08年考研英语一阅读词汇检测
2008年1月研究生学位英语真题(附完整参考答案)
2008年1月研究生英语学位课统考PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33.The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized bydeveloping and developed countries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainlandof China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospectswere uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statemens is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chi ef: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D.It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA.treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the backgound of a discovery Passage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At £5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at £18,000 to £25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)根据最新统计，67％的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。
2008年考研英语真题答案及解析
2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章总体分析这是一篇议论文。
文章主要介绍了个别民族群体智商高于人类平均水平。
文章首段第一句话点明了中心论点。
第二段则分析了产生这一现象的原因——进化的结果。
第三段通过“进化”的纽带把高智商与遗传疾病联系起来，说明高智商的人更容易患上一些遗传疾病。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]selected挑选，选拔[B]prepared准备，打算，愿意(做某事)[C]obliged迫使，责成[D]pleased高兴【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【难度系数】0.236【解析】该空的前后语境为“有些群体的人可能比其他群体更加聪明，这是人们一直不敢明说的假说之一。
但是，不管怎么样，Gregory Cochran说出来”。
显然，从语义上应该可以看出Gregory Cochran表述这一观点是一种主动行为，从而排除A和C；而从第一句可以看出他所研究的这一课题也不应该是一个让人高兴的主题，故排除D。
因此答案只有B。
2.[A]unique独一无二的[B]particular特殊的，独特的[C]special特殊的，特别的[D]rare罕见的，珍贵的【答案】D【考点】固定搭配【难度系数】0.160【解析】从文章内容看，显然该空填入的词应该是用来形容Cochran是一个什么样的人的。
从上文我们可以看到，他总是做一些常人不敢做的事情，显然这个词既要表现他这类人很少，同时要表达出作者对Cochran正面评价，突出其优秀性，四个词中只有D能表达这种语义，故答案为D。
本题从另一个角度来说，a rare bird是一固定搭配，指一类人。
其他三个词与bird搭配都不能指人，同样得出答案为D。
3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against【答案】A【考点】介词搭配【难度系数】0.106【解析】independently只能与选项A介词of搭配，意思是“不依赖于，独立于”。
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案
2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. The boy stood on the bridge, _______ down into the river.A. to lookB. lookC. to be lookingD. looked2. When Peter was asked why he stayed rather than move to a bigger company, he simply said he _______ comfortable there.A. is feelingB. was feelingC. has been feelingD. had been feeling3. English is widely spoken, and _______ as the international language of business and diplomacy.A. usedB. has usedC. is usedD. use...（文章持续叙述完试题答案）Part V: Writing (25 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Time Management". You should write no less than 150 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 时间管理的重要性a. 时间是有限的资源b. 时间管理对个人和职业发展的影响2. 时间管理的方法a. 制定明确的目标b. 分配时间优先级c. 避免时间的浪费和延迟3. 时间管理给人生带来的好处a. 提高工作效率b. 减少压力和焦虑c. 促进个人成长和提升Time management plays a crucial role in our lives and is often the differentiating factor between success and failure. With only 24 hours in a day, it is essential to make the most out of the limited time we have.First and foremost, time management is vital because time is a finite resource. No matter who we are or what we do, we are all limited by the same amount of time each day. Therefore, managing our time effectively becomes imperative for personal and professional development.There are several methods to practice time management. Firstly, it is crucial to set clear and specific goals. By setting achievable goals, we canallocate our time and resources accordingly. Additionally, prioritizing tasks and activities helps in managing time effectively. By identifying what requires immediate attention and what can be done later, we can ensure that important tasks are not neglected or delayed. Moreover, avoiding time wastage and procrastination is a critical aspect of time management. It is essential to use our time wisely, avoiding distractions and unnecessary activities that do not contribute to our personal or professional growth.The benefits of time management are numerous. Firstly, it improves work efficiency by allowing individuals to focus on essential tasks and eliminate time-consuming activities that do not contribute to the overall goal. Secondly, effective time management helps reduce stress and anxiety. When time is managed well, there is less pressure to meet deadlines, and individuals can complete tasks in a more organized manner. Lastly, time management promotes personal growth and development. By using time efficiently, individuals can allocate time for learning new skills, pursuing hobbies, or engaging in self-improvement activities.In conclusion, time management is of utmost importance for individuals to make the most out of their limited time. By setting goals, prioritizing tasks, and avoiding time wastage, individuals can improve work efficiency, reduce stress, and promote personal growth. