大作文、小作文(1)
申论小作文与大作文区别
申论小作文与大作文区别
申论小作文与大作文在形式和内容上存在一些区别。
首先，申论小作文通常是一篇短文，字数较少，要求简洁明了。
它通常以题目为中心，要求对某个特定的问题或情况进行简要的描述、分析和总结。
在写作过程中，要注意简洁明了、重点突出，避免篇幅过长或话题扩展过多。
此外，申论小作文还需要注意结构的完整性，包括引言、论据和结论的完整性，使文章逻辑清晰且紧凑。
相反，大作文通常是一篇较长的文章，字数较多，要求有一定的论述深度。
它通常以议论文或论述性文章形式存在，需要对一个广泛的议题或主题进行全面深入的分析和阐述。
在写作过程中，要注意论述的连贯性和逻辑性，避免内容过于片面或跳跃。
大作文还需要运用一定的论证方法，如引用案例、数据统计等，以增强文章的说服力。
此外，大作文常常涉及不同的观点和立场，写作者需要全面考虑各方面因素，并在文章中进行合理的权衡和对比。
综上所述，申论小作文和大作文在长度、深度、论证方式等方面存在一定的区别。
无论是小作文还是大作文，都需要根据题目要求仔细分析，并针对性地进行写作。
写作时要注意结构、语言和逻辑的统一性，用恰当的方式表达自己的观点和论证，从而达到写作目的。
剑桥英语4雅思考官范文(大作文+小作文)
剑4 2-1The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.On average, 11% of all households,comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children(7%) than those with children(12%). It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples(only 4%) rather than single elderly people(6%).Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.剑4 2-2Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success,others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness, too. But this does not mean that people without these conditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.剑4 3-1The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999We can see immediately that there were substantial difference in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. Bycontrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%).At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively)，and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.剑4 4-2In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline.They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.。
那件小事儿可真不小作文（精选30篇）
那件小事儿可真不小作文（精选30篇）那件小事儿可真不小作文篇1一天下午放学，我飞快的跑出校门，急匆匆地往家里赶。
突然，一阵微风吹来，地上的一张纸片夹杂着尘土，一起“扑”到我的脚上，我赶紧躲开，跺跺脚说：“谁那么讨厌，乱扔垃圾”，我弯下腰刚要去把捡垃圾捡起来，可我又停了下来，那几张纸太脏了，揉的皱皱巴巴的，好像还有狗狗的粪便。
心想：这么恶心的垃圾一定粘有很多很多的细菌，而且那么多人都不去捡，为什么我要捡呢？还是回家吧。
可我刚走了几步，觉得这样不好，我回过头来看着那肮脏的废纸还静静地躺在那儿。
它与周围的树木、绿草格格不入。
脑子里想起：“老师和爸爸妈妈经常教育我，要保护环境，不要乱人垃圾。
虽然这个不是我丢的垃圾，但我也有责任捡起它来”。
想到这，我决定必须回去捡起垃圾，于是我小心翼翼的捏着垃圾纸的一角，把它丢到垃圾桶了。
做完之后，我就高高兴兴的往家赶了，这一路上我的心情也觉得舒畅了很多！保护环境，人人有责。
可保护环境也是要从一点一滴做起，不乱丢垃圾，看是小事，其实不小，以后我要多做一点这样的小好事。
那件小事儿可真不小作文篇2诚信就像船桨，为我们的人生之路推波助澜；自律就像舵盘，为我们坚守人生的航向。
那件小事让我懂得做人要诚信自律。
离开学还有一天，刚好赶上我们这里特有的节日—葡萄节，我和爸爸便一起去了。
汽车行驶在宽阔的水泥路上，四周的山坡都架满了葡萄，好似撒了一地的紫水晶。
天空蓝蓝的，白云像是织女赶织出来的薄纱，一层一层的。
不一会儿，离中心地越来越近，车与车之间也拥挤起来。
“哎呀，怎么车位都满了，停哪呢？”爸爸有点焦急地说。
我被窗外热闹的景象所吸引，随口说道，“就停路边那个空的地方吧！”“你怎么能这麽想，停在路边是会妨碍交通的。
今天车这么多，交警的任务本来就繁重，我们就更应该自律。
