2012年考研《英语》大纲考查内容及试卷结构
2012英语二真题及详解
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题考生注意事项：1 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
3 答案必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。
(1)英语知识运用，阅读理解 A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡 1上。
填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用 2B铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2)英译汉和写作部分必须用蓝黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。
字迹要清楚。
4.考试结束，将试题，答题卡1和答题卡2一并装入试题袋中交回。
Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Millions of Americansand foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of Americanmilitary adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be .To the men and womenwho 1 in World War II and the people theyliberated ,the GI. was the 2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kidtorn away from his home ,the guy who3) all the burdens of battle ,whoslept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4) of food and shelter ,whostuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteersoldier ,not someone well paid ,5) an average guy ,up6 )the besttrained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI.is just a military abbreviation 7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article 8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy whonever9) it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac …a working class name. TheUnited States has 10) had a president or vice-president or secretary ofstate Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character,or a (12) of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joebased on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiersPyle (13) portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the(14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not howmany miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the“willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Bothmen(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that thesoldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey,shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was anyAmerican soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handedout [B]turnover [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on thecontrary [B] by this means [C]from theoutset [D]at that pointSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following fourtexts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never beenterribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years ithas been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, mostrecently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educationalritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy whichmandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may nolonger count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant toaddress the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes mighthave in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory.Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do withoutexpensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass tostudents who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, itis going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered forpoor children.District administratorssay that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed toassign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see veylittle difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on statetests without completing their homework, but what about the students whoperformed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible thatthe homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what worksbest for their students, the policy imposes a flat,across-the-board rule.At the same time, thepolicy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If thedistrict finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academicachievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not makethem count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensurethat the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing toreview and correct.The homework rulesshould be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for settingeducational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It isnot too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied inparagraph 1 that nowadays homework _____.[A] is receiving morecriticism[B]is no longer aneducational ritual[C]is not required foradvanced courses[D]is gaining morepreferences22. L.A.Unified has madethe rule about homework mainly because poor students _____.