2012年考研英语第四篇阅读重要词汇整理
2012年考研英语Text4阅读逐句分析
2013年考研英语Text4阅读逐句分析If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he wouldprobably representcivil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists单词&词组搭配•represent [ˌreprɪˈzent]（出现6次）v.代表，象征，维护...的利益•prime [praɪm]（出现3次）adj.首先的，基本的；n.盛年，鼎盛时期•civil servant（公务员）•one in ten （十分之一）•belong to（属于）•public sector（公共部门）•private sector（私有部门）本段翻译如果工会主义者吉米还活着的话，他很可能代表着公务员。
2012专四阅读原文答案译文生词
PART V READING COMPREHENSION 【25 MIN】In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D．Choose the one that you think is the best answer．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．TEXT ASaying“thank you”is probably the first thing most of us learn to do in a foreign language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across national divides．译文：对我们大多数人来说，学说“谢谢”可能是在学外语的过程中首先学会的事情。
毕竟，我们从小受到的教育就是要有礼貌，而且给别人留下一个好印象很重要——尤其是在跨国交际中。
1、divide：vt. 划分；除；分开；使产生分歧vi. 分开；意见分歧n. [地理] 分水岭，分水线So, what exactly are you supposed to say when "thank you" is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of "thank you" in a poll of 3,000 people．译文：“thank you”在最受欢迎的表达感谢的方式中只排第20位，那么，你该究竟如何表达感谢呢?最近一项有3000人参与的民意调查显示，有19种比“thank you”更受欢迎的表达感谢的方式。
2012年考研英语一第四篇阅读难度
2012年考研英语一第四篇阅读难度一、概述2012年考研英语一的第四篇阅读材料是考研英语阅读中的一大难点。
本文将从难点所在、解题技巧以及备考建议三个方面对该篇阅读进行分析，帮助考生更好地应对考研英语一的阅读难度。
二、难点所在1. 语言难度：该篇文章的语言难度较大，涉及了一些比较深奥的词汇和句式，需要考生具备较强的词汇和语法基础才能较好地理解和把握文章内容。
2. 逻辑推理：文章内容涉及了较为复杂的逻辑推理和思维方式，考生需要具备较强的逻辑推理能力才能准确把握文章的主旨和细节。
三、解题技巧1. 熟悉题型：考生在备考过程中要熟悉考研英语的阅读题型，了解不同题型的解题技巧，比如细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题等。
2. 多练习：通过大量的练习，考生可以逐渐提高自己的语言能力和逻辑推理能力，增强解题的准确性和速度。
3. 多阅读：考生在备考过程中要多读一些英文文章，尤其是一些涉及科技、社会、文化等方面的文章，提高自己的英文阅读能力和综合素质。
四、备考建议1. 提前备考：考生在备考过程中要提前准备，制定科学的学习计划，合理安排时间，充分准备考试。
2. 多方练习：除了做真题和模拟题外，考生还可以多找一些英文文章进行阅读和练习，提高自己的阅读水平。
3. 注重基础：在备考过程中，考生要注重英语基础的打好，包括词汇量的积累、语法知识的掌握、逻辑推理能力的提高等。
4. 多参加训练班：考生可以报名参加一些英语阅读训练班，通过专业的指导和系统的训练来提高自己的阅读能力。
五、结语2012年考研英语一第四篇阅读难度较大，但只要考生在备考过程中有所努力，提前准备，多练习，加强基础，相信考生一定可以顺利应对考研英语一的阅读难度，在考试中取得理想的成绩。
六、解析难点所在《2012年考研英语一第四篇阅读难度》的主要难点在于语言难度和逻辑推理。
该篇文章使用了较为复杂的词汇和句式，涉及到一些学术性较强的专业术语和概念，需要考生具备较强的词汇积累和语法功底方能准确理解。
考研英语2012text4
考研英语2012text4
考研英语2012Text4的文章主要讨论了美国公务员union 的变化。
以下是文章的主要内容和答案：
1. 文章主题：探讨美国公务员union 的演变及其对政治和政策的影响。
2. 文章结构：
a. 首段：引入话题，说明美国公务员union 的历史悠久，但现在面临挑战。
b. 第二段：描述1960 年代，公务员union 力量的壮大，以及Jimmy Hoffa 这位工会领袖的影响。
c. 第三段：讲述Hoffa 去世后，公务员union 的衰落及其原因，如腐败、内部矛盾等。
d. 第四段：分析公务员union 现在的地位和挑战，如组织力量薄弱、成员流失等。
e. 结尾：指出公务员union 仍具有重要地位，呼吁改革和创新以适应现代社会。
3. 答案：
a. 问题37：第二段描述了1960 年代公务员union 的壮大，故答案为True。
b. 问题38：第四段提到公务员union 的收入差距，但未给出具体数据，故无法给出答案。
c. 问题39：根据第四段，公务员union 面临挑战，需要改革和创新，故答案为改革。
4. 建议参考资料：
a. 红宝书考研英语词汇：根据最新考研英语大纲，对词汇进行分类和深入解析，有助于备考。
b. 红宝书考研英语10 年真题：系统精析历年真题，提供解题思路和方法，适合复习。
c. 红宝书考研写作：以图画和话题为特色，符合最新考研英语写作命题要求，推荐参考。
请注意，以上答案仅供参考，具体问题可能因考试题目和语境而有所不同。
2012年考研英语真题词汇
2012年考研英语真题词汇mindless 愚笨的，盲目的，无谓的tear…away from sth 使依依不舍地离开，忍痛离去brutal 残忍的，野蛮的rebel 反叛，反抗bear 承受，忍受（负担）commodity 商品article 物件，物品turn over 移交，交托；仔细考虑pass down 继承，遗传personality 性格，个性portray 描绘，扮演（某角色）colony 殖民地，群体patrol 巡逻，巡查commute 上下班往返，经常往返（于两地）parallel 与…相似，与…并行counteract 抵消，中和from the outset 从开始时scorn 蔑视，鄙视revise 改变，修正ritual 惯例，老规矩，例行公事，仪式impoverish 贫困的chaotic 混乱的implication 含义，暗示on one’s own 独立做某事flat 固定的across-the-board 一刀切的thorny 棘手的put on hold 搁置，暂缓实施pervasive 普遍的，无处不在的intrinsically 从本质上（讲）fuse 使熔合be obsessed with 痴迷于…be pervasive in 充斥于…nursery 育儿室，托儿所pastel （色彩）淡的，柔和的toddler 幼童counsel 建议agitated 紧张不安的，焦虑的preliminary 初步的，预备的overturn 使倾覆，打翻monopoly 垄断者，垄断企业file 提出，提交，发表file a brief 提交案情提要the Supreme Court 最高法院file a patent for 就…提交专利申请convention 会议，惯例，习俗coach sb on sth 对某人就某事进行培训prudent 明智谨慎的，节俭的，精明的reckless 轻率的，鲁莽的，不顾后果的find silver linings 寻找一线希望stagnation 经济停滞、不景气reinforce 加强，强化resentment 怨气，怨恨，不满discern 识别，看清，领域lean 不景气的，贫瘠的，精干的poll 民意调查，民意测验trivial 无关紧要的，平凡的craze 时尚，时髦，热潮exemplary 模范的，可做楷模的cunning 狡猾，狡诈ruthlessness 无情，冷酷commemorate 庆祝，纪念resolute 坚决的，坚定的steadfast 忠诚的，坚贞不渝的epochal 具有时代意义的immense 巨大的wage 发动，进行（战争，战斗）multiplicity 多样性downstairs 底层阶级upstairs 上层阶级brain drain 人才流失deprive 剥夺follow the warranty policy 履行保修协议。