”爸爸皱着眉头对我说道。
爸爸的严肃让我一时间有点不知所措，但心里仿佛又多了点什么。
最后，我们把车停在一个吃饭免费停车的烧烤大院。
英语一大作文模板和小作文模板
大作文一:积极类段落一In the cartoon above we can see that____,which symbolically indicates a prevailing phenomenon.Beyond doubt,what the picture subtly conveys Is____, which is not just as simple as it looks.As a result,the picture offers us a basis to consider its positive influence.段落二I believe that there are two perspectives allowing us to appraise the remarkable impact of_____.In the first place,it Is well-known that_____has potentially improved all aspects of social development.In addition to the former,____tends to be positively affected in the aspects of individual physical and psychological development as well. For instance,success will be achieved more easily for those who have_____ awareness.Disappointingly,some of the negative factors have been ignored in recent years,which may have adverse impacts on our lives as well as the general public over time.段落三The active efforts of government organizations and individuals should be made to provide more energy for this theme.The first accepted proposal is for the government to awaken public awareness of this situation.Secondly,today's youth should also strive to arouse people’s attention of this social problem and raise vigilance against the consequences that may hinder our development.I have always had a positive attitude towards this issue because I firmly believe that this state will eventually be ameliorated one day.大作文二:消极类段落一A clear impression is shown in the illustration above,which demonstrates that_____.In fact,______has become a contentious topic among a considerable number of people.It turns out to be irresistable for people to ask how the issue has deteriorated into such an alarming state.段落二There are two main points regarding the root cause of this,I believe,although some people may take it differently.First of all,I am convinced that_____occurs endlessly because of the loss of awareness to conduct good manners.Worse still,many people have violated moral rules,making untested information widely disseminated and replicated.Therefore.it is worthwhile to direct time and efforts towards this issue.Unfortunately,there is always a tendency in society to overlook this problem,which may have some negative effects on all aspects of society.