[A]tend to have moderateexpectations for their education[B]have asked for adifferent educational standard[C]may have problemsfinishing their homework[D]have voiced theircomplaints about homework23. According toParagraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may ____.[A]discourage studentsfrom doing homework[B]result in students'indifference to their report cards[C]undermine theauthority of state tests[D]restrict teachers'power in education24. As mentioned inParagraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether ______.[A] it should beeliminated[B]it counts much inschooling[C]it places extraburdens on teachers[D]it is important forgrades25.A suitable title forthis text could be ______.[A]Wrong Interpretationof an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy forPoor Students[C]Thorny Questionsabout Homework[D]A Faulty Approach toHomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adultwomen do not remember being so obsessed with the color, yet it is pervasive inour young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it issuch a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in oneway, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girl s’ identity to appearance. Then itpresents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocentbut as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lackof imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ at traction topink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to JoPaoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children werenot colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era beforedomestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, sincethe only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boysand girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nurserycolours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculinecolour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, withits intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolisedfemininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sexdiffere nces became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fullycame into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, partof what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised howprofoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural tokins,including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take thetoddler. I assumed thatphase was something experts developed after years ofresearch into children’s behaviour: wron g. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trickby clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publicationscounseled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they shouldcreate“th ird stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. Itwas only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into abroadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, intoever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one ofthe easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – orinvent them where they did not previously exist.26. By saying "itis...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink ______.[A]should not be thesole representation of girlhood[B]should not beassociated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls'lack of imagination[D]cannot influencegirls' lives and interests27. According toParagraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encodedin girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to beregarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be aneutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered bybabies.28. The author suggeststhat our perception of children's psychological development was much influencedby _____.[A]the marketing ofproducts for children[B]the observation ofchildren's nature[C]researches intochildren's behavior[D]studies of childhoodconsumption29. We may learn fromParagraph 4 that department stores were advised to _____.[A]focus on infant wearand older kids' clothes[B]attach equalimportance to different genders[C]classify consumersinto smaller groups[D]create some commonshoppers' terms30. It can be concludedthat girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained bytheir inborn tendency[B]fully understood byclothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed byprofit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted bypsychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, as sured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genes that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecul e “is no less a product of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.”Despite the appeals court's decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industryadvances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. companies areunlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are alreadypatented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of diseaseor predict a drug’s efficacy, companies are eager to win patents for‘connectingthe dots’, explains Hans Saue r, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may bedetermined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, whichthe Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held aconvention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscapefor patents. Each meeting was packed.31. It can be learnedfrom paragraph I that the biotech companies would like _____A. their executives tobe activeB. judges to rule outgene patentingC. genes to bepatentableD. the BIO to issue awarning32. Those who areagainst gene patents believe that _____A. genetic tests are notreliableB. only man-madeproducts are patentableC. patents on genesdepend much on innovationD. courts shouldrestrict access to gene tic tests33. According to HansSauer, companies are eager to win patents for _____A. establishing diseasecorrelationsB. discovering geneinteractionsC. drawing pictures ofgenesD. identifying human DNA34.By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author meansthat _____A. the supreme court wasauthoritativeB. the BIO was apowerful organizationC. gene patenting was agreat concernD. lawyers were keen toattend conventions35. Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is _____A. criticalB. supportiveC. scornfulD. objectiveText 4The great recession maybe over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before itends,It will likely changethe life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of oursociety for years.No one tries harder thanthe jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Manysaid that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in someways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; theywere more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps therecession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken usfrom our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put anecessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences ofEconomic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that bothinside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or declinehave almost always left society moremean-spirited and less inclusive, and haveusually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrantsentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequalityusually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decreaseopportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research ofTill Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not allpeople graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those withdegrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwisewould have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneaththem that are left behind.In the internet age, itis particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden withinAmerican society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely howthese lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in itshistory, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then haveshown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard timeswill reshape our social fabric. But they certainly will reshape it, and all themore so the longer they extend.36. By saying “to findsilver linings”（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to ____.[A]seek subsidies fromthe government[B]explore reasons forthe unemployment[C]make profits from thetroubled economy[D]look on the brightside of the recession37. According toParagraph 2,the recession has made people _____.[A]realize the nationaldream[B]struggle against eachother[C]challenge theirlifestyle[D]reconsider theirlifestyle38. Benjamin Friedmanbelieve that economic recessions may _____.[A]impose a heavierburden on immigrants[B]bring out more evilsof human nature[C]Promote the advanceof rights and freedoms[D]ease conflictsbetween races and classes39. The research of TillVon Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tendto _____.