考研英语二2012text4
考研英语二2012text4摘要：I.引言- 介绍考研英语二的背景和重要性- 引出本文讨论的话题：2012 年考研英语二text4II.2012 年考研英语二text4 的概述- 文章的主题和结构- 文章的难度和考察的技能III.文章的详细分析- 第一段：描述一种现象，即人们通过社交媒体了解朋友的动态- 第二段：阐述社交媒体对人际关系的影响，主要是对朋友关系的影响- 第三段：分析社交媒体对朋友关系的影响，主要是对人们心理的影响- 第四段：展望未来，讨论社交媒体对朋友关系的影响将会如何发展IV.结论- 总结文章的主要观点- 提出自己的看法和思考正文：考研英语二2012text4 是一篇关于社交媒体对人际关系影响的文章。
通过详细分析这篇文章，我们可以更好地理解社交媒体对朋友关系的影响，以及这种影响对人们的心理产生的变化。
文章的第一段描述了一种现象，即人们通过社交媒体了解朋友的动态。
作者通过举例说明，人们现在不仅通过社交媒体了解新闻和娱乐信息，还通过社交媒体了解朋友的日常生活、工作和感情状态。
这种现象已经成为了一种普遍的生活方式，反映了社交媒体在现代社会中的重要性。
第二段阐述了社交媒体对人际关系的影响，主要是对朋友关系的影响。
作者指出，社交媒体使人们更容易维持联系，但也使人们更容易失去联系。
在社交媒体上，人们可以轻易地了解到朋友的近况，但这种了解往往是表面的，难以深入了解朋友的内心世界。
此外，社交媒体上的信息往往是片面的，容易导致误解和偏见。
第三段分析了社交媒体对朋友关系的影响，主要是对人们心理的影响。
作者通过引用心理学研究，指出社交媒体的使用会导致人们的焦虑和抑郁情绪增加。
这是因为，社交媒体上的信息往往是人们想要展示的最好一面，容易让人们产生比较心理，从而导致焦虑和抑郁。
第四段展望未来，讨论社交媒体对朋友关系的影响将会如何发展。
作者认为，随着社交媒体的不断发展，人们将会更加意识到社交媒体的弊端，并寻求更加真实和深入的人际关系。
2012年考研英语(一)阅读 text 4 精读精讲知乎
2012年考研英语(一)阅读text 4 精读精讲知乎全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Text 4 From the 2012 English Exam Was Really Hard!Hi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm in 5th grade. I love reading, especially really challenging books and articles. My parents are both professors and they always give me hard stuff to read to get me ready for the super difficult tests in college one day.Recently, my dad had me read this weird passage called "Text 4" that was on some old graduate school entrance exam from 2012 in China. He said it would be great practice for me to analyze a college-level reading passage. I thought it was going to be soooo boring, but it actually turned out to be really interesting!The passage was about the history of public parks in cities. It talked about how parks used to just be private gardens for rich people back in the 1600s and 1700s. Only fancy folks could go in them to stroll around and relax. But then the passage explainedhow public parks for everyone started becoming popular in the 1800s, especially in Britain.One of the main people it talked about was this guy named John Claudius Loudon. He was a Scottish botanist and horticulturist who lived in the early 1800s. The passage said Loudon was one of the first people to really promote the idea of public parks in cities that everyone could use and enjoy, not just aristocrats with private gardens.Loudon came up with this concept he called the "respiratory plants for town trees." Isn't that such a funny name? It basically meant that trees could serve as the "lungs of towns" by providing fresh oxygen. So Loudon thought filling cities with green spaces and parks with lots of trees was really good for people's health. That was a new idea back then that people didn't really think about before.The passage also discussed this other guy named Joseph Paxton who was a big public parks guy too. He helped design one of the most famous parks in London called Birkenhead Park in 1847. A bunch of copycat parks modeled after Birkenhead started popping up all over Britain after that because it was so popular and pretty.But then public parks soon spread way beyond Britain to other countries too. The passage mentioned that Frederick Law Olmsted, known as the "father of American landscape architecture," was really inspired by public parks he saw in Britain. So in 1858, he designed one of the first big public parks in the United States called Central Park in New York City. Just like the British parks were a hit, Central Park also became a huge success that made people in other American cities want amazing public parks too.I thought it was really fascinating how the passage traced the evolution of public parks from their origins as private household gardens, to their spread across Britain, and finally to becoming super popular in other countries like the United States too. The key figures it highlighted like Loudon, Paxton, and Olmsted made a lot of good points about why public parks are so great for cities and people's health. It makes total