段落三As far as I know,we should deal with this issue from different perspectives. Primarily,those in high positions should aggrandize public awareness of the effects that the situation result in.In addition,the participation of each individual is crucial to ensuring the ultimate success.I am convinced that these methods will lay the foundation for further development which is helpful for people to live a happier life in the future.小作文1：适合邀请信Dear Sir/Madam,I am currently a senior student from_____.Please allow me to invite you,_____ You are supposed to be informed of some key information as one of our distinguished guests.First of all,the event will kick off at7pm in the Main Hall next Sunday.After the opening ceremony there will be a speech given by a special quest. Finally.an interaction activity will be held with all participants involved.which will be the most meaningful part of the event.Many thanks for sparing time to read the invitation letter.All of us will be honored by your presence.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文2：适合询问/请求/求助信Dear Sir/Madam,I am a student in the final year at_____.I am writing to request more information about_____Firstly,______as it Is an area of huge interest for.me,Could you please*provide any details on______as well asany additional offering that could help me?It would be greatly appreciated if you could send me with relevant booklets of the above-mentioned aspects.It will be greatly appreciated that you could,provide any relevantintormation as soon as possible.Thank you for your time and patience with this letter.Yours sincerely,Li Ming小作文3：适合求职/申请信Dear Sir/Madam,I am a student in the final year at_____.The purpose of this letter is to apply for_____ that you have posted innewspaper.There are two reasons for my_application.First of all,just like I got excellent grades in college,I believe that my learning ability is a great advantage.in facing all difficulties.I believe that my abilities of coping with challenges and completing daunting tasks have made me qualified for the position.If you require any further information,please feel free to call me.Thank you in advance for your assistance.Yours sincerely,Li Ming小作文4：适合推荐/介绍信Dear Sir/Madam,I am a senior student of_____.You may be interested in_____,which is my introduction/recommendations to you.My recommendations/introductions,including two aspects,will be underlined here.First,_________will contribute to improving the conditions. Moreover,______which will play a positive role in your study/life.I would like to thank you for taking this into account.Please let me know as soon as possible if you require further information.