《电子信息工程专业英语导论》
电子信息工程专业英语教程课件Lesson_1_VLSI_Technology_
Lesson 1 VLSI Technology
Lesson 1 VLSI Technology
• Backgrounds • Text tour • Language in use
– Vocabulary – Structure – Reading/writing techniques
• 和真空管相比，晶体管尺寸小得多，速度快得多，生产
成本低得多，性能更加可靠，功耗也少得多。
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《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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Conductivity & semiconductor
• While most materials either insulate from electrical flow (air, glass, wood) or conduct electricity readily (metals, water), there are some that only conduct electricity a small amount, or only under certain conditions. These are called semiconductors.
• Definition: The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas has been removed, permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining gas molecules.
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《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
电子信息工程专业英语教程Lesson3Microprocessors
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A brief summary of all Pentium families
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• Pentium 4 - Introduced in 2000 (1.4-3.4GHz)
Latest Pentium architecture started out with a 400MHz system bus and 256KB L2 cache (later increased to 800MHz and 2MB). The first models contained 42 million transistors, used the 0.18 micron process and came in 423pin and 478-pin PGA packages. Intel's first Pentium 4 chipset was the 850 and supported only Rambus memory (RDRAM), but subsequent chipsets switched to DDR SDRAM.
• Difference
– Transistors – Microns – Clock speed – Data width – MIPS
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
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Pentium IV
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Brief introduction
Intel 4004
• Pentium II Xeon - 1998-1999 (400MHz-450MHz) Typically used in high-end and 2-way and 4-way servers, Xeon specs were like Pentium II with L2 cache from 512KB to 2MB and 100MHz system bus.
《电子信息工程专业英语导论》课件PART_2_unit5
The control bus is a collection of signals that controls how the processor communicates with the rest of the system [3]. [3].控制总线是控制处理器与系统其他部分通信 控制总线是控制处理器与系统其他部分通信 的信号枢纽。 的信号枢纽。 that controls how the processor communicates with the rest of the system是 是 定语从句，修饰主语the control bus，在这个 定语从句，修饰主语 ， 从句中，又包含了how引导的从句作为 引导的从句作为controls 从句中，又包含了 引导的从句作为 的宾语。 的宾语。
How a system designs these parts impacts the system performance. In VNA machines, like the 80x86 family, the CPU is where all the actions take place [1].
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The system bus connects various components of a VNA machine. The 80x86 family has three major busses: the address bus, the data bus, and the control bus. A bus is a connection of wires on which electrical signals pass through components in the system. For example, the data bus may have a different implementation between the 80386 and the 8086,
《电子信息工程专业英语导论》PART4unit16
The main application area of electronic information technology
• Telecommunications: Telecommunications is a major application area of electronic information technology, accompanying technologies such as telephone, mobile communications, and the internet
• Introduction to courses in Electronic Information Engineering
• English vocabulary and terminology for electronic
目录
• Reading and Translation of English Literature in Electronic Information Engineering
• Practicing Writing Skills: Writing reports, proposals, and other documents in professional English can help engineers develop their writing skills and improve their ability to communicate complex ideas effectively
Basic concepts of electronic information technology
• Electronic Devices: Electronic devices are components that control the flow of electrons or other charge carriers in order to perform various functions such as amplification, correction, and switching