sense that having green spaces with trees surrounded by tons of tall buildings and crowds is relaxing and good for you.So that's the main idea I got from this Text 4 reading - that public parks used to be a totally radical concept until the 1800s when some innovative thinkers pushed for creating urban parks that everyone could enjoy, not just rich owners of privategardens. And those early public parks were so amazingly designed and refreshing that they sparked a huge worldwide movement to build parks in cities all over. Pretty cool history, right?Analyzing the passage was definitely a challenge with all the names, dates, details and new vocabulary words to remember. But I'm really glad my dad had me read it because I learned so much! For example, I had no clue what "respiratory," "horticulturist" or "aristocrat" meant before. And I didn't really know the origin of Central Park or other major city parks.Some parts were still pretty confusing though. Like why were private gardens so segregated way back then where only wealthy people could access them? That seems so unfair and sad that beautiful green spaces were off-limits to most people. The passage also didn't really explain why trees are so healthy for cities beyond providing fresh oxygen from the "respiratory plants" thing. Don't they also help absorb pollution, lower temperatures with shade, and give homes for animals too? More details on the actual benefits would have been helpful.Overall though, I had fun reading this old exam passage and learning the interesting history behind public parks that I just took for granted before. My friends and I love going to the parkby my house to run around, have picnics, and feed the ducks. But now I have a whole new appreciation for how those parks came to exist in the first place after reading Text 4!Let me know if you've had experience analyzing difficult reading passages like this one too. I'd love to hear your thoughts, especially if you're a college student who has taken hard tests like this. Reading primary sources from history is pretty dry sometimes, but uncovering forgotten stories can be fascinating once you get into it. I'm going to ask my dad for more challenging passages to read - maybe I'll become an expert on random historical topics before I even get to college!篇2Text 4 From the 2012 English Postgrad Exam – A Kid's GuideHey there, friends! Today, we're going to talk about a really interesting reading passage from the 2012 English postgraduate entrance exam. It's called Text 4, and it's all about a super cool topic – animal communication! Isn't that exciting? Let's dive right in!The passage starts by telling us that animals communicate with each other in all sorts of different ways. Some use sounds, like the chirping of birds or the roaring of lions. Others usemovements, like the wagging of a dog's tail or the flapping of a butterfly's wings. Isn't that neat? It's like they have their own secret language!Then, the passage talks about a scientist named Thomas Sebeok. He was really interested in how animals communicate and even started a whole field of study called "zoosemiotics." That's a big word, but it just means the study of how animals send and understand signals. Pretty cool, right?Now, here's where things get really interesting. The passage explains that animals don't just communicate with their own kind but also with different species! Can you believe that? It's like they all speak a universal language or something.For example, did you know that some birds can understand the alarm calls of other animals? That's right! If a bird hears a squirrel's warning cry, it knows danger is nearby and flies away. Isn't that amazing? It's like they're all part of one big animal neighborhood watch!The passage also talks about how animals can sometimes even communicate with plants! Yup, you read that right – plants! Apparently, some plants release chemicals into the air when they're being eaten by insects. These chemicals