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文5：适合道歉/辞职信Dear Sir/Madam,I really hope that you will be able to accept my apology for______.There are a few factors involved.which I believe is necessary to write you a letter for It. The first problem is_____________,which in my opinion is the most worrying.A smaller issue was___________.Whilst not significant Itself,it is still something that led to the problem.I will be happy to answer any additional question you might have. There is no ward that can fully express my regret.I look forward to receiving your response.Yours sincerely,Li Ming小作文6：适合祝贺信Dear Sir/Madam,Please accept my congratulations on____,for you truly deserve the honor.I know how much effort you have made for your goal,and you deserve it.All these years,your efforts and persistence are prominent to all,which I believe has led you to the current achievements._________opens the first door for you to success as you can embrace a higher life stage due to it.With your challenging life journey,out of any question,you have spurred me to strive for my own goal. May you smooth life!I sincerely hope that you can make greater achievements.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文7：适合建议信Dear Sir/Madam,I am a student at_____,currently in the last year.I would like to take the opportunity to make some suggestions that_______.Now.I would like to demonstrate two reasons of my suggestions.Firstly, ___________which would improve the current situation to a great extent.Moreover, ___________which will play a positive role inI would like to thank you for taking this into account.I hope my suggestions would be of help.And look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文8：适合投诉信Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing this letter as a student from________.During this letter I wish to express a complaint I have about________.There are two experiences making me angry.What frustrated me was that_______.Even though I telephoned you about that again and again.nobody responded to my calling.For the questions mentioned above,I hope you can______. Thank you for squeezing out time from a tight schedule for the letter.And looking forward to your reply soon.