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective time management skills in order to achieve personal and professional success.。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Text 2(上)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Text 2（上）这是一篇科技类文章，主要介绍一种新的出版模式——网络出版，即用网络发表来代替纸质的刊物。
文章中的单词难度适中，基本没有超纲词汇，但是长难句偏多，可能会影响同学们的理解。
同样，文章中出现了许多高频重点单词，以下是本文中出现的10个，就让我们一起来学习吧！1. 2straightforward [streɪt'fɔrwə(r)d /-fɔː-]a. 一直向前的; 正直的; 径直的; 老实的;简单的，明确的;坦率的【词根记忆】：stright(直的)+forward(向前)→一直向前的【真题例句】：It used to be so straightforward. 它是如此地简单，直接。
(2008年阅读Text 2)2. 3submit [səb'mɪt]v. 使服从, 使屈服; 提交, 呈递; 使经受, 使受到; 建议, 认为; 屈服, 服从【词根记忆】：sub(次于，低于)+mit(使命)→屈服于→提交，呈递【短语搭配】：submit verb 提交;submit quotation 提出合约; submit buttons 提交按钮【真题例句】：A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the result of their research to a journal. 实验室的研究人员们把他们的研究结果呈递给一家杂志。
(2008年阅读Text 2)3. 2affiliation [ə,fili'eiʃən]n. 友好关系;加入;联盟;从属关系【词根记忆】：affiliate (参加，加入;发生联系)+tion (名词后缀)→affiliation从属关系, 归属, 联系。
【短语搭配】：political affiliation政治背景;政治立场;政治面貌【真题例句】A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. 杂志编辑会隐去这篇文章的作者的名字和所属机构，送交给同行专家评议。
2008考研英语一真题
2008考研英语一真题In 2008, the Graduate Student Entrance Examination in English (English 1) posed significant challenges to test-takers. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of this particular exam, covering its structure, content, and tips for effective preparation.Section I: Listening comprehension (30 points)This section consisted of four parts: long conversations, short conversations, passage dictation, and news broadcast. Each part tested candidates' ability to understand spoken English, including their comprehension of vocabulary, grammar, and overall context. To excel in this section, it is essential to practice listening to authentic English audio materials, such as news broadcasts, podcasts, and movies.Section II: Vocabulary and language (20 points)This section assessed candidates' knowledge of English vocabulary, idioms, and grammatical structures. The questions required test-takers to choose the correct word, phrase, or sentence completion to demonstrate their mastery of English language usage. To excel in this section, it is crucial to expand vocabulary through reading English newspapers, books, and online articles. Furthermore, dedicating time to learning and memorizing essential idioms and phrasal verbs is highly recommended.Section III: Reading comprehension (50 points)The reading comprehension section tested candidates' ability to understand and analyze written English passages. The question typesincluded true or false statements, multiple-choice questions, and sentence completion exercises. To perform well in this section, it is necessary to improve reading speed without compromising comprehension. Additionally, enhancing reading skills through frequent practice and exposure to a variety of topics is highly beneficial.Section IV: Translation (15 points)This section required candidates to translate a given Chinese text into English. To excel in this section, it is vital to master both Chinese and English language skills, including proper grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure of both languages. Regular translation drills and extensive reading in both languages can significantly improve overall performance.Section V: Writing (55 points)The writing section consisted of two parts: sentence translation and essay writing. The sentence translation part required candidates to translate a given English sentence into Chinese. In the essay writing part, candidates were asked to write an essay on a given topic within the specified time limit. To succeed in this section, it is essential to enhance both writing skills and critical thinking abilities. Practicing timed essay writing and reviewing various essay structures can be beneficial for effective preparation.Overall, the 2008 Graduate Student Entrance Examination in English (English 1) demanded a comprehensive understanding of English language proficiency. To excel in this exam, candidates should focus on enhancing listening, vocabulary, reading, translation, and writing skills. Diligent practice and exposure to various English language resources will undoubtedly contribute to achieving success in this challenging examination.。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Part C