act as a distress signal, and nearby plants can pick up on them and startproducing their own defensive chemicals. It's like they're sending out an "SOS" message to their plant buddies!But that's not all! The passage mentions something called the "talking tree hypothesis." According to this idea, trees in a forest can communicate with each other through their roots and fungi in the soil. They can share information about things like nutrient levels, pests, and even warn each other about dangers like fires or disease. Can you imagine if trees could really talk? That would be so cool!So, what do you think? Do you believe that animals and plants can really talk to each other? Or is it all just a bunch of silly ideas? Either way, it's definitely an interesting topic to think about!Well, that's all for Text 4, my friends! I hope you found it as fascinating as I did. Who knew the animal kingdom could be so chatty? Maybe next time you see a bird or a squirrel, you can try to listen in on their conversation. Just don't be too disappointed if they don't say hi back!篇3Text 4 Time Travel - A Totally Cosmic Idea!Hey kids! Today we're going to talk about something really cool - time travel! You've probably seen movies about it, like Back to the Future. Well, get ready to have your mind blown because time travel isn't just for the movies. Scientists have actually been thinking about it for a long time!So what is time travel anyway? It's the idea of moving between different points in time - the past, present and future. Sounds crazy, right? But some super smart scientists think it might actually be possible based on some wild physics theories. Let me break it down for you.You know how sometimes when you're really tired, time feels like it's going slower than usual? Or when you're having a ton of fun, it feels like time is flying by? Well, according to a famous scientist named Einstein, that's because time is actually relative. It can change based on how fast you're moving and stuff like gravity. Whoa, mind=blown, right?Einstein came up with these ideas over a hundred years ago with his Theory of Relativity. It's some pretty heavy duty science, but the basic idea is that time isn't just a constant, straight line like we usually think. Instead, time and space are all mixed up together in what Einstein called the "space-time continuum." It'skind of like a big stretchy blanket that can get warped and distorted.And get this - according to Einstein's math, it's possible for something to warp the space-time continuum so much that it creates a "wormhole" - kind of like a shortcut through space and time! These wormholes are what could theoretically allow for time travel to the past or future.But wormholes are just theoretical right now. We've never actually seen one in real life. Scientists think they might exist in certain extreme environments, like around black holes or during the Big Bang when the universe started. But don't try punching a hole in space-time at home, kids!So if wormholes aren't an option yet, what about building an actual time machine? Well, some scientists think that using enormous amounts of energy and exotic matter, we might be able to warp space-time enough to take a little trip through the fourth dimension - time itself!The idea is that you'd use this massive energy to create a "closed timelike curve" in space-time that would loop back on itself, letting you revisit the past or future. Kind of like drawing a circle on that stretchy space-time blanket we talked about earlier.Like, what if you went back in time and accidentally stepped on a butterfly, and that little thing completely changed the future? That's called the "butterfly effect" and it shows how even tiny things can spiral out into massive changes in time. Woah, talk about high stakes!Or how about the "grandfather paradox?" What if you went back in time and accidentally...I don't know, distracted your grandpa or something so that he never met your