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文9：适合感谢信Dear Sir/Madam,Many thanks for all the good things you have done in helping me to______.Had it not been for your prompt/generous assistance,I would not have_____. Your help has proved indispensable for me on the road towards what I am today.In addition,your excellent solution to this problem has given me a great inspiration,which will be of great help to stly,I am desperate for a chance to repay you,If possible.Please accept my most cordial thanks for your timely help,which I will always remember.May you all the best and keep contact.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 小作文10：适用通知告示NoticeWe would like to invite you to our___________at the conference hall on next Sunday.It is open to all senior students from our university.The event will begin at7pm with a speech.Dr Lee has kindly consented to grace the occasion as our guest speaker.In addition,there will be a big celebration of the event in the evening.We hope this will give you time to meet other students across the university.We invite all the students to attend it and make this event a grand success.We expect to see you there.The Students’Union。
做好每一件小事作文（通用23篇）
做好每一件小事作文做好每一件小事作文（通用23篇）在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中，大家总免不了要接触或使用作文吧，作文要求篇章结构完整，一定要避免无结尾作文的出现。
那么一般作文是怎么写的呢？下面是小编收集整理的做好每一件小事作文（通用23篇），供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
做好每一件小事作文篇1生活有许许多多的小事构成，许多小事验证生活的真谛。
——题记我们现在每天都有太多的事情，这不是大事，是许许多多的小事，每一缕色彩都是其中的内涵。
“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之。
”许多大事由小事构成，可是如果我们连最基本的小事都做不成，只是行恶，那怎样干成一番大事业呢？雷锋是家喻户晓的人物，他对人民热心给予帮助，他做的难道不是大事吗？不，是小事。
假如我们像他那样做好生活中的小事，我们就是生活的成功者，生活会变得有价值，因为我们做好了最光荣的基本原则。
在我们的学习生活中，不可能有光辉灿烂的历史，有的只是平凡小事。
例如：生活中有的同学遇到困难，热心伸出援助之手，当回到家中，我们多尽一些子女的责任，多为父母、为老师着想，不让他们为我们牵挂，这就做好了生活中的小事，为自己，为他人，为社会尽到责任，因为“一个人能对自己负责，这并不是一件小事。
”王顺友是一位邮递员。
他在大山里奔波送信，传递着亲情的桥梁，他每天要走好多路，但他却经常忍饥挨饿，他站在自己的平凡岗位上，视邮件为生命，当邮包落到江中时，他跳入江中，与激流搏斗一个多钟头，把邮包拖上了岸。
他做的事很小，他尽到了自己应尽的责任，他认真对待小事，才赢得了人民的信任和支持。
世界有万物构成，多彩的生活由小事织成。
生活的美好需要自己去制造，做好每一件小事，编织人生绚丽的梦，做好每一件小事，建筑生活绚丽的高塔，做好每一件小事，迸射成功的胜利火花。
温柔的星光如流水般倾泻而下，仿佛是漏过了一曲悦耳的琴声。
做好生活中每一件小事，在这天地间回旋。
要想成功，做好每一件小事，要想让生命无悔，做好每一件小事。
四年级的作文_1(1).doc
四年级的作文四年级的作文篇1我和外公去山上挖笋，路过一块黑黝黝的岩石。
突然，我发现这块热得直发烫的岩石上，竟长了一株并不起眼的小野花。
岩石上，这朵小花显得那么孤单，那么卑微，那么俗气，但是我不得不向它低头。
因为它那内在的精神，既是一种特殊的伟大，也是一种令我不可言喻的自信、坚忍与顽强。
这朵野花纤细的茎，傲然挺立在岩石之中，它那翠绿的叶子苍翠欲滴。
它的身边，没有肥沃的土壤，没有青翠的伙伴，只有炎热酷暑，飞沙走石。
它或许是一只鸟儿不慎掉落的，也可能是从山上滚落下来的。
它长期地待在这块岩石上，经受着风霜雨打的考验。
豆大的雨点打在它身上，狂风吹弯了它纤弱的身体，它时时面临着折腰的危险。
但它站起来了，尽管身上早已伤痕累累。
在一天天生命的磨练中，它不断地积蓄能量。
终于，在阳光晴朗的一天，它爆发出了自己全部的力量——它长出了第一个花苞，绽放出了生命中最大的快乐。