电子信息工程导论
Introduction of Information Science and Technology
1.13
Fall in 2009
1.2 基本概念--人的能力
从宏观角度来考察，人类能力可分为三个基本方面 体质能力 体力能力 智力能力
人类能力的进化历程, 呈现出明显的阶段特征： 体质能力首先成为发展的重点和基础； 接着是体力能力得到必要的强化； 最后才是智力能力实现长足的进步。
1.16
Fall in 2009
1.2 基本概念--体力能力的扩展
科学研究的新成果迅速转化为生产力，使社会生产得 到了前所未有的增长。
电动机、电灯、电话、电报、电焊、电钻… 火车、轮船、汽车… 尿素、尼龙、橡胶、农药、除草剂… 各种药品 …
动力工具
不再需要人力驱动 但还需要人来驾驭 具有了比人力工具高得多的劳动生产率
Introduction of Information Science and Technology
1.12
Fall in 2009
1.2 基本概念--人的能力
2．心理学以外 ,人们也有不同的见解，如：
能力总是同人的某种活动相联系并表现在活动之中。一方面能力 是在活动中形成、发展并表现出来的；另一方面，从事某种活动 又必须以一定的能力为前提。 能力是人的综合素质在现实行动中表现出来的，正确驾驭某种活 动的实际本领、能量和熟练水平。 能力是实现人的价值的一种有效方式，也是左右与支配人生命运 的一种主导性的积极力量。 从生存与适应角度来看，人类有嗅觉、听觉、视觉等能力； 从活动角度来看，人类有创造力、思维力、决断力、应变力、执行力 、组织力、交际力、表达力、自制力； 。。。
Introduction of Information Science and Technology
(完整word版)电子信息工程专业英语导论B文章英文翻译第五章(word文档良心出品)
第五章电脑类型和未来发展计算机是一种电子设备，可以得到一组指令或程序，然后通过执行数值计算或编程和其他形式相关联的信息。
微机：由微电脑智能台式机或笔记本大小的计算机设备，它使用微处理器作为中央处理器，或CPU。
微型机计算机也被称为个人电脑（PC），家用电脑，小型商用电脑，微型电脑。
最小的被称为膝笔记本电脑。
当他们第一次出现，他们被视为单一的用户设备，他们第一次能够处理只有4、8或16比特的信息。
最近微型和大型计算机的区别，大型计算机以及较小型系统称为微型计算机主机）已经变得模糊，随着新微电脑机型增加了速度和数据处理能力，是他们的CPU 变成32位，甚至64位多用户范围。
小型机：小型计算机是一种中级计算机建立用来执行复杂运算而有效率地处理运算的输入和输出的高层次用户的链接通过终端。
小型机也经常可以在网络上和其他小型机链接和分布计算在所有链接设备中。
小型机是在大量使用和在交易过程应用上和作为主机系统和局域网的接口界面。
大型机：一台大型机是一个高层次的计算机被设计为了最繁重的运算任务。
大型机通常由多个用户要通过终端计算机共享。
最强大的大型机称为巨型机，执行高度复杂和耗时的计算，并大量使用在抽象和应用科学家的研究，大型企业和军队。
超级电脑：在计算机科学，超级计算机，超级大，非常快，并且是昂贵的电脑应用复杂的计算，通常情况下机器能执行流水线指令，并提供向量指令。
超级计算机可以，例如，执行数据巨大的计算，在电影中被要求制订和被模拟运动的飞船。
超级计算机也可应用气象预报，大尺度科学建模和石油商品出口。
在计算机发展的一个持续的趋势是微型化，努力将多电路压缩成越来越小的芯片空间。
研究人员还试图加快电路功能通过使用超导减少电阻的现象被看作是将物体暴露在非常低的温度下会变得更冷。
计算机网络已将成为越来越重要的计算机的发展技术。
网络大量的计算机互联通信设施连接。
公共互联网是一个全球性的计算机网络的例子。
网络连接着计算机通讯交换信息，在某些情况下，共享的工作，使更多电脑可以开展合作，执行任务。
电子信息工程专业英语29Oscilloscopes
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《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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The Types of Oscilloscopes
• analog oscilloscope • digital oscilloscope
– digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) – digital phosphor oscilloscopes (DPOs) – digital sampling oscilloscopes
• Something that is an essential or necessary part of a system or object. 基础
• The lowest frequency of a periodically varying quantity or of a vibrating system. 基频
• Terminology
– CRT: Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管
– Transducer 传感器，变频器，变换器
– Fundamental frequency 基频
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《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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Backgrounds
• Terminology
– sonic boom 声爆
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《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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Digital Oscilloscopes
Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes
Figure 10.6 The parallel-processing architecture of a digital phosphor oscilloscope (DPO)
电子信息工程专业英语课件1
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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Transistor vs. vacuum tube
• Solid state means that it doesn't change its physical form as it switches. There are no moving parts in a transistor.
Lesson 1 VLSI Technology
• Backgrounds • Text tour • Language in use
– Vocabulary – Structure – Reading/writing techniques
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
1
Backgrounds
• Terminology
creation of integrated circuits that had previously been made from multiple discrete components. • VLSI：Very Large-scale Integration 超大规模集成(电路) • VLSI circuits can contain millions of transistors.
• 真空管是一种内部气 体全部或部分抽空的 电子管，从而使电子 在不受或少受气体分 子的干扰下运动。
《电子信息工程专业英语教程》
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Transistor vs. vacuum tube
• A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it, depending on how much electricity is input to it. In other words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the vacuum tube , it is solid state .