grandma? Then you'd never have been born to go back in time in the first place! Paradoxes like that seem to violate all kinds of laws of physics and logic.That's why some scientists think true time travel might be impossible, even in theory. Or even if it is possible, maybe there are rules in place that prevent paradoxes like that from happening. Like maybe you can't actually change the past, you'd just be visiting it as an observer or something.But other scientists are like "Hold up, who says paradoxes are impossible? Maybe our limited human brains just can't comprehend them yet!" After all, a lot of the crazy modern physics we take for granted today, like quantum mechanics, seemed paradoxical at first too.So while we're still working on the details, actually being able to hop through time seems at least hypothetically plausible based on our current understanding of physics and the universe. Isn't that insane?!But who knows what the brilliant scientists of the future might achieve? With more studying and experimenting, time travel could eventually go from science fiction to science fact! Maybe one day, kids like you could take a field trip to the age of the dinosaurs. Or zip ahead to see what the 25th century is like. How cool would that be?For now though, we'll have to settle for exploring this wild idea through movies, books and our imaginations. But keep studying and working hard, and maybe YOU could be one of the scientists that finally cracks the code on time travel someday. Imagine getting to travel through all of history and the future! I don't know about you, but I'd go back and pet a woolly mammoth in a heartbeat. Just don't step on any butterflies, ok?篇4Text 4 is Super Hard but I Will Try to 'Splain ItHi friends! Today we are going to look at a very difficult reading passage from a big test in China. The test is called the2012 Engwish Test for Graduate 'Dmissions. That means it's a test that cowwege students have to take if they want to go to graduate school and get a master's degree or a doctowate. The reading passage is cawwed Text 4 and it's about marketing and business stuffs.The passage starts out by saying that marketing is about more than just adverrtising and sewwing things. It says marketing is awso about "developing, dewivering and communicating" vawue to customers. Vawue means making something that peopwe reawwy want and need. The passage tawks about the "marketing concept" which says that companies shouwd focus on meeting customers' needs instead of just trying to seww as much stuff as possibwe.Then it tawks about some changes that happened in marketing in the wast 60 years or so. It says that in the 1950s and 1960s, companies focused more on making wots of products instead of worrying about what custamers actuawwy wanted. This was cawwed the "production concept." Companies thought that if they made a wot of stuff, peopwe wouwd buy it aww.But then in the 1970s, there were too many products and not enough peopwe to buy them aww! So companies started using the "sewwing concept" instead. They tried reawwy reawwy hardto convince peopwe to buy aww their stuff with wots of ads and sawes tactics.After that didn't work very wewe, the passage says companies finawwy started using the "marketing concept" in the 1990s. Instead of just making a bunch of random stuff, they started asking customers what they actuawwy wanted and needed. Then they made products to meet those needs. So smart!The passage awso tawks about how marketers need to wook at the "Four Ps" - product, price, pwace and promotion. They need to make a good product that peopwe wiww buy at the right price. Then they need to put it in pwaces where customers can buy it easy, wike stores or onwine. And they need to teww peopwe about it with good ads and promotions.There's a whowe section about "rewationship marketing" too. This means companies shouwdn't just try to make one quick sawe. Instead, they shouwd buiwd good wong-term rewationships with