[A]lag behind the othersdue to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly withexperienced employees[C]see their lifechances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quicklythan the others40. The author thinksthat the influence of hard times on society is _____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following textand answer the questions by finding information from the left column thatcorresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are twoextra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1. (10points)“Universal history, thehistory of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History ofthe Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle.Well, not any more it is not. Suddenly, Britain looksto have fallen out with its favorite historical form. This could be no morethan a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about howwe now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers andmore interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest daysof the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary livesof great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De VirisIllustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classicalheroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising tothe top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turnedon its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness,rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, theattributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leadingpainters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist'spersonal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian authorSamual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers,industrialists and explorers. "The valuable examples which they furnishthe power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfastintegrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character,exhibit,” wrote Smiles.” what it is in the power of each to accomplish forhimself” His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwoodwere held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bitbourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroiclives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochalfigures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessinghigher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. Forthem, history did nothing; it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed toappreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations inwhich each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not makeit just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen bythemselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted fromthe past.”This was the traditionwhich revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle,Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History frombelow stood alongsidebiographies of great men. Whole new realms ofunderstanding — from gender to race to cultural studies —were opened up asscholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed publichistory too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.41. Petrarch [B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.42. Niccolo Machiavellli [C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.43. Samuel Smiles [D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.44. Thomas Carlyle [E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle.45. Marx and Engels [F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.[G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the followingtext from English into Chinese. Write your translationon ANSWERSHEET2.(15 points)When people indeveloping countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned atthe prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australiatry to attract by using immigration rules that privilege collegegraduates .Lots of studies havefound that well-educated people from developing countries areparticularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian householdsin 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than ahigh-school education, compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over theage of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers inpoor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies, deprivingthemof much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at theiruniversities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart A47. DirectionsSuppose you have foundsomething wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought froman online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1) make a complaint and2) demand a prompt solutionYou should write about100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your ownname at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.48、write an essay based onthe following table .In your writing you should1) describe the table,and2) give your commentsYou should write atleast 150 words (15points)某公司员工工作满意度调查年龄 -------满意度满意不清楚不满意小于等于40岁16.7% 50.0% 33.3%41-50岁0.0% 36.0% 64.0%大于50岁40.0 50.0% 10.0%完形填空1. B served2. B common3. A bore4. A necessities5. C but6. D against7. A meaning8. A handed out9. C made 10. D neither11. Ddistinguished 12. B collection 13. C interviewed 14. D human15. C patrolled 16. A paralleled 17. C emphasized 18. C fragments19. B To 20. D at that point完形填空分析英语（二）大纲指出，完形填空文章字数大约是350个词，比英语（一）的文章字数240-280词要多，字数多也就意味着给出了更多的已知线索来搜寻未知信息，所以考生理解起来更顺畅、做起题来更轻松。