电子信息工程专业英语总结
电子信息工程专业英语总结第一篇：电子信息工程专业英语总结Actuator 致动器，执行器 acquisition time采样时间 address从事，忙于 address pointer地址指针 adjustment 调整，调节 adverse 不利的，相反的aliasing混叠现象all in all总而言之alter 改变alternative选择 aluminium 铝 analogous 类似的 anguish 痛苦，苦恼 antenna 触角，天线 anti-aliasing filter 抗混叠滤波器 appliance 用具，器具approach 方法arena竞技场，舞台array 阵列，数组asynchronous 异步的 as a consequence因此 as opposed to...与...相反 baseband基带 base station基站 be encumbered with为...所累 behavioral synthesis行为综合 be referred to as...被称作...bipolar 双极性的 boast 夸耀 Boolean variable布尔变量 budget预算 buffer 缓冲器，缓冲区 building block构件，模块 bulky 容量大的，体积大的 bus interface总线接口 cache 高速缓存 capacitor 电容器 capacity 容量，电容 capture 记录，输入 carrier wave载波 cell 细胞，蜂房，电池cellular 蜂窝状的chrominance 色度circular 圆形的，循环的commute 通勤comparator 比较器compatibility兼容性component 组件 conditioning 调节，调整 conduct 传导 configure 配置，设定consequently 从而，因此consumption 消耗consolidated加固的，整理过的，统一的context上下文，背景，环境 cordless 不用电线的 cordless phone无绳电话 corresponding 相应的 cost-effective 合算的 couple连接，结合 cubic 立方体的，立方的 current source电流源 cryptography密码系统，密码术 daunting 使人畏缩的data processing数据处理data sheet数据手册deceptive欺骗性的dedicate专用，致力于deduce推导，演绎deflection偏转descendant 后裔，后代design flow设计流程device 器件diagram 图表dial tone拨号音digitisation 数字化disadvantage缺点，劣势discrete 离散的drawback 缺点，障碍drift 漂移drive 驱动器dynamic 动态的dynamic range动态范围educated受过教育的，有教养的，有根据的embedded system嵌入式系统embrace拥抱，包含emulation仿真encompass包含encumber阻碍 end office端局 end product最终产品 ensue跟着发生erasable 可擦写的erroneous错误的even field偶数场facilitate使容易，使便利ferroelectric 铁电的fiasco 惨败，大失败field-programmable现场可编程的 flicker闪烁，颤动 flip flop触发器 floppy disk软盘 for the nonce目前，暂且 for fear of为了避免formality 手续，礼节，仪式format 格式foundry半导体制造商frame 帧 frame grabber 帧采集器 frequency reuse频率重用 full-custom全定制的 full scale range满量程范围 functional accelerator 性能加速器 glue logic胶连逻辑 graphical 图形的 guesstimate估计，猜测 hand-held手持的，手持式的 handset 电话听筒，手持机 handy 手边的，容易取得的 henceforth自此以后，今后 hexagon 六边形high-powered 大功率的humble 级别低的，位置低的humongous极大的 hybrid 混合的impediment妨碍，阻碍 implement 实现；器具 in any event无论如何 inbound 输入的 incoming 输入的incoming inspection入厂检查；输入检验inconsistent不一致的，矛盾的 incorporate 一体化incredibly难以置信地，惊人地 incur招致in conjunction with与...协力 in detail详细地 inevitably 不可避免 infinite无限的in motion在运转，处于活跃状态 innovative创新的in one’s own right依靠自身的本领或素质 in parallel并行的，平行的 in practical terms实际上 install 安装insulate 绝缘；隔离 integrated 集成的in terms of根据，在...方面interface capacitor沟道电容器interference 干扰，干涉 interlace交织，交错interpretation解释，阐明 in the field在现场iterative重复的，迭代的 jargon行话laborious 艰苦的，费力的 leakage 泄露lessen 减少，减轻level shifter电平移动器 lifetime 寿命line driver线路驱动器 lithographic平版印刷的 luminance亮度macrofunction宏功能 magnetic 磁的manageable 易处理的 mandate 委任manipulate 操作，处理 market时常，销路，行情 mask 掩模，掩码，掩蔽mass-produced 大量生产的mechanical 机械的memory 存储器，内存metal interconnect金属互联metalization 金属化methodology 方法学 microcell 微蜂窝miniaturization 细微化mixed-signal混合信号more often than not时常 next state次态nonrecurring一次性的，不重视的 numerical数值的Nyquist theorem奈奎斯特定理octal八管脚的，八进制的 odd field奇数场of age成熟；发达；充分发展 offset弥补，抵消 optical 光学的order of magnitude数量级 oscillator 振荡器 outbound 输出的overload使超载，超过负荷；超载，过载over（a/the）period （of）在某段时间内 packet 封包，分组packet switching分组交换 parallelism并行度 partition 分割，划分 passive 无源的 pattern 模式，图案pay off带来利益；偿清债务perceptive 有知觉的，有理解力的placement 布置，安排power dissipation功耗 precede领先于predominant 卓越的，支配的，主要的 present state现态price/performance ratio性能价格比prior to先于，在...