their customers so they'ww keep buying from them over and over. Companies need to reawwy wisten to customers and give them good vawue.The passage says dat in today's gwobaw marketpwace, companies can't just seww the same owd junk anymore. Theyhave to come up with totawwy new and innovative products and business modews to stay ahead. Peopwe have wots of choices now from aww over the worwd, so companies have to work extra hard to keep deir customers happy and woyaw.There's a bit at the end about sustainabwe marketing too. It says companies need to be friendwy to de environment and society when dey make and seww stuff. They can't just powwute and expwoit peopwe to make money anymore. Sustainabwe companies are ones that are good for peopwe, pwanets and profits aww at de same time.Phew, dat was a reawwy tricky reading to understand! It used a bunch of compwicated marketing words wike "concept" and "sustainabwe" dat were pretty hard. But I worked reawwy hard and did my best to expwain aww the main ideas in pwain words dat are easy for wittwe kids wike me to get.Pwease wet me know if any part was too confusing or if you need me to 'spwain anyding better. I hope this hewped you understand Text 4 a wittwe bit more! Good wuck on your big test.篇5Title: Let Me Tell You All About This Crazy Reading Passage!Hey friends! Today I'm going to tell you all about this really wild reading passage I had to do for a big test. It was so confusing at first, but I think I finally figured it out. Get ready for an awesome story time!The passage is called "Text 4" which is a pretty boring name if you ask me. It's all about these tiny little creatures called "insects." Have you ever seen one of those? They're seriously small! Like smaller than your baby finger small. The passage says there are more species of insects than any other group of creatures on Earth. Whoa, that's a ton of bugs!Anyway, the reading talks about how insects have been around for over 400 million years. That's like...forever ago! It says they were the first creatures to grow wings and fly. Can you imagine a world with no birds or planes, just a bunch of giant bugs buzzing around? Crazy!So insects are super old and there are millions of types. The passage goes on to explain that even though they're small, insects are extremely important. It says they pollinate over 75% of the world's flowering plants! That's how we get fruits, veggies, and all sorts of yummy food. Who knew bugs played such a big role?But get this - the passage says insects are going extinct at a very fast rate. Scientists estimate that over 40% of all insect species could go extinct in the next few decades! That's so sad. The world needs those little guys.Why are all the bugs disappearing? Well, apparently humans are mostly to blame. We're destroying their homes and habitats by cutting down forests, growing cities, and using tons of chemicals and pesticides that poison insects. Oops, our bad!If all the insects die out, it would be an absolute disaster according to the reading. Food supplies would completely collapse since plants can't get pollinated properly. The passage warns it could trigger a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems." Yikes, that doesn't sound good at all!We definitely need to do something to protect insect species. The reading suggests some ideas like reducing pesticide use, preserving natural habitats, and creating insect-friendly environments. We should all build some cute little bug houses in our backyards!Okay,篇6Text 4 From the 2012 English Exam Was Really Hard!Hi friends! Today I want to tell you all about a really tough reading passage I had to do for a big test called the English entrance exam. It was called Text 4 and it was super long and had all these big words that made my brain hurt. But I tried my best to understand it, just like my teacher says I should always do. Let me break it down for you!The passage was all about these tiny little animals called seed