2.考研英语二作文2012年讲义
考研英语二写作讲义2012年考研英语（二)考试大纲中作文部分的描述如下：该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。
共25分。
A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。
备选题包括：1）考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
2）考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要。
考生在答题卡2上作答，共10分。
B节：要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。
提示情景的形式为图画、图表或文字等。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共20分。
英语二2010年起才有小作文，总共考过2次，都是书信，均为两种类型的混合信：2010年是感谢+邀请，2011年是祝贺+建议。
2012年复习重点依然是书信，注意类型的混合搭配。
◆书信类：基本模式书信分为三个部分来写：称呼、正文和签名。
书信格式如下：常用万能句：I am Zhang Wei, I am writing to you for the purpose of +V-ing.或者：I am _______, I am writing this letter to +V.表达建议：I am Li Ming. I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my deepest concern about____________(具体内容题目给出). I sincerely wish you consider my suggestion.表达感谢；I am ____（具体名字题目会给出）. I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my sincere thanks.表达道歉；My name is ______. I am writing to you for the purpose of making an apology due to my carelessness.表达邀请；I am______(具体名字题目会给出), I am writing to you for the purpose of honorably inviting you to _______表达不满；I am_____(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of making a complaint about your_____ （具体事情题目会给出）表达祝贺；I am____（具体名字题目给出）. I am writing to you to express sincere congratulations on your success and happiness!表达求职：I am Li Ming, who graduates from Shandong University. I am writing you for the purpose of obtaining the position of ____（具体职位题目会给出）表达辞职；My name is _______(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of quitting my present job.万能建议段:It must be pointed out that the situation of ____________ is going from bad to worse. Therefore, as far as I am concerned,first of all, Governments departments are required to take effective measures to solve this serious problem. Secondly, different classes in the society need to cooperate closely to pay attention to this problem. At last, as individuals, we should care about it and set up examples for others.万能祝贺段：As a matter of fact, I know that you have devoted a great deal of precious time as well as energy to it. During the past valuable time and experience, you have obtained not only rich work experience but also wide-spreading interpersonal relationship. Therefore, the past experience has laid solid foundation for the present success. I wish you to accept my heartfelt(发自内心的) congratulations. In fact, I have also learned a lot from your achievement this time. You have set up a brilliant example for us to make success and realize our dreams in the near future.万能求职段：As a matter of fact, I am quite sure that I am extremely qualified for this position. To begin with, my major learned in the college matches with this position very much. In the second place, I have got three years’ rich experience concerning this position. Thirdly, my character is not only careful but also patient. In addition, I am very open-minded person. Therefore, I consider I am the right person for this position.例1：Thank you for reading my letter at your busy time! I firmly believe that with your considerate concern this problem will be smoothly solved.例2：At last, I am sincerely thankful for your reading my application letter at your busy time. I am looking for the precious chance to be interviewed in recent time.例3：Thank you for reading my letter very much! In fact I am grateful for your concern during my past working time. I sincerely expect your positive answer soon.例4：I thank you again for your unselfish help to me! I wish our friendship as well as cooperation will last for ever.例5：Sincere apology to you again! I am looking forward to your forgiving.例6：Congratulate to you again with my faithful blessings! I am quite sure that you will make much greater accomplishment with your effort and devotion!例7：I believe your company will consider consumers’ interest according to your working style. I am looking forward to your answer.真题及分析2010年英语二小作文真题47. Directions:You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)参考范文Dear friend,I am writing this letter to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.I feel obliged to thank you again.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei2011年英语二小作文真题47. Directions:Suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her, and(2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "Zhang Wei" instead.参考范文：Dear Li Ming,I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life.In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life.Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei2005年英语一小作文真题：Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s)，and making an apology。