那雪白的颜色，成为岩石上最美丽的风景。
敬重卑微，使我把生命看得严肃，看得深刻，看得坚强而勇敢。
比起这朵小野花，我们还有什么理由言渺小、说卑微？生命，永远只有一次！四年级的作文篇2春风，就像妈妈的手，慈爱地抚摸我的脸，让我感到温暖和舒适。
春天，我们来到草坪上，和春风捉迷藏。
可我总是赢不了它，因为它总是神神秘秘的，来无影去无踪，我们谁也看不到它，谁也追不上它，只好悄悄地自己找伙伴玩游戏了。
有一次，我叫上了班里跑步最快的两个同学，去和春风一争高下。
一开始，我们不甘示弱，尽全力奔跑，可后来，我们慢慢地体力不支，到最后难以坚持，只能逃之夭夭，自找乐趣去了。
春风在我们身后吐吐舌头，说：“怎么样，还敢来比一比吗？”春风有时那么调皮，有时又是那么温柔。
虽然，它有时会耍小聪明，但我还是喜欢乖巧的它。
四月的太阳有时也是炽热的，我们站在学校的操场上，被太阳晒得满头大汗，这时，只要春风一吹，就会无比凉爽，让人精神大振。
春风，有时是那么调皮，我喜欢它；有时，是那么天真，我喜欢它；有时，是那么温柔，我喜欢它；有时，又是那么聪明，我也喜欢它……说起风，春风胜过其他任何一种风！四年级的作文篇3是什么东西能让全场沸腾呢？答案是干冰。
平凡中的伟大作文（通用32篇）
平凡中的伟大作文（通用32篇）平凡中的伟大作文篇1晨光熹微，忽明忽暗，像一颗颗宝石，像一粒粒珍珠。
月亮从东边升起了，一轮金光的月，光溜的月。
像一面镜子，柔和的光芒，给人一种舒适和迷恋的感觉。
说起高尚的人，还要说大街上那平凡的清洁工，他们勤勤恳恳，为人民服务，不管什么时候，他们都在辛苦的工作，从来没怨言，总是将地打扫的干干净净。
去年的时候，我和妈妈出去玩，走在大街上，我发现这里的地十分干净，突然一个清洁工引起我的注意力，她用一把很旧的扫把认真的扫地，身上已经全是汗水了，衣服已然全部都湿透了。
我的回来的路上，我又看见了她，她显然已经很累了，在一直擦汗，而从来没休息过。
这时，一个满脸骄横，打扮得珠光宝气的女人路过，她看到街上的尘土，再轻藐的看这个清洁工责备道：“你干什么呢？把这打扫的尘土飞扬，这像什么事！”这个清洁工连忙道歉，给她避开了一条路，年轻女子“哼”了一声，侧身闪过，而那清洁工什么也没说，笑着摇摇头，又去干活了。
看到这一幕，我心想：“这个清洁工心胸那么宽阔？别人为难她，她只是一笑而过，不斤斤计较。
她是那么无私奉献，早上四五点起来，为人民服务，认真的扫地；她是那么勤恳，认真干自己的工作，工作完，身上总是又脏又臭，她也没什么抱怨，仍旧认真工作。
”平凡的清洁工人，不平凡的工作。
我们为你点赞！平凡中的伟大作文篇2在我们的生活中，有很多平凡的人却做着令人感动的事。
清洁工—再平凡不过的人，却经常出现在我们面前，做着看似不起眼的工作，但没有他们，我们生活的环境却无法想象，而我们却常常忽略他们。
记着冬季的一天早上，大概六点多钟，天刚蒙蒙亮。
我起床无意间透过窗户看到了一个人在空旷的道路上做着什么，因为冬天的寒冷，路上基本没有什么行人，所以他引起了我的注意。
只见他穿着厚重的橘黄色的工作服，在清晨微弱阳光的照耀下笨拙的拿着铁锹在铲雪，时不时用戴着脏手套的手擦一下脸上微微浸出的汗水。
这么寒冷的冬天，而且是清晨，难道他不冷吗？看着他不畏严寒的劳动着，心里说不出的心酸。
青海联考(县乡)申论真题大作文
青海联考(县乡)申论真题大作文《乡村发展的多元路径：从青海县乡看起在青海的县乡地区，有着独特的发展景象，就像我之前去的一个小乡村。
那个村子不大，一排排的房屋错落有致。
我去的时候正值夏天，阳光洒满了整个村庄。
村里的路是那种不太平整的石子路，走起来还得小心点石头硌脚。
村子里的主要经济来源是种地，大片大片的农田里种着青稞。
我看到一位老大爷在田里忙活着，他弓着背，皮肤黝黑发亮，粗糙的手上紧紧握着锄头。
他一边锄着地，一边和我唠嗑，说这青稞种得好不好，直接关系到家里一年的收入。
他家就指着这地里的收成过日子呢，子女都出去打工了，他舍不得这祖祖辈辈耕耘的土地，就一直守着。
从这个小乡村的情况来看，乡村发展要想有新的出路，可不能只靠着传统的种地。
一方面呢，可以把农业进行升级。
比如这青稞啊，就能做成特色的青稞酒或者青稞制品推向市场。
村里可以组织大家一起搞个小作坊，把传统的酿造工艺利用上，保证口感纯正，再用心包装一下，说不定在市场上就能打响牌子。
另一方面就是发展旅游业。
这个村子风景可美了，四周都是山，山上有野花野草。
要是村委会组织村民把村里的卫生搞得再好一点，把一些破旧的老房子修整修整，弄成那种可以住人的农家乐。
游客来了呢，白天让他们去田里体验农活，感受一下播种和收割青稞的乐趣，晚上就住在农家院里，吃着地道的农家饭，看着满天繁星，多惬意。
再比如说，可以利用网络的力量。
现在城里人都想吃点绿色无污染的农产品。
村里可以找个年轻人，学学怎么在网上卖东西，把自家地里种的新鲜青稞、还有腌制的小菜什么的放到网上去卖。
这样一来，这个青海的小乡村就能从传统慢慢走向现代，走上多元发展的道路啦，老百姓的日子也肯定越过越红火，就像老大爷脸上的皱纹也能笑成盛开的花一样。
《县乡发展中传统与现代的融合：青海的探索》我记得我到青海的另一个县乡的时候，是个冬天，好家伙，那个风刮起来像刀子似的。
这个地方的建筑和之前去的那个小乡村有点不一样，房子大都是那种土坯房为主，走在村子里，能看到每家每户门口都堆着乱七八糟的杂物。
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思考： 作文训练的高效途径，不在于你写多
少，要学会变题和活用材料。
总结
1.定位作文思维的发散点——道具+人物 2.参照生活的存在去表达——技法辅助