bugs. I had never even heard of seed bugs before! It said they are only a few millimeters long and they live inside seeds from plants like orchids and bushes and trees. Can you imagine being that small and living inside a seed? I can't!Anyways, the passage said that even though seed bugs are really really tiny, they are actually super important. This is because they help spread the seeds from the plants they live in so new plants can grow in different places. Basically, the seed bugs eat the inside of the seed and then poop out the remains. Isn't that crazy? Their poop helps grow new plants!The passage talked a lot about how seed bugs do this spreading seeds thing. Apparently, after they're done eating the insides, they chew a hole and crawl out of the seed. Then they hitchhike on bigger bugs or animals and get carried far awaybefore jumping off somewhere new. That's when their seed poop comes out and can start growing into a plant if it lands somewhere good for that.There was also a lot of scientific words explaining the different types of seed bugs and plants they live in. Like there are "seed predators" that just eat and leave, versus "seed dispersers" that poop out the remains. And plants can be "self-dispersed" if they spread their own seeds through the air, or "dispersed" if animals like seed bugs help spread the seeds. It was a lot to remember!The hardest part was understanding all the different strategies the passage said seed bugs use. Some seed bugs are "gatekeepers" and only let certain seeds get spread based on if they're a good home for baby seed bugs. Others are "squatters" and just live in whatever seed until it falls apart. And some are "baby farmers" that leave part of the seed so their babies have a safe place to hatch! Wasn't that just mind-blowing?There were also sections explaining the life cycle of seed bugs, how they develop from eggs to larvae to adults over months or years depending on the species. And how their colors and patterns help camouflage them from predators trying to eat the seeds they live inside.Phew, I'm getting tired just thinking about all that crazy seed bug info again! The reading took me forever and I'm still not sure if I understood everything right. Like why would a plant even want an animal hanging out eating its seeds? Shouldn't it be trying to protect them instead? I guess that's just how nature works sometimes.Well, that's my extremely simplified summary of Text 4 and all its intense seed bug facts. Looking back, I can see why it was picked to stump us English students - it used lots of obscure scientific vocabulary in a really dense writing style. But now you know what I had to push my little brain through for that big important test. Do you feel smarter about seed bugs yet? I know I do! Thanks for listening to me ramble on and I'll talk to you all next time!。
2012年考研英语阅读热点词汇汇总
2012年考研英语阅读热点词汇汇总教育词汇education学历educational background教育程度educational history学历curriculum课程major主修minor副修educational highlights课程重点部分curriculum included课程包括specialized courses专门课程courses taken所学课程courses completed所学课程special training特别训练social practice社会实践part-time jobs业余工作summer jobs暑期工作vacation jobs假期工作refresher course进修课程extracurricular activities课外活动physical activities体育活动recreational activities娱乐活动academic activities学术活动social activities社会活动rewards奖励scholarship奖学金"Three Goods" student三好学生excellent League member优秀团员excellent leader优秀干部student council学生会off-job training脱产培训in-job training在职培训educational system学制academic year学年semester学期〔美〕term学期〔英〕president校长vice-president副校长dean院长assistant dean副院长academic dean教务长department chairman系主任professor 教授associate professor副教授guest professor客座教授lecturer 讲师teaching assistant助教research fellow研究员research assistant助理研究员supervisor 论文导师principal中学校长〔美〕headmaster中学校长〔英〕master小学校长〔美〕dean of studies教务长dean of students教导主任probation teacher代课教师tutor家庭教师governess女家庭教师intelligence quotient(IQ) 智商pass及格fail不及格marks分数grades分数scores分数examination考试grade年级class班级monitor班长vice-monitor副班长commissary