2015年职称英语考试模拟试题卫生类概括大意

Are You a Successful Leader?Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation.At work or at play,you’ll find yourself in groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbors wanting to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.Partly because we need to do it so often.In almost every situation where you’re in a group,you will need a skilled leader.All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear.Some personalities dominate and other disappears.Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef, Antonio Carlucci says,“True leaders a re born and you can spot them in kitchens.”They’re people who combine toughness,fairness and humour.Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural–born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don’t make people do things in a bossy, controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensitive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.23.Paragraph1__________.24.Paragraph2__________.25.Paragraph3__________.26.Paragraph4__________.A.A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B.These techniques are used to train leaders.C.Training can make good leaders.D.Most of good leader are natural-born.E.It’s important to have a good leader.F.People are in groups.27.One of the major keys to success is____.28.Groups often break down because of____.29.Good leaders always avoid_____.30.Self-confidence is the key to____.A.the ability to work with others.B.encouraging group membersck of good leadersD.bossing people aroundE.working out good strategiesF.overcoming fears about being a leaderThe Role of Governments1Governments determine the legal framework that sets the basic meets for the ownership of property and the operation of markets.In addition governments at all levels regulate economic behavior,setting detailed rules for the operation of businesses.Such regulations apply to all businesses;examplesinclude laws against fraud and racial discrimination.2Governments buy and produce many goods and services,such as defense,education,parks,and roads,which they provide for firms and households.They typically buy computers but write programs they need to operate ernments also produce and sell goods.In many countries the phone company is government?owned,like the electric system.3Governments also make transfer payments,such as Social Security and unemployment benefits to individuals.Transfer payments are payments for which no current economic goods or service is provided in return and therefore do not represent expenditure(支出)for the purchase of final products.A firefighter’s salary is not a transfer payment,but welfare benefits are.4Governments pay for the goods they buy and for the transfer payments they make mostly by collecting taxes, including personal income taxes,property taxes,social insurance taxes,and sales taxes.Over60%of the government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government. This does not include taxes collected by state and city governments.5Every market economy suffers from business cycles.Governments,through their control of taxes and government spending and through their ability to control the quantity of money,often attempt to modify fluctuations(波动)in the business cycle.For instance,the government may reduce taxes in a recession(萧条)in the hope that people will increase spending and thus raise the GNP.23Paragraph224Paragraph325Paragraph426Paragraph5A Collecting TaxesB Making Transfer PaymentsC Making Laws and RegulationsD Buying and Selling Goods and ServicesE Stabilizing the EconomyF Controlling the Market27Governments regulate economic behavior,and the regulations.28Besides buying and producing services,governments also.29The government revenue in the U.S.is collected by the federal government and.30The government may reduce taxes in a recession in order to.A apply to all businessB raise the GNPC state and city governmentD reduce spendingE modify flutuations in the business cycleF produce and sell goodsSafe Coffee Drinking of Pregnant Women1researchers found no evidence of a link between prematurity,birth weight and the amount of caffeine consumed by mothers-to-be.2previous studied suggested caffeine might harm unborn babies as is stays in the system longer in pregnant women, passing easily to a growing baby.Health officials have warned that a high caffeine intake could affect birth weight or the chance of having a miscarriage,pregnant women are advised against drinking more than four cups of coffee a day-or six cups of tea.3the study,by the university of Aarhus in Denmark,recruited more than1,000women before they were20 week’s pregnant,who drank at least three cups of coffee a day.The group was split into two,with568women drinking ordinary instant coffee and629drinking decaffeinated.The authors then monitored the birth weight of1,150newborn babies and the length of pregnancy for the babies.4the study,published by the British Medical Journal, found“no significant difference”between the two groups for birth weight or length of pregnancy.The researchers concluded that a moderate reduction in caffeine intake in the second half of pregnancy had“no effect”on the outcome.5the women were not told what type of coffee they were drinking,and the research was adjusted to take into account factors such as age,weight and whether the women smoked.When the adjustments were made,the average weight of babies born to women in the decaffeinated group was a mere16g higher than those born to women in the caffeinated group,the study said. The average difference in the length of pregnancy was less than two days.6A spokeman for the British Coffee Association said:”this new study is very interesting and supports the consistent advice given that pregnant women should stick to a safe upper limit-in line with guidance issued by the Food Standards Agency. This equates to three cups of brewed,or four cups of instantcoffee.”A debate about caffeine intakeB experiment done on the influence of caffeineCeffect of caffeine intake on babies and pregnancy.D traditional ideas and warnings about caffeineE scientific caffeine allowanceF advantages of caffeine intake23paragraph2___________________24paragraph3__________________25paragraph5___________________26paraghaph6___________________27according to the health officials,a High caffeine intake___________.28it is advised by the officials that a Pregnant woman___________.29the study conducted by university of Aarhus________________.30According the new study,a pregnant woman________________.A should drink moderate cups of coffee and tea.B showed little difference in the length of pregnancy from the two groupsC should keep away from the instant coffee and tea.D increased the possibility of abortion.E should drink no more than three cups of brewed coffee.参考答案：D B C E D A B E答案解析：23D第二段提到了以前的关于孕妇摄入咖啡因的调查结果和一些鉴于该研究基础上对于孕妇的忠告。