ABC体积的最大值为( ) A.2 B.3 C.23 D.33 解析 根据AB⊥BC可知AC为三角形ABC所在截面圆O1的直径,又平面PAC⊥平面ABC,△APC为等边三角形,所以P在OO1上,如图所示,设PA=x,则
AO1=12x,PO1=32x,所以PO1=32x=OO1+2=4-12x2+2⇒32x-22=4-12x2⇒x2-23x=0⇒x=23,所以AO1=12×23=3,PO1=32×23=3,当底面三角形ABC的面积最大时,即底面为等腰直角三角形时三棱锥P-ABC的体积最大,此时V=13S△ABC×PO1=13×12×23×3×3=3.
答案 B 二、多项选择题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得3分,有选错的得0分.) 9.已知等比数列{an}的公比为q,前4项的和为a1+14,且a2,a3+1,a4成等差数列,则q的值可能为( )
A.12 B.1 C.2 D.3 解析 因为a2,a3+1,a4成等差数列,所以a2+a4=2(a3+1),因此,a1+a2+a3
+a4=a1+3a3+2=a1+14,故a3=4.又{an}是公比为q的等比数列,所以由a2+
a4=2(a3+1),得a3q+1q=2(a3+1),解得q=2或12. 答案 AC 10.某学校为了了解本校学生的上学方式,在全校范围内随机抽查部分学生,了解到上学方式主要有:A—结伴步行,B—自行乘车,C—家人接送,D—其他方式.并将收集的数据整理绘制成如下两幅不完整的统计图.根据图中信息,下列说法正确的是( ) A.扇形统计图中D的占比最小 B.条形统计图中A和C一样高 C.无法计算扇形统计图中A的占比 D.估计该校一半的学生选择结伴步行或家人接送 解析 由条形统计图知,B—自行乘车上学的有42人,C—家人接送上学的有30人,D—其他方式上学的有18人,采用B,C,D三种方式上学的共90人,设A—结伴步行上学的有x人,由扇形统计图知,A—结伴步行上学与B—自行乘车上学
的学生占60%,所以x+42x+90=60100,解得x=30,故条形图中A,C一样高,扇形图中A类占比与C一样都为25%,A和C共占约50%,故D也正确.D的占比最小,A正确. 答案 ABD
11.若将函数f(x)=cos2x+π12的图象向左平移π8个单位长度,得到函数g(x)的图象,则下列说法正确的是( ) A.g(x)的最小正周期为π
B.g(x)在区间0,π2上单调递减 C.x=π12不是函数g(x)图象的对称轴 D.g(x)在-π6,π6上的最小值为-12 解析 g(x)=cos2x+π8+π12=cos2x+π3.g(x)的最小正周期为π,选项A正确;当x∈0,π2时,2x+π3∈π3,4π3,故g(x)在0,π2上有增有减,选项B错误;g
π
12
=0,故x=π12不是g(x)图象的一条对称轴,选项C正确.当x∈-π6,π6时,2x+π3∈0,2π3,且当2x+π3=2π3,即x=π6时,g(x)取最小值-12,D正确. 答案 ACD 12.已知f(x)=2m(x2+1)ex-1,g(x)=(m+2)(x2+1)2.若φ(x)=ex·f(x)-g(x)ex有唯一的零点,则m的值可能为( ) A.2 B.3 C.-3 D.-4
解析 ∵φ(x)=ex·f(x)-g(x)ex只有一个零点,
∴2m(x2+1)-ex-(m+2)(x2+1)2ex=0只有一个实数根,即(m+2)x2+1ex2-2m·x2+1ex+1=0只有一个实数根.令t=x2+1ex,则t′=(x2+1)′ex-(x2+1)ex(ex)2=-(x-1)2ex≤0,∴函数t=x2+1ex在R上单调递减,且x→+∞时,t→0,∴函数
t=x2+1ex的大致图象如图所示,所以只需关于t的方程(m+2)t2-2mt+1=0(*)有且只有一个正实根. ①当m=2时,方程(*)为4t2-4t+1=0,解得t=12,符合题意; ②当m=3时,方程(*)为5t2-6t+1=0,解得t=15或t=1,不符合题意; ③当m=-3时,方程(*)为t2-6t-1=0,得t=3±10,只有3+10>0,符合题意.
④当m=-4时,方程(*)为2t2-8t-1=0,得t=4±322,只有4+322>0,符合题意.故选A,C,D. 答案 ACD 三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.) 13.已知f(x)=x2,x<0,2x-2,x≥0,则f(f(-2))=________. 解析 根据题意得:f(-2)=(-2)2=4, 则f(f(-2))=f(4)=24-2=16-2=14. 答案 14
14.已知a+2b=1(a>0,b>0),则2ba+1b的最小值等于________.
解析 由题意得2ba+1b=2ba+a+2bb=2ba+ab+2≥22ba·ab+2=22+2,当且仅当a=2b=2-1时,等号成立,所以2ba+1b的最小值为22+2. 答案 22+2 15.已知(2-x2)(1+ax)3的展开式的所有项系数之和为27,则实数a=________,展开式中含x2的项的系数是________.(本题第一空2分,第二空3分) 解析 由已知可得(2-12)(1+a)3=27,则a=2,∴(2-x2)(1+ax)3=(2-x2)(1+2x)3=(2-x2)(1+6x+12x2+8x3),∴展开式中含x2的项的系数是2×12-1=23. 答案 2 23 16.已知圆M:(x-x0)2+(y-y0)2=8,点T(-2,4),从坐标原点O向圆M作两条切线OP,OQ,切点分别为P,Q,若切线OP,OQ的斜率分别为k1,k2,且k1·k2
=-1,则|TM|的取值范围为________.
解析 由题意可知,直线OP的方程为y=k1x,OQ的方程为y=k2x,因为OP,
OQ与圆M相切,所以|k1x0-y0|1+k21=22,|k2x0-y0|1+k22=22, 分别对两个式子进行两边平方,整理可得k21(8-x20)+2k1x0y0+8-y20=0,k22(8-x20)+2k2x0y0+8-y20=0,所以k1,k2是方程k2(8-x20)+2kx0y0+8-y20=0的两个不相等的实数根,所以k1k2
=8-y208-x20.又k1·k2=-1,所以8-y208-x20=-1,即x20+y20=16.又|TO|=4+16=25,所以|TO|-4≤|TM|≤|TO|+4,所以25-4≤|TM|≤25+4. 答案 [25-4,25+4] 四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步