in charge of studies学习委员commissary in charge of entertainment文娱委员commissary in charge of sports体育委员commissary in charge of physical labor劳动委员Party branch secretary党支部书记League branch secretary团支部书记Commissary in charge of organization组织委员Commissary in charge of publicity宣传委员degree学位post doctorate博士后doctor(Ph.D)博士master硕士bachelor学士student学生graduate student研究生abroad student留学生returned student回国留学生foreign student外国学生undergraduate大学肄业生senior大学四年级学生；高中三年级学生Junior 大学三年级学生；高中二年级学生Sophomore 大学二年级学生；高中一年级学生Freshman 大学一年级学生Guest student旁听生〔英〕Auditor 旁听生〔美〕government-supported student公费生commoner自费生extern走读生day-student走读生intern实习生prize fellow奖学金生boarder寄宿生classmate同班同学schoolmate同校同学graduate毕业生scholar 学者Internet词汇internet, internet work, interconnection network 互联网, 又名互连网。
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2012年考研英语第四篇阅读重要词汇整
理
这是一篇关于某些西方国家中存在的社团和政府组成人员关系的政治性文章，文章总体难度不大，其中的超纲单词也不是很多，这篇文章主要是为大家介绍20个高频重点单词，希望大家在学习中，认真复习和准备相应的词汇。
1. 25unionist ['juːnɪənɪst]
n. 公会成员，联盟成员
【词根记忆】：uni(一)+ on(名词后缀)+ ist(表示人的名词后缀)→同一个机构里的人→公会成员，联盟成员
【真题例句】：If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant.如果贸易公会成员Jimmy Hoffa今天依然在世的话，他可能能够代表公务员成员。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
2. 14represent [,rɛprɪ'zɛnt]
vt. 1. 作为的代表(或代理) 2. 表示，象征3. 描绘，表现
【词根记忆】：re(= again)+present (感觉)→另一种感觉，代表别人感觉→代表，象征【短语搭配】：knowledge representation知识表示;知识表达
symbolic representation符号表示;符号表征;符号性表象
【真题例句】：Now, 90 years after the first concession of equal status in our democracy, women are still under represented and, often, under represented in Canadian politics. 现在，在我们民主国家的平等地位获得认可的90年之后，女性在加拿大政界还没有足够的代表权或者说完全没有代表权。
(2007年Text 4)
3. 5associate [ə'soʃɪet]
vt. 联想;交往;联合;n. 伙伴;a. 联合的
【词根记忆】：as (to)+ soci (伙伴的)+ ate (动词后缀)→使成为伙伴→伙伴，联想
【短语搭配】：associate professor副教授
associate with v. 联合;与…联系在一起;和…来往
【真题例句】：Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. 英国劳动党，正如其名字暗示的那样，已经和贸易联盟联合已久。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
4. 42position [pə'zɪʃən]
n. 1. 位置，方位2. 地位，职位，职务3. 姿势，姿态4. 见解，立场vt. 安放，放置，安置
【词根记忆】：pose(放置)+tion(名词后缀)→放置得找到正确的位置→放置
【短语搭配】：in position of 管理，负责
【真题例句】：Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.其现任领导Ed Miliband从公共工会那得到的投票使他赢得了自己的职位。
(2012年
阅读Text 4)
5. 60influence ['ɪnfluəns]
n.1.影响，影响力 2.产生影响的人(或事物) 3.势力，权势
【词根记忆】：in进去+flu流+ence名词后缀→流进去→影响
【短语搭配】：influence on对…的影响;
influence in干涉
【真题例句】：At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. 在州一级别他们的影响更是触目惊心。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
6. 6budget ['bʌdʒɪt]
n.预算v.做预算
【联想记忆】：bud-花苞，get-得到→在还是花苞的时候就已经孕育着果实，果实可以出售得到钱→做预算
【短语搭配】：project budget 工程预算
【真题例句】：Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s 6budget is patrolled by unions. 加利福尼亚公共政策研究所的Mark Baldassare指出，加州的大部分预算都要经过公会的审查。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
7. 5prison ['prɪzn]
n. 监狱
【词根记忆】：pri(抓住)+son(人)→抓到的人都关在这里→监狱
【短语搭配】：in prison坐牢
escape from prison越狱
【真题例句】：The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.教师工会关注学校，CCPOA关注监狱，而大量的工人组织关注健康事业。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
8. 15variety [və'raɪəti]
n. 种种,多种多样;种类,品种
【词根记忆】：vari=(vary-转变)，ety=ity-(名词后缀)
【短语搭配】：a great variety of 各种各样的
【真题例句】：To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. 现代的考古学家一般依靠系统的调查方法和各种高科技工具、技术手段来找到他们想找的遗址。
(2014年阅读新题型)
9. 41benefit ['bɛnɪfɪt]
n.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益
【词根记忆】：bene-词根：好+“fit”与“fic”同源，都来自于“fict”的简写→l利益，好处
【短语搭配】：benefit from得益于
【真题例句】：But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. 但是，真正的收获来源于福利和工作实践。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
10. 43achieve [ə'tʃiv]
vt.1.实现，完成2.达到，得到vi.达到预期目的
【词根记忆】：a-前缀：动作化，“chieve”音变自“chief-词根：头”，f浊化为v以做动词→到“头”了→完成
【短语搭配】：achieve perfection 臻于完美
achieve professionalism 达到职业水平
achieve modernization 实现现代化
【真题例句】：John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers.哈佛肯尼迪学校的John Donahue指出：西方公共服务的文化标准适合那些想要稳定的人，但是不利于哪些有更高追求的人。
(2012年阅读Text 4)
总之，同学们在进行复习的时候要多多注意单词的意义，用词根词缀这种科学而又高效的方法来助记单词。