2012考研(英语一)真题及其答案
2012考研(英语一)真题及其答案2012考研(英语一)真题及其答案近年来，考研成为越来越多大学生选择的途径之一，而英语一则是众多考生当中选择最多的科目之一。
为了帮助考生更好地备战2012年考研英语一科目，本文将针对2012年考研英语一真题进行详细解析。
Part ASection I: Error Identification此部分共有10个句子，每个句子中均有一个错误。
考生需要在每个句子中将错误的部分找出并进行修改。
1. 错误部分：改为which将句子修正为：I’ll always remember the day on which I first came to the college.2. 错误部分：将arrive后的to删除修正为：It was the first time that I had arrived in a foreign country.3. 错误部分：将flying后的for改为with修正为：I am quite familiar with flying on business trips.4. 错误部分：将have后的escaped改为escape修正为：Nowhere else have I seen such natural wonders as I have in Yunnan.5. 错误部分：将deposit后的much改为many修正为：There are many new deposits of oil and natural gas being discovered every year.6. 错误部分：将the后的from删除修正为：The local government has taken actions to prevent the price of houses from soaring.7. 错误部分：将raising后的prices改为price修正为：The rising price of daily necessities has put a great burden on the local residents.8. 错误部分：将tried后的to删除修正为：Whispering is not allowed in the museum, as I have tried many times.9. 错误部分：将otherwise后的standing改为stand修正为：You need to take your seat, otherwise, the bus driver won't continue driving.10. 错误部分：将to后的made删除修正为：Having made the decision to start my own business, I worked hard day and night.Section II: Reading Comprehension此部分分为三篇阅读材料，每篇材料后有5个选择题。
2012与2011考研英语大纲对比
1.分清主次，学会把握文章的关键信息；
2.理清作者思路，把握文章中心和作者的态度。
阅读理解B（新题型）
该部分主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。本部分有3种备选题型。每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。考生在答题卡1上作答。
语言技能：阅读
考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所读材料，考生应能：
1）理解主旨要义；
2）理解文中的具体信息；
3）理解文中的概念性含义；
4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；
备选题型有：
1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3）在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
没有变化
综观新题型的考查历史，05、06年考查的是第一种选择搭配题，而07年则选择了难度相对较低的第三种——选择小标题。08、09年则继续考查选择搭配题，最近的10、11年两年均考查第二种排序题。2012年对该题型的复习，要按照大纲的要求，合理有效的利用参考资料对三种题型进行全面的复习和准备。其中以第一种和第二种题型为重点，以第三种题型为次重点。
2012年考研《英语》大纲解读
英语一、选择题1、L2、C3、J4、M5、V6、D7、H8、S9、U 10、G11、X 12、Q 13、O 14、B 15、P 16、I 17、R 18、N 19、K 20、F21、W 22、A 23、T 24、E二、选择题25、U 26、E 27、L 28、D 29、N 30、H 31、G 32、A 33、B 34、J35、P 36、M 37、R 38、V 39、X三、40、A 41、B 42、A 43、B 44、A 45、B 46、B 47、A 48、B 49、A50、A 51、A 52、B 53、A 54、B四、55、C 56、A 57、D 58、B 59、A 60、C 61、B 62、D 63、C 64、D65、对统治者的绝对服从是这些帝国的领导者们所坚持的。
66、他们必须彼此友善、相互同情，此外，还需要具备许多其他品质，否则生活将不能忍受，除非你是荒漠中的隐士。
67、他们从将生活看成自己的私事的观念中解放出来。
68、她（雅典）已经达到了这样的程度：她所希望的自由即是摆脱了责任的自由。
69、人可能永远无法确信这一伟大的思想不会即刻化为行动，唯一能够肯定的是，这一思想一一会在某个时候化为行动。
70、Suggested points:(1)your view;(2)your reason(s);(3)a natural conclusion.71、Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking—in other words, about where you and your society are.72、As the big problem of the thirties were brought under some kind of rough control, new rolems took their place—the unprecedented problems of an affluent society and of racial justice.73、Evidence of that was her husband's letting her come down alone;the trip to Mexico was for her to find herself, get back on her feet, retum to him healed.74、Our research shows that no company can succeed today by tying to be all things to all people.75、That set of facts makes it impossible, of course, for any American restaurant—or,indeed, any city—dweller separated from supply by more than a few hours—to have decent fresh vegetables.76、The American dream promisd older people that if they worked hard enough all their lives;things would tum out well for them.Today's elderly were brought up to believe in pride,self -reliance and independence.Many are tough,determined individuals who manage to survive against adversity.But even the tough ones reach a point where help should be available to them.。
武汉理工2012英语专业大纲详解
五、 参考书目：
1. 吴定柏，《美国文学欣赏》，上海外语教育出版社，2009年。
2. 王守仁，《英国文学欣赏》，高等教育出版社，20005年。
武汉理工大学硕士研究生入学考试
《基础英语》大纲
总则
武汉理工大学硕士研究生入学考试
《英语语言学》考试大纲
一、考试目的：考察考生对普通语言学基本内容是否有了较系统的掌握，是否具备了运用语言学知识来观察、总结、分析和论述日常语言现象的初步能力以及用英语答题的基本能力。
二、考试要求：
1. 考生应全部用英语答题；
1．考生应熟练掌握普通语言学的主要内容、熟记其中的基本概念；
参考书目：
《新编英语教程》（1-6册） 李观仪 上海外语教育出版社 2008年
武汉理工大学硕士研究生
法语(第一外语)入学考试大纲
总则
本大纲的各项规定作为武汉理工大学外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试法语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。
考生对象
本大纲的考生对象是参加武汉理工大学外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试并把法语作为第一外语的全国考生。
第三部分：翻译（15%）
翻译为法译汉，可以是一篇短文，也可以是独立的句子（共5句）。要求译文句子通顺，无大的翻译错误。
第四部分：作文（10%）
目的是考核考生用法语书面表达的初步能力。
给出适当提示，要求考生写出一篇长度为１００个单词的短文，能正确表达思想，内容贯通，无重大语法错误。写作的题材主要是日常生活或一般常识。