之前profession 职业，专业 proportion比例proposition主张，建议 prototype原型，样机put out放出，产生；消除；熄灭quantization level量化电平rating 等级，级别 real time实时 reciprocal倒数reconfigurable可重新配置的refresh 刷新register 寄存器routing 布线run up升起；积欠；匆匆制成sample and hold circuit采样保持电路 sampling interval采样间隔schematic 原理图，示意图second-level二级的self-destruction 自毁semiconductor 半导体semi-custom半定制的sequential 时序的 shed棚，小屋signal conditioner信号调节器signal-to-noise ratio信噪比silicon 硅simultaneously 同时simulation 模拟，仿真simulator 模拟器，仿真器simultaneously同时地smoothing平滑solid state固态sourcing 供货specialized 专门的，专用的specification 技术要求，规格明细spectral inversion频谱反转spectrum光谱，频谱，范围 spurt喷射，迸发，冲刺 squash挤进，挤压 squeal 长声尖叫 stability 稳定性 state machine状态机 static 静态的successor 继承者，接任者；后续的事物synchronous 同步的synthesis 综合tailor剪裁，修改，调整 textural 文本的time to market上市时间transducer 传感器，变换器transfer function传输函数 transistor 晶体管 trick窍门，诀窍 trigger 触发ultimate 最终的，根本的uncommitted 未确定用途的underlying根本的，潜在的undependable 不可靠的undersampling 欠采样 vendor 厂商 viable可行的 volatile 易失的voltage source电压源 watt 瓦特well-paid 收入高的 whereas 然而wireless infrastructure无线基础设施wrapp包裹，覆盖，缠绕zero order hold零阶保持AMPS.advanced mobile phone system.先进移动电话系统ASIC.application specific integrated circuit.专用集成电路ASSP.application-specific standard parts.专用标准器件puter aided design.计算机辅助设计CAM.content addressable memory.内容寻址存储器 CB.citizen' band.民用波段CCD.charge-coupled device.电荷耦合器件 pact disc.光盘plementary metal-oxide-semiconductor.互补金属氧化物半导体 plex programmable logic device.复杂可编程逻辑器件 DA.desigh automation设计自动化DRAM.dynamic random access memory动态随机存储器DSP.digital signal processor数字信号处理器ECL.emitter coupled logic射极耦合逻辑EDA.electronic design automation电子设计自动化EEPROM.electrically erasable programmable rom电可擦除可编程只读存储器FCC.federal communications commission联邦通信委员会FPGA.field programmable gate array现场可编程门阵列GBW.gain×bandwidth增益带宽积GPP.general-purpose microprocessor通用微处理器GSM.global system for mobile communication全球移动通信系统HDL.hardware description language硬件描述语言IC.intergrated circuit.集成电路IMTS.improved mobile phone system 改进移动电话系统ISP.in-system programmable在系统可编程LP.long playing （record）慢转密纹唱片 rge-scale integration.大规模集成MOS.metal-oxide-semiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体MTSO.mobile telephone switching office移动电话交换局MSC.mobile switching center移动交换中心NRE.nonrecurringengineering一次性工程 ns.nanosecond纳秒NTSC.national television systems committee国家电视系统委员会OTP.one-time programmable一次可编程PAL.phase alternation by line逐行倒相PAL.programmable array logic可编程阵列逻辑PLA.programmable logic array可编程逻辑阵列PLD.programmable logic device可编程逻辑器件PTT.post telephone and telegraph administration邮电管理局PSTN.public switched telephone network公共交换电话网RC.reconfigurable computing可重配计算 ROM.read only memory 只读存储器RTL.register transfer level寄存器传输级 SDR.software-defined radios软件无线电SECAM.sequential couleur avec memoire顺序与存储彩色电视系统 SoC.system-on-chip片上系统SPLD.simple programmable logic devices简单可编程逻辑器件SRAM.static random access memory.静态随机存取存储器UV.ultraviolet紫外线VHDL.very high speed integrated-circuit hardware-description language 超高速集成电路硬件描述语言VHSIC.very high speed integrated circuit超高速集成电路VLSI.very large-scale integration.超大规模集成μP.microproce ssor 微处理器第二篇：电子信息专业英语要点总结重点词汇1.TDM——Time Division Multiplexing 时分复用FDM CDM 2.PCM——Pulse Code Modulation 脉冲编码调制3.PCI——Peripheral Component Interconnect 周边元件连接口4.IDE——Integrated Drive Electronics 集成驱动器电路5.AGP——Accelerated Graphic Port 加速图形接口B——Universal SerialBus通用串行接口7.HDL——Hardware Description Language 硬件描述语言8.PLD——Programmable Logic Device 可编程逻辑器件 9.FPGA——Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列 10.ASIC——Application—Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路 11.DSP——Digital Signal Processor 数字信号处理器12.SoC——System-on-Chip 片上系统 13.Learnning curve 学习曲线14.IEEE——Institute of Electrical and Electrics Engineers 电气与电子工程师学会15.sample and hold circuit 采样与保持电路16.price/performance ratio 性能价格比 17.harvard architecture 哈佛结构 18.looping scheme 循环机制19.FFT——Fast Fourier transform 快速傅里叶变换 20.PCB——Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板 21.SPS——Sample Per Second 每秒样本数 22.block diagram 方框图 23.Dolby Stereo 杜比立体声24.transmission bandwidth 传输带宽 25.signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比汉译英句子1.“信道”这个术语通常是指频分多址系统中的一个频率，时分多址系统中的一个时隙，码分多址系统中的一个代码或混合系统中的频率，时隙，代码中的某中组合。
电子信息工程专业英语教程pptLesson5LowpassFilters
• Condition or state in general: 情况