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2008年阅读Part C1. 2 Modesty ['mɔdisti]n.谦逊, 虚心【词根记忆】：mod(=manner，方法，风度)+est(连接，无意义)+ y(名词尾缀)→做事有风度→谦虚，端庄【短语精选】：Modesty helps one to go forward. 虚心使人进步。
【真题例句】：In his autobiography，Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.(2008，翻译) 在他的自传中，达尔文以极其谦逊的态度谈及他的智力。
2. 2 Concise [kәn'sais]adj.简明的, 简练的【词根记忆】：con(共同)+cise(切)→把多余的部分一起切掉→简洁【短语精选】：Talks and articles should all be concise and to the point. 讲话和写文章都应该简明扼要。
【真题例句】：He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely. (2008，翻译)他指出他总是很难进行简明扼要的表达。
3. 5 Compensate ['kɔmpәnseit]v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬【词根记忆】：com(全部)+pens(花费)+ ate(动词后缀)→花费的钱全部拿回来→偿还，补偿【短语精选】：compensate (sb.) for loss [services] 赔偿某人损失[付予酬劳]。
【真题例句】：But he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations, (2008，翻译)但是他也相信正是这种困难迫使他长时间专注于每个句子，带来的好处是，使他在推理和自己的观察中能够寻找出错误。
2008考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。
1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。
"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。
2008年 考研阅读理解与解析
2008年 Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. ―Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,‖ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.现代生活中，女性在很多领域仍然在追赶男性，但是至少在一个令人不快的方面，她们却远远超过了男性，尽管这并不是她们所乐意看到的。
―和男人相比，女性在压力下尤其容易患抑郁症或焦虑症。
‖纽约老兵管理医院的精神科主治医师Yehuda博士说道。
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.有关人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上会影响对于压力的反应，导致承受压力的雌性动物和女性人类相比雄性动物和男性人类而言，在同等条件下更加容易产生引发以上病症的化学物质。
考研英语(一)高频重点单词详解—2008年Text 4(下)
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2008年Text 4（下）这篇文章是一篇历史类话题的文章，讨论美国的开国元勋们所不为人知的一面---对于奴隶制度的暧昧态度。
他们深知奴隶制的危害，却因文化和政治的原因继续支持奴隶制度的存在。
通过这篇文章我们可以更全面地了解到美国历史。
以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.301 part [pɑːt]n. 部分;零件;角色v. 分开【同义词记忆】：n. 角色role / charactern.部分portion / proportion/ segment/ section/ fractionvi. 分离separate【短语搭配】：part with 与…分开;舍弃take part in 参加，参与【真题例句】：For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. 一方面,南方的各州无力承担废除奴隶制带来的代价。
2. 9 peculiar [pɪ'kjuːlɪə]a. 不寻常的; 古怪的;独特的【词根记忆】：ad. peculiarly尤其;古怪地n. peculiarity 特性;怪癖【真题例句】：The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the "peculiar institution," including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. 如果没有对这种“奇特的制度”的保护性条款，南方各州是不会签署宪法的。
“特殊制度”中的某款条文规定：奴隶可作为五分之三个人来代表议会。
考研英语核心词汇总结(2008 Text1)
2008 Text1While1 still catching up to2 men in some spheres of modern life3, women appear to4 be way ahead in at least one undesirable category5. “Women are particularly susceptible to6developing depression and anxiety disorders7in response to18stress compared to9men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist10at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that11 sex hormones12 somehow13 affect14 the stress response15, causing females under stress to produce16more of the trigger chemicals17 than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats18 had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs19) removed20, their chemical responses became equal to21 those of the males.Adding to22a woman’s increased dose of23stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that24women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with25,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity26for tolerating stress27may even be greater than men’s,” she observes28, “it’s just that they’re dealing with25 so many more things that they become worn out29 from it more visibly and sooner30.”Dr. Yehuda notes another31 difference between the sex es. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to32 tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature33. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress34. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence35. The kinds of interpersonal violence36 that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations37, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals38. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating39.