2. 掌握英语基本语法；
3. 具有一定的阅读能力、翻译能力和写作能力；
2012年考研英语真题答案与解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题答案与解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1(B.maintain)its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2(A.when) justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3(B.weakened)the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that t he court’s decisions will be 4(D.accepted)as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5(C.bound)by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6(B.subject)to the code of conduct that 7(D.applies)to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases 8(B.raise) the question of whether there is still a 9(A.line)between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10(B.as) having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11(A.so) they would be free to12(C.upset) those in power and have no need to 13(C.cultivate) political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14(D.tied).Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15(A.concepts) like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16(C.shapes)is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17(A.dismissed) as unjust.The justices must 18(C.address) doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19(D.accountable) to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20(D.as a result) convincing as law.最近，最高法院法官的道德判断成为了至关重要的事情。
英语大纲解析
2012考研英语大纲解析今年的考试解析没有什么太大变化，今年题型和去年题型是一样的，现在考研还是五种题型，完形填空、阅读理解、新题型、翻译、写作，要求还是那样的要求，基本没有什么太大变化。
这使得我们对2010年备考的考生悬着的心终于落了下来，现在终于知道前面复习的基本都是对路的，大纲基本没有做重大改革。
阅读理解跟去年的要求基本上是一样的，也就是说我们在考试当中是四篇文章，总字数是1600个单词，考试过程当中要考1600个单词，如果不出意外的话，2010年阅读理解的考察选材基本来自西方的报刊与杂志，一般来说来自八大报刊杂志，《经济学家》、《新闻周刊》、《科学美国人》、《时代周刊》、《美国新闻与世界报道》、《科学》、《纽约时报》、《泰晤士报》等等。
每道篇目有五道题，四篇文章20道题，每道题2分。
考察的要点没有什么变化，根据考试大纲的解析，我们阅读理解选材来自各类书籍和报刊，各类书籍和报刊这两年还是偏报刊比较多一点，而且我们现在要求有生词量，生词量占总词量的3%，四篇文章1600个单词，平均下来每篇文章有一两个生词。
今年阅读理解要求我们读懂一些与本人学习或者工作有关的文献、科技说明或者产品介绍，今年还是这样规定的，说明整个考研的学生分为两块，一块是应届本科毕业生，还有一块是在职考研，为了照顾到这两方面群体的要求，所以在大纲中规定我们阅读理解不仅能够看懂报刊书籍上的文章，看懂技术说明、产品介绍、文献，不管是报刊上选取的文章还是技术说明、产品介绍，关于阅读理解能力的要求大纲有八点要求。
第一，考试过程中要理解主旨要义，给一篇文章能够做一些主旨题，所谓主旨题分为两种，文章主旨题、段落主旨题。
这篇文章出的时候经常问你这篇文章的主题是什么或者这篇文章告诉我们一个什么道理，这篇文章是什么样的写作目的，这篇文章有什么样的写作风格，这篇文章有什么样的最佳标题。
这些都在考生对阅读材料主旨的理解，有些时候可能会问就原文当中的某一段或者某段或者某几段，问这两个或者三个一群讲的是什么主旨意思。
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广州市荔湾区小学语文毕业考试题
开卷部分（时间：10分钟）
一、查字典，给加粗的字注音，并从字典里选择恰当的义项写下来。
颠簸
绝密
一丝不苟
家眷
徽号
摩肩接踵
阅卷部分（时间：110分钟）
二、听读一段话后做题。
1．________时期，蔡伦总结了前人造纸的经验，制造了适合书写的植物纤维纸。
2．这段话列举了________种生活中常用的纸。
3．收音机的扬声器上用的是________纸，练习薄用的是________纸，糖果用的是________纸。
三、看拼音，在括号写出词语，要写得整洁、匀称。
cháo xiào wǔrǔ yǔn nuòmáo dùn
（）（）（）（）
四、读句子，给加粗的多音字选择正确的读音填在括号里。
1．看（kān kàn）
星期天，爸爸妈妈要去医院看（）望奶奶，嘱咐我看（）好家。
2．便（biàn pián）
平价商店离我家很近，买东西既方便（）又便（）宜。
3．屏（píng bǐng）
他屏（）住呼吸躲在屏（）风后面。
五、同学们在课内外学习语文，一定积累了许多生动、活泼的语言，请按要求做题。
1．写出四个你从寓言故事中学到的成语。
________________ ________________ ________________ ________________
2．照样子写出三个词语。
例：弯弯曲曲________________ ________________ ________________
3．写出一副你最喜欢的对联。
________________________ ________________________________
4．默写陆游或李白、杜甫写的一首诗。
________________
________________ ________________
________________ ________________
六、判断下面的句子说法是否正确，正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”。
1．“七月的北京，是一个炎热的季节。
”是个病句。
（）
2．“今天昨天前天明天后天”的排列顺序是正确的。
（）
3．“漓江两岸，群山如千万株玉笋破土而出。
”运用了打比方的写法。
（）
4．“这是一棵巨大的、古老的，珍贵的银杏树。
”标点符号运用正确。
（）
5．“我们听了《小珊迪》的故事，不能不受感动。
”和“我们听了《小珊迪》的故事能不受感动吗？”意思是一样的。
（）
七、下面是一篇广告，请阅读后完成练习。
“如果骏马追不上太阳，我们就把太阳放在马背上。
”
山高水长，戈壁茫茫的新疆，拥有了马背上的太阳——太阳能收集板。
有了明亮的“太阳”，戈壁的生活不再是苍凉的寂寞，因为太阳的能量送来了醉人的欢乐；有了明亮的“太阳”，戈壁的夜晚不再是漆黑一片，因为太阳的能量送来了喜人的光明；有了明亮的“太阳”，戈壁的冬天不再只是刺骨的严寒，因为太阳的能量送来了融融的暖意。
通过“光明工程”，政府把壳牌的太阳能技术带给边远牧区的千家万户，把移动的电力带给草原，生活在马背上的哈萨克民族，漫漫转场路已与以往有别：（）毡房里装上了电灯，（）走到哪里，就能亮到哪里！壳牌太阳能收集板，正适合马背上的生活，轻巧坚固，不怕马背上的颠簸，可以直接用电，也可以把电能储进电池备用，安装也只需五分钟，简单得如同骑马备鞍。
远古夸父的追日梦，化作了小小的太阳能收集板。
人类走过了漫长的自然崇拜，发现（）夸父追日，（）借日酬勤。
让太阳的能量变成可持续的能源，伴我们生生不息，直到永远。
注释：
①夸父追日：《山海经·海外北经》记载古代的神话。
夸父为留住太阳而追赶太阳，喝了黄河、渭河的水不解渴，半路上渴死了。
②借日酬勤：借用太阳的能量酬谢人们的辛勤、努力。
1．选择合适的关联词语填在括号里。
宁可……也不……与其……不如……
虽然……但是……不但……而且……
2．填空。
这则广告宣传的产品是________________，它特别适合在________________使用。
这则广告面向的对象是________________。
3．第三自然段介绍了产品的特点。
请用简洁的文字概括出它的四个特点（不超过18个字）。
（1）________（2）________（3）________（4）________
4．读读第二自然段，写出作者运用的表达方法及其作用。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5．厂家为了宣传、推销产品，精心制作广告。
你平时看到哪些产品的广告呢？请把你最欣赏的一则广告词写下来。
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
八、作文。
1．当你踏进考室的时候，当你看到试卷，拿起笔答卷的时候，你的心情怎样？把你看到的、想到的写下来。
题目自定，要围绕一个意思，按一定的顺序写，文章不少于400字。
参考答案
一、bǒ上下震荡jué极、最gǒu随便juàn亲属huī美好的zhǒng脚后跟
二、（略）
三、嘲笑侮辱允诺矛盾
四、kàn kān biàn pián bǐng píng
五、1．自相矛盾郑人买履守株待兔掩耳盗铃
2．支支吾吾朝朝暮暮熙熙攘攘
3．风声雨声读书声声声入耳，家事国事天下事事事关心
4．（略）
六、1．×2．×3．√4．×5．√
七、1．不但……而且……与其……不如……
2．壳牌太阳能收集板戈壁和边远牧区生活在戈壁和边远牧区的人们
3．轻巧坚固可直接用可储存安装方便
4．排比写法，强调了太阳能收集板的作用大。
5．如：没有最好，只有更好。