• The established system of social organization: 体制
• Formal written instructions to report for military duty at a specified
• 在使用拉普拉斯变换分析瞬态响应时，我们用sL和 1/sC分别表示电感的阻抗和电容的阻抗。
• While the complex frequency's imaginary part (j) helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part () helps describe a circuit's transient response.
• A language object that may take different values, one at a time. Note: The values of a variable are usually restricted to a certain data type.
• In programming, a character or group of characters that refers to a value and, in the execution of a computer program, corresponds to an address.
• The number of elements in a finite group. 元素个数
• The number of rows or columns in a determinant or matrix. 行或列的数目
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During the 1950s, most computers were similar in one respect. They had a main memory, a central processing unit (CPU), and peripherals. The memory and CPU were central to the system. Since then a new generation of computing has emerged in which computation and data storage need not be centralized. A user may retrieve a program from one place, run it on any of a variety of processors, and send the result to a third location.
A system connecting different devices such as PCs, printers, and disk drives is a network. Typically, each device in a network serves a specific purpose for one or more individuals. For
example, a PC may sit on your desk providing access to information or software you need. A PC may also be devoted to managing a disk drive containing shared files. We call it a file server. Often a network covers a small geographic area and connects devices in a single building or group of buildings. Such a network is a local area network (LAN). A network that covers a larger area such as a municipality, state, country, or the world is called a wide area network (WAN).
Generally speaking, most networks may involve many people using many PCs, each of which can access any of many printers or servers. With all these people accessing information, their requests inevitably will conflict[1]. Consequently, the devices must be connected in
a way that permits an orderly transfer of information for all concerned. A good analogy is a street layout in a large city. With only one person driving it matters little where the streets are, which ones are one-way, where the traffic signals are, or how they are synchronized. But with thousands of the cars on the streets during the morning rush hour, a bad layout will create congestion that causes major delays. The same is true of computer networks. They must be connected in a way that allows data to travel among many users with little or no delay. We call the connection strategy the network topology. The best topology depends on the types of devices and user needs. What works well for one group may perform dismally for another.
UNIT 16
Introduction to Computer Networks
New words and Technical Terms
peripheral congestion topology
dismally
mainframe bus
dart
muscle
EtheFig. 4-16. A common bus topology.
Some common network topologies are described as following. Fig. 4-16 shows a common bus topology (or simply bus topology) connecting devices such as workstations, mainframes, and file servers. They communicate through a single bus (a collection of parallel lines). A common approach gives each device an interface that listens to the bus and examines its data traffic. If an interface determines that data are destined for the device it serves, it reads the data from the bus and transfers it to the device. Similarly, if a device wants to transmit data, the interface circuit sense when the bus is empty and then transmit data. This is not unlike waiting on a freeway entrance ramp during rush hour. You sense an opening and either quickly dart to it or muscle