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to40 finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration41 that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead42and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother43. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent44, pay the car payment, and pay the debt44. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses45 Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations46, with few breaks47, and feeling the strain48. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates49 the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress50 before it threatens your health and your ability to function51.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to52 stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men53 in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations54 when faced with55 stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women _______.[A] need extra doses56 of chemicals to handle stress25[B] have limited capacity57 for tolerating stress[C] are more capable of58 avoiding stress[D] are exposed to more stress23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront59 tends to be _______.[A] domestic and temporary60[B] irregular61 and violent[C] durable62 and frequent63[D] trivial64 and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 5, Para. 5) shows that _______.[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but65 making money[B] Alvarez’s salary barely66 covered her household expenses67[C] Alvarez got paychecks68 from different jobs[D] Alvarez paid practically69 everything by check7025. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress71: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference72[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality72: Women Under Stress【干货笔记】1.【while】① conj. 当…时；② conj. 尽管，虽然（= Though/Although）：While _________, _________.③ conj. 然而，而 (通过对比，得出不同) （=whereas）：_________，while _________.④ n. 一会儿，一段时间：Sorry! I’ll be out for a while. 抱歉！我出去一下。
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08年Text 11.catch up2.sphere3.undesirable4.category5.susceptible6.depression7.disorder8.in response topared to10.affect11.stressed-out12.capacity13.cope14.be exposed tobat 16.interpersonal17.domestic18.devastating19.determined20.paycheck21.obligation22. inequality23. temporary24. trivial25. household26. expense27.Severe28.Diffuse29.Vulnerable30.inclination1.While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,”2.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”3.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.Text 21.straightforward2.submit3.journal4.affiliation5.peer6.reviewment8.publication9.copyright10.rest with11.subscribe12.restrict13.access14.issue15.far-reaching16.so far17.endeavor18.distribution19.estimate20.specialize in21.subject22.emerge23.identify24.site-licensing agreement25.typically26.peer-review27.criticize28.upset29.considerably30. emphasize31.facilitate32. render1.Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.2.The Internet —and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality.3.The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.4.Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.Text 31.professional2.dramatically3.obscuring4.unrecognized5.for many generation6.Illustrate7.assess8.design9.applicable10.obscure11.recruit12.nutrient13.notably14.adolescent15.prevention 16.posture17.withstand18.inflict19.Constraint20.maximum21.alteration22.by the large23.popularity24.adulthood25.cyclic26.reach one’s limit27.substantial28.strain29.architecture30.struggle with1.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.2.But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height.3. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.Text 431.surgery32.primitive33.medical practice34.dentist35.transplant36.extract37.spur38.from the bottom up39.moral compromise40.fragile41.infancy42.founder43.hamper44.distaste45.bedrock46.part with47.imperfect 48.Representation49.congressional50.statesman51.formula52.narrow53.inflate54.legislative55.cruelty56.prestige57.clause58.nutrient59.honesty60.tolerance61.stain62.carve63.deliberately1.hey have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.2. Works of several historians reveal th e moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.3.The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College.。