（以上是以“情感”立意的出发点，以情感为支点，寻找与之密切的人 物，借助合理的道具，道理”建立在叙事和描写的基础上——提炼+升 华
例如：半命题作文《一个 的
人》，就适合采用对比写法，有个学生写《一个在
黑夜伴我前行的人》，文中小作者将母亲的手很凉， 与怀里的热水瓶的“热”形成对比，母爱的中心在 “冷热”对比深刻了。
小提纲作文的设计样本
题目： 开头： 感动_______
一件事提纲：（重点文字） 结尾：
小提纲作文的设计样本
题目： 开头： 珍惜（ ）
无限风光在险峰
——中考写作教学与复习策略
内容概述 一、解读考试说明 二、写作教学体系 三、微写作训练与思考
四、大作文训练与复习对策
一、解读考试说明
1.根据题意和要求写作，感情真挚，力求表 达自己对自然、社会、人生的独特感受和 真切体验。
解读：“自然、社会、人生”这三个词语
提示选材的范围。
现状：学生作文写校园题材居多，提示我
例如：《来之不易的成果》 乡情=买桃树+种树+呵护+结果（桃子一枚） 亲情=爷爷为我生日买树+教我种树+呵护+结果（桃 子一枚） 友情=秒表+操场+提高速度+陪伴+鼓励+优秀（成绩）
1.立意训练
操作：一篇文章由“情”发散，发散出多个材料，
“材料”不做“废料”处理，被舍弃的材料
让学生逆推题目，训练拟题能力，这样就沉
大作文提纲的设计样本
3、章法训练
初中阶段最适合操作的有两种方法：
反复写法和对比写法。
操作： 反复——将一个动作、语言、表情写两次， 出现在文章不同的地方。 （解决字数不够和文章细节的问题） 《淡淡的奶香》——母亲用手试 温度。
对比写法
操作：对比写法首先定位对比点，然后考虑中心
的需要，再选择“异体对比 ”还是“同体对比”。
解读：以上文字提醒了作文构思的流程，“中心” 是起点，表达要与中心相称，表达的内容区 分“详略”，最后才会出现“条理清楚”
的效果。
现状：切入正题慢；废料出现；材料与中心不一致； 插叙文字偏题太远。
对策
首先，用2B铅笔在试卷上提示自己：详略、表达、
事件转换——不要等自己写错了再改，试卷是 惟一的，没有机会重来，追求一次成功。 （速稿） 其次，用钢笔一边修改一边写作，写完用橡皮擦掉。
植物：蒲公英长在岩缝间——好奇它的种子从何而来，它如何长 大，忍耐了多少苦痛。
人物：好奇爷爷在秋日的枝头留下两枚苹果给鸟儿，对话之后， 明白人要感恩自然生命的道理。
解读考试说明
2.中心明确，思想健康，力求表达有创意。 解读： 写文章讲究“三气”：正气、大气和文气。 现状：学生作文感情指向不明确； 中心开口太小，不大气； 缺乏引用古诗和使用修辞句子。
最后，平时的作文训练可以配合提纲作文，培养学
生在落笔成文之前搭建作文的骨架。
（腹稿）
解读考试说明
4.写记叙文，做到内容具体；写议论文，做到有理
有据。
解读：内容具体可以完成试卷上“真实”的要求，
进而体现真情实感。 现状：写人没有方法； 写事没有发展阶段； 句子没有表现力； 字数不足。
对策
学生作文内容具体来自于平时的写作训练和修 改，这个能力甚至与学生“自改”密切相关。 写人多种描写方法并用； 句子中使用具有表现力的定语； 写事件切分发展阶段（地点转移、动作分解） 仿写修辞句子。
几件事提纲：（材料安排方式——并列式、递进式） 结尾：
大作文提纲的设计样本
题目:陪伴 要求: 1、请你自选材料,自定主题,写一篇不少于600字 的文章. 2 、写出真情实感，中心明确，表达力求有创意。 一 作文写法选择： 象征、 以小见大、 对比 、 衬托 、 动静结合 虚实结合、 移步换景 二 作文形式选择： 书信体 题记 小标题 自白式
们写作文时对于选材范围的着眼点 要“放大”，才不会造成考场作文 材料的雷同。
2013年试题： (1)“阅读”是人生中一种必不可少的生活姿态。 “阅读”父母的点滴细节，体会劳作的艰辛； “阅读”自然的呻吟，明白要善待自然；“阅 读”社会的美丑，懂得要守住道德的底线，阅 读经典佳作，获得心灵的轻盈和洁净……请以 “阅读，真好”为题目写一篇文章。 解读：看完材料提示不难发现，自然、人生、 社会成为中考作文的提示出现了，提示我们写 作文的确应该改革一些内容了。
对策
正气：文章内容定位在真善美的角度上，就 会实现“思想健康”。
大气：文章中心深刻就能体现大气，如《给
予》，一般材料是写他人给予自己，
如果延伸给予的内容，写出自己在将
来也会将给予的美德传递，文章就大 气了。（传递法，双向法）
解读考试说明
3.根据表达的中心，选择恰当的表达方式，合理安排内 容的顺序和详略，条理清楚的表达自己的意思。
（把文章的立意定位在“理”的基础上，要因文题和所选择的材料而定， 如果有阐述道理的必要和基础，就可以提炼。例如：半命题作文《感 悟 》就必须把文章的中心指向道理，“感”是一个低级层面，而悟 是深层的内容，俗话说“悟理”，体现在作文的立意上就是这个道理。）
2.语言训练
依托阅读文本进行训练 1. 修辞句： 2.描写句：根据文章的特点，比较突出的表 达方式进行训练。例如：《我从罗丹得到的 启示》
重庆试题
对策
对策：转换地点思考材料，以命题作文《好奇》为例，如果选择 自然作为感受的地方，先要搜集你都去过哪里，然后按照“四 物法”去发散思维，就会打开对自然乃至人生进行思考的思路。
动物：爬山看到蚂蚁台阶上的表现——好奇它怎么爬上如此高的 地方。（海燕）
静物：丑陋的石头上，有天然的花纹——好奇过去发生了什么。
二、写作教学体系
学生的写作训练主要由三部分组成： 立意训练、语言训练和章法训练。 1.立意训练要寻求好的命意，做到新颖深刻。 2.语言训练要长期实践，接通阅读教学，做好积累。 3.章法训练可以结合作文复改进行，短时间会见效。
1.立意训练
“情理”立意训练法
六情：乡情、亲情、友情、师生情、爱国情、 赞美情（自然物）